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Large scale distributed systems

The document provides a comprehensive guide for developing and supporting large-scale, cloud-based distributed systems, emphasizing architecture design, cloud services, CI/CD automation, monitoring, security, and operational practices. Key strategies include using microservices architecture, implementing automated infrastructure management, and ensuring robust monitoring and security measures. Continuous improvement and adaptation to new technologies are essential for maintaining system efficiency.

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ramsharma4
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18 views

Large scale distributed systems

The document provides a comprehensive guide for developing and supporting large-scale, cloud-based distributed systems, emphasizing architecture design, cloud services, CI/CD automation, monitoring, security, and operational practices. Key strategies include using microservices architecture, implementing automated infrastructure management, and ensuring robust monitoring and security measures. Continuous improvement and adaptation to new technologies are essential for maintaining system efficiency.

Uploaded by

ramsharma4
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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developing and supporting large scale, cloud based distributed systems.

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Developing and supporting large-scale, cloud-based distributed systems requires a
combination of robust architecture design, effective use of cloud services,
automation, monitoring, and strong operational practices. Here’s a comprehensive
guide to achieving this:

1. Architecture and Design


Microservices Architecture

Decomposition: Break down the system into smaller, manageable microservices that
can be developed, deployed, and scaled independently.
APIs: Use RESTful APIs or gRPC for communication between services.
Scalability and High Availability

Horizontal Scaling: Design for horizontal scaling to handle increasing loads by


adding more instances.
Load Balancing: Use load balancers (e.g., AWS ELB, Google Cloud Load Balancing) to
distribute traffic evenly across instances.
Auto-scaling: Implement auto-scaling policies to automatically adjust the number of
running instances based on demand.
Resilience and Fault Tolerance

Circuit Breakers: Use circuit breaker patterns (e.g., Hystrix) to handle service
failures gracefully.
Retries and Backoff: Implement retry mechanisms with exponential backoff to handle
transient failures.
Bulkheads: Isolate failures to prevent them from cascading across the system.
Data Management

Distributed Databases: Use distributed databases (e.g., Amazon DynamoDB, Google


Cloud Spanner) for scalable and highly available data storage.
Data Partitioning: Implement data partitioning/sharding to improve performance and
scalability.
Consistency Models: Choose the appropriate consistency model (e.g., eventual
consistency, strong consistency) based on use cases.
2. Cloud Services and Infrastructure
Infrastructure as Code (IaC)

Automation: Use IaC tools (e.g., Terraform, AWS CloudFormation, Azure Resource
Manager) to automate the provisioning and management of cloud infrastructure.
Version Control: Store IaC scripts in version control systems (e.g., Git) for
better collaboration and tracking.
Containerization and Orchestration

Containers: Use containers (e.g., Docker) for packaging and deploying applications
consistently across environments.
Orchestration: Use container orchestration platforms (e.g., Kubernetes, Amazon EKS,
Google Kubernetes Engine) for automated deployment, scaling, and management of
containerized applications.
Serverless Computing

Functions as a Service (FaaS): Use serverless functions (e.g., AWS Lambda, Azure
Functions, Google Cloud Functions) for event-driven architectures and to handle
variable workloads without managing servers.
3. CI/CD and Automation
Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD)
CI Pipelines: Implement CI pipelines using tools like Jenkins, GitLab CI, CircleCI,
or GitHub Actions to automate the build, test, and integration processes.
CD Pipelines: Implement CD pipelines to automate the deployment process to
different environments (e.g., staging, production).
Automated Testing

Unit Tests: Write unit tests to verify the correctness of individual components.
Integration Tests: Implement integration tests to ensure that different components
work together correctly.
End-to-End Tests: Use end-to-end tests to validate the entire system from a user
perspective.
4. Monitoring and Observability
Logging

Centralized Logging: Use centralized logging solutions (e.g., ELK Stack, Splunk,
Fluentd) to aggregate and analyze logs from all services.
Structured Logging: Use structured logging to make logs more readable and
searchable.
Metrics and Monitoring

System Metrics: Monitor system metrics (e.g., CPU, memory, disk usage) using tools
like Prometheus, Grafana, Datadog, or New Relic.
Application Metrics: Monitor application-specific metrics (e.g., request latency,
error rates).
Tracing

Distributed Tracing: Implement distributed tracing (e.g., Jaeger, Zipkin, AWS X-


Ray) to trace requests across microservices and identify performance bottlenecks.
Alerting

Alerts: Set up alerts for critical metrics and events using tools like PagerDuty,
Opsgenie, or Prometheus Alertmanager.
5. Security and Compliance
Identity and Access Management (IAM)

Access Control: Implement strict access control policies using IAM tools provided
by cloud providers (e.g., AWS IAM, Azure AD, Google Cloud IAM).
Data Security

Encryption: Encrypt data at rest and in transit using appropriate encryption


standards.
Secrets Management: Use secrets management tools (e.g., AWS Secrets Manager,
HashiCorp Vault) to securely store and manage sensitive information.
Compliance

Regulations: Ensure compliance with relevant regulations and standards (e.g., GDPR,
HIPAA) through proper data handling and documentation.
6. Operational Practices
Incident Management

Runbooks: Maintain up-to-date runbooks with predefined steps for diagnosing and
resolving common issues.
On-Call Rotation: Implement an on-call rotation to ensure support is available
24/7.
Post-Mortem Analysis: Conduct post-mortem analysis after incidents to identify root
causes and implement improvements.
Capacity Planning

Load Testing: Perform regular load testing to ensure the system can handle expected
traffic and identify potential bottlenecks.
Capacity Planning: Regularly review and adjust capacity planning based on current
and projected workloads.
Documentation and Knowledge Sharing

Documentation: Maintain comprehensive documentation for architecture, processes,


and incident response procedures.
Knowledge Sharing: Foster a culture of knowledge sharing through regular meetings,
documentation, and collaborative tools.
By following these guidelines, you can effectively develop, deploy, and support
large-scale, cloud-based distributed systems. Continuous improvement and adaptation
to new technologies and practices are essential to maintaining a robust and
efficient system.

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