G11 ICT UNIT 4 SHORT NOTES

The World Wide Web (www) is a crucial service of the Internet, consisting of a collection of websites
or webpages accessible through a web browser. It was invented by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989 at CERN,
and it is composed of four essential foundations: HTML, HTTP, a web server, and a web browser.
HTML is the language used to create web pages, while a web browser is software used by users to
view them. A web server stores web pages and responds to user requests, while HTTP is the set of
rules used by web browsers and servers to communicate. and a web browser is a soft ware that is
used by the users to view webpages.

Websites are now the most efficient and effective way for organizations or individuals to present
themselves to their target audiences. They enable global accessibility, allowing organizations to
expand their reach and conduct online transactions. E-commerce companies use websites to make
orders from their homes or workplaces, reducing transportation costs and increasing efficiency.
Government e-services also utilize websites, such as the Immigration Nationality & Vital Events
Agency office, to make applications for passports. Education also uses websites to facilitate various
activities, such as the Ethiopian Ministry of Education's website for making educational resources
accessible to students. Online learning has become widespread globally, especially following the
COVID-19 outbreak.

Website design is the planning and execution of various aspects of a website, including layout,
navigation, appearance, and graphics. The goal is to create a website that is appealing to its target
audience and makes information search easy. Some important guidelines to consider when designing
a website include targeting the target audience, ensuring logical organization of pages for easy
navigation, maintaining consistency in the feel and look of webpages, promoting simplicity in the use
of colors, graphics, and typefaces, and considering accessibility for all users, including those with
disabilities.

Web development involves creating or building websites, while website design deals with defining the
layout and overall look of the website. Websites can be developed using WYSIWYG software like
Adobe Dreamweaver or simple text editors like Notepad. While developing webpages using simple
text editors is slightly more challenging than WYSIWYG software, it is more effective in enabling
learners to master the language.

In summary, website design is a crucial aspect of creating a website that appeals to its target audience
and makes information search easy. By considering the target audience, ensuring consistency,
simplicity, and accessibility, websites can be created that cater to their needs and preferences.

HTML is a markup language used to create webpages, with elements such as headings, tables,
paragraphs, images, and others defined using predefined tags. Since its invention in 1989, HTML has
undergone multiple revisions, with the current version being HTML5. HTML documents can be
prepared using text editor software like Notepad and saved with a ".html" extension.

HTML tags are predefined names enclosed in angle brackets, each with specific meanings. HTML
elements are components of an HTML document, usually having a followed by content and an end
tag. Some HTML elements, known as void elements, have different formats. These elements do not
have an end tag.

HTML attributes define properties to HTML elements, such as left-aligning paragraphs or aligning texts
to the right. Attributes are typically optional for many HTML tags, but some elements require them.
For example, the img HTML element should have the "src" attribute, which refers to the name and
location of the image that needs to be inserted into the webpage. The video element also uses the
"src" attribute to add a video to a webpage.
In summary, HTML is a crucial markup language used to create webpages, with HTML tags and
elements playing a significant role in their functionality. While most HTML elements conform to the
content format, some void elements have different formats and meanings.

HTML links are used to navigate between webpages or parts of a webpage, and can come in the form
of text or images. They are distinguished by the hand symbol that the mouse cursor is turned to when
hovering over them. An anchor tag (a) is used to create hyperlinks, which are displayed when the
webpage is displayed on the browser. The "target" attribute determines where the linked document
is displayed, with values like _self; (the webpage is displayed in the same window/tab) or _blank; (the
webpage is displayed on a separate window/tab).

In addition to texts, images can also be used as links. To use images as a link, embed the image
element inside the anchor tag, placed between and. A relative URL is used to reference the image, as
opposed to an absolute URL, which includes every element of a URL such as the protocol, hostname,
and path of the webpage. Absolute URL includes all elements of a URL, while relative URL is a path
given relative to the location of the current webpage.

Hyperlinks can be created to establish links to other pages or different parts or sections of the same
page, especially in large-sized content pages. The tag is used in two ways: designating names to
specific locations and creating links to locations from other places on the same page. The "name"
attribute designates a name to a location, while the "href" attribute creates links to the locations.

In summary, HTML links are essential for navigating between webpages and different parts of a
webpage. They can be created using the anchor tag (a), target attribute, and image elements.