Received May 1, 2020, accepted June 20, 2020, date of publication July 2, 2020, date of current version July

15, 2020.
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3006582

Evolution and Emerging Trends of Sustainability

in Manufacturing Based on Literature
Visualization Analysis
JING JIANG AND LINCHI QU
School of Economics and Management, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
Corresponding author: Jing Jiang ([email protected])

ABSTRACT Sustainability is necessary for improving the quality of the manufacturing industry, which
is an important pillar of the economy. The existing studies can hardly realize a comprehensive reflection
of the research status of sustainability in manufacturing. Thus, this study adopts science mapping as the
main research method for the systematic and accurate mastery of the overall research status, development
track, research hotspots, and trends within this field. Moreover, this work provides a systematic review
of related studies. This study examines 6,591 articles (1999–2019), including in core journals on Web
of Science as research samples, and deeply explores core journal, core author, core country, discipline
distribution, keyword co-occurrence, and literature co-citation via CiteSpace software. According to results,
authoritative journals regarding sustainability in manufacturing place particular emphasis on theory, method,
or application in different degrees. The number of published articles in the U.S.A. tops the ranking, and the
influence of Chinese research institutes and scholars is continuously enhanced, where the main research
fields are engineering, environmental science, and so on. Sustainable innovativeness in the manufacturing
industry is generally at a high level. Moreover, research hotspots have evolved from traditional to modern
and undergone three phases: theory construction—industry or enterprise technology construction—the
emergence of new problems and application of new technologies. This study further analyzes the four clusters
with citation bursts, namely, additive manufacturing, power consumption, green supply chain, and green
information system in terms of grasping the knowledge structures and probing the classical research results.
Future research should emphasize 3D printing design and application in the information era, the business
model integrating the manufacturing industry and service industry, optimization of production modeling,
and so on. This study aims to provide a systematic, comprehensive, dynamic, and objective review of the
literature on sustainability in manufacturing to deepen and perfect the research in this field.

INDEX TERMS Manufacturing industry, sustainability, bibliometrics, science mapping, evolution, emerging
trends.

I. INTRODUCTION for industry inclusiveness and sustainable growth. The con-

The manufacturing industry is known as the driving force cept of sustainability is derived from Brundtland’s report
for the growth, structural change, and acceleration of the in 1987 at the earliest, which refers to the path to improve our
economy, which exerts far-reaching and extensive influence current and descendants’ living quality and well-being [2].
on the national economy [1]. Especially after the 2008 Global The presentation of the concept of sustainable manufacturing
Financial Crisis, the importance of the real economy has been is the product fusing sustainable development theory and
re-recognized, and the development trend and competitive the paradigm transformation of the manufacturing industry.
pattern of the manufacturing industry are faced with sig- No international consensus has been reached over the defini-
nificant changes. Many countries with renewed interest in tion of sustainable manufacturing. In a narrow sense, sustain-
the manufacturing industry have proposed high expectations able manufacturing is a production model, which mitigates
negative environmental impacts while transforming materi-
The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and als into products through new technologies and skills [3].
approving it for publication was Shunfeng Cheng. According to the U.S. Department of Commerce, sustainable

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. For more information, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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J. Jiang, L. Qu: Evolution and Emerging Trends of Sustainability in Manufacturing

manufacturing means creating manufactured materials using research hotspots and development trends of sustainability in
materials and processing flows with minimum negative envi- manufacturing. Henao combed the development direction and
ronmental impact and by economically reasonable means; challenges in the lean manufacturing industry and sustainable
such means should conserve energy and natural resources and performance according to the five-step synthesis method,
be safe for staff, society, and consumers [4]. Broadly, sustain- contributing to the recognition of the main research trends
able manufacturing serves as a comprehensive strategy, which at present [18].
can systematically relieve the environmental impacts of the Through the nearly 20-year development in the sustain-
manufacturing industry and provide performance assess- ability field of the manufacturing industry, rich knowledge
ment [5]. Sustainability is suitable for implementing an orga- reserves and theoretical contributions have been formed,
nization scheme of new methods, measures, and technologies which are worthy of careful summarization and extraction.
in the manufacturing field to cope with worldwide resource However, most of the existing literature reviews on the manu-
shortage, relieve environmental pressure and make an envi- facturing industry remain at the interdisciplinary microscope
ronmentally friendly product life cycle possible [6]. As the of knowledge, industry level, or enterprise-level and focus on
concept of sustainability is introduced in the manufacturing optimization and practice of research methods or evolution
industry, related scholars have considerably discussed and of the development trends of the sustainability field of the
formed different research branches. manufacturing industry. Although these studies are essential
Sustainability research is an interdisciplinary field that for scholars to understand the current status of the sustain-
enjoys rapid development, including engineering, environ- ability field of the manufacturing industry, the research scope
mental sustainability, the science of mathematics, materials and number in the current literature review are quite limited.
science, social sciences, chemistry, public policy, economic Thus, comprehensively and objectively reflecting the overall
management, and so on. First, focusing on conceptual the- situation of manufacturing sustainability studies is difficult.
ories, many scholars have established an extensive research Most of the existing literature centers on qualitative literature
framework for sustainability in manufacturing and the review and simple word frequency statistics. Moreover, these
exertion of influence, e.g., demarcation of 51 sustainability studies generally adopt artificial consultation and organiza-
terminologies in the field of environmental engineering [7], tion. In the subjective summarization and generalization of
the practice of sustainable manufacturing industry, and strate- research status and development trend, researchers can be
gic framework and development [8]. Second, many scholars easily influenced by subjective thought and knowledge blind
concentrate on the summarization and analysis of sustainabil- zone. Therefore, understanding and mastering the history,
ity in manufacturing. Moon analyzed 192 conference papers current status, and trend of sustainability in manufacturing
from 2000–2015 and sought for the most common simula- research are significant in further understanding the devel-
tion method in the field of sustainable manufacturing [9]. opment path of sustainability in manufacturing research and
Chan et al. classified 100 pieces of literature regarding the discovering new research problems to provide a reference for
systematic management of sustainability according to three topic selection, academic innovation, and development trend
major elements: production planning and control, inventory in the field.
management, and production network design of the manufac-
turing system [10]. In addition, many scholars have regarded II. RESEARCH DESIGN
related industries or enterprises as the research objects of sus- A. RESEARCH METHOD AND TOOL
tainability. Gerner and Benlemlih pointed out that sustainable Science mapping is a kind of image-displaying development
enterprise development can promote the innovation ability of course and structural relation of scientific knowledge by tak-
business model evolution [11] and help to exploit financing ing knowledge graphs as the object [19]. Based on existing
channels [12]. Karlsson compared and verified the setting of theory and previous practice, this method is commonly used
internal and external stakeholders of an enterprise in com- to interpret the discipline development trend [19], research
mercial sustainable practice [13]. Sanchez-Bueno revealed a progress, hotspot front [20], disciplinary knowledge struc-
negative correlation between R&D activity and the down- ture [21], and dynamic evolutionary relationship [22]. First,
sizing of middle- and small-sized enterprises in the manu- this study conducted a basic statistical analysis of core jour-
facturing industry [14]. Tran found that state corporations nals, core authors, core country, and discipline distribution in
in Southeast Asia paid high attention to information disclo- the field of sustainability in manufacturing and presented the
sure in sustainable development [15]. Some scholars have basic conditions of this field. Then, the researchers carried out
improved and innovated research methods for sustainability a keyword co-occurrence network analysis of literature in this
in manufacturing. Ojstersek proposed amulticriterion opti- field and summarized the focus of attention and subfields of
mization method to evaluate the influence of manufacturing this field. This study deeply analyzed the knowledge structure
flexibility on sustainable rationality [16]. Martinez-Sentana of hotspot clustering on the basis of literature co-citation
innovatively proposed supply adjustment and guarantee in knowledge graphs. Ultimately, this study explored the emerg-
the field of energy sustainability research and quantitatively ing trend of the field of sustainability in manufacturing on the
compared different countries with the energy sustainability basis of citation bursts. Fig. 1 shows the framework diagram
index [17]. Furthermore, some scholars have analyzed the of this study.

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 J. Jiang, L. Qu: Evolution and Emerging Trends of Sustainability in Manufacturing

the Journal of Cleaner Production pays attention to the theory

and practice of cleaner production. The number of articles it
issues exceeds those of other journals. Thus, it has the greatest
influence in this field, followed by the International Jour-
nal of Production Economics and the International Journal
of Production Research. The former focuses on solving the
interaction problem between engineering and management
and attaches importance to the preciseness and innovation
of research methods. The latter particularly emphasizes inno-
vation management, product design, manufacturing process,
FIGURE 1. The research framework of sustainability in manufacturing. production, and logistics system. Resources, Conservation
and Recycling highlights the transition toward a sustain-
able production and consumption system. Different from
B. DATA SOURCE AND PROCESSING other academic journals, Renewable and Sustainable Energy
To realize the research objectives properly, strictly control- Reviews mainly summarizes academic opinions and manage-
ling the scientificity and comprehensiveness of the litera- ment practice in the field of renewable and sustainable energy.
ture selection process is necessary. According to Bradford’s
Literature Scattering Law, most key pieces of literature are B. CORE AUTHOR ANALYSIS
intensively included in core journals. Therefore, all research The number of articles published is the manifestation of
literature in this study was derived from core databases SCIE researcher productivity in one research field and also a basic
and SSCI of Web of Science, which include core academic factor facilitating the rapid development of this field. This
journals with the greatest influence in the fields of natural and study used CiteSpace to analyze related author networks and
social sciences. This study carried out a duplicate checking of mined the core authors that have made outstanding contribu-
the literature records and ultimately obtained 6,591 literature tions to this field (Fig. 2). In Fig. 2, many similar nodes exist,
records. The time parameter was set as 1999–2019 and Year which are dispersed with a small number of node ligatures.
per Slice as 3. The first 30% high-frequency nodes in each This pattern indicates that studies regarding sustainability in
time period were used. Tab. 1 displays the additional search manufacturing are quite dispersed. In addition, the associa-
details. tion between researchers in academic exchange and scientific
research is not close, and most researchers have carried out
TABLE 1. Summary of searching for details.
their studies in individual form or small group form. There-
fore, no authoritative large-scale organizations have been
formed. American professor Angappa Gunasekaran ranks
first with 30 published articles, followed by Indian professor
Vinodh with 29 published articles.

III. BASIC STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF LITERATURE

REGARDING FILED SUSTAINABILITY IN
MANUFACTURING
The statistical analysis of research literature related to sus-
tainability in manufacturing mainly refers to the comprehen-
sive analysis of the research summary in this field in number
and quality to gain a comprehensive understanding of related
research scholars, regional research institutes, and countries.

A. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF CORE JOURNALS

Tab. 2 lists core journals of high co-citation in the field of
sustainability in manufacturing in 1999–2019. All impact
factors are greater than 2, and the average influence factor FIGURE 2. The network of main authors.
is greater than 9, indicating that high-quality research results
have appeared in the sustainability field in the manufactur- High co-citation frequency is among the important indexes
ing industry in recent years. Different journals have differ- used to measure important influence exerted by one research
ent themes and emphasize different contents. For instance, field. Through the high co-citation network of authors

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J. Jiang, L. Qu: Evolution and Emerging Trends of Sustainability in Manufacturing

TABLE 2. List of cited journals (Top 10).

perspectives, such as influence factors [24], measurement

model [25], organization size [26], enterprise manage-
ment [27], and transnational comparison [28], which became
research hotspots of sustainability in manufacturing. Amer-
ican scholar Meade concentrated on quantitative research
on the process of the manufacturing industry and further
promoted the development of the business process [29],
decision-making model [30], and assessment model [30]
fields in the manufacturing industry. German professor Seur-
ing comprehensively combed the theoretical framework [31]
and modeling method [32] of supply chain management and
enterprise competition [33] in the supply chain through a
literature review. The number of articles published is not nec-
essarily correlated with cited frequency, and scholars ranking
first in a number of published articles may not have outstand-
ing performance in the aspect of cited frequency.

C. ANALYSIS OF MAIN COUNTRIES/RESEARCH

FIGURE 3. The network of main cited authors.
INSTITUTES
The number of published articles reflects the research level
and field contribution of different countries, regions, and
in Fig. 3, institutions and organizations play a significant scientific research institutions. The core areas where a large
role in the sustainability field of the manufacturing indus- number of articles were published regarding the sustainability
try, e.g., International Standardization Organization (ISO), in manufacturing are distributed in North America, Europe,
European Union (EU), United Nations (UN), Organiza- and Asia (Tab. 3). First, America tops the list with 1,402 pub-
tion for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), lished articles, accounting for 15.5% of the total number
and so on. OECD conducted environmental policy stud- of published articles where Illinois University is the main
ies on the sustainable production field, including enterprise research front of this field in America. Second, representative
behaviors and environmental policies, the role played by Asian countries with large numbers of published articles
governments in stimulating environmental management sys- are China and India, both reaching over 400. The Chinese
tem, different system needs of small- and medium-sized Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University,
enterprises, and so on. The United Nations Environmental Tsinghua University, National Institute of Advanced Indus-
Protection Agency identified three policy tools: regulatory trial Science and Technology (Japan), and the University of
tool, market-based tool, and information-based tool [23]. Malaya are research institutions with numbers of published
Porter established his status in competitiveness research articles ranking Top 10. The related studies in Europe are
through his classical works, namely, Competitive Strategy, mainly concentrated in developed countries, such as Britain,
Competitive Advantage, and National Competitive Advan- Italy, Spain, and Germany where the University of Manch-
tage Theory. Chinese scholar Zhu investigated the practice ester, University of Nottingham, the University of Cambridge
of green supply chain management in China from different in Britain, and Polytechnic University of Milan in Italy are

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TABLE 3. Countries and institutions (Top 10).

FIGURE 4. Discipline distribution of sustainability in manufacturing.

important research institutions dedicated to studies on sus- growth speed, the heat degree of the engineering field main-
tainability in manufacturing. Research institutions in China tains an explosion-type growth. However, studies on business
rank top not only in the number of published articles but and economic fields have lagged.
also the number of cited Chinese authors, indicating that
the strength and influence of sustainability research of the
manufacturing industry in China, which has the largest man- IV. EVOLUTIONARY ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH HOTSPOTS
ufacturing industry across the world, have been gradually REGARDING SUSTAINABILITY IN MANUFACTURING
recognized by international academic journals. This study tracked the dynamic change of studies on sustain-
ability in manufacturing on the basis of Schneider’s scientific
discipline theory [34]. Schneider deemed that a scientific
D. ANALYSIS OF DISCIPLINE ATTRIBUTES field usually undergoes four development phases. In the first
Fig. 4 shows the discipline attribute distribution regarding phase, a series of problems in new fields are mainly con-
sustainability in manufacturing over the past 20 years. From firmed, belonging to the conceptualization phase. In the next
left to right, the darker the shade of red, the more the phase, known as the tool construction phase, researchers sur-
contributions of one discipline. Studies on sustainability in vey phenomena in a broader scope by virtue of development
manufacturing mainly concentrate on engineering science, technologies or tools. The third phase is the application phase,
accounting for 14.7%, because great technical support is in which new technologies merge endlessly and support the
needed in the actual sustainability process of the manufactur- existing research problems while research branches continue
ing industry, followed by environmental science and science to arise. In the final phase or the codification phase, previous
and technology, which have generated 2,082 and 1,905 pieces theoretical and practical experiences are organized and uti-
of literature, respectively. Sustainability in manufacturing lized. At present, research on sustainability in manufacturing
presents an interdisciplinary development trend, involving is in the third phase.
various research fields, such as environmental science, green Keyword co-occurrence network construction is based on
and sustainable science and technology, materials science, co-word analysis, namely, calculating the number of times
chemistry, business, and economics. In terms of the overall every two words (as one group) that appear in the same

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J. Jiang, L. Qu: Evolution and Emerging Trends of Sustainability in Manufacturing

FIGURE 5. Evolution of knowledge of sustainability in manufacturing in 1999–2019.

group of literature. Through keyword co-occurrence analysis, In the second phase (2005–2016), or the tool construction
the relations of related themes in the research field can be phase, the increased amplitude of literature was enlarged,
confirmed to find hotspots in this field. This study adopted scholars attempted to explore some methods and technologies
a time-zone map to explore the process of keyword associa- to solve the problems they encountered. Scholars paid atten-
tion (time level) and knowledge evolution. In this research tion to the influence of sustainability in manufacturing [41],
field, 146 keywords surfaced in 1999–2019, and the total introduced the optimization [42] and simulation [43] as the
frequency of occurrence reached 17,551. Fig. 5 shows the main research methods, carried out extensive discussion dif-
high-frequency keywords in the sustainability studies of the ferent fields within the theoretical framework [44] about
manufacturing industry in different periods and presents the mechanical properties [45] and implementation technol-
research emphases of scholars, which varied from phase to ogy [46], and highlighted the importance of innovation [47],
phase. Fig. 5 shows the keywords that appeared more than and so on. Scholars in this phase were dedicated to sustainable
five times in the past 20 years. In each time zone, font manufacturing [48], supply chain management [41], energy
size denotes the frequency of keyword occurrence, that is, consumption [49], and enterprise social responsibility [50],
the larger the font size, the higher the frequency of keyword hinting that related scholars started attaching importance to
occurrence. coordinating the relationships among economy, ecology, and
The first phase (1999–2004) was a conceptualization phase society. The abovementioned hotspot evolution manifested
in which new objects and new phenomena were introduced in that the sustainability studies of the manufacturing industry
new studies with a small number of pieces of literature, which were continuously refined, and they did not discuss extensive
mainly discussed sustainability definition [35] and life cycle concepts such as sustainability any longer. Second, multilevel
assessment [36]. The performance was a critical problem and rich research topics were proposed to improve sustain-
in the sustainability research of the manufacturing indus- ability in manufacturing.
try [37]. Moreover, a systematic angle was taken as the entry In the third phase (after 2016), namely, the application
point [38], modeling was the main research method [39], phase, the ability to understand and solve problems greatly
and sustainability in manufacturing was introduced into the improved. In comparison with the second phase, the research
management field [40]. The research hotspots in this phase perspectives of scholars experienced evident changes, and
reflected a typical research trend, namely, starting from con- scientific and technological development hastened the gener-
ceptual research of theoretical definition and settling on ation of professional solutions. Modern topics, such as addi-
design and verification of research methods. tive manufacturing, circular economy, Industry 4.0, future,

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and 3D printing, attracted extensive attention. Such topics homogeneity. Year expresses the average publishing year of
reflect epochal and cutting-edge characters and the evolution each cluster.
of research topics to a certain degree. The scale and distri- CiteSpace provides a rich and visualized demonstration in
bution of the manufacturing industry were modified because the analysis of emerging trends and changes in the network.
of the demands for advanced manufacturing technologies The link between two nodes in Fig. 6 means that two lit-
and customized services to facilitate the development of erature are co-cited, and node size denotes cited frequency.
additive manufacturing technologies [51]. The mastery of The different colors of nodes and links distinguish differ-
origin, basic principles, and advantages and disadvantages ent times. The researchers excluded classical literature with
of circular economy and modeling at different levels and the high co-cited frequency in each cluster. Classical literature
implementation provided references for decision makers to represents the knowledge base of one field, and cutting-
promote the circular economy [52]. Muller believed that strat- edge literature represents research hotspots and trends in one
egy, operation, environment, and social opportunity were the field as well as the current research status. This study used
positive driving forces for implementing Industry 4.0, while modularity Q and mean silhouette to evaluate the clustering
challenges in competitiveness, survivability, and integrating effect of knowledge maps. Researchers used the modularity
the degree between organization and production impeded the of the overall network to evaluate the network modularization
progress of Industry 4.0 [53]. index. The greater the value, the better the cluster obtained by
the network. If the value was greater than 0.3, the obtained
V. ANALYSIS OF KNOWLEDGE STRUCTURE REGARDING network community structure was remarkable. The higher the
SUSTAINABILITY IN MANUFACTURING clustering mean silhouette, the higher the clustering homo-
Co-citation analysis means that if two pieces of literature geneity, thus manifesting the consistency of literature in the
simultaneously appear in the bibliography from which third cluster. When the value was greater than 0.5, the clustering
literature is cited, then the two pieces of literature form a co- structure could be considered reasonable. The modularity of
citation relationship. Co-citation analysis reflects the main this network was 0.8515, and the mean silhouette value was
problems and methods researched by academic articles and 0.478, meaning that the sustainability research network of
the main contributions. This analysis is a condensation of the manufacturing industry was of high credibility (Fig.6).
main research opinions and is taken as a critical index for Fig. 6 shows the co-citation and citation burst of literature
literature clustering analysis, which reveals the knowledge regarding sustainability in manufacturing. Citation burst rep-
structure of one field and reflects important scholars and resents areas with the most active studies, marked by red
classical literature. circles, which can clearly track the focus of their disciplinary
The co-citation network regarding sustainability in man-
ufacturing includes 357 nodes, 913 links, and 61 clusters.
The researchers excluded the small-scale and non-primary
clusters and were able to obtain 11 core clusters. Tab. 4 lists
193 nodes of the 11 clusters, accounting for 54% of the
whole network. Each cluster is named according to the LLR
algorithm, and the keyword phrase markers in the articles
of this cluster are cited [54]. The silhouette values of the
main clusters in the sustainability field of the manufactur-
ing industry range from 0.8 to 1, indicating high cluster

TABLE 4. Major clusters of co-cited references.

FIGURE 6. Knowledge map of co-citation.

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J. Jiang, L. Qu: Evolution and Emerging Trends of Sustainability in Manufacturing

TABLE 5. Cited references and citing articles of Cluster 4 on additive manufacturing (Top 5).

TABLE 6. Cited references and citing articles of Cluster 7 on power consumption (Top 5).

TABLE 7. Cited references and citing articles of Cluster 2 on green supply chain management (Top 5).

circles. According to the existing analyses, sustainability in 23 pieces of literature. Hence, it was the largest cluster
manufacturing is a topic with underestimated academic value with the latest average citation time, and it represented the
but broad radiation scope. Hence, the topic is worthy of fur- cutting edge of sustainability research of the manufacturing
ther focus and deep discussion. Therefore, this study further industry. Additive manufacturing has become one of the dis-
analyzed Clusters 4, 7, 2, and 6 with citation burst. Tabs. 5–8 cipline orientations with the fastest development, the most
show cited literature at high frequency and literature of the active technical research, and the highest attention in the
four clusters (cited frequency derived from WOS, the search field of world-class advanced manufacturing. At present,
result on March 7, 2020). additive manufacturing studies are mainly divided into two
The research topic of Cluster 4 was additive manufactur- aspects: retrospective and qualitative studies, mainly being
ing, which focused on the product design and transforma- literature review. Duflou’s works were publications with the
tion of the manufacturing mode (Tab. 5). Cluster 4 included highest cited frequency in this cluster, and he systemati-

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TABLE 8. Cited references and citing articles of Cluster 6 on green information system (Top 5).

cally reviewed how to improve the resource efficiency and Through the abovementioned literature, power consumption
technology of discrete parts manufacturing [55]. Kara dis- has become a non-negligible focus of attention in the opti-
cussed the relationship between energy consumption and mization of the production process, improvement of enter-
process variable, and his article was also one of the arti- prise efficiency, perfection of research paradigm, and strate-
cles with highly cited frequency [56]. Haapala summarized gic planning. As reflected by an analysis of citing articles,
the sustainable manufacturing concept, method, and tool in nowadays, scholars lay particular emphasis on production
the engineering field from two levels: system and opera- system optimization [64], [65] and energy consumption prac-
tion in detail [57]. Ford highlighted the potential benefits tice [65]–[67]. Given that only few studies have been carried
and challenges in the practice of the additive manufacturing out from the overall systematic perspectives, future studies
field through the case study method and discussed the influ- can deepen the understanding of power consumption from a
ence of additive manufacturing on sustainability [51]. The global angle.
other type is application-oriented quantitative research, which The research topic of Cluster 2 was the green supply chain.
reaches sustainable goals mainly through technological and By analyzing classical literature, we found that this cluster
process innovation. Rajemi provided empirical evidence for mainly includes two major fields, namely, supplier and prod-
the additive manufacturing industry, and he adjusted critical uct sustainability (Tab. 7). Seuring conducted a retrospective
parameters to reduce energy use and energy cost and mit- research on 191 literature published in 1994–2007, proposed
igate environmental impacts [58]. Additive manufacturing strategies for supplier management and supply chain man-
has become one of the most important technologies in the agement of sustainable products, and summarized the main
manufacturing field. In addition, cutting-edge literature pays research direction for enterprises and researchers [31]. The
significant attention to manufacturing technology and the literature review on green supply chain management by
comparison of the energy consumption of production pro- Sarkis provided a valuable theoretical foundation for subse-
cesses [59], [60]. Although scholars have enriched studies on quent profound studies [68]. The latest article with highly
additive manufacturing from different angles, the practice and cited frequency was the research conducted by Ghisellini in
application of additive manufacturing remains limited, not to 2006, who sought for the main characteristics and prospects
mention the exploration of systematization and digitalization. of the circular economy field from micro-, meso-, and macro-
The research topic of Cluster 7 was power consumption levels, aiming to improve resource utilization efficiency [52].
(Tab. 6). Regarding the writing articles with the highest cited Green paid close attention to the influence of green sup-
frequency in this cluster, Jayal presented, in the form of lit- ply chain management practice on performance [69]. In a
erature review, the challenges encountered by the sustainable review of literature Giménez answered the influence of gov-
manufacturing industry in the aspects of modeling and opti- ernance structure on sustainable performance and provided
mization of products, processes, and systems; the author also clarification and ideas for further studies from the aspect of
provided an overall research perspective for this field [61]. management [70]. Based on the clustering results analysis,
Herrmann deemed that the power consumption of manu- the enterprise is the main path to implement the green supply
facturing enterprises could be reduced only by considering chain, and the product is the main object of the green supply
the mutual dependency of technical processes [62]. Garetti chain. The existing studies are mainly dominated by scholar
reformed the research paradigm of sustainable manufactur- teams, lacking the participation of employees. Cutting-edge
ing industry and proposed that technology and education literature represents attention paid by scholars to sustainable
are also driving factors for sustainable manufacturing [48]. consumption and production [71], planning method [72],
Jovane proposed the necessary steps from economic growth and motivational influence [73], [74] as the practical appli-
to sustainable development and explored actions taken by dif- cation and extension of theoretical studies on classical
ferent stakeholders at macro-, meso-, and micro-levels [63]. literature.

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J. Jiang, L. Qu: Evolution and Emerging Trends of Sustainability in Manufacturing

FIGURE 7. Number of publications and the modularity of the network in 1999–2019.

The research topic of Cluster 6 was green information development of studies in this field in a timely manner. New
system, and the average citation time was early, represent- changes in manufacturing can be captured by tracking the
ing the research emphasis of the manufacturing industry change of network modularity. The knowledge structure of
in and before 2008 (Tab. 8). Vachon explored the rela- sustainability in manufacturing can be expressed as a litera-
tionship between environmental coordination and manufac- ture co-citation network, and new articles may result in the
turing performance in the supply chain, laid a theoretical profound structural changes of this network. Fig. 7 is a sum-
foundation for their relationship, and empirically verified mary of articles published in the sustainability research field
the influence of environmental cooperation on manufac- of the manufacturing industry in 1999–2019. On the whole,
turing performance [38]. Yang deeply analyzed the rela- the total number of published articles in this field increased
tionships of enterprise performance with lean production yearly and presented an exponential growth trend. The orange
practice and environmental management. He believed that dotted lines represent the fitted curve of the annual number of
lean production experience was positively correlated with published articles, and its formula is presented below:
environmental management practice, whereas environmen-
tal management practice was negatively correlated with y = 7.4045e0.2442x ,
the financial performance [75]. Through a review of the R2 = 0.9124,
existing literature regarding lean and green supply chain
where y is the annual number of published articles, and
management, Dües thought that lean production was good for
x is the year. R2 value is 0.9124, indicating acceptable
green practice, and green practice generated a positive influ-
goodness-of-fit, meaning that sustainability in manufacturing
ence on commerce [76]. Joung constructed a comprehensive
has kept a the rapid growth trend in the next few years.
index set including five sustainability dimensions, namely,
The number of published articles was marginal and grew
environmental management, economic growth, social wel-
slowly before 2010. Since 2010, the number of published
fare, technological progress, and performance management
articles started increasing by a large margin year by year,
to assess sustainability manufacturing initiatives of compa-
meaning that sustainability in manufacturing has gradually
nies [77].Faulkner created a set of complete measurement
become a research hotspot and has attracted increasing atten-
methods and tools for sustainable value flow mapping to
tion from scholars. This growth conforms to the notion that
evaluate environmental and social sustainable performances
social development and environmental problems need urgent
of production lines [78]. Current studies have extended the
solutions. The diagram below displays the modularity change
application practice of green information system. However,
of the whole network, which presents an overall rising trend.
confusion still exists over how to evaluate green information.
However, modularity declined in 2006, reached the lowest
Moreover, establishing a scientific and reasonable index sys-
point of 0.562 in 2009. Then, it started rising back to over
tem with strong operability and broad scope of application
0.7 in 2012 and nearly remained unchanged and steady
remains a difficulty.
since then. The abovementioned evidence shows that studies
on sustainability in manufacturing experienced some major
VI. EMERGING TRENDS OF SUSTAINABILITY IN structural changes in 2009 and 2012. Published literature
MANUFACTURING STUDIES in the two years was profoundly surveyed through citation
Discovering and mining the breakthrough changes and burst. As a calculation technology used to discover events
emerging trends of a research field helps to track the latest and other mutation types[79], citation burst detection usually

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 J. Jiang, L. Qu: Evolution and Emerging Trends of Sustainability in Manufacturing

TABLE 9. Articles published in 2009 with citation bursts.

means attracting high attention in a potentially intriguing an energy consumption estimation method on the basis of
direction within a short time. Citation burst has two attributes: the relationship between digital code and energy-consuming
burst intensity and burst duration. components [87]. Bruzzone from Cluster 7 brought forward
Through a comprehensive analysis of articles published an energy-saving, consciousness scheduling, nonmixed inte-
in 2009, the declining modularity was manifested by the ger model [88]. Tab. 10 shows that the articles with high cita-
aggregation of previously disperse clusters in 2009. Tab. 9 tion bursts in 2012 paid joint attention to modeling, tool, and
lists five articles with citation bursts in 2009. The pioneering method improvement and other problems in the manufactur-
research by Herrmann in the aspect of energy efficiency ing sustainability field. In addition, the 3D printing of additive
had the highest citation burst, and the research lasted from manufacturing became a new trend [89]. Recent studies have
2011 to 2016 [62]. Park’s article about energy efficiency paid more attention to the process modeling, development,
started having citation bursts since 2012, which reached as and application of manufacturing sustainability [48], [90].
high as 8.3869 [80]. This value was accurate because stud- Gunaseraran analyzed a sustainable business model by com-
ies on sustainability in manufacturing emphasized energy bining the manufacturing and service industries and achieved
efficiency in the early phase, and the two articles laid a great progress in solving environmental problems. The four
foundation for early-stage studies on sustainability in man- citation bursts lasted until 2019, exerting the greatest effect
ufacturing. Finnveden and Ortiz-Rodriguez investigated sus- on research fronts of manufacturing sustainability [91].
tainable development and life cycle assessment, and their
citation bursts continued from 2011 to 2016, lasting seven
years [81], [82]. Gutowski deeply and comprehensively ana- VII. RESEARCH CONCLUSIONS AND EXPECTATIONS
lyzed the influence degree of sustainability and energy con- A. MAIN RESEARCH CONCLUSIONS
version efficiency [83]. The above-mentioned observation This study used the scientific bibliometrics method centering
can imply that the reason for the decline in the whole network on science mapping to conclude the research characteristics
modularity in 2009 was that studies centering on energy and basic information of sustainability in the manufacturing
efficiency and life cycle assessment presented a centralized field and depict its evolution course based on which the
tendency. future development direction of sustainability was explored.
Network modularity rebounded sharply in 2012, meaning This study used CiteSpace software to analyze core journals,
that network clusters became loose. Tab. 10 lists 11 pieces core authors, core countries, discipline distribution, keyword
of literature with citation bursts, where five came from Clus- co-occurrence, and literature co-citation knowledge maps
ter 4, accounting for 45% of the whole network. This number of 6,591 articles with regard to sustainability in manufactur-
shows that an increasing number of scholars have turned ing in 1999–2019. The main results are presented as follows:
their eyes on additive manufacturing, thus influencing the High-quality research results are generated in this field.
modularity of the whole network. In this cluster, Kellens Core journals with highly cited frequency lay different
creatively applied the life cycle method to system inventory particular emphasis on theoretical foundation, empirical
research [84]. Hu first proposed an online efficiency detection method, policy research, and practical application. Aca-
system with the aim of lowering the cost [85]. Cluster 7 also demic exchange between core authors is not that close,
generated a remarkable effect on the change of network mod- and no large-scale authorities are formed. As prominent
ularity in 2012. As a research scholar, He raised a classical high-citation authors, ISO, EU, UN, and OECD exert enor-
modeling method in March to measure energy consump- mous influence in sustainability research. The main research
tion [86]. He was the most active scholar within this field in areas and research institutions are distributed in North Amer-
2012 and published two articles with high citation bursts. His ica, Europe, and Asia. This field centers on engineering
other thesis was published in October wherein he proposed science, environmental science, and science and technology

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J. Jiang, L. Qu: Evolution and Emerging Trends of Sustainability in Manufacturing

TABLE 10. Articles published in 2012 with citation bursts.

with increasingly evident interdisciplinary fusion attributes the development track of core fields related to sustainability
and pluralistic development trends. in manufacturing has been determined, thus laying a solid
Under the four stages of the theoretical framework of foundation for probing the emerging development direction.
discipline development, studies on sustainability in manufac- The number of literature regarding sustainability in manu-
turing have formed the main blueprint, following the logic facturing presents exponential growth. Literatures published
thread of concept definition, tool construction, and appli- in 2009 and 2012 generated marked influences on the overall
cation phases. According to keyword co-occurrence results, network modularity. The modularity in 2009 was changed
research hotspots in the last 20 years stay at enterprise and because of two research topics: life cycle assessment and
industry levels with the main attention paid to sustainability energy efficiency. Clusters 4 and 7 had the greatest contri-
theory and practical development, factors influencing enter- butions to rebounding modularity in 2012. On the grounds of
prise or industrial performance, and the realization method citation burst intensity and duration, 3D printing, manufac-
of system modeling. Furthermore, the research perspectives turing industry and service industry fusion, process model-
of scholars undergo evident changes in the application phase. ing, development tracking, challenge prediction, and practical
They have transformed from influence generation, optimiza- application may become emerging trends in the field of
tion, and simulation in the previous second phase into the sustainability in manufacturing.
current additive manufacturing, circular economy, 3D print-
ing, and Industry 4.0, and so on. This change, to a certain B. EXPECTATIONS
degree, reflects the epochal, cutting-edge, and evolutionary This study comprehensively and clearly mastered the
characteristics of research topics. bibliometrics method used, the research status, research
Based on the literature co-citation results, the research fronts, research hotspots, and research trends regarding
results related to sustainability in manufacturing can be sub- sustainability in manufacturing over the 20 years through
divided into 11 mainstream research fields. Four clusters— a quantitative analysis of literature characteristics and cited
additive manufacturing, energy consumption, green supply data. The above findings have important implications for
chain management, and green information system—attract developing sustainability in manufacturing which will be a
the attention of many scholars in the recent period. Through long-term and complex process. In the near future, the busi-
further analysis of knowledge structures of the four clusters, ness model of production will gradually make changes to

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