VICE AND DRUG EDUCATION AND CONTROL

Drugs
• Any chemically active substance rendering a specific effect on the central nervous system of man.
• A chemical substance that affects the functions of living cells and alters body or mind processes when taken
into the body or applied through the skin.
• Any chemical substance, other than food, which is intended for used in the diagnosis, treatment, cure,
mitigation or prevention of disease or symptoms.
• In Pharmacology, drug is a chemical substance used in treatment, cure, prevention and diagnosis of disease.

The term drug derives from the 14th century French word DROGUE, which means a dry substance, then derived
later into DROGE-VATE from Dutch word meaning dry barrels.

PHARMACOLOGY – is a branch of medicine concerns with compositions, actions and effects of drugs into the body.

Medicine – A drug use to cure any symptoms of an illness

THREE CATEGORIES IN DISPENSING OF MEDICINES:

1. Over the Counter (OTC) – medicines which are readily available in the drugstores or pharmaceuticals and
supermarkets without special restrictions (ex. Vitamins).
2. Behind the Counter (BTC) – Medicines which are dispensed by the pharmacist even without doctor’s prescription.
(ex. Insulin..)
3. Prescription Only Medicine (POM) – medicines which are prescribed by a licensed physician. (ex. Strong opioid
(morphine related) painkillers)

When are drugs harmful?

Any drug may be harmful when taken in:
- Excess;
- Dangerous combinations;
- By hypersensitive (allergic) person

CLASSIFICATION OF DRUG USERS/ABUSERS

1. Situational User – those who use drugs to keep them awake or for additional energy to perform an important
work;
2. Spree User – User who take drugs for adventure, daring experience, or a means of fun;
3. Hardcore addicts – Those whose activities revolve almost entirely around drug use and securing supplies. They
show strong psychological dependence on drug;
4. Hippies – Those who are addicted to drugs believing that the drug is an integral part of life.

CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS ACCORDING TO CRITERIA

1. Herbal Drugs – drugs come from plants, and were one of the first drugs used by mankind. These were used for
many centuries for healing, for recreation, and in religious ceremonies.

The Chinese were instrumental in developing a field of herbal medicine that continued to be an integral part
of their everyday lives.

2. Over the Counter Drugs (OTC) - OTC drugs is the second oldest class of medicinal drugs commercially made
and sold legally. This class of drugs was originated in London in the early 17th century.

3. Prescription Drugs - Are commercially produced drugs that are prescribed by a physician, dentist, or veterinarian.

4. Unrecognized Drugs - These drugs have psychoactive drug effects, but people do not generally think of these
substances as drugs. (e.g. coffee, tea, tobacco, alcohol and others.)

5. Illicit drugs
-Drugs that are prohibited by law to be sold.

CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS ACCORDING TO PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS

1. Stimulants – Also called uppers, it increases mental and or physical function. It is a substance that raises level
of physiological or nervous activity.
2. Depressants – Also called downers, a drug reducing functional nervous activity. It lowers the level of arousal when
taken.
3. Hallucinogens – Also called psychedelics, a drug that causes hallucinations. Psychoactive drugs that cause
subjective change in perception, thought, emotion and consciousness.
4. Narcotics/Opiates – Drugs derived from opium. These are drugs that medically potent pain killers, cough
suppressant and active component of anti-diarrhea preparations.

LEGAL CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS

1. Prohibited Drugs - Drugs which are prohibited by the law to be sold.
2. Regulated Drugs – A drugs which are normally legal, and prescribed by the doctor.
DRUGS ACCORDING TO PHARMACOLOGY
1. Depressant
2. Stimulant
3. Narcotics
4. Tranquilizers
5. Hallucinogens
6. Solvents/Inhalants

DRUGS COMMONLY ABUSED

1. STIMULANT - Drug that excite the central nervous system, increasing alertness, decreasing fatigue, delaying
sleep, also decrease appetite and cause weight loss.

A. Methamphetamine hydrochloride OR SHABU - also known as “poor man’s cocaine”. Other names are
Shabu, Meth, Ice, Crank, Bato, Ubas, Siopao, Sha and Ice.
- Shabu is a white, odorless crystal or crystalline powder with a bitter numbing taste.

Ephedrine is the main ingredient of Methamphetamine Hydrochloride, causing brain damage.

The other components are the following:

1. Toluene (used as chemical used for paints, adhesives, etc.)
2. Acetone (used as nail cleaner)
3. Lithium batteries (cancer causing component)
4. Battery acid (corrosive chemical)
5. Drain cleaner (Liquid soap)
6. Hydrochloric acid (muriatic acid)
7. Chloroform (cancer causing solvent)
-Methamphetamine HCL was discovered in Japan in 1919.
-In U.S. , it was produced and sold under the trade name Desoxyn. Used for Narcolepsy and Attention Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder.

B. Cocaine – an agent that produces a temporary increase of the functional activity or efficiency of an
Organism or any of its parts. Street names – Coke, Snow, Flake, Bow

Cocaine - is a drug from the leaves of the Coca plant known as Erythroxylon Coca , cultivated in South
America. This drug affects the central nervous system as a stimulant, an appetite suppressant. In its pure form, is
also white and made up of shiny, colorless crystal.
The effect of cocaine is similar to those of amphetamine, only more intense and shorter duration. It is one of
the strongest short acting stimulants that last only 15 to 20 minutes.

2. Opiates/Narcotic - Group of drugs that are used medically to relieve pain, but have a high potential for abuse.
In medicine, the term opiate describes any of the narcotic opioid alkaloids found as natural products in
the opium poppy plant, Papaver somniferum.

Narcotic – substance that lessens pain and/or induces stupor.

a. Opium – is the dried latex obtained from the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum). Opium contains up to
12% morphine, an alkaloid, which is frequently processed chemically to produce heroin. The latex also
includes codeine.

Opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, is the species of plant from which opium and poppy seeds are
derived. Opium is the source of many narcotics, including morphine (and its
derivative heroin), thebaine, codeine, papaverine and noscapine. The Latin botanical name means the "sleep-
bringing poppy", referring to the sedative properties of some of these opiates.

b. Morphine – is a potent opiate analgesic drug that is used to relieve severe pain. It was first isolated in
1804 by Friedrich Serturner, first distributed by him in 1817, and first commercially sold by Merck in 1827.
It took its name from the Greek god of dreams Morpheus. The most abundant alkaloid found in Opium, the
dried sap (latex) derived from shallowly slicing the unripe seedpods of the opium, or common and/or edible, poppy.
Morphine can usually be found in tablet form, a syrup, injection or as a suppository form. Morphine is usually
taken orally via a syrup, tablet or capsule, however, it can come in an injectable form.

c. Heroin – is processed from morphine, a naturally occurring substance extracted from the seed pod of
certain varieties of poppy plants.
It is typically sold as a white or brownish powder or as the black sticky substance known on the streets as
"black tar heroin”.

The name Heroin was derived from German word ‘Heroish” which means heroic and powerful. It was first marketed
by Bayer in 1890 as cough suppressant.

d. Codeine - Also known as Methyl morphine. It is similar to morphine, but its effect is weaker in intensity. It
is also available in tablet or powder form. It was isolated from morphine in the year 1832.
3. Hallucinogens - Drugs that are derived from plants chemical substances which affects the perception, sensation,
behavior and produces hallucination on the user.

Common Types of Hallucinogens

a. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) - A compound produced from lysergic acid, a crystalline substance derived
from the fungus claviceps purpurea which infects wheat. It was discovered by De. Albert Hoffman while working in a
Swiss Pharmaceutical company.

b. Psilocybin - Hallucinogenic compound obtained in mushroom, psilocybe mexicana.

c. Phencyclidine (PCP) - Considered as a menace and highly dangerous drug because it can be easily synthesized,
this drug has no medical purpose for humans but it is occasionally used by veterinaries as an anesthetic and sedative
for animals. It is popularly known as angel dust.

d. Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or commonly known as "Ecstasy", "X-TC", "Adam", "Eden

Tablet", or by its any other name - refers to the drug having such chemical composition, including any of its isomers
or derivatives in any form; MDMA can induce euphoria, a sense of intimacy with others, and diminished anxiety.

e. CANNABIS

Marijuana - is the term used to describe all the plant material like leaves, tops, stems, flowers and roots
from a cannabis plant (Cannabis sativa), dried and prepared for smoking or taken orally as “brownies”. It is a Mexican
term meaning pleasurable feeling. The primary active ingredient /mind altering component is the
tetrahydrocannabinol, which induces relaxation and heightens the senses. The Cannabis is also known as Ganja
in its herbal form. Marijuana plant was first introduced in the Philippines by the Americans at Pasay City in 1955

4. DEPRESSANTS - It is also called downers, a drug that reduces nervous activity. It lowers the level of arousal
when taken.

Three categories of Depressants

1. Hypnotics – induces sleep
2. Sedatives – Do not induce sleep but produce a relaxing effect to help one fall sleep.
3. Tranquilizers – alleviate anxiety, tension and relax muscles. (Valium)

5. Inhalants - drugs whose volatile vapors are taken in via the nose and trachea. Includes solvents, bases and
aerosol, rugby, gasoline, hair spray, lighter fluid and air freshener

OTHER DANGEROUS DRUGS

Ketamine - is an anesthetic that is abused for its hallucinogenic properties. Its predominant legitimate use is as a
veterinary anesthetic. It can cause dream-like states and hallucinations. Users report sensations ranging from a
pleasant feeling of floating to being separated from their bodies. Some ketamine experiences involve a terrifying
feeling of almost complete sensory detachment that is likened to a near-death experience.

Amphetamines - is a psycho-stimulant drug of the phenethylamine class that produces

increased wakefulness and focus in association with decreased fatigue and appetite.
– Drug that is stimulant to the central nervous system. It is colorless and maybe inhaled, injected or swallowed. It
may be used medically to treat depression, and obesity
Amphetamine was first synthesized in 1887 in Germany, initially called Phenylesopropylamine. It was initially
marketed as Benzedrine, an over the counter inhaler to treat nasal congestion.
- During World War II, it was wildly used as stimulants to keep fighting men going.

Bangkok Pills - These are appetite suppressants, but at the same time they act as a diuretic (induces urination to
remove water from the body) because of the furosemide.

ROUTES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION

1) Orally - Taken by the mouth and must pass through the stomach before being absorbed in the bloodstream.
2) Inhalation - Drug in gaseous from enters the lungs and is quickly absorbed by the capillary system.
3) Injection - Administered into the body by the use of a stringe or hypodhermic needle.

4) Snorting - Inhalation through the nose of drugs in gaseous form.

5) Buccal - Drugs is administered by placing it in the buccal cavity just under the lips.
6) Rectally – (as suppository) – drugs are absorbed by colon or rectum.

Different methods of drug testing

There are a number of different bodily specimens that can be chemically tested to detect evidence of recent
drug use.
1. Urine is the most commonly used specimen for illicit drugs, and
2. Breath is the most common for alcohol.
Urine: Results of a urine test show the presence or absence of drug metabolites in a person’s urine.
Metabolites are drug residues that remain in the body for some time after the effects of a drug have worn
off. It is important to note that a positive urine test does not necessarily mean a person was under the influence of
drugs at the time of the test.
Rather, it detects and measures use of a particular drug within the previous few days.

Blood: A blood test measures the actual amount of alcohol or other drugs in the blood at the time of the test. Blood
samples provide an accurate measure of the physiologically active drug present in a person at the time the sample
is drawn.

There is also a very short detection period, as most drugs are quickly cleared from the blood and deposited
into the urine.

Hair: Analysis of hair provides a much longer “testing window,” giving a more complete drug-use history going back
as far as 90 days.
Like urine testing, hair testing does not provide evidence of current impairment, but rather only past use of a
specific drug.
Hair testing cannot be used to detect for alcohol use. Hair testing is the least invasive form of drug testing.

Oral Fluids: Saliva, or oral fluids, collected from the mouth also can be used to detect traces of drugs and alcohol.
Oral fluids are easy to collect (a swab of the inner cheek is the most common collection method), harder to
adulterate or substitute, and may be better at detecting specific substances, including marijuana, cocaine and
amphetamines/methamphetamines. Because drugs do not remain in oral fluids as long as they do in urine, this
method shows promise in determining current use and impairment.

How long are drugs in one’s system?

Drugs have certain “detection windows”— the amount of time after ingestion during which evidence of their
use can be detected by a drug test. For instance, alcohol is absorbed and eliminated more quickly than other
drugs. Other drugs are eliminated from the system at different rates and thus detectable for different periods of time,
often long after the drug's effect has worn off.

IMPORTANT TERMS

THREAPEUTICS - Use of drugs in treating and preventing disease and in preserving health.

DRUG ABUSE - Deliberate or unintentional continuous of mind changing chemical substances usually for reasons
other than legitimate medical purposes, that results in any degree of physical, mental.

ABSTINENCE - Cessation of use of a psycho-active substance previously abused, or on which the user developed
drug dependence.

DRUG ABUSE
• Is the overuse or consumption of drugs other than for medical reasons.
• Any non-medical use of drugs that cause physical, psychological, legal, economic, or social damage to the
user or to the people affected by the user’s behavior.
• Using drugs without prescription.
• Abuse of drugs and other substances can lead to physical and psychological dependence.

POLY DRUG ABUSE - Use of two or more psycho-active substance in quantities and with frequencies that cause
the individual significant physiological, psychological, or sociological distress or impairment.

REHABILITATION - Restoration of an optimum state of health by medical, physical, psychological, social and
peer group support for a chemically dependent person and his significant others.

DRUG ADDICT - Person who is physically dependent on one or more psycho-active substances, or whose long term
use has produce tolerance, who has lost control over his intake, and would manifest withdrawal symptoms if
discontinuance were to occur.

DRUG ADDICTION - A chronic disorder characterized by the compulsive use of a substance resulting in physical,
psychological, or social harm to the user and continued use despite of that harm.

OVERDOSE - The inadvertent of deliberate consumption of much larger doses that the habitually used by the
individual in question and resulting in serious toxic reaction or death.

TOLERANCE - Physiological adaptation to the effects of drugs so as diminish the effects with constant dosages or
to maintain the intensity and duration of effects through increased dosage.

TREATMENT -Application of planned procedures to identify and change patterns of behavior that are mal-adoptive,
destructive, health injuring or to restore appropriate levels of physical, psychological or social functioning.

CLANDESTINE LABORATORY - Any facility used for the illegal manufacture of any dangerous drug.

CULTIVATE OR CULTURE - Any act of knowingly planting, growing, raising, or permitting the planting, growing or
raising of any plant which is source of a dangerous drug.
ADMINISTER - Any act of introducing any dangerous drug into the body of any person, with or without his/her
knowledge, by injection, inhalation, ingestion or other means.

CHEMICAL DIVERSION - Sale, distribution, supply or transport of legitimately imported, in transit, manufactured or
procured controlled precursors and essential chemicals.

DELIVER - Any act of knowingly passing a dangerous drug to another, personally or otherwise, and by any means,
with or without consideration.

DEN, DIVE, RESORT - Place where any dangerous drug and essential chemical is administered, delivered, stored
for illegal purposes.

DRUG SYNDICATE - Any organized group of two or more persons forming or joining together with the intention of
committing any offense prescribed in RA 9165.

PRACTITIONER - Any person who is a licensed physician, dentist, chemist, medical technologist, nurse, midwife,
veterinarian or pharmacist in the Philippines.

ILLEGAL TRAFFICKING - Illegal cultivation, culture, delivery, administration, dispensation, manufacture, sale
trading, transportation, distribution, importation, exportation and possession of any dangerous drugs.

PLANTING OF EVIDENCE - Willful act by any person of maliciously and surreptitiously inserting, placing, adding or
attaching directly or indirectly, through any overt or covert act any dangerous drugs in the person, house, effects or
in the immediate vicinity of an innocent individual for the purpose of implicating, incriminating or imputing the
commission of any violation of RA 9165.

PUSHER - Any person who sells, trades, administers, dispense, delivers or gives away to another, distributes,
dispatches in transit or transports dangerous drugs or who acts as a broker.

USE - Any act of injecting, intravenously or intramuscularly, of consuming any dangerous drugs.

CONFINEMENT - Refers to the residential treatment and rehabilitation of trainees, clients and patients in a center.

CONFIRMATORY TEST - An analytical test using a device, tool or equipment with different chemical or physical
principle that is more specific which will validate and confirm the result of the screening test.

CONTROLLED DELIVERY - The investigative technique of allowing an unlawful consignment of any dangerous
drug, essential chemical to pass into, through out of the country under the supervision of an authorized officer, with
a view to gathering evidence to identify any person involved in any dangerous drug related offense.

DISPENSE - Any act of giving away, selling or distributing medicine or any dangerous drug with or without the use
of prescription.

DRUG DEPENDENT - Refers to a person suffering from drug dependence.

FINANCIER - Any person who pays for, raises or supplies money for, or underwrites any of the illegal activities
prescribed under RA 9165.

INSTRUMENT - Anything that is used or intended to be used, in any manner, in the commission of illegal drug
trafficking or related offenses.

LABORATORY - Refers to the facility of a private or government agency that is capable of testing a specimen to
determine the presence of dangerous drugs

PROTECTOR/CODDLER - Any person who knowingly and willfully consents to the unlawful acts provided in RA
9165 and uses his/her influence, power or position in shielding, harboring, screening or facilitating the escape of any
person he/she knows or has reasonable grounds to believe on or suspects, has violated the provisions of RA 9165
in order to prevent the arrest, prosecution and conviction of the violator.

SCREENING TEST - A rapid test performed to establish potential/presumptive positive result.

TRADING - Transactions involving the illegal trafficking of dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursors and
essential chemicals using electronic devices, or acting as a broker in any such transactions whether for money or
any other consideration.

DRUG DEPENDENCE
• Term relates to physical or psychological dependence or both.
• Impaired control over drug-taking behavior is implied.
• Means a state of psychological or physical dependence or both on dangerous drugs, arising in a person
following the use of drugs on a periodic or continuous basis.
A drug dependent can be defined by three basic characteristics:
1. Users continue to take the drug over an extended period of time;
2. Users find it difficult to stop from using the drug;
3. Users experience painful physical and mental distress, called the withdrawal symptom.

LAWS RELATED TO DRUGS

On March 30, 1972, Republic Act 6425 otherwise known as the ‘Dangerous Drug Act of 1972” was approved.

This law created the Dangerous Drug Board as the policy-making and regulatory body on prevention and
control of drug abuse. RA 6425 serves as the backbone of the Philippine drug enforcement system.

January 3, 1973, President Ferdinand E. Marcos ordered the immediate execution of Chinese national Lim
Seng alias Gan Sou So, top heroin trafficker in the Philippines, by firing squad at the Fort Bonifacio grounds.
- The execution was aired live in television.

EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 218 “Strengthening the support mechanism for the Philippine Drug Enforcement
Agency”
• issued on June 18, 2003 by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo.
• Creation of Task Forces: The Office of the President, the PNP, and other agencies which were performing
drug law enforcement and prevention function prior to the enactment of RA 9165 shall organize anti-drug
forces to support the PDEA.

EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 218 - The PDEA shall exercise operational supervision and provide technical support
to the main task force created by the PNP.

PHILIPPINE DRUG ENFORCEMENT

AGENCY (PDEA)
• Serves as the implementing arm of the Dangerous Drug Board (DDB).
• Responsible for the efficient and effective law enforcement of all the provisions on any dangerous drug and/or
controlled precursor and essential chemical as provided in RA 9165.
• Headed by Director General with the rank of Undersecretary, appointed by the President.
• The head of the PDEA is assisted by 2 deputies Director General, with the rank of Assistant Secretary,
1 for Operations and 1 for Administration, also appointed by the President.

POWER AND DUTIES OF PDEA

• To cause the efficient and effective implementation of the national drug control strategy formulated by the
Dangerous Drugs Board;
• Undertake the enforcement of the provisions of Article II of RA 9165 relative to the unlawful acts and penalties
involving any dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursor and essential chemicals;
• Administer oath and issue subpoena and subpoena duces tecum relative to the conduct of investigation
involving the violations of RA 9165;
• Arrest and apprehend as well as search all violators and seize or confiscate the effects or proceeds of the
crimes as provided by law;
• Take charge and have custody of all dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursors and essential chemicals
seized, confiscated or surrendered to any national, provincial or local law enforcement agency;
• Establish a forensic laboratory in each PNP office in every province and city in order to facilitate action on
seized or confiscated drugs, thereby hastening their destruction without delay;
• Recommend to the DOJ the forfeiture of properties and other assets of persons and/or corporations found to
be violating the provisions of RA 9165 and in accordance with the pertinent provisions of the Anti-Money
Laundering Act of 2001;
• Prepare for prosecution or cause the filing of appropriate criminal and civil cases for violation of all laws n
dangerous drugs, controlled precursors and essential chemicals, and other similar controlled substances;
• Monitor, and if warranted by circumstances, in coordination with the Philippine Postal Office and the Bureau
of Customs, inspect all air cargo packages, parcels and mails in the central post office;
• Conduct eradication programs to destroy wild or illegally grown plants from which dangerous drugs may be
extracted;
• Initiate and undertake the formation of a nationwide organization which shall coordinate and supervise all
activities against drug abuse in every province, city, municipality and barangay;
• Establish and maintain a national drug intelligence system in cooperation with law enforcement agencies,
other government agencies/offices and local government units that will assist in the apprehension of big-time
drug lords;
• Establish and maintain close coordination, operation and linkages with international drug control and
administration agencies and organizations;
• Create and maintain an efficient special enforcement unit to conduct an investigation, file charges and
transmit evidence to the proper court;
• Require all government and private hospitals, clinics, doctors, dentists and other practitioners to submit a
report to it;
• Coordinate with the DDB for the facilitation of the issuance of necessary guidelines, rules and regulations for
the proper implementation of RA 9165;
• Initiate and undertake a national campaign for drug prevention and control programs, where it may enlist the
assistance of any department, bureau, office, agency or instrumentality of the government, including
government-owned and/or controlled corporations; and
 • Submit annual and periodic reports to the DDB from time to time and perform such other functions as may
be authorized of required under existing laws and as directed by the President.

DANGEROUS DRUG BOARD (DDB)

• Created by virtue of Republic Act 6425 otherwise known as Dangerous Drug Act of 1972 subsequently
repealed by RA 9165.
• the policy-making & strategy-formulating body in the planning & formulation of policies & programs on drug
prevention & control.
• It shall develop and adopt a comprehensive, integrated, unified and balanced national drug abuse prevention
and control strategy.
• DDB composed of 17 members wherein 3 of which are permanent members, the other 12 members are ex-
officio capacity and 2 regular members.

THREE (3) PERMANENT MEMBERS (DDB)

• At least 7 years of training and experience in the field of the ff: fields in law, medicine, criminology, psychology
or social work.
• Appointed by the president.
• One designated as the Chairman with the rank of Secretary (with the term of 6 years) and the two other
regular members as undersecretary (one with 4 years term and the other 2 years but succeeding appointment
will serve six years and until their successors shall have been duly appointed and qualified.

TWELVE (12) EX- OFFICIO MEMBERS (DDB)

Secretary or representative of the following Department:
• DOJ, DOH, DND, DOF, DOLE, DILG, DSWD, DFA, DepEd,
• Chairman CHED, NYC
• Director General - PDEA

TWO (2) REGULAR MEMBERS (DDB)

• President of Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP).
• Chairman or President of a non- government organization involved in dangerous drug campaign to be
appointed by the President.

The Director of NBI and Chief, PNP are the permanent consultant of the DDB.

DRUG MULES or “DRUG COURIERS”

• are individuals who transport dangerous drugs in exchange for a huge amount of money, depending on the
amount of drugs to be delivered and the route/distance to be traveled.
• Women are usually targeted by syndicates since they generally generate mild suspicion from authorities and
the female body has more cavities possible to insert the drugs in, therefore posing less detection risk.

Methods of Concealment
1. Hidden in luggage/suitcases;
2. Ingestion/Swallowing;
3. Placed in shoes;
4. Placed in bottom part of luggage;
5. Placed inside handbag;
6. Others- Undergoing minor operation, placing in shoeboxes/ books/bottles/parcels, etc.

Factors contributing to the drug courier problem

1. Filipinos are usually enticed by the offer because of the syndicates’ promise of love/marriage, as have been
recorded in several arrests involving Filipina drug couriers. Others are lured by the opportunity to travel and the
promise of a comfortable life while others want a high-paying job and easy money.
2. The drug courier problem can also be attributed to the (1) The prevalence of poverty, (2) Poor educational
background, (3) Easy money, (4) Unemployment and 95) the idea of traveling

The Task Force Drug Couriers

• The Task Force Drug Couriers (TFDC) was created on February 08, 2010 by virtue of Administrative
Order No. 279. It is an inter-agency team tasked in the deterrence, prevention and protection of Filipinos
from being victimized as drug couriers by international drug trafficking syndicates.
• The Task Force is composed of 13 agencies, chaired by the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency and co-
chaired by the Department of Foreign Affairs with the following agencies as members:
1.Bureau of Customs
2. Bureau of Immigration
3.Commission on Higher Education
4. Department of Justice
5. Department of Labor and Employment
6. Manila International Airport Authority
7. National Bureau of Investigation
8. Philippine Information Agency
9. Philippine National Police – Aviation Security Group
10. Tourism Infrastructure and Enterprise Zone Authority (formerly Philippine Tourism Authority)
11. Office of the President thru the Office of the Executive Secretary
DRUG MULES or “DRUG COURIERS” – MODUS OPERANDI (MO)

• Couriers are usually recruited by casual acquaintances they meet in key cities here or abroad, mostly fellow
Filipinos connected to drug syndicates like the African Drug Syndicate (ADS), offering plane tickets, hotel
accommodation and huge amounts of money.
• In some instances, members of syndicates befriend/marry potential recruit then later turn him/her into a
courier or cohort. On the other hand, unwitting victims were duped by acquaintances into carrying packages
in exchange for money, not knowing that drugs were placed inside.
• Couriers may also be recruited through the internet and social networking sites like Facebook, MySpace,
Tagged, etc. Syndicates also engage in travel & tours businesses/agencies to arrange airline and hotel
bookings of the couriers and use fraudulent documents/fake credit cards.
• The ADS is believed to be behind the alarming increase of Filipino drug couriers arrested abroad. They
deliver drugs to their connections in different points around the world by employing drug couriers to prevent
the risk of getting caught themselves. They also use Filipinos as cohorts to recruit fellow OFWs.
• The ADS is an international syndicate involved in drug trafficking and cybercrimes.
• They use stolen and/or falsified documents to go about with their transaction (i.e. purchase of plane tickets,
hotel bookings) and usually communicate with their cohorts thru phone or the internet.
• Members are proficient in English and well-versed, very persistent and are generally friendly which makes
them recruit potential victims easily.

REPUBLIC ACT 9165

Some Pertinent Provisions of Comprehensive Dangerous Drug Act of 2002
UNLAWFUL ACTS AND PENALTIES UNDER RA 9165

NOTE:
Republic Act No. 9346 - Approved on June 24, 2006
“AN ACT PROHIBITING THE IMPOSITION OF DEATH PENALTY IN THE PHILIPPINES”
(R.A. No. 8177), otherwise known as the Act Designating Death by Lethal Injection is hereby repealed.
(R.A. No. 7659), otherwise known as the Death Penalty Law, is hereby repealed or amended accordingly.

PENALTY: Life Imprisonment and fine of Five Hundred Thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten Million Pesos
(P10,000,000.00).
>Section 4. Importation of Dangerous Drugs.
>Section5. Sale, Trading, Administration, Dispensation, Delivery, Distribution and Transportation of Dangerous
Drugs.
>Section 6. Maintenance of a Den, Dive or Resort involving dangerous drugs.
>Section 8. Manufacture of Dangerous drugs

Note:
- The presence of any controlled precursor and essential chemical or laboratory equipment in the
clandestine laboratory is a prima facie proof of manufacture of any dangerous drug.

Dangerous drugs - drugs that are manufactured by gathering various substances to make the drug desired.
(Methamphetamine, cocaine, rock/crack cocaine, heroin). These drugs are not normally produced for medical
reasons, they are made to get someone "high.“
Precursor chemicals - are chemicals that are essential to the production of a controlled substance.
Precursor chemicals have a wide legitimate use in the production of consumer goods such as pharmaceuticals,
fragrances, flavouring agents, petroleum products, fertilizers and paints. For example, ephedrine and
pseudoephedrine, commonly used in cold and decongestant medicine, are precursor chemicals that are used to
produce methamphetamine.

PENALTY: Life Imprisonment and fine of Five Hundred Thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten Million
Pesos (P10,000,000.00).
>Sec 16. Cultivation of plants classified as source of dangerous drugs.
>Sec. 19. Unlawful Prescription of Dangerous Drugs.

PENALTY: Life Imprisonment and fine of Five Hundred Thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten Million Pesos
(P10,000,000.00).
Sec 11. Possession of Dangerous Drugs, regardless of purity:
10 grams or more of opium, morphine, heroin, cocaine or cocaine hydrochloride, marijuana resin or
oil, and other dangerous drugs,
50 grams or more of shabu;
500 grams or more of marijuana

PENALTY:Life Imprisonment and fine of Four Hundred Thousand Pesos (P400,000.00) to Five Hundred
Thousand Pesos (P500,000.00).
If the quantity of shabu is ten (10) grams or more but less 50 grams

PENALTY: Imprisonment of 20 years and 1 day to life imprisonment and fine ranging from Php 400,000.00
to Php 500,000.00
>If 5 grams or more but less than 10 grams of any Dangerous Drugs
>300 grams or more of marijuana but less than 500 grams
PENALTY: Imprisonment of 12 years and 1 day to 20 years and fine ranging from Php300,000.00 to Php
400,000.00
>If the quantity of dangerous drugs are less than 5 grams.
>If the quantity of Marijuana is less than 300 grams.

PENALTY: Imprisonment of 12 years and 1 day to 20 years and fine ranging from
Php 100,000.00 to Php 500,000.00
>Importation of any Controlled precursor and essential chemicals.
>“Protector/coddler" of importation of any controlled precursor and essential chemicals.
>Maintenance of den, dive, or resort where any controlled precursor and essential chemical is used or sold in any
form.

PENALTY: Imprisonment of 12 years and 1 day to 20 years and fine ranging from
Php 100,000.00 to Php 500,000.00
Section 7 Employees and Visitors of a Den, Dive or Resort
(a) Any employee of a den, dive or resort, who is aware of the nature of the place as such; and
(b) Any person who, not being included in the provisions of the next preceding, paragraph, is aware of the nature of
the place as such and shall knowingly visit the same.
Section 8. Manufacture any controlled precursor and essential chemical.

PENALTY: Imprisonment of 12 years and 1 day to 20 years and fine ranging from
Php 100,000.00 to Php 500,000.00
Section 16. Protector/Coddler of provision of Section 16 (Cultivation of plants classified as source of dangerous
drugs).
Section 18. Unnecessary prescription of Dangerous drugs.
>>>>>>additional penalty of the revocation of his/her license to practice shall be imposed upon the
practitioner.

Sec 15. Use of Dangerous Drugs

Penalty
- A person apprehended or arrested, who is found to be positive for use of any dangerous drug, after a
confirmatory test, shall be imposed a penalty of a minimum of six (6) months but not exceeds one year rehabilitation
in a government center for the first offense.

- If apprehended using any dangerous drug for the second time, he/she shall suffer the penalty of imprisonment
ranging from six (6) years and one (1) day to twelve (12) years and a fine ranging from Fifty thousand pesos
(P50,000.00) to Two hundred thousand pesos (P200,000.00): Provided, That this Section shall not be applicable
where the person tested is also found to have in his/her possession such quantity of any dangerous drug provided
for under Section 11 of this Act, in which case the provisions stated therein shall apply.

Section 21. Custody and Disposition of Confiscated, Seized, and/or Surrendered Dangerous Drugs, Plant
Sources of Dangerous Drugs, Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals, Instruments/Paraphernalia
and/or Laboratory Equipment
The PDEA shall take charge and have custody of all dangerous drugs, plant sources of dangerous drugs,
controlled precursors and essential chemicals, as well as instruments/paraphernalia and/or laboratory equipment so
confiscated, seized and/or surrendered, for proper disposition in the following manner:

The apprehending team having initial custody and control of the drugs shall, immediately after seizure and
confiscation, physically inventory and photograph the same in the presence of the accused or the person/s from
whom such items were confiscated and/or seized, or his/her representative or counsel, a representative from the
media and the Department of Justice (DOJ), and any elected public official who shall be required to sign the copies
of the inventory and be given a copy thereof;
- Within twenty-four (24) hours upon confiscation/seizure of dangerous drugs, plant sources of dangerous drugs,
controlled precursors and essential chemicals, as well as instruments/paraphernalia and/or laboratory equipment,
the same shall be submitted to the PDEA Forensic Laboratory for a qualitative and quantitative examination;

- A certification of the forensic laboratory examination results, which shall be done under oath by the forensic
laboratory examiner, shall be issued within twenty-four (24) hours after the receipt of the subject item/s.
- That a final certification shall be issued on the completed forensic laboratory examination on the same within the
next twenty-four (24) hours
 After the filing of the criminal case, the Court shall, within seventy-two (72) hours, conduct an ocular
inspection of the confiscated, seized and/or surrendered dangerous drugs, and controlled precursors and
essential chemicals, including the instruments/paraphernalia and/or laboratory equipment, and through the
PDEA shall:
 within twenty-four (24) hours thereafter proceed with the destruction or burning of the same, in the
presence of the accused or the person/s from whom such items were confiscated and/or seized, or his/her
representative or counsel, a representative from the media and the DOJ, civil society groups and any elected
public official

Section 23. Plea-Bargaining Provision.

– Any person charged under any provision of this Act regardless of the imposable penalty shall not be allowed to
avail of the provision on plea-bargaining .
Section 28 – Criminal Liability of Government Officials and Employees.
- The maximum penalties of the unlawful acts provided in the Act shall be imposed, in addition to absolute perpetual
disqualification from any public office, if those found guilty of such unlawful acts are government officials and
employees.

Section 29. Criminal Liability for Planting of Evidence

– Any person who is found guilty of "planting" any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical,
regardless of quantity and purity, shall suffer the maximum penalty.

Program for Treatment and Rehabilitation of Drug Dependents

- A drug dependent or any person who violates Section 15 of this Act may, by himself/herself or through his/her
parent, spouse, guardian or relative within the fourth degree of consanguinity or affinity, apply to the Board or for
treatment and rehabilitation of the drug dependency. The Board shall bring forth the matter to the Court which shall
order that the applicant be examined for drug dependency.

If the examination by a DOH-accredited physician results in the issuance of a certification that the applicant
is a drug dependent, he/she shall be ordered by the Court to undergo treatment and rehabilitation in a Center
designated by the Board for a period of not less than six (6) months

Temporary Release From the Center; After-Care and Follow-Up Treatment Under the Voluntary Submission
Program.
- Upon certification of the Center that the drug dependent within the voluntary submission program may be
temporarily released, the Court shall order his/her release on condition that said drug dependent shall report to the
DOH for after-care and follow-up treatment, including urine testing, for a period not exceeding eighteen (18) months
under such terms and conditions that the Court may impose.
Dangerous Drug Test Requirements
The following shall undergo mandatory drug testing:
1. applicants for drivers license
2. applicants for Firearms license & PTCFOR
3. members of the PNP, AFP, & other LEA
4. All person charged with criminal offense with penalty of not less than 6 years.
5. All candidates for public office national/ local

The following shall undergo random drug testing:

1.students of secondary and tertiary schools;

2. officers and employees of public & private offices.

SUPREME COURT DECISIONS

The Philippines Supreme Court this week upheld mandatory, random, suspicionless drug testing of workers and high
school and college students, but struck down as unconstitutional provisions of the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs
Act of 2002 that required drug tests for candidates for political office or those charged with criminal offenses the court
noted that the law says the random drug testing of employees "shall be undertaken under conditions calculated to
protect as much as possible the employee's privacy and dignity," and that employers are not required to report positive
test results to prosecutors. It also found that "the intrusion into the employee's privacy... is accompanied by proper
safeguards, particularly against embarrassing leakages of test results, and is relatively minimal."

In the case of students, the high court found that drug testing was not only constitutional, but perhaps even necessary.
It noted the presence of drugs in the country "that threatens the well-being of the people, particularly the youth and
school children who usually end up as victims.
Candidates for political office, however, may not be subjected to drug tests as condition of candidacy, the court held.
The drug law's provisions requiring testing of candidates unconstitutionally added to the constitution's provisions
defining the qualification or eligibility of candidates

The court was equally kind to people charged with criminal offenses, holding that they cannot be drug tested because
they might incriminate themselves and because drug testing in their cases would not be random or suspicionless.
"To impose mandatory drug testing on the accused is a blatant attempt to harness a medical test as a tool for criminal
prosecution, contrary to the objectives of RA 9165 [the drug testing law]. Drug testing in this case would violate a
person's right to privacy guaranteed under Section 2, Article III of the Constitution. Worse still, the accused persons
are veritably forced to incriminate themselves

Republic Act 10586, known as the “Anti-Drunk and Drugged Driving Act of 2013″ enacted on May 27, 2013.

SEC. 7. Mandatory Alcohol and Chemical Testing of Drivers Involved in Motor Vehicular Accidents. –
A driver of a motor vehicle involved in a vehicular accident resulting in the loss of human life or physical injuries shall
be subjected to chemical tests, including a drug screening test and, if necessary, a drug confirmatory test

SEC. 19. Repealing Clause.

……………………………………subparagraph (a), Section 36 of Republic Act No. 9165; and all other laws, orders,
issuances, circulars, rules and regulations or parts thereof which are inconsistent with any provision of this Act are
hereby repealed or modified accordingly.
Section 36 of RA 9165 -Authorized Drug Testing.
(a) Applicants for driver's license. – No driver's license shall be issued or renewed to any person unless he/she
presents a certification that he/she has undergone a mandatory drug test and indicating thereon that he/she is free
from the use of dangerous drugs;
Responsibility and liability of law enforcement agencies in testifying as Prosecution Witness in Dangerous
Drug Cases
- Penalty- 12 years and 1 day to 20 years and a fine of not less than Php 500,000.00 in addition to the administrative
liability.
- For any members of law enforcement agency who, after due notice, fails or refuses intentionally or negligently to
appear as a witness for prosecution.

Section 92. Delay and Bungling in the Prosecution of Drug Cases.

– Any government officer or employee tasked with the prosecution of drug-related cases under this act, who, through
patent laxity, inexcusable neglect, unreasonable delay or deliberately causes the unsuccessful prosecution and/or
dismissal of the said drug cases, shall suffer the penalty of imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years and one (1)
day to twenty (20) years without prejudice to his/her prosecution under the pertinent provisions of the Revised Penal
Code.

Non-applicability of the Probation Law for Drug Traffickers and Pushers. – cannot avail of the privilege
granted by Probation Law (PD 968, as amended).

PNP MANUAL ON ANTI-ILLEGAL DRUGS OPERATION AND ACTIVITIES

NAPOLCOM MEMORANDUM CIRCULAR NO. 200003

Adopting Salient Provisions of PDEA Memorandum on the preparation of pre-operation report and PNP-
AIDSOTF Memorandum Circular in the conduct of Anti-Illegal Drugs Operations.

Pre-Operations
- Operating Unit to submit to PDEA, the pre-operations report, indicating details such identity, area of
operation, composition, tactics and equipment of the operating unit and duration of the operation. Also includes the
information on the suspect/s.
- Certification of Coordination – prepared by PDEA given to the operating unit which submitted a pre-operations
report.

Exemption of submission of Pre Operations Report:

1. In remote places where coordination is not possible;
2. When coordination will compromise the lives of police operatives, informant and witnesses, involved in anti-drug
operations;
3. When coordination will prejudice the apprehension of drug suspects and confiscation of dangerous drugs;
4. When prior coordination will compromise the entire police operation.
(In above instances, post coordination shall be made in lieu of prior coordination).

Signatories to the Pre-Operation Report

- signed by the Team Leader.
Conduct of Operation
- Team shall be led by a police commissioned officers except in far flung areas where there are no assigned PCOs.
- To have at least 1 female member operative who shall be responsible for arresting and frisking female suspects
and for taking custody of children found in the place of operation.

VICES
Vice – is any immoral conduct or habit, the indulgence of which leads to depravity, wickedness and
corruption of the minds and the body.

Different Forms of Vices:

1) Drug addiction
2) Alcoholism
3) Prostitution
4) Gambling

ALCOHOLISM
Is the state or condition of a person produced by drinking intoxicating liquors excessively and with habitual
frequency. ( State vs. Savage, 89 Ala. LBA 426, 7 South, Rep. 183).

It is a condition wherein a person is under the influence or intoxicated with alcohol. His physical condition
and behavior has been modified to a certain extent by the effects of alcohol.

ALCOHOLISM – which is also known as “Alcohol Dependence Syndrome” is a disease characterized by the
following:
a) Craving – strong need or compulsion to drink
b) Loss of Control – frequent inability to stop drinking once a person has begun to drink.
c)Physical Dependence – The occurrence of withdrawal symptoms, such as shakiness and anxiety when alcohol
use is stopped.

ALCOHOL
Generally describes a specific chemical compound, ethyl alcohol.
Ethyl Alcohol is a thin, clear, colorless fluid with a mild aromatic odor and pungent taste.
 Ethyl alcohol is derived from certain grains and fruits by Fermentation. In this natural chemical process, yeast
cells act on the sugar content of the grain or fruit juice and convert the sugar to carbon dioxide and alcohol.

ALCOHOLIC LIQUOR
-Any beverages or compound, whether distilled, fermented, or otherwise, which will produce intoxication or
which contains in excess of one percent of alcohol and used as a beverage.

ALCOHOLIC
A person who has experienced physical, psychological, social or occupational impairment as consequence
of habitual, excessive consumption of alcohol.

DRUNKARD
A person who habitually takes or use any intoxicating alcohol liquor and while under the influence of such, or
in consequence of the effect thereof, is either dangerous to himself or to others.

ALCOHOLIC DEPENDENCE
- A chronic lost of control over the consumption of alcoholic beverages despite obvious psychological or
physical harm to the person. Increasing amount are required overtime and abrupt discontinuance may precipitate a
withdrawal symptoms.

ALCOHOL ABUSE
Use of ethyl alcohol or liquor in a quantity and with a frequency that causes the individual significant
physiological, psychological, or sociological distress or impairment.

SOME PROBLEMS ARISING FROM ALCOHOLISM

a) Loss of employment which can lead to financial problems;
b) Marital Conflict and contribute to domestic violence;
c) Drinking at inappropriate times and behavior can lead to legal consequences, such as public disorder (Alarm and
Scandal).

DRUNKNESS AS A CRIME
- In the Philippines, drunkenness in itself is not a crime because a person may drink to excess in the privacy of his
home or in the party and commit no crime at all.
- It is only when a drunken person exhibits his condition publicly, or disturbs, endangers, or injured others, that he
became an offender and therefore, subject to arrest and punishment.
- Before and during elections, it is unlawful to sell or drink intoxicating liquor, as provided in the election law.
- Under RA 4136, as amended, driving under the influence of liquor is prohibited.

KINDS OF INTOXICATION
1. Involuntary – when a drunken person does not know the intoxicating strength of the beverage he has taken.
2. Intentional – when a person deliberately drinks liquor fully knowing its effects, either to obtain mitigation or to find
the liquor as stimulant to commit crime.
3. Habitual – when the person finds that drinking is a constant necessary and the vice ultimately takes to hold of him.

VARIOUS DEGREE OF INTOXICATION

1. Slight Inebriation – there is a reddening of the face. There is no sign of mental impairment, in coordination and
difficulty of speech.
2. Moderate Inebriation – the person is argumentative and overconfident. There is slight impairment of mental
difficulties, difficulty of articulation, loss of coordination of finer movements. The face is flushed with digested eyeball.
3. Drunk – the mind is confused, behavior is irregular and the movement is uncontrolled. The speech is thick and
uncoordinated. The behavior is uncontrollable.
4. Very Drunk – the mind is confused and disoriented. There is difficulty in speech and marked motor un-coordination
and often walking is impossible.
5. Coma – the subject is stuporous or in comatose condition. Sometimes it is difficult to differentiate this condition
with other conditions having coma.

Alcohol has its maximum period of absorption from 30 to 60 minutes after ingestion and it is absorbed in the stomach
and in the intestines.
Technically, if alcohol is only inside the stomach and intestine and not yet absorbed, it is practically outside
of the body because it cannot produce its physiologic and neurological effects.

Under Article 15 of the Revised Penal Code, intoxication is considered as an Alternative Circumstances.
- It is considered a mitigating circumstance when the offender has committed a felony in a state of intoxication,
if the same is not habitual.
- It is considered an aggravating circumstance, when the intoxication is habitual or intentional.

THE THREE METHODS OF THERAPHY (TREATMENT) ON ALCOHOLISM

1. Aversion Treatment – used of certain medicine that would give an adverse taste with alcoholic beverage.
2. Psychotheraphy method – making the person understand the cause of his alcoholism through counseling.
3. Program of Alcoholics Anonymous – treatment through socialization/peer gathering with co – alcoholics.

PROSTITUTION
- act or practice of providing sexual services to another person in return for payment.
-is the exchange of money for the performance of sexual act.
PROSTITUTE
- Customarily used, to refer to a female person who engages in sex in exchange for money as profession.
PHILANDERING
- Is having casual/illicit sex with a number of people.
- It usually refers to men, and often in the context of cheating on a wife or girlfriend.

TO PHILANDER
- Is to carry on romantic and/or sexual affairs outside a committed relationship
PHILANDER
- Is a serial cheater who betrays his spouse or long term partner repeatedly;
- The term usually refers to men (obviously, women have also been known to carry on affairs).

PIMP – One who provides gratification for the lust of others. A male procurer of clients for a prostitute.

CALL GIRLS – These are the part time prostitutes. They have their own legitimate work or profession. They receive
telephone call from a selected group of customers and make arrangements to meet them at a designated place.

HUSTLER – Is the professional type of prostitutes. She maybe a bar or tavern “pick-up or a street walker” The
street walker is the oldest and the most common type of prostitute.
DOOR KNOCKER – This is the occasional or selective type of prostitute. Oftentimes they are motivated by extreme
desire for money due to poverty or supporting their own vices. She frequent hotels and furnished fun houses. She
caters the affluent male members of the business world.

FACTORY GIRLS – Are the real professional type of prostitutes. She works in regular houses of prostitution. She
accepts all comers and has nothing to do with the selecting and soliciting customers. She works in regular hours or
tour of duty under the direct supervision of the madam or operator of the prostitution house.

VAGRANTS AND PROSTITUTES (under RPC)

- Any person having no apparent means of subsistence, who has the physical ability to work and who neglects
to apply himself or herself to some lawful calling.
- Any person found loitering about public or semi-public building or places, or tramping or wandering about the
country or to the streets without visible means of support.
- Any idle or dissolute person who lodges in houses of ill-fame, ruffians or pimps and those who habitually
associate with prostitutes.

PROSTITUTES – women, who for money or profit, habitually indulge in sexual intercourse or lascivious conduct.

Republic Act No. 10158

signed last March 27, 2012, amended Article 202 of the Revised Penal Code removing vagrancy from the
country's list of crimes amid concerns it only targets the poor and the disadvantaged.
Although the poor or homeless people can no longer be hauled to jail for vagrancy, the new law continued to
penalize women engaged in prostitution.

Cont. Republic Act No. 10158

RA 10158, defined prostitutes as "women who for money or profit, habitually indulge in sexual intercourse or
lascivious conduct."
A person found guilty of prostitution is punished by imprisoned from one to 30 days or a fine not exceeding
P200.

Cont. Republic Act No. 10158

- In case of recidivism, they are punished by arresto mayor in its medium period (imprisonment from two
months to four months) to prison correccional in its minimum period (imprisonment from six years to two years and
four months) or a fine ranging from P200 to P2,000, or both, depending on the court.
- With the enactment of the law, all pending vagrancy cases meantime shall be dismissed and all persons
serving sentence for violating the vagrancy law shall immediately be released.

RELATED LAWS ON THE PROTECTION OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN.

RA 7610, as amended, (Special Protection of children against child abuse, exploitation and
discrimination Act)

- Penalize those who engage in or promote, facilitate or induce child prostitution, who commit the act of
sexual intercourse or lascivious conduct with a child exploited in prostitution and who derived profit on advantage
therefrom, whether as a manager or owner of the establishment.
- penalty of reclusion temporal in its medium period to reclusion perpetua

GAMBLING
- Wagering of money or something of material value on an event with an uncertain outcome with the primary
intent of winning additional money and/or material goods.

ILLEGAL NUMBERS GAME

- Any form of illegal gambling activity which uses numbers or combination as factors in giving out jackpots.
JUETENG
- Illegal numbers game that involves the combination of numbers as a form of local lottery where bets are
placed and accepted per combination .

MASIAO
- Illegal numbers game where the winning combination is derived from the results of the last game of Jai Alai
or the Special Llave portion

LAST TWO
- Illegal numbers game where the winning combination is derived from the last two numbers of the first prize
of the winning Sweepstakes ticket.

BETTOR (Mananaya)
- Any person, who places bets for himself/herself or in behalf of another person, other than the personnel or
staff of any illegal numbers game operation.

COLLECTOR or AGENT (Cabo, Cobrador)

- Any person who collects, solicits or produces bets in behalf of his/her principal for any illegal numbers game
who is usually in possession of gambling paraphernalia

MAINTAINER, MANAGER OR OPERATOR

- Any person who maintains, manages, or operates any illegal number game in a specific area.

FINANCIERS OR CAPITALIST
- Any person who finances the operations of any illegal numbers game.
PROTECTOR OR CODDLER
- Any person who lends or provides protection, or receives benefits in any manner in the operation of any
illegal numbers game.

REQUISITES/ELEMENTS OF THE CRIME OF GAMBLING

1. That money or other consideration of value is at stake;

2. That the result of the games depends wholly or chiefly upon the chance.

RELATED LAWS ON GAMBLING

- Article 195 of RPC. Acts punishable in gambling – any person directly or indirectly take part in any game of
Monte, jueteng, other form of lottery, policy, banking or percentage game, dog races or any other game the result
of which depends wholly upon a chance wherein wagers consisting of money, articles of value, or representative of
value are made.

RELATED LAWS ON GAMBLING

- Article 195 of RPC. (Penalty)
- The penalty of arresto mayor or a fine not exceeding two hundred pesos, and, in case of recidivism, the
penalty of arresto mayor or a fine ranging from two hundred or six thousand pesos,
- The penalty of prision correccional in its maximum degree shall be imposed upon the maintainer, conductor, or
banker in a game of jueteng or any similar game.

RELATED LAWS ON GAMBLING

- Article 196 (RPC). Penalizing any person who shall import into the Philippine Islands from any foreign
place or port any lottery ticket or advertisement, or in connivance with the importer, shall sell or distribute the same.
-The penalty of arresto mayor in its maximum period to prision correccional in its minimum period or a fine
ranging from 200 to 2,000 pesos, or both, in the discretion of the court

Article 197 (RPC). Betting in sports Contest – Penalizing any person who shall bet money or any object
or article of value or representative of value upon the result of any boxing or other sports contest.
- The penalty of arresto menor or a fine not exceeding 200 pesos, or both,

Article 198 (RPC). Illegal betting on horse races

– Penalizing any person who, except during the periods allowed by law, shall bet on horse races.
- The penalty of arresto menor or a fine not exceeding 200 pesos, or both,

Article 199 (RPC). Illegal cockfighting –

Penalizing any person who directly or indirectly participates in cockfights, at a place other than a licensed
cockpit.
- The penalty of arresto menor or a fine not exceeding 200 pesos, or both, in the discretion of the court

RA 3063 – Approved June 17, 1961

authorizing licensed race tracks and racing clubs and their authorized agent to offer, take or arrange bets
outside the place, enclosure of track where the races held.
Penalty - fine of not less than one thousand pesos not more than two thousand pesos or by imprisonment
for not less than one month or more than six months, or both, in the discretion of the court. If the offender is a
partnership, corporation or association, the criminal liability shall devolve upon its president, director, or any other
official responsible for the violation.
PD 449 – Cockfighting Law of 1974 – Approved May 9, 1974.

PD 483 - Penalizing Betting, Game-fixing or point shaving and Machinations in Sports Contents. Approved on June
13, 1974.

PD 1602 – Approved June 11, 1978.

prescribing stiffer penalties on illegal gambling.

RA 9287 – Approved 2, 2004

An Act increasing the penalties for illegal numbers games, amending certain provisions of P.D. 1602, and for
other purposes.