(As per B.

Pharm Syllabus of AICTE)

(Seco~d ,Edition)

\'

DR. S.P. AGARWAL

8. Pharm. (Pilani), M. Pharm. (B.H .U.), M.S., Ph.D. (Illinois)
Department of Pharmaceutics
Faculty of Pharmacy
Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard ' University), New Delhi

DR. RAJESH KHANNA

M. Pharm., Ph.D . (Pharmaceutics)
Dabur Research Foundation
22, Site IV, Sahibabad
Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh

N.P.C 'l
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f SYLLABUS

Syllabus
PHARMACEUTICS-I
· (Physical Pharmacy)
(As prescribed by the AICTE for B. Pharmacy)

I. Matter, Properties of Matter : State of rnatter, change

in the state of matter, latent heats
and vapour pressure, sublimation-critical point, Eutectic mix
tures, gases, aerosols-inhalers,
relative humidity, liquid com,plexes, liquid crystals, glassy state
, solid-crystalline, amorphous
and polymorphism.
2. Micromeretic and Pow der Rheology : Particle size
and distribution, average particle
size, number and weight distribution, particle number, met
hods for determining particle
volume, optical microscopy, sieving, sedimentation, mea
surement, particle shape, specific
surface, methods for determining surface area, permeability,
adsorption, derived properties
of powders, porosity, packing arrangement, densities, bulk
iness and flow properties.
3. Surface and Interfacial Phenomenon : Liquid interfac
e, surface and interfacial tensions,
surface free energy, measurement of surface and interfacial
tensions, spreading coefficient,
adsorption at liquid interfaces, surface active agents, HLB
classification, solubilization,
detergency, adsorption at solid interfaces, solid-gas and
solid-liquid interfaces, complex
films, electrical properties of interface.
4. Viscosity and Rheology : Newtonian systems, La,w
of flow, kinematic viscosity, effect of
temperature, non-Newtonian systems, pseudoplastic, dilat
ant, plastic, thixotropy, thixotropy
in formulation, determination of viscosity, capillary, falling
ball, rotational viscometers.
5. Disp ersi on Sys tem s: Colloidal dispersions: Definiti
on, types, properties of colloids,
protective colloids, applications of colloids in pharmacy;
viii Syllabus

of susp end ed part icle s, settling in

Sus pen sion s and Emu lsio ns : Interfacial prop ertie s
movement, sedimentation offloecu1 sus,
pensions, theory ofsedimentation, effect ofB row nian
, controlled flo~ ulat ion, floe cuia ~
~articles, sedim~ntation p~ ete rs, ~ett in~ ofparticle~
s- types, theones, physical stabili n
m structured vehicles, rheological considerations; Emulsion
es, met hod s ofprep arat ion and analysis ' app~ ~·
6. Com plex atio n : Classification ofcom plex . 1
.
catio ns.
ns and concepts, half life detenninati
7. Kinetics and Dru g Stability : General consideratio
and other factors, accelerated stab~~
influence ofteinperature, light, solvent, catalytic species
study, expiration dating.
ral, buffers in pha nna ceut ical systems
8. Buffers : Buffer equations and buffer capacity in gene
sure men ts oftonicity, calculations and
preparation, stability, buffered isotonic solutions, mea
methods ofadjusting isotonicity. ·
 CONTENTS

Contents
Preface to the Second Edition .................................................... .......................... ...... v
Preface to the First Edition ....................................................................................... VI

Syllabus ...................................................................................................................... vn
1. States of Matter·················~·····························: ............ :............................................... 1
2. Micromeretics and Powder Rheology .......................................................................... __1_7
3. Sutlaceandintei:facial phenomenon ............................................................ _................. 52
......................................... 105
4. Rllec>logy ........................................................................._
5. Colloidal Disi:>ersions ................................................................................................ 142
6. Coarse Disi:>ersions ................................................................................................... 167
~ Complexation and Pr<?tein Binding.-... ·~....................................................................... 191
. --
8. Kinetics and Drug Stability ........................................................................................ 221
./

9. Buffers and Buffering Agents ..................................................................................... 261

I 0. Solubility and Related Phenomenon ........................................................................... 21.f:,_

11. Diffusionan_dDissolution. ........................................................................................... 293

,

12. Thermodynainics ............................-.......................................................................... 31 o

Index ......... ·....................................... ........................................................................ 327

Ix