PRE-CALCULUS

Quarter 1 – Module 8:
Sigma Notation in Series
 Pre-Calculus
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Lesson 8: Sigma Notation in Series
First Edition, 2020

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PRE-CALCULUS
Quarter 1 – Lesson 8:
Sigma Notation in Series
 Aiming the Target
In this module, you will learn to use the sigma notation to represent a
series (STEM_PC11SMI-Ih-3)

Trying the Challenge

Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write it on your answer sheet.
1) What Greek symbol is used to represent the sum of series?
A) Σ B) α C) φ D) β
4

2) What does 𝑖 in the expression  i + 3 represent?

i =0
A) sum B) power C) exponent D) t e r m
3) The value of the term starts with the ______ value and
ends with ______ value?
A) upper bound, lower bound B) upper bound, upper bound
B) lower bound, lower bound D) lower bound, upper bound
For numbers 4 to 6. Write the expressions using sigma notation.

4) 5 + 10 + 15 + 20 + 25
5 5

i
5

 5i 5
5

A)
i =1
B) 5 + i
i =1
C)
i =1
D)
i=1
5 5 5 5
5) 5 + 2 + 3 + 4 + ⋯ + 10
5 10

 5i
10

 5i
5

5
10
A) B)  C) D)
i =1 i =1 i i =1 i i =1

6) 3 + 12 + 27 + 48 + ⋯ + 192
8 2 8

i
8

 ( 3i )  3i
8

 3i
2 2
A) B) C) D)
i =1 i =1 i =1 i =1

1
For numbers 7 to 10. Expand the sigma notation.
n

7) a
i =1
i

A) 𝑎1 + 𝑎2 + 𝑎3 + ⋯ + 𝑎𝑛 C) 𝑎1 + 𝑎2 + 𝑎3 + ⋯ + 𝑎5
B) 𝑎1 + 𝑎2 + 𝑎3 + 𝑎𝑛 D) 𝑎𝑛
5

8)  (6i + 1)
i =0
A) 1 + 7 + 13 + 19 + 25 C) 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5
B) 0 + 6 + 12 + 18 + 24 D) 1 + 25
7

9)  (i
i =2
2
− 1)
A) 4 + 9 + 16 + ⋯ + 49 C) 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7
B) 0 + 3 + 8 + 15 + ⋯ + 48 D) 3 + 8 + 15 + ⋯ + 48
10
2
10)  3i
i =1
2 1 1 2 1 2 1
A) 1 + 2 + 3 + 2 + ⋯ + 5 C) + 3 + 9 + ⋯ + 15
3
2 1 2 1
B3 + 9 + 27 + ⋯ + 81 D) 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + 10

2
 Sigma Notation

Gearing Up to Start
Sigma Notation is used to represent a long sum in a concise way.
This lesson tackles the use of this notation in computing sums of numbers
as well as algebraic expressions

Mathematicians use the sigma notation to denote a sum. The

uppercase Greek letter Σ (sigma) is used to indicate a “sum.” The notation
consists of several components or parts.

Let 𝑓(𝑖) be an expression involving an integer 𝑖. The expression 𝑓(𝑚) +

𝑓 (𝑚 + 1) + 𝑓 (𝑚 + 2) + ⋯ + 𝑓(𝑛) can be

written as

read as The summation of 𝑖 from 𝑚 𝑡𝑜 𝑛

3
 Hitting the Target
Writing and Evaluating Sums in Sigma Notation

Example 1: Expand the summation and simplify.

2
4 6

 (2i + 3)
n
 n +1
i
a. b. c.
i =2 i= 0 n =1

Solution: We apply the definition of sigma notation.

4

a.  (2i + 3) = 2(2) + 3 + 2(3) + 3 + 2(4) + 3Note:

i =2
 = 27the
value of i
5
starts at lower

b. 2
i= 0
i
= 20 + 21 + 22 + 23 + 24 + 25 = 63 bound value,
increases by
1, and ends at
6 upper bound
n 1 2 3 2 5 6
c. 
n =1 n + 1
= +
2 3
+ +
4 5 6
+ +
7
value.

Example 2: Write each expression in sigma notation.

1 1 1 1
a. 1 + + 3 + 4 + ⋯ + 100
2

b. −1 + 2 − 3 + 4 − 5 + 6 − 7 + 8 − 9 + · · · − 25
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
c. 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 + 32 + 64 + 128

Solution:
100
1 1 1 1 1
a.
1 + + + + ... + =
2 3 4 100 x =1 x
b. −1 + 2 − 3 + 4 − 5 + 6 − 7 + 8 − 9 + ... − 25
= (−1)1 (1) + (−1) 2 (2) + (−1)3 (3) + (−1) 4 (4) + (−1)5 (5) + ... + ( −1) 25 (25)
25
=  (−1) x ( x)
x =1

4
 7
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
c. 1 + + + + + + + = k
2 4 8 16 32 64 128 k =0 2

8
1
However, this answer is not unique. It can also be expressed as  k −1
2 k =1

Strengthening the Grasp

A. Expand the following summation.
8 k +1
i

4

1.
i =3 i − 2 x
4.  ( −1)
k =1
k
6 5

 5.  ( j − 3)
2
2. 3i
i =0 j =1
6

 (i + 2)
2
3.
i =1

B. Write the following expression in sigma notation

1. 5 + 8 + 11 + 14 + ⋯ + 32

2. 1 + 22 + 33 + 44 + ⋯ + 1212
1 1 1 1 1
3.
2
+ 4 + 6 + 8 + ⋯ + 30

1 1 1 1
4. 1− + − +
3 5 7 9

5. 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + ... +101

5
 Wrapping Up to Go

1. What is the use of sigma notation in series?

2. How do we expand the summation?
3. How do we write series in sigma notation?

Checking the Target

Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write it on your answer sheet.
1) What does the Greek symbol Σ represent in series?
A) Sum B) Product C) Difference D)
Quotient

2) What does 9 in the expression  5 − i represent?

i =1

A) lower bound C) upper bound

B) summand D) s u m m a t i o n

100

3) What does 𝑖 in the expression 

i =0
4i represent?

A) sum B) power C) exponent D) t e r m

For numbers 4 to 6. Write the expressions using sigma notation.

4) 11 + 14 + 17 + ⋯ + 35
11

 3i + 2
11

 3i
11

A)
n =3
B) i + 3
n =1
C)
n =3
D)

11

 3i + 2
n =1

1 2 3 5
5) + 𝑥+2 + 𝑥+3 + ⋯ + 𝑥+5
𝑥+1
5 5
1

5

 5i
i

5
i
B) 
i =1 x + i
A) C) D)
i =1 x + i i =1 xi i =1

6
6) 18 + 10 + 4 + ⋯ + 10
5

 n−3
5

 n(n + 3)
5

A)
n =−3
B)  n(n − 3)
n =−3
C)
n =1
D)

 n(n − 3)
n =3

For numbers 7 to 10. Expand the sigma notation.

6

7) 
i =0
3
2i
3 3 3 3 3
A) 0 + √2 + √3 + ⋯ + √6 C) 0 + √2 + √4 + ⋯ +
3
√12
3
3
B) √2 + √4 + ⋯ + √12
3 3
D) 0 + √12
25

8)  (2i)(3 − i)
i =0

A) 4 + 4 + 0 − 8 − ⋯ − 1650 C) 4 + 4 + 0 +8 + ⋯+
1650
B) 4 + 0 − 8 − ⋯ − 1650 D) 4 −4 − 0 − 8 −⋯−
1650
3

9) 3
i =−2
−i

1 1 1 1 1
A) 9 + 3 + 1 + 3 + 9 + 27 C) 9−3−1−3−9−
1
27
1 1 1
B) 9 + 3 +
27
D) 9+3−1+3−9+
1
27
9

10) a i =1
i2

A) 𝑎1+ 2𝑎4 + 3𝑎9 + ⋯ + 9𝑎81 C) 𝑎1 + 𝑎2 + 𝑎3 +

⋯ + 𝑎9
B) 𝑎1 + 4𝑎4 + 4𝑎9 + ⋯ + 81𝑎81 D) 𝑎1 + 𝑎4 + 𝑎9 +
⋯ + 𝑎81

7
 Enriching the Skill

1. Write the ( x − 5) + ( x − 3) + ( x − 1) + ... + ( x + 15) in sigma notation

in two possible ways.

8
Enriching the Skill Checking the Target
1. A
2. D
3. C
4. C
5. C
6. B
Strengthening the Grasp 7. A
A. 8. A
1. 9. D
10.C
2.
3.
4. 1 − 2 + 3 − 4 Trying the Challenge
5. 4 + 1 + 0 + 1 + 4
B. 1. A
1. 2. C
3. D
2. 4. A
5. B
3. 6. B
7. C
4. 8. A
9. A
5. 10.D
Finding the Score
References
1. Department of Education (2016). Precalculus Teacher’s Guide
(First Edition). Department of Education.
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Department of Education – Schools Division of Antique

San Jose de Buenavista, Antique

Telefax: (036) 540-9837

Email Address: [email protected]