TOURISM NOTES

GRADE 12
TERM 1 WEEK 2

Domestic, Regional and International Tourism

Global events of international significance

What is a global event?

- A global event is an organized event involving people from countries from around
the world.
- A global event attracts tourists from worldwide to a specific place.
- The events can be very large, such as the Olympic Games, the FIFA World Cup,
or the Tour de France, or smaller events such as the Tourism Indaba held
annually in South Africa.

Different types of global events

1. Sporting events
- Sports tourism is a multi- billion rand industry and strongly impacts on the global
economy and on the economy of the country hosting the global event.
- The people responsible for most of the economic impact of sporting events are
the spectators, who come from different countries and spend money on transport,
accommodation, meals at restaurants, and tickets for matches, and visits to
secondary tourists’ attractions.
- The Olympic Games is the largest sporting event in the world, the FIFA Soccer
World Cup is the second largest sporting event, and the Tour de France cycling
event is the third sporting event in the world.
1.1. The Federation International Football Association (FIFA) World Cup
- This soccer tournament has a significant impact on both the global economy and
tourism.
- FIFA is the global governing body of football called soccer in the African countries
and has 208 member countries.

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- The event is held in a different country every four years.
- The 2022 FIFA World Cup was hosted by Qatar in Asia.
- The 2026 FIFA World Cup will be jointly hosted by United States of America,
Canada and Mexico in North America.
- This is the first time three nations will host the World Cup.
1.2. Wimbledon
- Wimbledon is a prestigious annual international tennis championship, played on
grass courts in the London suburb of Wimbledon.
- The tournament lasts for 13 days during June and July and attracts tennis players
from all over the world.
1.3. The Comrades Marathon
- The Comrades Marathon is the world’s largest ultra- marathon that takes place
annually in May or June between Pietermaritzburg and Durban in KwaZulu Natal.
- The direction of the race alternates each year between the ‘up run’ starting in
Durban and the ‘down run’ starting in Pietermaritzburg.
- It covers a distance of almost 90 km and every runner who completes the
distance within 12 hours receives a medal.
1.4. Tour de France
- This is an annual cycling race held mainly in France.
- In some years the race starts in another country, in 2012 it started in Belgium but
from stage 3 onwards it was in France.
1.5. Olympic Games
- The Olympic Games is so large that it has a significant economic impact on the
host city as well as the host country as a whole.
- The summer Olympic Games and the Winter Olympic Games are held every four
years.
- The Olympic Games attracts visitors from all over the world, visitors linked to the
games includes spectators, participants (athletes, coaches and team officials),
sponsors, and the media.

2. Other events
2.1. The G7 Summit
- The Group of Seven (G7) is a forum for the government of seven of the world’s
largest economies.

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- It includes the following countries:
 France
 United states of America
 United Kingdom
 Germany
 Japan
 Italy
 Canada
- Each year a different member state hosts the G8 summit.
- In recent years the Plus Five countries participated as guests, this included the
following countries: Brazil, People’s Republic of China, India, Mexico, and South
Africa.
- The meeting brings ministers responsible for various portfolios together to
discuss issues of global concerns.
- Topics include health, law enforcement, labour, economic and social
development, foreign affairs, justice, terrorism, and trade.
- Global climate change and the lack of economic development in Africa were
recent important issues at the meetings. COP 17 (The Conference of the
Parties).
2.2. Summit in climate change
- Summit on climate change tries to find ways to cut down on global carbon
emissions and pollution.
- In 2000 the Southern African Economic Summit was held in Durban.
- The marketing impact of the summits will probably lead to increased tourism and
increased investments, as well as trade in the host country.
2.3. Tourism Indaba.
- The word indaba is an IsiZulu word meaning a meeting of elders.
- Nowadays it is used as a general term for meetings, exhibitions and conferences.
- The Tourism Indaba is South Africa’s Tourism showcase and is the largest
incoming travel trade exhibition in Africa and is lead annually during May in
Durban.

Positive impacts of Global events on International tourism

pg. 3
- The improvement of infrastructure
- Job creation for local people
- Generation of foreign exchange income
- Multiplier effect will be in motion
- Making foreigners and locals aware of local culture.
- Large influx of international visitors

Negative impact of global events on international tourism

- Pollution will be generated

- An increase in crime
- Excessive price increases
- Disintegration of culture
- Host countries spend vast amounts of money preparing for global events.

Advantages and disadvantages of hosting a global event on the host country

Advantages for the host country Disadvantages for the host country

- Development and improvement of - Facilities built for the event, may not
infrastructure such as roads. be suitable for domestic use after the
event

- Generation of foreign exchange - During the event the host country

income could be a target for terrorists

- Puts the host country in a positive - Pollution of areas in and around the
contexts for increased foreign places used during the event
investments
- Large number of employment - People could lose their jobs after the
opportunities, e.g. construction event
workers.
- Rural development could take place - The event may create problems for
as a result of the event members of the general population
who are not interested in the event.

- Multiplier effect will be in motion - Host countries spend huge amount of

pg. 4
 money preparing for the event, it
might take a long time for the country
to pay off this debt.

TOURISM NOTES
GRADE 12
TERM 1 WEEK 3

Political Situations and Unforeseen Occurrences of International significance

1. Political situations
- Political situations are events that are linked to political circumstances within a
country, for example civil war, terrorism and general unrest.
2. Unforeseen occurrences
- Unforeseen occurrences are events that happen without any warning.
- For example tsunamis, earthquakes, natural disasters, outbreaks of diseases,
accidents and economic upsets.

Examples of recent political situations

1. Civil war
- A civil war is a war between opposing groups of citizens of the same country.
- Civil war has a negative impact on tourism in affected countries even if no tourist
is physically harmed or killed during the war.
2. Terrorism
- Terrorism is the use of violent acts to achieve a political goal.
- Terrorists often use violence and threats to create fear among the public, to try to
convince people their government is powerless.
3. General unrest
- General unrest is an uneasy or troubled condition.
- The strikes most commonly affecting tourism include those by transport staff,
such as employees of airlines and airports, train and bus services.

Examples of unforeseen occurrences

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1. Tsunamis
- A Tsunami is a series of very large ocean waves caused by an underwater
earthquake or volcanic eruption.
- The large waves damage infrastructure, buildings, attractions, coastlines and
beaches.
- Many of the airlines that serve a country where a Tsunami has occurred make
schedule changes, cancel flights and reroute flights.
2. Earthquakes
- An Earthquake is a sudden and violent shaking of the ground.
- They are caused by movements within the Earth’s crust or volcanic activity.
- Earthquake can damage attractions and infrastructure, for example roads,
airports and railway lines.
- Tourists tend to avoid areas of recent earthquake activity for fear of aftershocks
and more earthquakes.
3. Natural disasters
- A natural disaster is an event caused by the forces of nature.
- For example flood, tornado, hurricane, volcanic eruption or landslide.
- Floods can cause damage to attractions, airports, roads and railways.
4. Global Recession
- A Global recession is a period of general economic decline.
- It is a period when many countries’ economies from all over the globe, are not
successful.
- Economic health has a direct impact on tourism demand.
- An economic recession results in consumers spending less money, particularly
on essential activities like travel.
5. Diseases
- A disease is an abnormal condition which interrupts the normal bodily functions.
- It often leads to feelings of pain and weakness, and is usually associated with
certain symptoms.
- Diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, and more recently bird flu and swine flu,
not only make travelling difficult and expensive, but also make people fearful of
visiting certain areas.
6. Accidents
- Transport accidents can have a negative impact on tourist numbers.
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- Accidents involving air, sea, road, or rail transport can affect the safety image of a
destination.
- An accident involving visitors can make headline news in the countries of origin of
the tourists. Such media attention can negatively affect the decisions of potential
tourists to travel to the area where the accident occurred.

7. Economic upsets
- Economic upsets occurs when tourism establishments such as hotels and
tourists attractions can experience financial trouble or difficulty as a results of low
visitor numbers.
- They may then have to borrow money to pay staff and maintain facilities.
- In the long term it could result in the business being unable to pay back their
loans and having to close down.

The impact of Political situations and unforeseen occurrences on international

tourism and the economy of the affected country

- Tour operators avoid booking trips to affected countries.

- Airlines suspend their flights to affected areas.
- Travellers who have already booked will, if possible, cancel their trips.
- Tourists who have not yet booked their trips will delay their bookings or will
choose to go elsewhere.
- Airlines rearrange their schedules due to the unrest.
- Affected countries start spending more money on security to protect tourists.

TOURISM NOTES
GRADE 12
TERM 1 WEEK 4,5&6

Tour Plans and Route Planning

- A tour plan indicates:

 The route the tour will follow
 The length of the tour

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  The mode of transport
 The type of accommodation
 The meals offered
 The places of interests and attractions visited
 Leisure time for the tourists
 The dates of the tour
 Costs of the tour (budget)

Types of tours

1. Packaged tour
- A packaged tour is also known as an inclusive tour.
- This is because the price is all inclusive, except personal costs such as telephone
calls.
- A packaged tour relieves tourists of the time and effort required for planning their
own tour.
- The itinerary of for packaged tour is planned in advance.
2. Escorted packaged tour
- A tour guide escorts the tour and takes care of all services from the beginning to
the end of the tour.
- This includes arrangements such as visits to attractions, hotel transfers, and
specific needs of each tour member.
3. Group packaged tour
- These tours are popular with first time travellers and for tourists who prefer to
travel in groups.
- The itinerary is set and cannot be changed.
- Organising for a large group of tourist makes the tour more affordable.
4. Independent packaged tour
- These tours are planned to meet the individual needs of the tourists.
- The itinerary is flexible and can be changed if necessary.
- These tours are ideal for independent tourists wanting to set their own pace of
travel and for those tourists who want to choose their own activities at the
destinations they visit.
5. Scheduled tours
- Scheduled tours have a timetable with a set departure and arrival times.

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- They take place on specific days and specific times, examples of scheduled tours
include a city sightseeing bus tour.
- Scheduled tours may also be seasonal, meaning that they are available only at
certain times of the year, for example whale watching along the Cape West
Coast.

Tourist Profile

- A tourist profile is a summary of personal information and facts relevant to tourist

wants and expectations.
- The development of a tour plan is based on the information in the tourist profile.

Available budget

- A tour budget is calculated using the costs of the different tour components.
- These costs will depend on how much money the tourists has, they include:
 Transport, including shuttle services
 Accommodation, including single supplement
 Meals
 Attractions, including entrance fees
 Additional costs, including gratuity

Available time

- When developing a tour plan, it is important to consider how much time a tourist
has available.
- The time required to see attractions, experience activities and to travel between
destinations must also be taken into account.
- Ways to ensure the best use of available time include:
 Avoid trying to fit too much into one day
 Have balance between scheduled activities and free time
 Allow leisure time for shopping opportunities and relaxation
 Consider the time it will take to travel from one place to another.

Route Planning

pg. 9
- Route planning involves choosing the best way to travel to all the destinations
identified in the tour plan.
- The following will help to develop a logical route plan:
 Knowledge of the geography of the region
 A variety of maps
 A GPS for options such as the shortest route
 Computers or smart phones to access to electronic maps and information
such as weather conditions.

Choice of transport and accommodation to suit customers’ needs and

preferences.

- South Africa is a large country and distances between destinations may be great.
- It is therefore important for travellers to select a mode of transport that suits the
distances to be travelled.
- Suitable en route accommodation must also be chosen.
1. Transport
- Tour plans use a variety of transport options for each leg of a tour.
- Examples of choice of transport to suite customers’ needs and preferences are
as follows:
 Cruise liner
 Airlines
 Bus
 Luxury train, such as the Blue train or Rovos rail
- A customer’s choice of transport may also be influenced by their concern for the
environment and their need to be environmentally responsible. Such a customer
may prefer rail transport as its greenhouse gas emission is less than road or air
transport.
2. Accommodation
- Examples of the choice of accommodation to suite customers’ needs and
preferences are as follows:
 Backpacker hostel
 B&B
 Bush camp

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  Campsite
 Economy Hotel
 Luxury game lodge
 Guest house
 Traditional hut

Factors that influence the type of establishment chosen by tourists

- The type of accommodation required

- The quality of accommodation required
- The availability of the accommodation
- The tourist’s budget

Choice of tourist attractions and activities to suite tourist’ profile

- Tour plans often select a destination because of the attractions and activities
found there.

Attractions

- When planning a tour the interests and preferences of the customers will
determine the choice of attractions.

Activities

- The popularity of a tour plan depends on the activities that available at the
attraction sites and destinations.
- Tourists enjoy and remember a tour if they participate in and experience these
activities.

Compiling a day by day itinerary

- A tour plan gives information about a tour but does not give all the necessary
details.
- The specific, detailed information is presented in an itinerary.
- An itinerary in a written day by day schedule of the dates, time, transport,
accommodation, and activities that will make up the trip.
- It is helpful to the tourists as it contains all the travel details.

pg. 11
 Difference between General and Personal itinerary

- A general itinerary is an itinerary that is drawn up for a group of people; it is

fixed and individual needs and preferences are not catered.
- A personal itinerary is an itinerary that is drawn up for an individual tourist and
takes into account their specific needs and preferences.

Main aspects of an itinerary

- Transport
- Accommodation
- Attraction
- Activities
- budget

Drawing up itineraries according to different scenarios

Day Time Transport Accommodation Attraction Activity Budget

The difference between Linier and circular route

- Circular route: refers to the route that starts (begins) and ends in the same place
(location)
- Linier route: refers to the route that starts and ends in different places (location)

Compiling a tour budget

- A tour budget is a document that specifies all the costs of a tour.

- The costs include those of the different tour components ad those to each
component.
- For example, a toll fee is a cost related to transport, while a permit fee is a cost
related to attractions.

Factors influencing the development of a budget

pg. 12
1. The type of tour
- Tours booked in advance, and group tours, can negotiate discounts and reduced
prices. An example is a packaged tour.
- Escorted packaged tours have the cost of the fee of the tour guide, who escorts
the tour, this adds to the budget.
- An independent packaged tour will increase a tour budget, because it is more
flexible as it is planned to meet the specific needs of an individual tourists.

2. The tour group

- This refers to the specific type of tourist, or group tourists, for whom the tour is
developed.
- The needs of people from different countries will vary, so meeting these needs
will add to the cost of the tour. For example food related needs, such as a
preference for a halaal, kosher or vegetarian diet.
3. Transport
- Transport is one of the most expensive components of a tour.
- The mode selected for the tour will depend on the type of tour and the tourist
budget.
- Examples include road, air, rail, and water.
4. Accommodation
- It is important to determine how much the tourist is prepared to pay for
accommodation, and what standard of accommodation they require.
- Families may prefer self-catering accommodation, while budget travellers may
opt for caravan and camping accommodation.
- A backpacker or hostel is suitable for young budget travellers, while wealthy
tourists requiring formal service accommodation will prefer a 5- star or 4 star
hotels, or a luxury game lodge.
5. Sundry expenses
- Sundry expenses refer to a variety of small costs.
- Sundry expenses also affect the tour budget, this will vary according to the type
of tour and the facilities and services offered.
- Examples of sundry expenses include:
 Airport tax, which covers passenger charges including landing and parking
fees at the airport.

pg. 13
  Entrance fees charged by attractions such as shows, theme parks, natural
reserves, campsites and activity sites.
 Travel insurance to cover situations such as medical emergencies, loss or
theft of luggage or personal items.
 Meals not included in the tour package. Some tours provide only bed and
breakfast.

TOURISM

TERM 1

GRADE 12

WEEK 8 & 9

Topic: Map work and tour planning

Content: Health and Safety

Health tourists

- Tourists are exposed to infectious diseases when they travel.

- Tourist’s health is at risk where accommodation, hygiene, sanitation, and medical
services are of poor quality, and clean water is unavailable.
- To protect their health and reduce the risk of contracting diseases, tourists needs
to take suitable precautions before leaving home, during their travel, and on their
return home.
- South Africa’s port health services, vaccination requirements and disinfection
measures help to prevent the spread of disease.

Concepts related to health

1. World Health Organisation (WHO)

pg. 14
- WHO is the United Nations authority for global health matters.
- The mission of the organisation is ‘the attainment by all peoples of the highest
possible level of health’.
- WHO tries to accomplish this by working closely with countries to improve the
standard of health and to save lives during an outbreak of disease.
- An outbreak of disease can cause a crisis for a country or even the world. If this
happens WHO announces health warning regarding infections and outbreaks of
diseases.

The main objectives of WHO

- Ensure that countries apply preventative measures at ports airports.

- Ensure that countries use internationally approved health certificates such as
vaccination certificates.
- Ensure that countries notify countries of any event that may result in a public
health emergency.
- Ensure that countries implement the recommendations should WHO identify
health emergency situation.
- Ensure that support for affected countries is provided.

2. Health certificates
- A Health Certificate is an official document that is issued and signed by a health
authority to confirm that an individual has received the vaccine as indicated on
the certificate.
3. Travel clinics
- Travel clinic is a clinic specialising in providing for the health care needs of
tourists.

pg. 15
- Travel clinics are more likely to recognise and diagnose exotic diseases than a
local doctor as they specialise in infectious resulting from travel.
- Travels clinics are located in cities and at airports.
- Travel clinics provide up to date specialised international travel healthcare.
- This include:
 Free advice on high risk areas and worldwide disease outbreaks
 International inoculation certificates
 Vaccines including yellow fever
 Preventative medication, for example malaria medication
 Post travel diagnosis and treatment

4. Vaccinations
- Vaccination is a measure taken to reduce the possibility of contracting a disease
when travelling to high risk destinations.
- A vaccination programme should start at least six weeks before departure as
some vaccines are not effective immediately.
 Compulsory vaccinations
- The WHO decides which vaccinations are compulsory.
- Compulsory vaccinations: refers to vaccination that is enforced and entry to a
country may be refused if a health certificate showing proof of the vaccination is
not available.
 Recommended vaccination
- These vaccinations are not enforced but are recommended as a precaution to
safeguard the health of tourists in high risk areas.
- Individual countries decide what vaccinations to include as recommended.

Precautions to take when travelling to high- risk destinations

- Destinations are considered high- risk if they are in regions that pose a threat to
the health of tourist.
- Areas where malaria, bilharzia and cholera are found are high risk destinations
for these diseases.
- A tourist, travelling to a malaria- infected area, may be less at risk in a 5- star
game lodge than when camping out in the open.

pg. 16
Malaria

- Malaria is a potentially fatal disease transmitted by the bite of certain

mosquitoes.
- There is no vaccine available and prevention relies on measures to reduce bites,
and taking anti malaria medication.
- Malaria is often seasonal, for example the Kruger National Park is malaria free in
winter.

Precautions that tourists can take when travelling in malaria- infected areas

- Avoid being outdoors at night

- Sleeping under a mosquito net
- Burning insecticide coils
- Using electronic vaporising mats
- Avoid dark damp places
- Spraying sleeping areas with mosquito repellent
- Wearing clothes that covers much of the body

Bilharzia

- Bilharzia is a disease caused by parasites that contaminate fresh water,

especially when infected people urinate in the water.
- Bilharzia is also known as schistosomiasis.
- It can be treated safely and effectively.

Precautions that tourists can take when travelling in areas known to have
bilharzia

- Avoid swimming in dams and rivers

- Drink only boiled water
- Bath in hot water that is at least 65 ºc, to destroy possible parasites on the skin

Cholera

- Cholera is a bacterial disease transmitted mainly through contamination of food

and water in areas where there is poor sanitation and hygiene.

pg. 17
Precautions that tourists can take when travelling in areas known to have
Cholera

- Drinking boiled water

- Food must be well cooked and eaten hot
- Avoid undercooked or raw fish
- Swim only in chlorinated swimming pools
- Avoid foods and beverages from street vendors

Vaccinations required for entering/ leaving areas of high risk

- Proof of vaccination is often required for tourists travelling into or from countries
with a high risk of an infectious disease.
- Some countries require proof of vaccination from all tourists.

Compulsory yellow fever vaccination

- Yellow fever is flu- like viral infection spread by mosquito bites.

- It can be fatal and tourists are at risk when travelling in a region where the
disease is endemic.
- Yellow fever is the only disease in the International Health Regulations, for which
proof of vaccination may be required as a condition of entry to a country.
- A valid yellow fever health certificate is required from all tourists older than one
year.

Recommended vaccination

- Hepatitis is a disease that affects the liver.

- Tourists are at risk of getting Hepatitis A by eating food or drinking water that has
been contaminated with faeces.
- Engaging is unsafe sex may result in contracting Hepatitis B.

TB and HIV and AIDS risks for inbounds tourists

- Inbounds tourists are at higher risk of contracting TB and HIV and AIDS when
they travel.
- Reasons include:
 Having closer contact with other people

pg. 18
The risk of TB for inbound tourists

- Tuberculosis (TB) is a preventable and curable infectious bacterial disease.

- As TB is an airborne infection, direct contact with infected people increases the
risk of infection.
- Examples of behaviours of inbound tourists that increase the risk of contracting
TB include:
 Using overcrowded, public transport and accommodation
 Spending time in poorly ventilated environments.

The risk of HIV and AIDS for inbound tourists

- Tourists must be aware of the risk of HIV and AIDS when they travel as there is
no vaccine available to prevent infection.
- In the SADC region, Botswana, Swaziland and South Africa are high risk
countries.
- Inbound tourists are at risk of HIV and AIDS if they:
 Engage in unsafe sex with fellow tourist
 Do not use condom when engaging in sex
 Use alcohol and drugs which may impair their judgement
 Use contaminated non-sterilised syringes or needles for skin piercing.

Recommended health precautions when visiting health risk areas

- Drink bottled water and eat uncontaminated food.

 To ensure that the drinking water is safe
 To avoid risk of becoming sick
 To prevent dehydration
- Carry first aid kit, apply sun block
 To protect against sunburn
 To protect too much exposure to the sun
 To avoid health related issues.
- Have repellents and medication available
- Prevent HIV

pg. 19
Ways to protect sun exposure at the beach

- Use sunblock with a high sun protection factor (SPF)

- Wear protective hats/ clothing/ sunglasses
- Stay hydrated
- Limit exposure to the sun during the hottest part of the day
- Hire umbrellas or other protective structures, e.g., gazebos.

General safety precautions for tourists

- Tourists are more vulnerable to crime related incidents than the local population
because:
 Are easily identified as they often carry cameras and maps.
 Are not able to speak local language
 Are not aware of criminal hot spots

Safety precautions when travelling in a car

- Avoid giving strangers a lift

- Do not stop to ask strangers directions
- Have an up to date road map to avoid getting lost
- Make sure there is enough fuel
- Take a short break every two hours to avoid driving fatigue
- Drive with doors locked and windows closed
- Have important phone numbers in case of an emergency

Safety precautions out in public places/ in the street

- Do not walk alone

- Avoid isolated areas
- Avoid displays of expensive jewellery.
- Keep handbags closed
- Avoid carrying large sums of cash
- Do not ask strangers to help with photographs
- Avoid areas that may be unsafe.

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Safety precautions in hotel rooms

- Store valuables in the safe in the bedroom.

- Always keep doors locked and windows closed.
- Only accept assistance from hotel staff.
- Lock the when in the room and when leaving the room.
- Take note of emergency exits.

Safety precautions at the airport

- Do not ask directions from strangers

- Never leave luggage unattended
- Make sure bags and luggage are securely locked
- Stay alert, as distractions could be the plan of thieves
- Be careful when using ATM machines, do not accept help from strangers

Safety precautions when going out after dark

- Avoid going out after dark

- Avoid isolated areas
- Always walk in group, do not walk alone
- Do not try to fight off muggers

Travel documentation

- Tourists need travel documents to gain entry into a country for security, health,
safety, and identification.

The following travel documents are required for entry into a country:

- Passport
- Visa
- Health certificate for some countries

Required travel documents

1. Valid passport
- A passport is an internationally recognised travel document that confirms the
identity and nationality of a person.

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- Different kinds of passports:
 Tourist passports that consists of 32 pages
 Maxi tourist passports with 48 pages for frequent travellers
 Official passports
 Diplomatic passports
 Temporary passports.
 An official passport
- An official passport is issued to someone who is travelling internationally on
official business for the country.
- It is also called service passport
- An official passport usually has a different colour from regular passport.
 A diplomatic passport
- A diplomatic passport is issued to someone who will travel internationally on
official state business.
- Is issued to diplomats and consuls when they are posted to a foreign country.
- May be a different colour from other types of passport.
 A temporary passport
- A temporary passport is issued to South African citizens who have applied for a
regular passport but need to travel urgently before the regular passport can be
issued.
- It is not accepted in all countries.
- Valid for 12 months from the date of issue.
- A South African passport is valid for ten years from the date of issue and is
required for all international travel. Password cannot be renewed, once expired
travellers must apply for a new password.
- South African passport include the following information:
 Photo of the passport holder
 The type of passport
 The passport number
 The names and surname of the passport holder
 The issue and expiry date
 Personal particulars such as gender, birth date, and place of birth.

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 Visa
- Visa is a travel document that gives travellers permission to travel, remain in
transit, or enter a foreign country for a specific of time.

Different types of visas

- Visitor visa (VFR, study, work, medical, volunteer)
- Transit visa (tourists en route to other countries)
- Diplomatic visa (diplomatic passport holders on official work)
- Courtesy visa (issued to distinguished visitors by the Department of International
Relations and Cooperation (DIRCO))
- Official visa (for official passport holders for official purposes).
- Schengen visa: is a visa that allows travellers to enter multiple countries of
Europe using a single visa.
- The Schengen countries are all in Europe: Australia, Belgium, Germany, Finland,
Greece, etc.) Travelling on a Schengen visa means that a person can travel to all
of the member countries using a single visa.
- Advantages of Schengen visa
 Schengen visa grants access to multiple Europe countries.
 It saves time to apply for a Schengen visa instead of applying for separate
visas.
 It saves money to apply for a Schengen visa as only a single payment is
made.
- A visa application must be made at the embassy or consulate of the country to
be visited. Travellers can also visit visa application website and complete
application form.
 Health certificate
- A health certificate is an official document that is issued and signed by a health
authority to confirm that an individual has received the vaccine as indicated on
the certificate.
- A yellow fever health certificate is compulsory for all tourists travelling into or from
a high risk yellow fever area.

Requirements for tourists travelling between countries

- A valid passport
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- A valid visa
- A yellow fever health certificate

An international driver’s permit (IDP)

- An International Driver’s Permit (IDP) is a permit for motorist to drive in a foreign

country.
- The IDP is only valid when accompanied by an original valid driver’s license.

How to obtain an IDP

- Tourists who intend driving in a foreign country must apply for an IDP.
- The Automobile Association of South Africa (AA) has the authority to issue the
permit.

Concepts

- All travellers arriving at South Africa’s ports of entry, whether by land, sea or air,
are required to pass through immigration control before collecting their
baggage.
- The South African Department of Home Affairs provides service.
- Travellers then pass through customs control where their baggage may be X-
rayed by customs officers.
- This is done to detect dutiable (subject to duty fees), restricted or prohibited
goods (not allowed by law).
- This is the responsibility of the South African Revenue Service (SARS).
1. Duty free goods
- Duty free goods are goods that travellers are allowed to bring into South Africa
without paying customs duty or VAT.
- Examples include:
 200 cigarettes and 20 cigars
 250g of cigarette or pipe tobacco
 50ml perfume and 250ml eau de toilette
 Two litres of wine
 One litre of spirits and other alcoholic beverages.

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2. Prohibited goods
- Prohibited goods are goods that travellers are not allowed by law to bring into
South Africa.
- In other words, it is illegal to bring such goods into the country.
- Examples of Prohibited goods include:
 Drugs
 Any poison or toxic substance
 Unlawful reproductions of any works subject to copyright
- Officials use detector dogs to discover unlawful items that travellers may have in
their baggage.
3. Restricted goods
- These are good that are allowed to enter into a country but on a certain limit.
4. Green channel
- Green channel is a channel selected by travellers when they have no goods to
declare.
- In other words, they have no prohibited or restricted goods, and no goods in
excess of the duty free allowances.

- Reasons for selecting Green channel

 Carrying items that don’t need to be declared
 Carrying items that don’t exceed the duty free allowance
5. Red Channel
- Red channel is a channel selected by travellers when they have goods to
declare.
- Reasons for selecting Red channel
 Carrying items that need to be declared
 Carrying items that exceed the duty free allowance
 Need to pay tax on items that exceeded the duty free allowance.

Goods to declare

- Currency, bank notes in excess of R 10 000

- Endangered plants and animals, death or alive
- Firearms
- Consumable goods in excess of the duty free allowances

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