S1-1

Problem E1- Solution

Heat Conduction in a Copper Rod (10 points)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Part A: The short copper rod (3.9 points)
A.1 (0.2 pt)
𝑅 − 𝑅0
𝑅𝑒𝑛 = 110.11 ± 0.01 Ω 𝜃𝑒𝑛 =
𝑅0 𝛼
𝜃𝑒𝑛 = 25.87 ± 0.03 ℃

A.2 (0.5 pt)

n 𝑅(Ω) 𝑡(𝑠)
1 110.11 1
2 110.11 10
3 110.15 20
4 110.18 30
5 110.26 40
6 110.4 50
7 110.53 60
8 110.66 70
9 110.82 80
10 110.96 90
11 111.12 100
12 111.25 110
13 111.41 120
14 111.57 130
15 111.73 140
 S2-1
A.3 (0.8 pt)

112
111.8 y = 0.0147x + 109.65
111.6 R² = 0.9991
111.4
111.2
R (ohm)

111
110.8
110.6
110.4
110.2
110
0 20 40 60 t(s) 80 100 120 140 160

∆𝑅/∆𝑡 0.0147 Ω/𝑠 ∆𝜃 1 ∆𝑅

=
∆𝜃/∆𝑡 0.03761 ℃/𝑠 ∆𝑡 𝑅0 𝛼 ∆𝑡
𝑃1 ∆𝑃1
𝐶𝑠 52 ± 2 J/℃ 𝐶𝑠 = ∆𝜃 , ∆𝐶𝑠 ≈ 𝐶𝑠 𝑃1
∆𝑡

A.4 (0.5pt)
n 𝑅(Ω) 𝑡(𝑠) (𝑅 − 𝑅𝑒𝑛 )(Ω)
1 119.98 40 9.82
2 119.17 175 9.01
3 118.39 300 8.23
4 117.29 500 7.13
5 116.58 650 6.42
6 115.91 800 5.75
7 115.15 1000 4.99
8 114.51 1200 4.35
9 113.91 1400 3.75
10 113.40 1600 3.24
 S3-1
A.5 (0.7 pt)

y = 10.163473e-0.000710x
R² = 0.999847
R-Renv (ohm)

2
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
t (s)

𝛾 = (710 ± 3) × 10−6 𝑠 −1

A.6 (0.5 pt)

1 1
n 𝑅(Ω) 𝑅9 (Ω) 𝑇(𝑘) ( )
𝑇 𝑘
1 8528 110.78 300.733 0.003325
2 7020 112.81 305.9272 0.003269
3 4005 117.83 318.772 0.003137
4 3601 119.13 322.0984 0.003105
5 3014 120.96 326.7808 0.00306
6 2658 122.27 330.1328 0.003029
7 1803 126.42 340.7515 0.002935
8 1547 128.09 345.0245 0.002898
9 1296 130.00 349.9117 0.002858
10 1246 130.45 351.0631 0.002848
 S4-1
A.7 (0.7 pt)
16384
8192
4096
2048
1024
512
R9 (ohm)

256
128
64 y = 0.01227e4,051.75746x
32 R² = 0.99926
16
8
4
2
1
0.0028 0.0029 0.003 0.0031 0.0032 0.0033 0.0034
1/T (1/k)

𝐸𝑔 = 0.698 ± 0.007 𝑒𝑉

Part B: The long copper rod (4.1 points)

B.1 and B.5
𝜃𝑏 = 24.41℃

B.1 (0.4pt) B.5 (0.4pt)

(0) 𝑥
n 𝑥(𝑐𝑚) 𝜃𝑥 (℃) 𝜃𝑥 − 𝜃b (℃) 𝐵 (1) 𝑒 𝜆 (℃) 𝜃′𝑥 − 𝜃b (℃)
1 0 44.61 17.23 0.27 16.96
2 7 39.37 11.99 0.37 11.62
3 14 35.92 8.54 0.51 8.03
4 21 33.58 6.20 0.72 5.48
5 28 31.98 4.60 1.00 3.60
6 35 31.02 3.64 1.39 2.25
7 42 30.68 3.30 1.93 1.37
 S5-1
B.2 (0.4 pt)
100

y = 16.86704e-0.04715x
R² = 0.99858
𝜃𝑥−𝜃b (C)

10

1
0 10 20 30 40 50
x (cm)

B.3 (0.6 pt)

B.4 (0.4 pt)
𝐴(0) = 16.87 ℃
𝐵 = 𝐴𝑒 −2𝜆𝑑
1 𝐵(1) = 0.266℃
𝜆(0) = 0.047 ± 0.005 ( )
𝑐𝑚
B.6 (1.0 pt)

𝐴(1) = 17.91℃
𝜆(1) = 0.059 ± 1
0.002 (𝑐𝑚)
100.00

y = 17.91e-0.059x
R² = 0.9976
𝜃𝑥−𝜃b (C)

10.00

1.00
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
x (cm)
 S6-1
B.7 (0.9 pt)
42.5𝑐𝑚 𝑑 2𝜋𝑟ℎ𝐴
𝑃2 = ∫−0.5𝑐𝑚 2𝜋𝑟ℎ(𝜃𝑥 − 𝜃b )𝑑𝑥 or ∫0 2𝜋𝑟ℎ(𝜃𝑥 − 𝜃b )𝑑𝑥 = (1 − 𝑒 −2𝜆𝑑 )
𝜆
𝑃2 𝜆 2ℎ
ℎ= , 𝑘= , 𝑃2 = 4.5 𝑊
2𝜋𝑟𝐴(1−𝑒 −2𝜆𝑑) 𝜆2 𝑟

1 𝑊 𝑊
𝜆 = 0.053 ± 0.008 (𝑐𝑚) , ℎ = 0.0037 ± 0.0003 𝑘 𝑐𝑚2 , 𝑘 = 3.9 ± 0.3 𝑘 𝑐𝑚

C.1 (0.4 pt)

𝜃𝑏 = 27.38℃
n 𝑥(𝑐𝑚) 𝜃𝑥 (℃) (𝜃𝑥 − 𝜃𝑏 )(℃) B-1 C-B Reversed
order
1 0 46.02 18.64 17.23 1.41 9.73
2 7 40.99 13.61 11.99 1.62 6.69
3 14 38.04 10.66 8.54 2.12 4.58
4 21 36.67 9.29 6.2 3.09 3.09
5 28 36.56 9.18 4.6 4.58 2.12
6 35 37.71 10.33 3.64 6.69 1.62
7 42 40.41 13.03 3.3 9.73 1.41
C.2 (0.6 pt)
20

18 y = 0.015x2 - 0.7562x + 18.441

R² = 0.9973
16

14
〖(𝜃〗_𝑥−𝜃_𝑏)(℃)

12

10

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
X(CM)

(The blue plots are not necessary to draw)

C.3 (1.0 pt)

𝑑𝜃 ∆𝜃
𝑃3 𝑑𝑥 𝑥=42𝑐𝑚 ∆𝑥 𝑥=42𝑐𝑚 𝜃7 −𝜃6
1) = 𝑑𝜃 ∆𝜃 = =
𝑃2 𝜃0 −𝜃1
𝑑𝑥 𝑥=0𝑐𝑚 ∆𝑥 𝑥=0𝑐𝑚
𝑑𝜃
𝑃3 𝑑𝑥 𝑥=42𝑐𝑚 sinh(𝜆(42−𝑥0 ))
2) = 𝑑𝜃 =
𝑃2 sinh(𝜆𝑥0 )
𝑑𝑥 𝑥=0𝑐𝑚
3) calculation by integral method or sigma in several parts

4) Slope ((C-B) _ B)

12

10
y = 0.6015x - 0.5922
8 R² = 0.9998
C-B

0
0 5 10 15 20
B-1

𝑃3 = 0.60 𝑃2 ± 0.01 𝑃2