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Introduction to Loops in Python

Estimated time needed: 10 minutes

Objectives
1. Understand Python loops.
2. How the loop Works
3. Learn about the needs for loop
4. Utilize Python's Range function.
5. Familiarize with Python's enumerate function.
6. Apply while loops for conditional tasks.
7. Distinguish appropriate loop selection.

What is a Loop?
In programming, a loop is like a magic trick that allows a computer to do something over and over again.
Imagine you are a magician's assistant, and your magician friend asks you to pull a rabbit out of a hat, but not
just once - they want you to keep doing it until they tell you to stop. That is what loops do for computers -
they repeat a set of instructions as many times as needed.

How Loop works?

Here's how it works in Python:

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Start: The for loop begins with the keyword for, followed by a variable that will take on each value in
a sequence.

Condition: After the variable, you specify the keyword in and a sequence, such as a list or a range, that
the loop will iterate through.

If Condition True:

1. The loop takes the first value from the sequence and assigns it to the variable.
2. The indented block of code following the loop header is executed using this value.
3. The loop then moves to the next value in the sequence and repeats the process until all values have
been used.

Statement: Inside the indented block of the loop, you write the statements that you want to repeat for
each value in the sequence.

Repeat: The loop continues to repeat the block of code for each value in the sequence until there are
no more values left.

If Condition False:

1. Once all values in the sequence have been processed, the loop terminates automatically.
2. The loop completes its execution, and the program continues to the next statement after the loop.

The Need for Loops

Think about when you need to count from 1 to 10. Doing it manually is easy, but what if you had to count to
a million? Typing all those numbers one by one would be a nightmare! This is where loops come in handy.
They help computers repeat tasks quickly and accurately without getting tired.

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Main Types of Loops

For Loops

For loops are like a superhero's checklist. A for loop in programming is a control structure that allows the
repeated execution of a set of statements for each item in a sequence, such as elements in a list or numbers in
a range, enabling efficient iteration and automation of tasks

Syntax of for loop

for val in sequence:

# statement(s) to be executed in sequence as a part of the loop.

Here is an example of For loop.

Imagine you're a painter, and you want to paint a beautiful rainbow with seven colors. Instead of picking up
each color one by one and painting the rainbow, you could tell a magical painter's assistant to do it for you.
This is what a basic for loop does in programming.

We have a list of colours.

colors = ["red", "orange", "yellow", "green", "blue", "indigo", "violet"]

Let's print the colour name in the new line using for loop.

for color in colors:

print(color)

In this example, the for loop picks each color from the colors list and prints it on the screen. You don't have to
write the same code for each color - the loop does it automatically!

Sometimes you do not want to paint a rainbow, but you want to count the number of steps to reach your goal.
A range-based for loop is like having a friendly step counter that helps you reach your target.
Here is how you might use a for loop to count from 1 to 10:

for number in range(1, 11):

print(number)

Here, the range(1, 11) generates a sequence from 1 to 10, and the for loop goes through each number in that
sequence, printing it out. It's like taking 10 steps, and you're guided by the loop!

Range Function

The range function in Python generates an ordered sequence that can be used in loops. It takes one or two
arguments:

If given one argument (e.g., range(11)), it generates a sequence starting from 0 up to (but not
including) the given number.
for number in range(11):
print(number)

If given two arguments (e.g., range(1, 11)), it generates a sequence starting from the first argument up
to (but not including) the second argument.

for number in range(1, 11):

print(number)

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The Enumerated For Loop

Have you ever needed to keep track of both the item and its position in a list? An enumerated for loop comes
to your rescue. It's like having a personal assistant who not only hands you the item but also tells you where
to find it.

Consider this example:

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange"]

for index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):
print(f"At position {index}, I found a {fruit}")

With this loop, you not only get the fruit but also its position in the list. It's as if you have a magical guide
pointing out each fruit's location!

While Loops

While loops are like a sleepless night at a friend's sleepover. Imagine you and your friends keep telling ghost
stories until someone decides it's time to sleep. As long as no one says, "Let's sleep" you keep telling stories.
A while loop works similarly - it repeats a task as long as a certain condition is true. It's like saying, "Hey
computer, keep doing this until I say stop!"

Basic syntax of While Loop.

while condition:
# Code to be executed while the condition is true
# Indentation is crucial to indicate the scope of the loop

For example, here's how you might use a while loop to count from 1 to 10:

count = 1
while count <= 10:
print(count)
count += 1

here's a breakdown of the above code.

1. There is a variable named count initialized with the value 1.

2. The while loop is used to repeatedly execute a block of code as long as a given condition is True. In
this case, the condition is count <= 10, meaning the loop will continue as long as count is less than or
equal to 10.

3. Inside the loop:

The print(count) statement outputs the current value of the count variable.

The count += 1 statement increments the value of count by 1. This step ensures that the loop will
eventually terminate when count becomes greater than 10.

4. The loop will continue executing as long as the condition count <= 10 is satisfied.

5. The loop will print the numbers 1 to 10 in consecutive order since the print statement is inside the loop
block and executed during each iteration.

6. Once count reaches 11, the condition count <= 10 will evaluate to False, and the loop will terminate.

7. The output of the code will be the numbers 1 to 10, each printed on a separate line.

The Loop Flow

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Both for and while loops have their special moves, but they follow a pattern:

Initialization: You set up things like a starting point or conditions.

Condition: You decide when the loop should keep going and when it should stop.

Execution: You do the task inside the loop.

Update: You make changes to your starting point or conditions to move forward.

Repeat: The loop goes back to step 2 until the condition is no longer true.

When to Use Each

For Loops: Use for loops when you know the number of iterations in advance and want to process each
element in a sequence. They are best suited for iterating over collections and sequences where the length is
known.

While Loops: Use while loops when you need to perform a task repeatedly as long as a certain condition
holds true. While loops are particularly useful for situations where the number of iterations is uncertain or
where you're waiting for a specific condition to be met.

Summary
In this adventure into coding, we explored loops in Python - special tools that help us do things over and over
again without getting tired. We met two types of loops: "for loops" and "while loops."

For Loops were like helpers that made us repeat tasks in order. We painted colors, counted numbers, and
even got a helper to tell us where things were in a list. For loops made our job easier and made our code look
cleaner.

While Loops were like detectives that kept doing something as long as a rule was true. They helped us take
steps, guess numbers, and work until we were tired. While loops were like smart assistants that didn't stop
until we said so.

Author(s)
Akansha Yadav

Changelog

Date Version Changed by Change Description

2023-21-08 1.0 Akansha Yadav Created a reading file

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