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B U I L D I N G S Y S T E M S

F O R M O R E I N F O R M AT I O N V I S I T B U I L D B L O C K . C O M / T R A I N I N G

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BUILDBLOCK BUILDING SYSTEMS

ICF SWIMMING POOL CONSTRUCTION MANUAL

REVISED AUGUST 2020

BUILDBLOCK ICF BUILDRADIUS BUILDLOCK KNOCKDOWN ICF GLOBALBLOCK ALL FOAM ICF

BUILDDECK BUILDBUCK BUILDCRETE HARDWALL BUILDSHIELD TERMITE & FIRESTOP THERMALSERT BUILDBRACE
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BUILDBLOCK SWIMMING POOL

CONSTRUCTION MANUAL

Table of Contents
PREFACE
Introduction...............................................................................................................................................V
Disclaimer
Trademarks
Acknowledgments

BUILDING A BUILDBLOCK ICF SWIMMING POOL

Overview & Introduction............................................................................................................................ 1
How To Use This Document:
Pool Engineering ...................................................................................................................................... 4
Swimming Pool Design Basics..................................................................................................................... 4
Pool Size
Pool location
Traditional Pool Styles
Choosing Your Pool Shape
Pool Design Shapes
Diving Boards & Water Slides
Pool Specialty Features
Pool Safety
Pool Finish Options.................................................................................................................................... 6
BuildCrete Pool Plaster
Pool Liners
ICF Test Pool Drawings............................................................................................................................... 7
ICF Pool Dimensioned Top View
ICF Pool Dimensioned Elevations
ICF Pool Dimensioned Isometric
Designing with BuildRadius ICF Forms....................................................................................................... 11
8' BuildRadius Dimensions
12' BuildRadius Dimensions
16' BuildRadius Dimensions
20' BuildRadius Dimensions
Introduction to Pool Materials:.................................................................................................................. 15
Pool Materials ........................................................................................................................................ 16

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BUILDBLOCK SWIMMING POOL

CONSTRUCTION MANUAL

TEST POOL COMPONENTS & MATERIALS

SITE PREPARATION AND EXCAVATION

Permitting & Code Compliance................................................................................................................. 18
Excavation Safety.................................................................................................................................... 18
Elevations & Benchmarks.......................................................................................................................... 19
Excavation.............................................................................................................................................. 19
Spoil & Backfill Material........................................................................................................................... 19

LAYING AND POURING FOUNDATIONS

Forming the Foundation........................................................................................................................... 20
Pool Floor Slope...................................................................................................................................... 21
Stirrups & Dowels.................................................................................................................................... 22
Pouring the Foundation............................................................................................................................ 22

STACKING THE POOL WALLS

Staging Materials.................................................................................................................................... 24
Laying the First Course............................................................................................................................. 24
Square, Plumb, and Level......................................................................................................................... 25
Install Reinforcement................................................................................................................................ 25

FORMING STEPS AND SETTING SLAB REBAR

Preparing the Slab for Concrete................................................................................................................ 27
Floor to Wall transitions........................................................................................................................... 28
Installing Skimmers, Electrical, and Plumbing............................................................................................. 28
Electrical................................................................................................................................................. 30
Lighting Sleeve Considerations
Wiring
Plumbing................................................................................................................................................. 30

POURING THE WALLS AND FLOOR

Preparing for the Pour.............................................................................................................................. 32
Pre-Pour Checklist.................................................................................................................................... 32
Pouring Strategies.................................................................................................................................... 32

GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT
Waterproofing The Walls......................................................................................................................... 34
Backfilling The Pool Walls......................................................................................................................... 35
Before Backfilling
Backfilling

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BUILDBLOCK SWIMMING POOL

CONSTRUCTION MANUAL
FINISHING AN ICF POOL
Setting Tile.............................................................................................................................................. 36
Tile Base Preparation
Placing And Pouring The Pool Coping And Pool Decking............................................................................ 38
Reinforcing Coping
Building Up BuildCrete............................................................................................................................. 40
Finishing The Pool.................................................................................................................................... 41
BuildCrete Pool Plaster Application Guidelines
BuildCrete Pool Plaster Coverage
Preparing the wall Surface
Mixing & Coloring BuildCrete Pool Plaster
Applying BuildCrete Pool Plaster
Finished Results

CONNECTING POOL EQUIPMENT

Conclusion:............................................................................................................................................. 45

APPENDIX
Appendix A: ICF Pool Construction Steps................................................................................................... 46
Appendix B: Common Pool Construction Terms.......................................................................................... 84

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BUILDBLOCK SWIMMING POOL

CONSTRUCTION MANUAL
PREFACE
INTRODUCTION
This version of the installation manual was published in TRADEMARKS
August 2020. Changes to this document, however, may occur
BuildBlock or BB BuildBlock, BuildLock, GlobalBlock,
without notice and users should contact BuildBlock Building
ThermalSert, BuildClip, BuildBrace, BuildDeck, BuildBlock
Systems LLC, for the most current printed or downloadable
Hardwall, and any other drawings, symbols, or marks
version at buildblock.com. It is the purchaser’s and/or
identifying products and/or services of BuildBlock Building
contractor’s responsibility to always use the most current and
Systems LLC are registered trademarks of BuildBlock Building
up-to-date version of the installation manual when installing
Systems LLC. All other trademarks drawings, symbols or
BuildBlock forms and/or products.
marks are the property of their respective owners.
This manual was designed to be used as a reference guide
only. This manual is not intended to be used as a replacement
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
or substitute for the actual training by an experienced and The original BuildBlock Swimming Pool Installation Manual
properly trained BuildBlock building professional. Before was created by Mike Garrett for BuildBlock Building Systems
starting any project BuildBlock recommends that you receive LLC.
proper training. BuildBlock also recommends that you consult Technical Writers: Mike Garrett, Brian Corder, and Micah
with design professionals familiar with the type and scope Garrett.
of project to be built. Training is available by contacting
Technical Drawings: Brian Corder, Micah Garrett and Dennis
BuildBlock Building Systems LLC at buildblock.com or 866-
Micoff.
222-2575.
BuildBlock Building Systems, LLC, believes the information
contained herein to be accurate at the time of writing and
preparation. The information has been compiled using
sources believed to be reliable. Neither BuildBlock Building
Systems, LLC, nor its employees or representatives make
any representation or warranty, either expressed or implied,
whether arising by statute, operation of law, custom of trade
or otherwise, with respect to the accuracy or completeness
of information contained in this document or its fitness for
any particular purpose, nor do they assume any liability
for damages or injury resulting from the application of such
information.
DISCLAIMER
BuildBlock Building Systems, LLC, assumes no responsibility
regarding the use of its products or any other third party
products referred to in this document. It is the full responsibility
of the user to comply with all applicable regulations and
building code requirements concerning the use of these
products and any other products outlined in this product
manual. It is further the responsibility of the user to research
and understand safe methods of use and handling of these
products. To properly comply with the building codes in your
area, contact your local distributor, dealer, or building code
inspector.

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BUILDBLOCK SWIMMING POOL CONSTRUCTION MANUAL

Figure 1: Pouring the ICF walls and floor of a pool.

BUILDING A BUILDBLOCK ICF SWIMMING POOL

OVERVIEW & INTRODUCTION HOW TO USE THIS DOCUMENT:
This guide covers many different topics for designing and
BuildBlock Insulating Concrete Forms are an excellent
building both backyard or small commercial swimming
product to use to build a swimming pool. The simplicity of
pools. The techniques and methods in this guide can be used
the forming system allows you to build a structurally sound
when constructing any size pool or water feature. We outline
pool that benefits from added thermal insulation. You will
most basic options and details to get pool builders. Building
be able to extend your swimming season, reduce energy
a swimming pool requires many different construction skills.
costs for heated pools, and lower overall maintenance costs.
Use this document to help you construct the areas that you
BuildBlock ICFs can be used for any size pool or design
feel confident building. Seek out the appropriate professional
and create a cost-effective and time-efficient solution for pool
assistance when you are not confident in your skill set to
construction.
complete the task.
BuildBlock has invested significant time and resources to help
Please note there are many options, methods, and details
you design and build a high-quality ICF pool. We have taken
that this document cannot cover. This guide is intended to
the time to create prescriptive engineering that provides a
be a starting resource for your project. If you have other
framework for below and above grade pool applications.
comments or questions, please reach out to our office directly.
These engineering tables provide a wealth of knowledge
and create peace of mind knowing your pool will be strong BuildBlock has also created other resources and manuals
and durable. that give in-depth explanations of the concepts and skills
needed to construct an ICF structure including a pool. If you
We created this manual in conjunction with building a test
are unfamiliar with any of the construction concepts in this
pool. This allowed us to test multiple accessory products and
manual, please reference our other manuals that cover many
installation methods. We want to share our experiences and
of these topics in more depth. These resources and more can
best practices in this guide.
be found on the BuildBlock website (buildblock.com) and our
We hope that this manual will help you build a superior pool YouTube Channel https://YouTube/c/BuildBlockICF.
that you can enjoy for years to come.

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BUILDBLOCK SWIMMING POOL CONSTRUCTION MANUAL

BUILDBLOCK COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE TO ICF

WATERPROOFING.
This document covers waterproofing ICF walls and structures.
BUILDBLOCK ONLINE RESOURCES
Paying proper attention to the movement of water around
BuildBlock resources are all available online. Visit the your pool can help deliver a longer lasting pool with less
BuildBlock website, training website and other resources at maintenance.
https://buildblock.com
You may deem this a necessary step depending on site
conditions. This guide will provide installation and accessory
product suggestions.

BUILDBLOCK INSTALLATION AND TECHNICAL MANUAL.

This document covers installing BuildBlock ICFs start to finish.
Many of the methods outlined in this manual apply to the
construction of an ICF pool. The ICF construction process BUILDRADIUS PRODUCT AND INSTALLATION MANUAL.
is straightforward and accessible to individuals of all skill
levels. Use local professional resources when possible if you This document covers information about the different radius
have questions. blocks, installation techniques and technical information.
The BuildRadius forms were designed to create pools of
different shapes and sizes. BuildRadius forms are currently
only available in a 6-inch core thickness. This guide will help
you create other radii and integrate them with the ICF wall.

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BUILDBLOCK SWIMMING POOL CONSTRUCTION MANUAL

BUILDRADIUS FORMS
BuildBlock developed its radius forms specifically with pools
in mind. Using radius forms in an ICF pool design is not
required, but these forms make building complex curves and
rounded edges as simple as stacking standard blocks. There
are six different radius block 90-degree arc lengths: 2’, 4’,
8’, 12’, 16’, and 20 feet. The measurement for the arc is
BUILDBLOCK ICF SWIMMING POOL ENGINEERING based on the outside length that the block travels in a 90
MANUAL. degree turn. Note the table later in this manual for more
This prescriptive engineering manual is specifically for the detailed dimensions and information. This information is also
design of swimming pools, cisterns, and other structures that found in the BuildRadius manual.
hold water. This manual will be the most important design DRAWING WITH BUILDRADIUS
guide for your pool project. All foundations, engineering,
steel rebar reinforcing requirements, and height limitations When working with the radius blocks, often an arc line
can be found in this manual. This manual does the size and can be drawn that matches the specific dimensions of the
complexity of pools can be built based on this engineering. If product, and then a wall type can be applied directly to that
you require site specific engineering, your engineer may use arc line to create the needed curvature.
these tables as a starting point for your project. You can also visit the BIM section of the BuildBlock website
BUILDBLOCK CAD DETAILS. to download models in 2D and 3D that will work in a variety
of different software platforms.
This CAD details section of the manual provides a broad
range of construction details that might be useful in your The pool engineering manual is one of the best resources
project. Construction of an ICF wall is standard across many when starting a design. Noting these points will prevent
types of construction both residential and commercial. potential mistakes during the design phase of the pool.

BUILDBLOCK (ICFs) INSULATING CONCRETE FORMS (4”-8” BUILDCRETE POOL PLASTER

CORE SIZES) & BUILDLOCK KD (4"-12"+ CORE SIZES) BuildCrete Pool Plaster adheres and bonds extremely well to
BuildBlock ICF forms combine the standard features you’ve EPS foam and concrete. When curing, it forms a crystalline
come to expect in a quality ICF and unique patented structure that mechanically binds to the foam making it
improvements you’ll find in no other block. BuildBlock is the nearly inseparable. BuildCrete Pool Plaster can also be used
most install friendly ICF on the market creating less waste, as a base coat to float and attach tile, or as a base for other
installing quickly, and eliminating costly accessories. desired finishes such as marbleized plaster or Pebble Tec.
It is easy to patch if you have future issues, and is 100%
All BuildBlock forms are designed to save time, money, and waterproof. It is also resistant to staining and algae.
hassle from beginning to end. BuildBlock is designed to
create the strongest structures on time and on budget.

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BUILDBLOCK SWIMMING POOL CONSTRUCTION MANUAL

DRAWING ICF POOL PLANS in your design and

safe construction of
Pro Tip
It is important to design and draw your your pool. To minimize ICF waste, design
pool to scale by hand or with a CAD Pro Tip your pool using ICF friendly
based program. Having a drafted plan In the BuildBlock
Review table dimensions. All webs have 6”
will ensure that your project is built to the Pool Engineering
“1.0” and spacing. Designing in 6” wall
correct dimensions and gives a reference Manual there are
consider the length increments will decrease
when working with other contractors. design tables for
actual radius product waste. All ICF forms are
above and below
Before you begin designing, please and diameter easy to cut and any piece that has
ground pools. Note
reference the Pool Engineering Manual. of each type of interior web remaining can be
the different tables
It provides suggestions on which block radius block. used in other places in the wall.
for core thickness
size to use based on the parameters Note the arc of 6” and 8” BuildBlock ICFs have a 1”
of your pool design. Review the radius as walls along with repeating pattern, so you can
subsequent sections of this guide for opposed to the heights above and cut off as little as 1” and use the
more information. actual inside below 4 feet. Soil remaining portion of the block
ICF blocks come in standard core or outer radius conditions, wall with the webs intact. ICF walls
thicknesses. Generally, when buildig of the block. height and backfill can be designed in smaller
a pool will be using 6” or 8” core ICF This sometimes volume dictate the increments so don’t limit yourself.
blocks will be used. This size means creates an area concrete core size For maximum ease of installation
that the concrete will be 6” or 8” thick of confusion for and rebar required. keep dimensions in one-inch
and contained in 2 1/2” of foam on designers. As a rule of thumb, increments at a minimum.
either side. This gives a wall thickness increases in wall
of 11” or 13” inches. Please note that height and backfill
BuildRadius forms are currently only available in the 6” volume increase the necessary core thickness of concrete
concrete core size. and amount of reinforcement required for the wall. Consult
In most CAD based programs a wall thickness can be with local code officials regarding information related to soil
specified and the plan created just as a top down floor plan conditions. Please review the tables in the manual before
would. When working with the radius blocks, often an arc drawing your plans and making a block purchase.
line can be drawn to a specific radius. The wall type can The manual also covers standard footing sizes for specified
then be applied to the radius line and connected to the rest wall heights. Consider soil conditions and the loading
of the drawing. Use this process to draw a variety of the characteristics of the walls. All footing designs are based
different radius. You can also visit the BIM section of the on a minimum soil load of 2000 lbs/psf. There are several
BuildBlock website to download models in 2D and 3D for details that are referenced throughout this manual. Reference
several programs and in a many file formats. these details throughout your build to prevent challenges and
costly mistakes.

SWIMMING POOL DESIGN BASICS

The swimming pool design is one of the most important
decisions you can make. This choice will directly affect
the construction, required level of maintenance, location,
excavation, and experience needed.
POOL SIZE
The average residential pool size in the North America is
roughly 15'x30' although sizes can vary greatly from region
to region. The smallest pools are usually about 10'x20'
and the largest are typically around 40' long built for lap
swimmers. ICF pool are generally finished using a pool
plaster or other finishing system or use a pool liner.
POOL LOCATION
Take into consideration where on your property you will
place the pool. There are several factors that can influence
POOL ENGINEERING this decision.
Read the pool engineering design manual which can be
• Water runoff from your house and neighboring areas.
found in the resources section of the BuildBlock website.
This will also affect the type of coping or decking you
The manual lays out a range of design parameters that will
choose. If needed, berms, French drains, and waterways
form the structure of the pool. The manual references wall
can be built to divert water around and away from the
heights, rebar, core size, and footing information. Do not
pool area.
skip reading this document. Take the time to read and review
all notes and details. Understanding this document will assist

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BUILDBLOCK SWIMMING POOL CONSTRUCTION MANUAL

• The visibility of pool from inside house or deck both for depth requirements and have plenty of room.
aesthetics or supervision.
CHOOSING YOUR POOL SHAPE
• The location of utilities or easements, In most areas these
The specific pool construction site may strongly influence the
are buried in the backyard or run overhead and may
pool design. Tight space constraints may require a smaller
have to be moved if within the pool area
Kidney or Lagoon shape. Landscaping will also influence
• The location of pool equipment, which is usually near the how the pool is designed. All of these decisions are yours to
house or a designated area nearby. This is usually an a make, but once decided, very little can be changed.
area of 4’x8’ and should be nearby to reduce plumbing
In terms of pool shapes, there are endless possibilities, but
distance and provide easy access to utilities.
there are several common shapes to choose from that cover
• Pool acces. How will people access the pool? What the majority of pools built today.
type of fencing is required or other safety concerns such
RECTANGULAR POOL DESIGN
as permanent covers, etc.
The most popular pool shape of all time is a simple rectangle.
TRADITIONAL POOL STYLES This basic geometric shape and proportion make it a suitable
There are three common styles of pool designs that are style for most outdoor spaces. This makes design easy and
popular today: level, sport and traditional. This doesn’t affect allows for the accommodation of features such as tanning
the shape of the pool, but the design of pool depth. Each of shelfs, diving boards, water slides and other features.
these styles have advantages and disadvantages. Choose FREE-FORM POOL DESIGNS
the best style for you based on your pool needs.
A free-form pool is a non-rectangular pool with flowing lines
Traditional Pool Styles that can take virtually any shape. Moving from one rounded
shape to another is visually pleasing and allows the pool to
integrate into landscaping or other site considerations.
Top
View LAGOON POOL DESIGN
A lagoon pool design is a free-form pool with an enhanced
3’ 3’ 3’ 4’ 9’ 3’ 6’ 3’
serpentine shape.
Side ROMAN END POOL DESIGN
View
A roman end is a squared end with a centered arch. This
classic design is popular in many different settings and can
Level Traditional Deep End Sport Style have a single arched end or a double.
Figure 2: General Pool Styles INFINITY EDGE POOLS
LEVEL POOLS A infinity edge (also called a vanishing edge) lowers one or
This pool doesn’t have a deep end in a traditional sense. more sides of the pool so water can spill over the pool lip,
It will have a slightly sloped end toward the drains, but in giving the appearance of a vanishing waterline.
general is the same depth across the entire pool length. If
you are building the pool for lap swimming or site challenges
such as a high water table area or some other geographical
challenge, such as rock formations which won’t allow deep
excavation for pool construction this may be the best choice.
This is the style of pool built as an example for this manual.
It works extremely well as a swim-in-place pool using the
Fastlane System by Endless Pools.
TRADITIONAL POOL WITH DEEP END
These are sometimes called hopper pools and is a very
popular style. It's what most people think of when they
think of an in-ground swimming pool. It has a shallow end,
with stairs for entry and exit into the pool on one end. The
opposite end is the deep end and may feature a water slide
or diving board and uses ladders mounted to the sides for
entry and exit.
SPORT POOLS
This style is ecoming increasingly popular. A sport swimming
pool design features shallow ends on both ends of the pool,
and is deeper in the center. This pool design makes it easy
for pool games where both sides will be at an equal depth.
Other features such as diving boards and water slides are
also possible, but must be designed so that they comply with

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POOL DESIGN SHAPES POOL SAFETY

Safety features are also a consideration when designing
your pool. Requirements such as fencing, roll-away pool
covers, in place covers, or other safety options must also be
Rectangular Lazy-L Shaped consider.

POOL FINISH OPTIONS

BUILDCRETE POOL PLASTER
BuildCrete Pool Plaster is the recommended finish for all
Double Roman
Oasis ICF pools. This coating system is robust and durable and
will outlast other systems on the market when installed
correctly. This finish is a unique synthetic coating that uses an
embedded fiberglass mesh and is applied in a single coat.
As it cures that material crystalizes and grows into the EPS
foam surface.
Single Roman Mountain Pond This mechanical attachment as well as the strong 11oz mesh
deliver more than 3500psi of strength to the surface of the
pool. The material is 100% waterproof and doesn't support
the growth of mold or mildew. It is very easily cleaned as
needed and can be colored to meet your design needs.
This material can also be used as a base for the tile or
combined with thinset or other finish options. This finish
Lagoon
L-Shaped is also used on the concrete pool floor. It bonds extremly
well and provides a unified look and texture. Refer to other
sections in this manual for more information.
POOL LINERS
Pool liners are one option for building an ICF pool. The
Grecian
specifics of liner pools are outside the scope of this manual,
Kidney
but there are several basics we will address.
FLOOR CONSTRUCTION
There are several options for the construction of the pool floor.
This can include a sand bottom, Vermiculite, or concrete.
Oval Gothic SAND BOTTOM POOLS
Sand is generally not recommended because there is no
structural floor. This prevents structurally joining walls to
Figure 3: Examples of pool shapes. the structural floor of the pool and is outside the scope of
DIVING BOARDS & WATER SLIDES BuildBlock Swimming Pool Engineering.
If you want a pool with a diving board a traditional deep VERMICULITE BOTTOM POOLS
end pool may be required. There are standards that will Vermiculite is a combination of Portland cement, sand, and
determine the depth, slope and distance at depth needed to vermiculite. After the walls of the pools are positioned and
safely accommodate these features. Diving boards typically poured, vermiculite is mixed with Portland cement and then
requires a larger pool which are well suited for Rectangle, troweled on the bottom of the pool creating the floor and
L-Shape, or Larger Free Form pools shapes. cove transition. It takes several hours to install that must be
If you prefer a pool without a diving end port bottom or rain free until the material has set.
level bottom pools are great for activities and games such It is slightly softer than concrete to walk on and was developed
as volleyball, basketball or other pool games. These types to provide a structural pool bottom (an improvement over
of pools are more popular today, providing more usable sand), but also be porous to allow groundwater to move
play area, but these pools are typically non-diving swimming through it to prevent cracking.
pools. The shape, size and depth will determine what If ground water is an issue, proper waterproofing and
features your pool will safely support. groundwater management should be used in conjunction with
POOL SPECIALTY FEATURES a gravity drain to daylight or a sump system. Groundwater
Determine what other design features you will want to intrusion can cause floating and other problems with the liner.
integrate into the pool such as a hot tub, change in depth See Groundwater Management section later in this manual.
for a tanning shelf or swim up seating, spa, water features,
waterfalls, or other elements. Planning for these features is
critical when creating the pool design.

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BUILDBLOCK SWIMMING POOL CONSTRUCTION MANUAL

CONCRETE POOL FLOOR COPING AND TRACK

The ICF mix for the walls is also be used for the pool bottom. The coping and track to attached a liner will be dictated by
The pool walls and floor should be poured at the same the liner choice. We recommend a poured coping with the
time and structurally tied together as described later in this track using forms made by Stegmeier. If using a different
manual. track system you may want to consider a Double-Taper Top
block for extra concrete bearing at the top. If not feasible,
you can field cut the top forms between webs, leaving 1"
of foam at the top. Brace and strap appropriately before
pouring. Other systems, tracks, etc. are possible but outside
the scope of this manual.
Refer to liner or manufacturer installation instructions.

ICF TEST POOL DRAWINGS

ICF POOL DIMENSIONED TOP VIEW

Figure 4: BuildBlock Test Pool Design

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ICF POOL DIMENSIONED ELEVATIONS

Figure 5: BuildBlock Test Pool Design Elevations

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BUILDBLOCK SWIMMING POOL CONSTRUCTION MANUAL

ICF POOL DIMENSIONED ISOMETRIC

Figure 6: BuildBlock Test Pool Design Isometric View.

Figure 7: Completed BuildBlock Test Pool.

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TABLE 1.0 BUILDRADIUS SPECIFICATIONS

SPECIFICATIONS

PRODUCT ID BBR-602 BBR-604 BBR-608 BBR-612 BBR-616 BBR-620

90° ARC LENGTH 2ft / 60.96 cm 4ft / 121.92 cm 8ft / 243.84 cm 12ft / 365.76 cm 16ft / 487.68 cm 20ft / 609.6 cm

BLOCK ANGLE 90° 90° 22.5° 15° 11.25° 9°

OUTER ARC LENGTH 24 in / 60.96 cm 48 in / 121.92 cm 24 in / 60.96 cm 24 in / 60.96 cm 24 in / 60.96 cm 24 in / 60.96 cm

INNER ARC LENGTH 20.1875 in / 51.27 cm 30.68 in / 77.94 cm 19.75 in / 50.16 cm 21.125 in / 53.65 cm 21.8125 in / 55.40 cm 22.25 in / 56.51 cm

18 in / 6 in 12 in / 0
STRAIGHT LEG 0 0 0 0
45.72 cm / 15.24 cm 30.48 cm / 0

PANEL HEIGHT 16 in / 40.64 cm 16 in / 40.64 cm 16 in / 40.64 cm 16 in / 40.64 cm 16 in / 40.64 cm 16 in / 40.64 cm

OUTER PANEL 5.333 ft2 6.667 ft2 2.667 ft2 2.667 ft2 2.667 ft2 2.667 ft2
SURFACE AREA 0.4951 m2 0.6193 m2 0.2477 m2 0.2477 m2 0.2477 m2 0.2477 m2

INNER PANEL 4.19 ft2 4.743 ft2 2.194 ft2 2.347 ft2 2.424 ft2 2.472 ft2
SURFACE AREA 0.3892 m2 0.4406 m2 0.2038 m2 0.2180 m2 0.2251 m2 0.229 m2

CONCRETE 0.056296 yd³ 0.105645 yd³ 0.045099 yd³ 0.04642 yd³ 0.04715 yd³ 0.047606 yd³
VOLUME 0.043041 m3 0.080771 m3 0.03448 m3 0.035490 m3 0.036048 m3 0.036397 m3

2.55 ft. / 30.56 in 5.09 ft. / 61.12 in 10.19 ft. / 122.23 in 15.28 ft. / 183.35 in 20.37 ft. / 244.46 in 25.46 ft. / 305.58 in
OUTER DIAMETER
77.72 cm 155.14 cm 310.59 cm 465.73 cm 620.88 cm 776.02 cm

1.27 ft / 15.28 in 2.55 ft / 30.56 in 5.09 ft / 61.12 in 7.64 ft / 91.67 in 10.19 ft / 122.23 in 12.73 ft / 152.79 in
OUTER RADIUS
38.81 cm 77.724 cm 155.14 cm 232.87cm 310.59 cm 388.01 cm

0.71 ft / 8.5 in 3.26 ft / 39.125 in 8.35 ft / 100.25 in 13.45 ft / 161.375 in 18.54 ft / 222.5 in 23.63 ft / 283.625 in
INNER DIAMETER
21.64 cm 99.36 cm 254.51 cm 409.96 cm 565.1 cm 720.24 cm

INNER RADIUS 0.36 ft / 10.97 cm 1.63 ft / 49.68 cm 4.18 ft / 127.41 cm 6.72 ft / 204.82 cm 9.27 ft / 282.54 cm 11.82 ft / 360.27 cm

CIRCUMFERENCE 8 ft / 2.4384 m 16 ft / 4.8768 m 32 ft / 9.7536 m 48 ft / 14.6304 m 64 ft / 19.5072 m 80 ft / 24.384 m

2.5" / 5" Total 2.5"/ 5" Total 2.5" / 5" Total 2.5" / 5" Total 2.5" / 5" Total 2.5" / 5" Total
EPS FOAM DEPTH
6.35 cm / 12.7 cm Total 6.35 cm / 12.7 cm Total 6.35 cm / 12.7 cm Total 6.35 cm / 12.7 cm Total 6.35 cm / 12.7 cm Total 6.35 cm / 12.7 cm Total

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BUILDBLOCK SWIMMING POOL CONSTRUCTION MANUAL

DESIGNING WITH BUILDRADIUS ICF walls with BuildRadius forms and will require no custom
fabrication.
FORMS Common seams where the curves intersect other curves or
BuildRadius forms are available in 2ft, 4,ft 8ft, 12ft, 16ft, straight walls will require strapping or other reinforcement.
and 20ft arc radii. The 2ft and 4ft forms each turn 90° in a
8' BUILDRADIUS DIMENSIONS
single form. The previous table has etailed specifications for
these forms. The following dimensions may be used to construct pools
and radius walls with BuildRadius forms, and will require no
The following diagrams show the inner and outer radius and
custom fabrication.
diameter of the 8ft, 12ft, 16ft, and 20ft BuildRadius forms.
These dimensions may be used to construct pools and radius

8ft BuildRadius Dimensions

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BUILDBLOCK SWIMMING POOL CONSTRUCTION MANUAL

12' BUILDRADIUS DIMENSIONS

The following dimensions may be used to construct pools and radius walls with BuildRadius forms and will require no custom
fabrication.

12ft BuildRadius Dimensions

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BUILDBLOCK SWIMMING POOL CONSTRUCTION MANUAL

16' BUILDRADIUS DIMENSIONS

The following dimensions may be used to construct pools and radius walls with BuildRadius forms and will require no custom
fabrication.

16ft BuildRadius Dimensions

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BUILDBLOCK SWIMMING POOL CONSTRUCTION MANUAL

20' BUILDRADIUS DIMENSIONS

The following dimensions may be used to construct pools and radius walls with BuildRadius forms and will require no custom
fabrication.

20ft BuildRadius Dimensions

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BUILDBLOCK SWIMMING POOL CONSTRUCTION MANUAL

Figure 8: BuildBlock ICF Pool with footings poured and first two courses set.

such as EPS foam or formed

INTRODUCTION TO POOL MATERIALS: from concrete making a solid Pro Tip
ICF pool materials can be broken down into three parts. The base to build on.
first part are the materials to build the structure. The second How to finish an ICF
Pool specific equipment varies pool is one of the main
are the materials that are pool specific such as equipment
basd on the applications choices you need to
and fixtures. The third are materials specific to the finish of
and pool specific needs. make when building
the pool such as plaster and tile.
Most every pool will have an ICF pool. Very few
The structure of an ICF pool uses only a few basic materials. equipment such as drains, products adhere directly
The walls are constructed on a footing made from concrete skimmers, lights, jets, pump, to the EPS foam and
and rebar. The walls themselves are built using BuildBlock and filtration equipment. create a finish that will
Insulating Concrete Forms, which are made from expanded perform to our high
Setup and style will vary from
polystyrene foam and polypropylene plastic webs. standards.
manufacturer to manufacturer.
The forms are filled with both rebar and concrete. The forms More complex equipment To solve this problem
stay in place creating may be used depending on we highly recommend
straight and stronger the application, pool use BuildCrete Pool Plaster
Pro Tip walls for your pool or size. The sky is the limit for the pool inside
Though it was usually cheaper finish and providing when it comes to unique finish and for any
to buy supplies on the Internet a lifetime of insulation pool equipment applications. outside finish for above
rather than getting an account performance to reduce Making these choices early ground portions where
with a local pool supply house. pool operating costs. in the process will dictate applicable. BuildCrete
Having a local resource that The coping on the top many design and construction Pool Plaster has a
is able and willing to answer of the wall is usually a decisions. long life and is 100%
questions and take in an interest concrete or masonry The third pool material that waterproof.
in your project is worth it. product or natural needs to be considered for
Take the time to research and stone. The pool bottom an ICF pool are pool finishes.
talk with your local suppliers. will often be a concrete Common finishes for ICF pools include plaster, tiles, natural
Every marketplace is different, slab, or when a liner is stone, liners, and other specialty finishes. Each of these
and it is also good to support used sand, concrete or finishes may align better with certain construction methods.
local businesses when you can. vermiculite. Research is recommended early in the design stage.
In building our test pool we Seating and steps can Lastly, just add water and chlorine and you are ready to
used several local and regional be constructed from enjoy your beautiful new ICF pool.
supply companies. a variety of materials

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BUILDBLOCK SWIMMING POOL CONSTRUCTION MANUAL

POOL MATERIALS
Once your pool is designed and you're ready to begin,
we recommend purchasing all supplies in advance of
construction. This will reduce construction time and ensure
that you have all the products available to finish your build.
Making sure you have all sleeves and other fixtures ready to
mount in the forms before you pour will save time, hassle and
eliminate costly mistakes.
Listed below in this section are most of the items you will
need for the construction of your pool. This list is not intended
to be comprehensive, but gives you an idea of the types of
products you should consider.

TEST POOL COMPONENTS & MATERIALS

ITEM MODEL / SPECIFICATIONS SUPPLIER
Hayward Series CL100 or CL200 we used the CL200 size by pool In the Swim Discount Pool Supplies &
Chlorine Feeder
size Equipment
Use a 3000psi or 3500 psi concrete mix with a 3/8” inch
aggregate. Tell your concrete supplier this needs to be a pump
Concrete mix. Usually concrete suppliers have a concrete design for ICF, but Local RediMix Supplier
if they don’t list out the above specifications. Contact us for more
information.
BuildBlock Building Systems
Swim in place current generator by Endless Pools purchased from
FastLane https://buildblock.com
BuildBlock Building Systems.
405-840-3386 O | 866-222-2575 TF
Foam insulation can also be used under slab to improve the overall
performance of the pool. It is recommended to use at least 1” inch
EPS insulation panels under your slab and steel rebar. Source this Source from local building materials
Foam Insulation
locally using 2’ foot by 8’ foot sheets or 4’ foot by 8’ foot sheets. supplier or lumber yard.
Make sure your fill under the insulation is level and smooth so there
are no voids under the insulation.
French drain system that is also used to form the foundations you can BuildBlock Building Systems
Form-A-Drain find out more about it from our website at the following link. https:// https://buildblock.com
buildblock.com/products/accessories/form-a-drain/) 405-840-3386 O | 866-222-2575 TF
BuildBlock Building Systems
ICF Blocks BuildBlock ICF’s can be purchased from our website. https://buildblock.com
405-840-3386 O | 866-222-2575 TF
BuildCrete Pool Plaster

The plaster comes in 75 lb. bags and a single bag covers 27 sq. ft.
at 1/4 inch thickness and 21 sq. ft. at 3/8 thickness. 3/8” thickness
works well on the walls and if using a concrete slab for the floor 1/4”
works well there. Transition from walls to floor should be 3/8” inches
thick. BuildBlock Building Systems
Plaster https://buildblock.com
Note: The plaster is required to float the base of any tile used on 405-840-3386 O | 866-222-2575 TF
BuildBlock ICF’s. Very few materials attach directly to the foam.

Note: When ordering pool plaster make sure to order the 11oz
fiberglass mesh. The mesh can be shipped along with your of
BuildCrete pool plaster. Plaster installation Instructions can be found at
buildblock.com
The BuildCrete Pool Plaster color can be aesthetically detracting, Colors for the Plaster can be purchased
however, there are several ways to color the product and achieve a from
Plaster Color range of different finishes. We choose white color Ti02 for the test
pool which matched very closely to the white concrete used for the Direct Colors Inc.
coping. https://directcolors.com/

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The Cap Stone Form model # 9CF112 was used for the test pool and
gave a 3.5 inch cap around the pool for the coping. It is combined
with a PVC strip to cover the top of the tile which gives a clean
straight finish under the cap on the tile top face. This material was
purchased from a Local Stegmeier Dealer

Note: There are many options for deck copings. Brick pavers, deck
Pool Coping and pavers, tile, or poured concrete shaped to multiple styles can all
https://www.stegmeier.com/
Liner Forms be used. Stegmeier LLC has a great catalog of different forms with
multiple face finishes and styles. Other options may consider built in
Fiber Optic or LED lighting around the top of the pool. pool cover
insert attachments are also important to consider at this stage.

Note: If installing a pool liner in lieu of using plaster or our BuildCrete

Pool plaster there are fittings that can be installed in the pool decking
or coping when they are poured.
Pool Drain Hayward WG1154AVPAK2 2 Inch fittings Pool Supply World
This manual doesn't cover everything. We found a great resource
In our research we discovered the website Expert Pool Advice -
Pool Education Resources http://swimmingpoolsteve.com
Swimming Pool Steve. This site has a wealth of information and
resources that you should find very useful.
Pentair Aqua-Light 250 Watt 120 Volt Model #77168100 with
matching Spa Bright/Aqua Light Niche housing with 3/4” rear fitting
model #78244200. This is the housing holding and grounding the
light that is plumbed in place in the poured concrete.
Pool Lights Pool Express
Note the housing with 1/2“ fitting made it very hard to pull the wire
through. Use 3/4” size at least which is the model noted. Also note
the wire length needed for your application as the line is a waterproof
grade. Larger pools my want to use 3 or 4 lights.
Doheny’s 2-Speed pumps 1.5 h.p. item #7814 for 110volt or #7819 Doheny’s
Pool Pump
for 220 volt. Very nice pumps for the price. https://doheny.com/
Polaris Model 380 with 3/4 HP booster pump purchased from Pool
Supply World. Note there are many pool sweepers on the market but
Pool Sweeper
have had good success with this model. It is expensive but performs
well and is high quality.
It is highly recommended to use nothing less than schedule 40 PVC
pipe or higher on your entire job. For any electric wiring applications These materials can be sourced from a
PVC Pipe
use waterproof ridged PVC conduit with the proper fittings to maintain local supplier.
its watertight service
Return Water Fittings Hayward Spa Eyeball Jet Hydrostream Insider Fittings 3/4” Opening Amazon sold by Pool Supply Town.
Hayward ProSeries High Rate Sand Filter We will use the 27” model
S270T or S27T2. With the Hayward Series Vari-Flo /XL valve on top.
Note you will want to search out the correct size tank for your pool Pool Supplies Superstore
Sand Filter
size off their website as well as the valve on top comes in different https://poolsuppliessuperstore.com/
size fittings of 1.5 to 2 Inch. Try to match your pool pump fitting sizes
to your valve size when you purchase them.
Hayward Auto-Skimmer Model SP1082 for in ground pools if for
Skimmer
above ground pools use SP-1080.
Use Grade 60 which is the most commonly stocked material. Make Source from local steel supplier or lumber
Steel Rebar
sure to review the engineering guidelines on bar sizing. yard.
Use only tile that is approved for pools. Normal tiles will spall over
Tile time. Adhesives such as thinset can be sourced locally from a tile
store, or other building supply sources.
NUVO model #UV3000AUS
UV Sterilizer Note we used both the chlorinator and the UV Sterilizer and it helped Solaxx Water Treatment Solutions
control algae throughout the swimming season.
When waterproofing the exterior walls of the pool we recommend
BuildBlock Building Systems
Poly Wall Home Stretch Membrane. Use in conjunction with a water
Water Proofing https://buildblock.com
based primer applied to the exterior ICF pool walls prior to the
405-840-3386 O | 866-222-2575 TF
application of the membrane. Each roll is 200 sq. ft. of material.

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BUILDBLOCK SWIMMING POOL CONSTRUCTION MANUAL

Figure 9: Excavation area marked and benchmark established.

SITE PREPARATION AND EXCAVATION

PERMITTING & CODE COMPLIANCE
Many areas in the country will require a building permit
first. Construction plans including a site plan will need to
be submitted as part of plan review. Some regions also
require your contractor’s name and license number. In other
areas you have the right to build and name yourself as
the contractor. Review these guidelines with local building
officials. Consider any easements and utility lines that may
impede your build and delay the permitting process.
Once a permit is acquired, start by laying out the rough
dimensions of the pool using stakes. Plan for additional
excavation around the pool so that you have room to work
Figure 10: Be aware of underground services such as sprinklers and other private lines.
and install the footings and walls. An additional 3-4 feet
should be adequate. Take note of typical excavation safety Additionally it is important to think about any service lines
practices. It can be very dangerous working in excavated that may not be maintained by others. Services such as
areas, especially with unstable soils, where walls can collapse geothermal, septic and sewer, sprinkler systems, phone lines,
inward on workers. It is important to follow guidelines, such TV and other private lines may all be present.
as sloping the dig, benching, or supporting the dig in areas Also note that digging the hole for the pool creates a holding
where you are digging deeply. It can be very dangerous area for any ground water that is held in the soil above the
working in unstable soil when a wall collapses inward on bottom of the pool dig. Having a water pump available may
workers. be necessary to keep the hole dry. Often just a 1/3 to 1/2
H.P. sump pump with a water hose attached will suffice but
EXCAVATION there are times when a much bigger pump will be necessary.
SAFETY Remember ground water and rainwater will be an issue as
well as runoff.
Remember before digging to
have utility companies mark In some locations an exit trench may be dug extending from
their utility lines locations. the deep end of the hole downhill to open ground. When
Many areas of the country digging the hole it is important to dig deep enough to handle
have “before you dig” the foundations. Depending on the foundation type it may be
services where utility possible to dig trenches for the footing and leave the center
companies will come area of the hole slightly higher.
mark the locations of
any lines.

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BUILDBLOCK SWIMMING POOL CONSTRUCTION MANUAL

Figure 11: Elevations & finished pool dimensions established. Figure 13: Excavate the hole check finished elevations and depths of the hole

ELEVATIONS & BENCHMARKS EXCAVATION

Before digging, establish your finished elevations and the Excavate the hole. Replace the string lines and check finished
exact dimensions of the finished pool. This can be done elevations and depth of the hole. Ensure that adequate depth
using batter boards or string lines. String lines will need to has been achieved. It is usually better to over dig than under
be removed while the dig is taking place. Place benchmarks dig. If possible use a construction laser level and measuring
well outside of the digging area, as the excavator will need rod with receiver. This will save potential headaches and
room to work. return trips from the excavator.
Take time to lay out your footing at this stage. Run a set of
string lines, and ensure that any changes in elevation, such
as stepped footings have been adequately excavated. This
will save time and energy later. The more time spent verifying
at this stage will help prevent potential future problems.

Figure 12: Keep all benchmarks established throughout the pool building process

Make sure to keep all benchmarks established throughout

the pool building process. The benchmark will be used to set
elevations throughout the build process. Mark the outline of
the dig with chalk, Lyme powder, Portland cement powder,
or wheat flour. This will ensure that the excavator stays as Figure 14: Plan for removal of excess spoil and retain material for backfill.
close as possible to the digging parameters set.
Over digging doesn't create as much of an issue as it does SPOIL & BACKFILL MATERIAL
with gunite or other pool systems since the concrete is
Lastly, consider the amount of dirt that needs to be hauled
constrained in the ICF forms. But it will take more backfill
off less the amount needed for backfill. Note that backfill
and labor to correct.
must be soil that is adequate for that purpose and be highly
compactable. Soil containing significant amounts of rock
or sand will not be sufficient as they are not compactable
materials.
High clay or expansive soils are not recommended either as
they can create excessive back pressure on the walls due to
fluid density. If this is a concern, it is best to contact a local
soil engineer for their opinion.

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BUILDBLOCK SWIMMING POOL CONSTRUCTION MANUAL

Figure 15: ICF Pool footings formed using Form-A-Drain a stay in place footing forming and foundation drainage system.

LAYING AND POURING FOUNDATIONS

your plans and the detail drawing PE4B on page 9 of the
FORMING THE FOUNDATION engineering manual to do this. Note that the outside edge of
Assuming the hole is dug properly to the correct elevations it is the foundations should be between 4 and 12 inches from the
time to layout the pool foundation and walls. A BuildBlock ICF outside of the pool walls as per the detail.
pool is built using the same type of standards and practices
as you would use to build a basement, except the goal is to
keep the water on the inside. Review the engineering details
for footings to ensure that wall placement will be adequately
supported. Since the hole was over dug, there should be
adequate room to place string lines and batter boards.
The batter boards will be left in place until the walls are fully
installed. Measure down from the benchmark lines set above
the hole and transpose those lines with a plumb bob to the
same positions in the bottom of the hole. Now place strings
to the outside of the walls first and square your dimensions
up aligning them with the above lines.
Set another set of string lines for the outside of the foundation
and set their heights according to your plans and elevations.
This will determine the pool wall height. Remember that
blocks can be cut down if needed on the top course. Use Figure 16: ICF pool with step footings.

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BUILDBLOCK SWIMMING POOL CONSTRUCTION MANUAL

POOL FLOOR SLOPE

In instances where a pool slopes towards a deep end, mark
the exact locations where the steps in the foundations will be
located. Steps will typically be done in 8” or 16” increments.
BuildBlock ICF forms are 16” nominal dimensions and can
easily be cut in half to match a typical 8” step.
Rebar pins can be set on the sides of the steps and stretched
to the matching step on the other side of the pool. These can
then be checked for level, ensuring that wall heights across
the pool remain level.

Figure 17: ICF pool with sloped footing.

If more aggressive sloping is necessary, larger steps can be

used. Cut the block according to the step dimension and
ensure that each step has a minimum of 8-12 inches of block
overlap. Each cut block will need to have at least two webs
to ensure the block does not blow out at the base. Webs are Figure 19: ICF Pool Design
on 6” centers. If using blocks with less than two webs, strap
appropriately before the pour. It is important that all foundations are level. This ensures
a level base to stack block and will require less shimming
At the locations of each step, a thickened edge can be and trimming to have a plum level wall. If footings are not
poured so that the footings overlap at this point. This will level, then after stacking the first two courses, blocks can
improve the structural strength at this transition point. be shimmed and trimmed on the bottom edge until the wall
is level. Once level they should be spot glued on one side
every 18"-24” to prevent movement. If the foundation is not
level, setting the first and second courses of block becomes
much more challenging.
Once everything is level and squared, footings can be
formed. The pre-engineered footings in the engineering
manual are 8 inches thick so 2x8’s can be used. Stake and
nail the boards slightly off the ground to make up the 1/2”
that is lost in a standard 2x8.
Most steps will be taller on the downhill side, as excavation
is rarely level. Footing width may change as wall heights
increase. Increase the size according to the engineering
manual. Brace across your form boards with 1 X 2’s about
every 2 feet to prevent them from spreading or separating
during the pouring process.

Figure 18: ICF pool foundation with gravel in place before installing rebar grid.

If gravel is being installed under the foundations, place

the gravel at this time. The gravel should extend past the
foundations around their outside expected locations by
about 8” to 10 inches.

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BUILDBLOCK SWIMMING POOL CONSTRUCTION MANUAL

To properly space the vertical dowels, use a corner block

to establish the repeating pattern. BuildBlock ICF webs
are 6-inches on center. Once the corner is established the
placement of the bar can be repeated per the engineering
guidelines for vertical bar spacing.
This will ensure that the vertical rebar does not align directly
with any webs and will eliminate bending the rebar to fit the
block while stacking. The stirrups will also be measured at
this time. Follow the same spacing guidelines as the vertical
steel. Make sure that all bars are pre-bent and ready for
installation before the pour.
Before pouring begins, place sleeves large enough to
accommodate any pool drains. Review all drain requirements,
as specific code requirements may apply.

Figure 20: Rebar placed off the ground in the proper place for footing reinforcement.

Once all footing forming is in place, check heights and

location of all forms. Set steel rebar according to the footing
table in the engineering manual noted in detail PE3.
All rebar in footing should be 2 to 3 inches above the ground
level so it will not corrode. Note, only place steel that goes
inside the footing at this time. All dowels and stirrups that go
into the walls and slab will be placed after the pour while the
concrete is setting up.
Alternative reinforcing material such as fiberglass rebar
may be used. It must conform with the required size and Figure 22: Pouring an ICF pool foundation and screeding the foundation level.

strength as specified in the BuildBlock Pool prescriptive

engineering or site specific engineering. Other reinforcing POURING THE FOUNDATION
materials such as Helix microrebar are outside the scope It is now time to pour the foundation. Options for pouring
of this manual and have not been evaluated. Generally the may include a concrete pump, direct from the chute, or the
greater the separation of water and reinforced concrete, the use of a hopper elephant trunk that is a gravity feed system.
less likelihood of degradation of the concrete reinforcement. The recommended slump for footings is usually closer to a
7-8” slump.
STIRRUPS & DOWELS A slightly dryer mix will mean less pressure on the forms. (See
Take the time to lay stirrups and dowels out where they are slumping concrete in the BuildBlock Installation Manual.)
handy, but not in the way of the pour. Make sure they are Pre-cut several 2x4’s slightly longer than the width of the
staged ready for the pour. Review detail PE4B for information foundations to level the concrete. Screed off any remaining
on spacing. Reference the steel requirements for wall heights concrete. Run the 2x4’s back and forth along the top of the
in the engineering manual to properly size. Steel size can foundation to achieve a smooth surface. Rarely do footings
vary based on changing wall heights. need a troweled finish. Slightly rough concrete creates a
better bond when pouring the walls.

Figure 21: Use a corner block to establish the repeating pattern and properly space Figure 23: ICF pool foundation poured with vertical rebar dowels and stirrups for the floor.
vertical dowels,.

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Once the pour is finished immediately place all dowels

and stirrups. Make sure that the concrete is still wet enough
to properly consolidate around the steel. Rock the stirrups
slightly to ensure concrete is consolidated around the steel
and no large spaces remain.
Set the stirrups at the same level and orientation as the pool
floor, adjusting slightly as needed for sloping bottoms or step
footings.

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Figure 24: ICF pool walls stacked with reinforcement.

STACKING THE POOL WALLS

STAGING MATERIALS LAYING THE FIRST COURSE
After the concrete has set overnight it is time to begin Note that there are several methods to lay out the first course
stacking the walls. Strip the forms and sweep the tops of of blocks. Use a combination of the following strategies to
the foundations clean. Take time to stage horizontal rebar, straighten and level your first courses. Start by first snapping
block, and any bracing that may be used in the hole. Staging a chalk line on the foundation marking the outside face of
materials and tools will reduce trips in and out of the hole. the block.
Re-check string lines and benchmarks before starting. If radius block is being used, mark the places where curves
transition to a new direction. This will most often be the
most interior or exterior point on the wall and will give an
expected destination for the curve to start or finish. Begin by
first placing block in the corners of the deep end of the pool,
and then working out from the corners.
The first course can be checked for level by placing string
lines at the designated height of 16 1/2”. BuildBlock ICFs
are 16" tall nominally. The interlock on the footing will
provide an additional 1/2" of height to begin. The levelness
of the footing will dictate how plumb the first course of block
is. Instead of leveling the first course it is preferable to stack
the second course of block, tying the forms together and this
will begin to self-level the block.
Figure 25: First two courses of ICFs stacked and leveled.

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Continue stacking towards the steps and cut blocks on the

bottom to extend over the stepped footing. It is best to have
the block overlap in these areas, but a common seem can
be used if the layout demands it. If webs are hitting rebar
dowels coming out of the footing use a rebar bender to
bend the piece of rebar into the middle between two webs.
Continue stacking until the second course is finished around
the entire pool. Only spot glue after each section of the pool
is square and level.

Figure 26: ICF pool wall with vertical and horizontal rebar. Placed either side of center
each course a vertical chase is created to hold rebar in place.

Note that before stacking the second course it is important

to place horizontal rebar. As the second course is stacked
remember that all webs align vertically. Once the second
course is placed look for areas where the block is not in Figure 28: Two courses of ICF wall stacked, shimmed and trimmed, spot glued in place.
full contact with the footing, or where too much contact is
causing the wall to raise up. INSTALL REINFORCEMENT
This can first be done visually but then should be checked Once the first two courses have been laid and horizontal
with a combination of string lines or a laser level. Trim off the rebar has been placed, the hardest part of stacking is
bottom teeth of the block to lower or add shims to raise the complete. Note that not all layouts will result in the perfect
courses to level. overlap of block between courses. Use common seams in
areas where a minimum of 8” of overlap is not achievable.
1 B 2 Remember to brace and strap these areas before you pour.

C D

A A

3 B 4
Figure 27: Diagonal Squaring Graphic

SQUARE, PLUMB, AND LEVEL

Figure 29: Pool dimensions will not always lay out to block sizes. Use common seams as
Check the first courses for square by measuring across the necessary.
layout on a diagonal. See the BuildBlock ICF installation
manual for more information on squaring. Once you are Lay horizontal rebar in the second course. By offsetting the
confident that the section is level and square, spot glue the rebar either side of center from course to course a vertical
block every 12”-18” inches with foam glue to hold in place. chase is created to hold and alight later placement of the
vertical rebar. Stack the third course of block, and repeat
Do not over-glue as the glue can expand and raise sections horizontal rebar as required.
of the wall unintentionally. After the spot glue has set, double
check level, square and plumb. Mark locations of vertical Once the fourth course of block is required, consider placing
dowels on the face of the blocks to ensure proper placement bracing on the wall. Any wall sections over three courses
of vertical dowels before the pour. should have a bracing system, usually spaced every five
to six feet. On sections lower than four feet, bracing is not
Since a pool is rarely one elevation you will need to repeat required, however it is recommend to align and straighten
the leveling process as you continue stacking areas that are the walls after a pour. Straightening a wall without an
different heights. Make sure to repeat this process on all alignment system can be very challenging.
areas before you stack higher than two courses.

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Continue stacking the wall until you have reached the

final benchmark lines set at the beginning. Check walls for
plumb and heights for level. The top course can be trimmed
if needed. Be careful to not knock pieces of cut EPS foam
into the wall cavity. Remove any debris that fall into the wall
cavity. Keep the wall as clean as possible.
Place vertical rebar in every location that matches the dowels
coming out of the footing. This will be dictated by your prior
layout and engineering. If the horizontal bars were offset
either side of center or the tension side of the wall, then a
vertical chase for the rebar to be slotted into will have been
formed. This allows for a non-contact overlap to be used on
the vertical rebar. No tying should be necessary. If you want
to tie the top bar, that is appropriate.
Lastly strap all common seams using what scrap lumber you
have available. 1/2” plywood cut into strips works very
well. Set string lines on the top course and use the bracing
to adjust the wall into plumb. Glue any gaps, and make sure
block is ready to be poured.

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Figure 30: ICF pool steps poured with tile applied.

FORMING STEPS AND SETTING SLAB REBAR

PREPARING THE SLAB FOR CONCRETE
The next step is to prepare the pool slab for concrete. The
walls will not be poured until the slab and other elements
such as steps are prepared and ready. There are multiple
ways to prepare the slab. The most important elements to
consider is the slope toward drains, and how the transition
from floor to wall will take place.
Set drain and piping through the sleeves placed under or
through the foundation. Use number 3 pins to secure in place
and level at top of slab height. Apply aggregate or fill as
necessary. Ensure good compaction of the fill. Reference
detail drawing PE4A for walls below 4 feet or detail PE4B
for walls greater than 4 feet. If insulation under the slab is
desired, place it at this time. Most of the heat loss in pools Figure 31: ICF pool floor reinforcement tied into wall reinforcement provides additional
strength.
is from the sides and floor. The ICF will insulate the walls so
adding standard white EPS foam underneath the pool floor Next refer to detail drawing PE4B make cut outs in the bottom
is one of the best insulation options. EPS foam resists water of walls every 12 inches. Cut outs should be 4.5 inches wide
and holds its R-value longer than most other insulation types. and 6 inches in height so the slab covers the entire cut out
area. The distance between webs should be close to 4.5
inches so cut out the full distance of foam between webs.
Since the webs are 6” apart, achieving the 12” spacing
without interfering with webs should be simple.
Preparing the floor in this manner by tying the floor rebar
grid into the walls and lapping with vertical rebar will create
and extremely strong structure that resists movement and
settling.

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Lastly form any steps, benches, or special features that will

be included in the concrete pour. Materials to form these
features can be leftover ICF forms or other forming materials
such as wood. To increase overall strength of features, use a
similar method used to tie the slab to the wall. Creativity on
the design will be needed. Take the time to over-support your
forms, as form failure can be costly during a pour. Concrete
has a limited working time and it is important that you can
trust your installation.

Figure 32: ICF pool floor reinforcement tied into walls, steps formed and pool floor slope
snapped on walls with chalk line.

Snap a chalk line around the entire pool at the 6” level taking
into account the slope of the slab. Use a keyhole saw to cut
out the foam that will make the connections between the wall
and the slab floor. The slab steel grid will extend into each
cut hole center along with a number 3 bar 24 X 24 inches
bent in the center. Stab the number 3 bar up the wall and tie
the bar into the steel slab grid. The slab steel grid of rebar
will be number 3 bars at 12 inch spacing in each direction Figure 34: ICF pool steps poured with forms stripped.
per the engineering detail. Use chairs to support the grid so
that it will be positioned in the middle of the slab. Follow all INSTALLING SKIMMERS, ELECTRICAL,
drawing details as specified.
AND PLUMBING
FLOOR TO WALL TRANSITIONS Before pouring the walls it is important to make all
One last considerations before pouring the floor slab is penetrations. This may include plumbing, skimmers and pool
to decide how the slab will slope or curve into the wall. lights along with anything else that needs pass through the
Typically, a transition will be required so that when plaster is pool walls before placing the concrete.
applied a joint does not form between the wall and the floor.
Two options for this transition include using cove cut EPS
foam or hand troweling a concrete slope at this connection
point. If a foam transition is selected, this will be applied after
the slab has been poured and finished. If a hand troweled
transition is selected, this will need to be done in conjunction
with the pour. This requires more labor and is time sensitive
during the pour; plan accordingly. Concrete does not bond
Figure 35: Cutting teeth into one end of the PVC pipe for the sleeve makes it easy to cut a
extremely well to EPS foam, so if troweling a transition be precise hole with little gap. Seal with foam and strap appropriately before pouring.
aware this may be an area of weakness. EPS foam cove
A simple way to make a
transitions may be ordered from foam fabricators.
penetration through the Pro Tip
block is to take a piece Skimmers that properly fit the
of PVC that matches the correct dimension of an ICF
needed hole size and cut wall can be hard to find. For
serrated teeth on the end the 6 and 8 inch forms the
of the pipe. This piece of Hayward series Auto-Skim
PVC becomes a make- Model SP1080 and SP1082
shift saw and can be works very well.
rotated back and forth
The model SP1080 is for
to cut through the wall.
above ground pools and
When going all the way
the SP1082 is for in ground
through the wall, make
pools. It comes with a square
sure the piece is square
top and lid and adjustable
and level so that the cut
height on the lid rim which
stays level. Also make
is essential for taller copings
sure that debris from your
Figure 33: ICF pool steps formed and reinforced. Rebar is tied into the wall at reinforcement like the one used for our test
cut do not fall into the
at each level. pool.

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wall cavity.
Depending on the size of the pool, your pool may use two
skimmers. Typically, they are placed in areas where the most
debris can be collected based on wind direction. Follow
the manufacturers installation recommendations. Often the
skimmer will need a wide mouth on the interior portion of the
wall. Also note that many skimmers will not match the typical
wall thickness of the ICF.

Figure 36: Pool skimmer installed, front face formed and strapped.

Figure 38: Pool skimmer installed and mounted. Framed and ready for HardieBacker®
Cement Board for tile and finish.

Figure 37: Pool plumbing installed and braced. ICF compatible skimmer installed and
strapped.

Take care when selecting your model or find a creative

solution to support the unit. The unit used in the BuildBlock
test pool is listed in the equipment section. Figure 39: Framed covered with HardieBacker® Cement Board for tile and finish.

Figure 40: Pool skimmer poured in place and mounted at the correct depth for the coping.

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Figure 43: Pool lights sleeves installed and hydraulic lines for Fastlane System. Make sure
to protect all sleeves and plumbing from concrete spillage during the pour. If placement
errors are made, replace the foam and glue in place. Strap and reinforce as necessary
before the pour.

Figure 41: Hydraulic lines for Fastlane Swim in place system installed and framed for Take care when selecting products as many housings
HardieBacker® Cement Board for tile and finish. extended too far back into the foam preventing concrete
from sealing the unit.. Note that each unit will need to be
grounded to a steel rebar dowel pin with a solid copper
line embedded in the foundation. When cutting the foam
to install the niche housing try to center the light between
two webs and between the horizontal rebar. This will make
installation easier.
WIRING
Remember that the niche will need to be wired through the
back of the housing. The connection must be watertight and
the electrical conduit water proof. Seal the connection with
silicone on both sides of the housing niche as well. Cut out
a hole in the back side of the forms where the conduit exits
the niche.
Seal the foam with foam adhesive to secure everything for
the pour. Note that the electrical lines used for most pool
lights are fully waterproof so no splices can be made. Make
sure to protect the lines so that they are not damaged.

Figure 42: Framed covered with HardieBacker® Cement Board for tile and finish.

ELECTRICAL
LIGHTING SLEEVE CONSIDERATIONS
When installing sleeves for lighting, note the specifications
for the depth of the housing. BuildBlock used the Pentair
Aqua-Light 250 Watt 120 Volt Model #77168100 with
matching Spa Bright/Aqua Light Niche housing with 3/4”
rear fitting model #78244200.
This housing fit nicely in the wall and allowed concrete to
form completely around the housing, effectively sealing the Figure 44: Pool return jets premade to correct length to match with pool finish.
unit.
PLUMBING
Before pouring your walls you identified the locations for any
penetrations for plumbing. A sleeve was placed to provide
an easy connection through the concrete pool wall or floor.
BuildBlock does not recommend running plumbing inside the
concrete wall unless absolutely necessary. Placing pipe in
the cavity of an ICF wall and pouring concrete around it has
a tendency to create voiding and consolidation issues and is
unrecoverable should the pipe fail.

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Plumbing is installed by creating chases in the foam and

using foam adhesive to secure any pipes in place. Mark the
route of the pipe on the foam before cutting. Keep in mind it
isn’t possible to install pipes with a diameter larger than 2½”
due to the thickness of the foam.
Install all plumbing as required and follow all manufacturers
recommendations as they apply.

Figure 47: Pool return jets installed and connected to supply line via central coupler
passing through sleeve in pool wall.

Figure 45: Pool return jets pre-made and staged for installation.

Figure 48: Pool return jets installed, secured in place, and connected to supply line via
central coupler passing through sleeve in pool wall.

Install any other supply lines that will be used in the pool such
as filtration, sweepers, jets, or other lines. It is important to
make any penetrations before the pour is completed. Plan
accordingly, and use foam adhesive to fill any gaps created
to prevent concrete leaking during the pour and prevent the
sleeve shifting. Make sure everything is properly secured.

Figure 46: Pool return jet installed.

Figure 49: Pool return jets secured in place with foam adhesive and trimmed smooth for
pool finish. Electrical light installed and ready for finish installation.

After the foam adhesive has completely cured use a flat saw
to trim the foam flush with the rest of the wall.

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Figure 50: ICF walls and floor being poured using a line pump.

POURING THE WALLS AND FLOOR

Adjust the mix as necessary. A slightly dryer mix at the
PREPARING FOR THE POUR bottom of the wall may work best to prevent overflow out of
The next step is to pour the walls and slab. This will be the holes that connect into the slab. Depending on the size
done all at the same time, so plan your concrete and crew of the job a line pump or boom pump is the recommended
accordingly. Before concrete arrives make sure that you have method for concrete placement.
completed a pre-pour inspection. This will ensure that you
Make sure that you have adequate help since the walls
have not missed any steps. When concrete arrives, time
and slab are poured at the same time. Concrete finishing
becomes limited to fix problems.
experience is necessary for the slab, especially since much
PRE-POUR CHECKLIST of the floor will be sloped. The design, depth of the pool, and
the design of the transition between the floor and wall will
1. Check all walls for completion including all strapping, dictate the amount of finishing work required.
foaming, and bracing.
For more information on pouring an ICF wall review the
2. Check all string lines for straight and plumb and use BuildBlock ICF Installation Manual as well as other BuildBlock
bracing to align walls in preparation. training materials. They go into much greater detail.
3. Check all penetrations for completion and foam in any
gaps. POURING STRATEGIES
4. Prepare and stage tools for the pour. Start pouring the walls moving at a lift height of 1.5 to 2
blocks high. Pouring only to this height with allow concrete
5. If a coping is being poured on top of the wall at a later
to flow out of the holes that form the connection with the slab
point, stage rebar pins for the connection.
while preventing too much concrete from coming out.
The concrete used in the walls and slab will typically be a
Once a complete lift is finished move towards other items
3,000-3,500 psi pump design mix. A 3/8” aggregate or
such as steps or benches while others on the team internally
less should be used. This allows for proper consolidation in
vibrate the walls lightly to ensure proper consolidation. Once
the walls. The mix will be a maximum of a 6-inch slump.

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steps at the lower level are poured continue to the slab. This
will give the lower section of the walls time to slake or start
setting up.

Figure 51: Pouring ICF pool walls.

Begin pouring the slab. Manage the slump for sections

with significant slope. It is important to move quickly as the
concrete in the walls should not sit for too long. Once the
slab is poured move back to the walls. Pour in four-foot lifts
until the top of the block is reached.
Internally vibrate each lift. If possibly slightly vibrate the top
of the connection between the first and second lift. Be very
careful not to over vibrate as this will cause the bottom layer
of concrete to pass into the slab.
Hand trowel the top of the wall smooth and flush. If a coping
is being poured later, install 3/8” rebar into the top of the
wall. Check walls with a level and adjust all bracing to a
string line before they harden up. Allow the walls and floor
to set for a day or two to allow the walls and slab to harden
and then proceed with the next steps.

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Figure 52: ICF pool with walls poured and waterproofed below grade. This pool uses Form-A-Drain an integrated stay-in-place footing form and perimeter drainage system.

GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT
sunlight. The primed surface should have a dry tacky feeling
WATERPROOFING THE WALLS when ready. Do not prime the wall and let set overnight. The
If you are interested in building a "Mother Nature" proof primer needs to be covered within a few hours.
pool or live in an area with an especially high water table
Align and apply the Home Stretch Peel ‘N Stick Membrane
you may want to consider waterproofing the ICF wall and
vertically in sections of 8 feet in length or less, starting from
installing French drains. Keeping water away from the pool
the lower foundation wall base and rising to the top using the
will prevent long term damage. ICF’s are not a waterproof
6-inch overlap, shingling down on each ply of membrane.
material and over time water could permeate through the
On walls higher than 8 feet, apply two or more sections of
wall and get behind finishes. This can cause damage to the
Home Stretch Peel ‘N Stick Membrane with the upper section
plaster and tile surfaces.
overlapping the lower.
This is no different than ground water seeping into the gunite
Use heavy hand pressure while smoothing out the Home
of a traditional pool. Waterproofing can be done the day
Stretch Peel ‘N Stick Membrane surface as it's applied;
after the pour while the concrete is still curing. This is an
and use a hard, narrow, hand-held roller to firmly adhere
optional step. The goal is to shed water around the pool or
the material for a complete bond as it is placed on the
to a perimeter drain system depending on volume.
vertical surfaces. When continuing the Home Stretch Peel
For more information on this subject please reference the ‘N Stick Membrane materials above grade to reach the top
BuildBlock Comprehensive Guide to ICF Waterproofing, of foundation wall, apply Poly Wall Aluma Flash PLUS or
or the PolyWall Home Stretch Membrane instructional metal flashing over all of the Home Stretch Peel ‘N Stick
manual. PolyWall is BuildBlock’s preferred vendor for ICF Membrane above grade, with its lower edge a minimum of
waterproofing materials. four (4) inches below grade, to protect the installed Home
Prepare the site for installation by cleaning the footing and Stretch Peel ‘N Stick Membrane from UV exposure beyond
walls. All surfaces should be clean, flat and clear of debris. its 30 day limit.
All membrane sheets will be cut into vertical sheets and Once the water proofing is in place, a French drain system
installed in a vertical fashion. Measure the wall including the can also be installed. An excellent product to consider is
footing, as the waterproofing should extend over the edge of Form-A-Drain. Form-A-Drain is an integrated forming system
the footing. This creates a drainage plane that passes water for footings that stays in place and provides perimeter
beyond the edge of the footing to your drain system. drainage. See product information and installation methods
Using a paint roller apply the Shurtac primer. Roll the entire on our website.
wall area and a few inches onto the foundation with primer.
The primer should take only a short time to set up depending
on site conditions such as humidity, temperature and

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INSTALLING FRENCH DRAINS

If not using Form-A-Drain, traditional drain tile may be in
stalled around the perimeter of the pool to a sump or a gravity
drain to daylight if possible. The goal is the shed ground and
surface water away from the pool structure so that no water
enters the wall system, potentially causing damage to the tile
and other finishes.

Figure 55: 20190327-mike-garrett-pool-574.psd

While backfilling the pool walls make sure the soil is

adequate for this purpose. Gravel or non-expansive soil
is best. Clay soils can over expand when wet and cause
damage. Gravel is self- compacting. Soil will require layered
compaction. Talk to a local engineer regarding backfilling
materials if you have questions about fill material.
BACKFILLING
When backfilling make sure to protect the water proofing
if applied. A drain board can be used if needed. Gravel
Figure 53: IMG_6478.JPG tends to damage the membrane. Start placing soil or gravel
in layers about a foot at a time. Compact soil with light tools
BACKFILLING THE POOL WALLS or hand equipment. Gravel is self-compacting. You may use
The time to backfill may vary depending on preference. This a skid steer loader or other equipment to place the material
can be done prior to plastering. Remember that all plumbing around the pool but take extreme care to not get on top
and wiring will need to be completed prior to backfill. Often of the backfill material and never compact the soil with the
it is important to test this equipment for leaks before covering. wheels of the loader. Note adding a small amount of water
Plan accordingly. is helpful when backfilling with soil as it helps compaction.

Figure 54: IMG_6884.JPG

Figure 56: IMG_7021.JPG
BEFORE BACKFILLING Finish backfilling being careful not to damage any of your
Before backfilling make sure the poured walls and slab have water and supply lines going to the pool. Keep all plumbing
met the required cure time. The time that should be noted is on lines level and hand fill around these areas so as not to
Detail PE2 item 9 in the Pool Engineering manual. Fourteen create damage.
(14) days is the minimum required with light equipment and
twenty-one (21) days is required if using heavy equipment.
Note the use of surcharge tables in the engineering manual
which means heavy equipment should not get close to the
side walls or used for compacting the soil. Too much weight
on unsupported walls could cause a collapse. See notes on
detail PE3 surcharge tables. Follow these instructions when
back filling.

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Figure 57: Complex ICF pool finished with BuildCrete Pool Plaster and painted with an epoxy colored paint.

FINISHING AN ICF POOL

SETTING TILE TILE BASE PREPARATION
Often tile is applied at the base of the coping at the waterline.
Setting the tile is a part of the construction process that takes
Begin by ruffing up the surface of the foam with a rasp and
time and care. Tile is often a long-term maintenance area
apply a thin base coat of BuildCrete. Lay fiberglass mesh
for most pool owners. If you are a DIY pool builder working
directly into the BuildCrete. Once the mesh has been troweled
by yourself, you may want to consider using tile to break up
in immediately cover with another coat of BuildCrete. Tile
areas of your pool into sections. This gives natural stopping
can be laid directly into the BuildCrete, or this can be left to
points for plaster, as the BuildCrete process is labor and time
cure and tile later set with a thinset adhesive.
sensitive.
BuildCrete Pool Plaster is the recommended base for all tile
applications. It will be floated directly onto the EPS surface
and forms a mechanical attachment with the foam as it cures.
Few if any other materials do this well.

Figure 59: Base installed at top and bottom to ensure level.

To ensure a clean level edge a 1x4 can be installed at what

would be the base of the tile allowing the BuildCrete to
be troweled at an exact level. If wall heights are not level,
Figure 58: 20171007-mike-garrett-pool-525.psd heights can be slightly adjusted at this time, especially if
a poured coping is being used later. Set the 1x4 with a

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laser level if available. If a thinset is being used, wait for the

BuildCrete to cure and then set the tile.

Figure 63: With tile set prepare to insalled the foam floor to wall cove transition.

Figure 60: Base installed on top and bottom of curved form to ensure level for tile.

Take note of the temperature, humidity, and direct sunlight

when applying BuildCrete Pool Plaster. In direct sunlight on
warm days, shrouding should be used to provide a longer
working time for the pool plaster. Adding more water to
moisten the mix is not recommended and will degrade the
strength of the finish.

Figure 64: With the cove transition and pool cleaned for finish installation, stage mesh
and other materials as needed.

All other tile can be set in a similar fashion. BuildCrete

adheres well to concrete, so any tile on the floor can also
be applied in this manner. Take time to layout and stage all
materials before you begin. This will help ensure the final
result looks clean and professional. If the BuildCrete is curing
too quickly use a spray bottle with water to mist to keep
moist. This can give you a few more minutes of working
Figure 61: Use a template to cut the mesh for the BuildCrete Pool Plaster. time. Only mix the amount of plaster that you plan on using
immediately.

Figure 62: Stage all materials before applying base and setting tile.

Figure 65: 20190327-mike-garrett-pool-573.psd

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Figure 66: 20181101-mike-garrett-pool-542.psd Figure 68: Instructions for installing the Stegmeier pool coping forms with tile track.

PLACING AND POURING THE POOL

COPING AND POOL DECKING
The BuildBlock test pool used a poured coping with a blended
white concrete. This step was completed prior to plastering
and after the tile was installed. Pouring a secondary coping
allowed a slight adjustment to wall heights and the ability
to set the tile at a perfectly level height around the entire
pool. The chosen forming system was a foam system from
Stegmeier LLC that gave a rounded edge and 3.5” of height
above the wall. There are multiple coping styles. This section
will apply most directly to a poured coping installation.
Figure 69: The tile track provides a break between the poured coping and tile to prevent
any damage from expansion and contraction.

Figure 67: Stegmeier forms are installed and tied to the embedded rebar. After coping is
poured the wire breaks away and is left embedded hidden in the coping.

REINFORCING COPING Figure 70: The Stegmeier wire tie is scored to break away after the coping is poured.

Bend the rebar placed in the top of the wall into the middle
of the coping height. A hickey bar is a useful tool for making
these bends. The Stegmeier product comes 112-feet per
carton. Begin to attach the product and further tie the product
off to the bent rebar. Follow the Stegmeier installation
instructions. There are many installation videos on YouTube
that may also be very helpful.

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Figure 71: Stegmeier forms are installed and tied to the embedded rebar. After coping is
Figure 74: The pool coping is poured and forms stripped. Score with a concrete saw every
poured the wire breaks away and is left embedded hidden in the coping.
24"-36". Fill the seam with pool plaster, caulk, or another material.

A simple technique for smoothing the concrete on the edge

of the coping is to take plastic material such as visqueen and
fold it over so it has some rigidity. Wet it slightly and use to
polish the edges of curves with a slight pressure. This will
polish the edge, removing rough spots and deliver a nicely
finished edge.

Figure 72: The Stegmeier pool coping forms are installed, wired, reinforced with tape and
strapped where needed. Tools are laid out to screen and finish the coping.

Figure 75: A skim coat is first applied, then the 11oz. mesh embedded and the
material is troweled or sprayed to its full thickness and finished.

Figure 73: The Stegmeier pool coping is poured using shovels and a concrete hopper. Pour
the coping and finish quickly, but fill gently with a high slump concrete and consolidate
wel for best results.

When pouring the coping take time to not put too much
pressure on the forms. Shoveling concrete is the preferred
method. Trowel the top and bring to a true finish. Once the Figure 76: Additional BuildCrete matertial is used to embed the mesh completely and
build up to the finshed thickness.
concrete is starting to set up, carefully remove the forms so
that the sides of the coping can be finished. Do this carefully
and timing will be essential. Removing too early can cause
damage and removing too late will not give adequate time
to finish the edges.

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Figure 77: Continue working the material until the full thickness and desired finish is Figure 80: BuildCrete built up to the desired finish before final troweled finish.
achieved.

Figure 78: Apply the mesh in sections on curved walls, overlapping as needed. Build Figure 81: BuildCrete built to final thickness as final smooth finish applied.
up to the desired thickness and finish.

BUILDING UP BUILDCRETE
Build up BuildCrete Pool Plaster to 1/4" on the sides of the
pool and 3/8-1/2" on the pool floor. This will ensure there
is sufficient material to provide the required strength. Use the
11oz mesh in all areas.
BuildCrete Pool Plaster comes in 75lb. bags. Typical
coverage is 30 square feet on the walls at 1/4" thickness
and 25 square feet on the floor at 3/8-1/2" thickness.

Figure 79: Apply the mesh in sections on curved walls, overlapping as needed. Build
up to the desired thickness and finish.

Figure 82: BuildCrete used as a tile bed on pool exterior.

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FINISHING THE POOL

There are several options when plastering an ICF pool.
Note that only a few materials attach well to the EPS foam.
BuildBlock recommends three different strategies.
1. Use BuildCrete Pool Plaster.
2. Use a vinyl liner. (should discuss basics on vinyl linter
installation)
3. Use BaseCrete and then finish with other approved pool
finishes such as tile, marbleized plaster, SiderCrete or
Pebble Tec.
Each installation method has its pro’s and con’s. Seek out
expert advice on this subject as finishing materials for ICF
pools is not well researched.
Figure 83: BuildCrete Pool Plaster built up to final thickness and troweled smooth.
The BuildBlock test pool utilized the first method: BuildCrete
Pool Plaster. We were extremely happy with the results and
at the writing of this manual the coating has performed
flawlessly for more than two years. We strongly believe that
the BuildCrete Pool Plaster is the superior choice. BuildCrete
pool plaster can be colored using a variety of different
concrete colorants. We purchased coloring product from
Direct Colors, Inc.
BUILDCRETE POOL PLASTER APPLICATION GUIDELINES
BuildCrete Pool Plaster is suitable for pool applications as
long as the following installation methods are followed:
• Concrete bottom is clean and sealed with an acrylic
bonder prior to application.
• A foam or cement cove is installed around the bottom
edge providing a curved transition.
• The coating on the concrete is 3/8 of an inch thick.
• The coating on the ICF block is 1/2 inch thick.
• A minimum of our 11oz mesh is utilized.
• Proper installation methods are used including providing
sufficient drying time for BuildCrete Pool Plaster to cure.
Typically 5-7 days before any water is added to the Figure 84: BuildCrete Pool Plaster built up to final thickness and troweled smooth.
pool.
The coating can be either painted, covered in colored pool
plaster or left natural once the BuildCrete Pool Plaster has
cured.
BUILDCRETE POOL PLASTER COVERAGE
The BuildCrete Pool Plaster Installation document can be
found at the BuildBlock website. This document covers the
installation in more depth and gives information about
expected coverage. As a general guideline each bag of 75
lb. plaster will cover 42 sq.ft. at 3/16” thick, 26.5 sq.ft at
1/4”, and 21 sq.ft at 3/8” thick. Most pool applications will
require the thicknesses just mentioned. A 3/8” application
worked very well for the test pool.
Figure 85: Sectioning the pool for finishes will help ensure a quality finish and prevent
overworking the plaster.

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Figure 86: BuildCrete Pool Plaster built up to final thickness and troweled smooth.
Figure 87: BuildCrete finished ICF pool with tile ready for the pool season.
PREPARING THE WALL SURFACE
Before beginning to plaster ensure that the EPS wall is
smooth and flat. Any areas that were cut away for plumbing
or wiring should be filled with foam glue and leveled flush
with the wall. If a foam transition is being used between the
wall and floor, install this now using foam glue. Cover the
pool tile with tape and any plumbing or wiring finishes that
need to stay clean.
MIXING & COLORING BUILDCRETE POOL PLASTER
A two-bag mixing machine is the proper size for a small
team of 1-3 workers. The BuildCrete pool plaster has a short
working time so do not mix up too much material at once.
The material application is similar to a synthetic stucco. A
stucco contractor should be able to handle the application
with very little instruction.
To color the material pre-bag the colorant in pre-measured
amounts per bag of BuildCrete. This allows for better control Figure 88: BuildCrete finished ICF pool steps, plumbing and lights. Ready for the pool
season.
of the color across the pool. The mixer can be rinsed out
between each load for more accuracy.
APPLYING BUILDCRETE POOL PLASTER
Rough up the EPS foam with a rasp before installation. Apply
a scratch coat and then lay in the fiberglass mesh. Finish
immediately with a top-coat and smooth over. All of these
steps should be done with the buildcrete staying wet and
workable.
A mister can be used to keep the material more workable
for a longer period of time. The plaster can also be built up
to a larger area of thickness to match the tile edge. Build
up these areas to give a flush finish. If working in direct
sun on a warm or hot day or in windy conditions, consider
shrouding to protect the plaster while it’s being installed to
provide a longer open time and a more comfortable working
environment.
If working alone, segment this process. Use areas of tile as Figure 89: Smooth BuildCrete Pool Plaster wall finish.
starting and finishing points. Do not expect to cover large
areas if working alone. Plan accordingly.
FINISHED RESULTS
The photos below show the pool rinsed two years after
initial construction. The coping, pool plaster, tilework and
plumbing have performed without problems. This pool is
emptied in the winter.

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Figure 90: Finished ICF pool skimmer finished with BuildCrete Pool Plaster and tile. Figure 93: HJUH3717.JPG

Figure 91: Finished ICF pool skimmer finished with BuildCrete Pool Plaster and tile.

Figure 92: HGQI3780.JPG

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Figure 95: Place pool equipment in a safe area, sheltered from weather with enough space to maintain all equipment and eliminating any hazards.

CONNECTING POOL EQUIPMENT

Finish the pool by connecting any remaining plumbing or
electrical equipment. Much of this can be completed prior to
plastering if desired.
Many pool plumbing systems have unique applications
and connecting pool equipment is outside the scope of
this construction manual. There are many online guides
and resources available to help you orient and connect the
equipment for your specific system. Follow all manufacturer
recommendations. This is one of those areas where having a
relationship with a local pool supply company can be very
handy.
In our research we discovered the website Expert Pool
Advice - Swmming Pool Steve. This site has a wealth of
information and resources that you should find very useful.
http://swimmingpoolsteve.com

Figure 96: All electrical should be installed in appropriate weatherproof housings and be
accessible in an emergency.

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CONCLUSION:
We hope that this manual was helpful. Please share photos
of your pool project. If you find tips or tricks you think we
should include in this manual or in other materials, please
share them. We like to learn about new processes that were
successful and regularly update our manuals accordingly.
Thank you for using our products and being one of our fine
customers. Please share us with all your friends.
Thanks from all us at BuildBlock.

Figure 97: Make sure all plumbing is secured and protected against the environment and
is accessible for maintenance as needed.

Figure 98: Place all controls so they are easily accessible.

Figure 99: The Endless Pool's Fast Lane swim-in-place system.

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APPENDIX
APPENDIX A: ICF POOL CONSTRUCTION STEPS

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APPENDIX B: COMMON POOL CONSTRUCTION TERMS

The terms below are common to ICF and Pool Construction. For more information please also refer to the BuildBlock Installation &
Technical Manuals found on the BuildBlock website at https://buildblock.com.

A form of concrete that can be applied

The square footage measurement of the using high pressure and molded into
amount of flat space the pool takes up in the almost any shape over a steel reinforcing
Area
yard, also used for concrete decks, and also rebar grid. Gunite is typically harder than
known as “surface area”. Gunite poured concrete reaching about 4,000
psi. This is how traditional concrete pools
The swimming pool “beam” is an important are constructed. This is a more expensive
part of the structure. This part of the pool is alternative to ICF pools and offers no
located at the top and traces the perimeter insulation.
Beam shape and will help identify the perimeter
measurement of the pool structure. Usually this
This is where all pool plumbing pipes merge
is where the decorative stone edge is installed
together. It may be as many as 9 – 14 pipes.
just above the tile inside the pool.
This is also where the hydraulic lines for the
Main Trench
Fastlane Swim-In-Place system will run. The
The point at which the pool depth changes main trench will go to the pool equipment and
Break
and begins to slope– the break line refers to each pipe into their respective connection.
Break Line
any place on the swimming pool floor where
Break Point
the angle changes.
After coping & decking are an installed,
The material that sits on top of the pool control joints are cut into the coping and
“beam” and follows the shape above the a flexible type sealant with a decorative
waterline tiles is called “coping”. The edge Mastic finish will ensure that water from the pool or
of the pool before water starts. Concrete rain will not leak into the control joint gap.
Coping
decking will butt up to the backside of BuildCrete Pool Plaster can be used for this
this material with a “control joint”. Brick, as well.
flagstone, travertine or other natural stones
are also options.
A method of recessing the shell structure for
The swimming pool liner coping track or Notch a more seamless installation of tile and stone
bead receiver is a small opening that runs all materials.
Coping Track around the pool right underneath the coping,
Bead Receiver the liner bead snaps into the coping track. All The measurement of the pool beam (top
swimming pool final depth measurements are edge) that traces the shape of the pool. Also
taken from your bead receiver/coping track. referred to as the “pool beam. The pool
Perimeter perimeter is important in free-form shape
The area surrounding the perimeter of the pools when calculating the interior surface
pool is considered the decking. Pool decking area to determine pool finishing materials
Decking
can be done in many ways; concrete, and tile.
textured concrete, pavers, wood/trex, or tile.
The measurement of volume, the amount of
The filtration pump is the main pool (or Pool Capacity
water the pool will hold.
spa) pump that pushes water through the
system and pool equipment. For pool+spa These can be manual or robotic type pressure-
combinations the equipment will be shared. side cleaners that will catch leaves, dirt, pine
Filtration Pump Pool Cleaner
Several solutions for pool filtration pumps needles/cones, and things that drop to the
provide single speed, 2-speed, and variable bottom of the pool.
speed options. This pump runs to circulate
water and help keep the pool clear. A pool coping is a finished edge that
surrounds the pool. It can be the finished
The finished depth refers to the actual finished edge of a deck, a poured concrete coping,
depth of your pool. Unless you have a level natural stone or other materials. The pool
pool you will have a deep end and shallow coping may also hold the liner track (bead
Finished Depth Pool Coping
end. The finished depth is typically measured receiver). The liner track holds the liner bead
from the liner track/bead receiver/coping to in place keeping the liner in place as well.
the swimming pool floor. If the finished edge of your deck is exposed
concrete or stone pavers this is also referred
In places where the bottom of the pool floor to as a cantilever coping.
or the decking needs to be substantially
Footing
reinforced, usually due to pools or decks that
are elevated from the ground level.

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©2020 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
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BUILDBLOCK SWIMMING POOL CONSTRUCTION MANUAL

A plumbing fixture located in the deepest

part of the pool to allow water to drain for
maintenance or storage during the winter or
Pool Drain
other times of disuse. There should be two
pool drains to prevent anyone getting trapped
from a single point.

Filtration is one of the key components to

having a crystal clear pool. Cartridge filters
Pool Filter can catch small debris in the pool water that
you cannot see. Pool+spa combinations ,may
share the filter between the pool and spa.

The interior of an ICF pool must be sealed

with a quality finish before it will hold any
water or be visibly appealing. BuildCrete Pool
Pool Interior
Plaster delivers superior performance and
results compared to traditional pool plasters
and other finishes.

The pool liner bead is wedge shaped strip

on the top of the wall to hold the liner in the
Pool Liner
receiver. There are a few different types of
Bead
liner beads, your bead will be determined by
your liner manufacturer.

BuildCrete Pool Plaster is the preferred

finishing system for ICF pools. BuildCrete
is a synthetic plaster product that is 100%
waterproof and uses an embedded 11oz
Pool Plaster fiberglass mesh to deliver superior strength. It
(BuildCrete) also is not a growth medium for algae and is
easily cleaned. It can be colored and installed
by a variety of applicators. Its expected
lifespan is more than twice traditional pool
plasters.

Pool plaster is the final coating applied to the

shell of a concrete in-ground pool. The layer
of plaster is normally 1/4 inch to 1/2 inch
Pool Plaster
thick. Pool plaster adds a watertight seal and
(Traditional)
makes the surface of the pool smoother for
contact with swimmers than the underlying
rough concrete shell.

The standard specs for BuildBlock ICF pools

is rebar 12" o/c (on center). The wall steel is
Rebar
tied to the floor and the vertical steel from the
footing.

There several options for keeping your pool

sanitary and safe: Chlorine Tablets, Salt
Sanitation Chlorine Generators, UV & Ozone (O3)
(Chlorine, UV, chlorine generators to suite your preference.
Salt Water, Chlorine fights against bacteria in the water
Bio Pools, etc.) keep the pool sanitary. Some options like
chlorine might be irritating to some swimmers,
choose the best solution for your pool.

The opening at water level where the raised

Spillway
spa spills into the pool.

This term refers to the square footage of area

of water only inside the pool. As a 2d top
down representation this is the footprint of the
Surface Area
pool which can be understood as the size of
pool, or how much space in the yard the pool
will take up.

BUILDBLOCK SWIMMING POOL CONSTRUCTION MANUAL PAGE 85 Revised August 2020

©2020 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
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MISSION
We envision a world where BuildBlock ICF technology delivers
energy-efficient, safe, healthy, comfortable and sustainable ICF
homes and buildings to millions of people worldwide through
POST FALLS
WAKEFIELD the uncompromising integrity of BuildBlock’s team of distributors,
WEST
BROOKFIELD
dealers and customers.
WATERTOWN PARDEEVILLE

JEROME

VISION
BELCAMP
PIQUA

MCFARLAND COLORADO
SPRINGS
NIXA
To harmoniously use the extraordinary gifts and talents of our
DECATUR
distributors and dealers to fulfill the goals and dreams of millions
of people who want to build better structures as reflected by our
OKLAHOMA CITY
CORPORATE
OFFICE

motto: “Build it once. Build it for life.”

WAXAHACHIE

ST. PETERSBURG
To manufacture one of the most affordable and highest quality
Insulating Concrete Forms available in the world today.
To build greatness by providing the resources and services
needed for building successful ICF businesses and sustainable
ICF structures.
JAMAICA

To build an enduring, profitable company while conducting

business with Godly character, fairness and integrity.

VALUES
INTEGRITY – We strive to balance the best interests of our
NORTH AMERICAN distributors, dealers, customers, employees, and investors in an
MANUFACTURING FACILITIES environment of Godly character and honesty.
EDUCATION – We seek to educate the public on the valuable
BuildBlock Building Systems has fifteen manufacturing
benefits of ICF structures while recognizing that in order to
facilities across North America and plans to add locations expand the industry, we must educate installers, architects, and
for the next several years. This means we have the engineers in ICF best practices.
manufacturing capacity to meet your ICF needs now and
CUSTOMER SATISFACTION – We commit to building a team of
in the future. Shorter shipping distances mean lower freight employees that is inspired, empowered, and driven to meet the
costs for you and your customers. ever-changing needs of our distributors, dealers, and customers
while we seek to distinguish ourselves in the marketplace by
BuildBlock continually develops new products and
delivering exceptional customer satisfaction.
technologies solving problems and meeting needs in
residential, commercial, industrial, and institutional INNOVATION – We value and invest heavily in innovation while
continually expanding our product line through the development
construction. We innovate with the goal of creating cost-
of technologically advanced products.
effective techniques and products for our customers.
QUALITY – We commit to producing the finest quality products. We
Choosing BuildBlock isn’t just about choosing the best ICF stand by the belief that our brand embodies quality, consistency,
block on the market, it’s about finding a partner with a user satisfaction, and service.
strong commitment to our customers, our business partners, PROFITABILITY – We commit to the strong work ethic and financial
and our industry. prudence necessary to deliver financial results for our business
partners and investors and to ensure a Long-term profitable
relationship.
EMPOWERMENT – We dedicate ourselves to empowering people
to improve and enrich their lives and the world around them.

CONTACT BUILDBLOCK

866-222-2575 Toll free buildblock.com

405-840-3386 Office store.buildblock.com

831-597-0792 Fax training.buildblock.com

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The day for building your walls will come,
the day for extending your boundaries.
Micah 7:11