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5 - Criminology Research

Bachelor of science in Criminology (University of Caloocan City)

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CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Research is conducted to address a particular issue. This is to be

done in a precise and systematic manner to look for new knowledge, skills,

attitudes and values, or for the re-interpretation of existing knowledge,

skills, attitudes and values. Researchers’ task is to make use of the existing

data to investigate and find results, and analyze whether this newly

gathered facts are also true to other environment.

In conducting research, researchers must be cautious. They must

allocate plenty of time to complete each stage of the activity. They must be

conscientious and need to work in the library for a certain number of

hours each week. They need to add some more hours or weeks before the

scheduled deadline because there are some things that take more time

than what is planned, and there are some stages in research work that are

more difficult than what the researchers expect. In short, there are

unexpected difficulties and problems (Trimmer, 1992) and they may lead

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to academic failures. Hence, this study is conducted to investigate the most

difficult item of all the problems that the student-researchers of

Criminology students experienced at Agoncillo College Inc (ACI).

According to Logan (n.d.), any time personal problems could occupy

some of the cognitive capacity and interfere academic pursuits.

Occasionally, the best solution to a problem depends on what causes it, in

which case, one has to discover why the problem arises. But in most cases,

the best approach is simply to deal with the problem.

Most of the time, research work is found to be a tedious and very

tiring job to do; however, teachers and students cannot get away from this

work because most often this is an academic requirement.

Statement of the Problem

The study endeavored to assess the challenges experienced by

criminology students in fulfilling their degree at Agoncillo College Inc.

during school year 2017-2018.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

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1.1 age;

1.2 sex; and

1.3 year level?

2. What is the extent of challenges experienced by the students in the

given areas below:

2.1 academic subjects;

2.2 tools and equipment;

2.3 academic staff; and

2.4 on-the-job training?

3. To what extent do the given factors affect the acquisition of knowl-

edge, skills and values of the students ?

4. What is the level of acceptance of the respondents on the offered

suggestions of the researchers to improve the instruction in the criminol-

ogy department?

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Conceptual Framework

To restore life as through therapy and education or restore good

condition, operation or capacity. The rehabilitation is that people are not

permanently criminal and that is possible to restore to criminal useful life,

to a life to which they to contribute to themselves to the society. A goal to

the rehabilitation is to prevent habitual offending, also known criminal

recidivism. Rather than punishing the harm out of a criminal into a more

state of mind, or into attitude which would be helpful to society.

This theory of punishment is based on the nation that punishment is

to be inflicted on an offender so as to reform him/her, or rehabilitate

him/her so as to make his/her re-integration into society easier.

Punishments that are in accordance with this theory or community

service, probation orders, and any form of punishment which entails any

form of guidance and after care towards the offender.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

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INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

tt -Profile of the -Assessment -

of the Recommendation
Respondents s given by the
-Challenges respondents
of the researchers to
Experiences by enchance the
Criminology challenges
they instruction in the
Students in criminology
finishing their experience in
finishing their department
degree
-Factors that degree
affect the -Assessment
acquisition of of the
knowledge, respondents
skills and values of the factors
in criminology that affect the
department acquisition of
-Suggestion knowledge,
offered to skills and
improve the values in the
instruction in criminology
criminology department

FIGURE I
Paradigm of the Study

Figure 1

Assumption of the study

The researchers cited the following assumptions:

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1. The respondents will provide their most honest answer in the

questionnaire.

2. The criminology students possessed the right attitude and skills to

fulfill their requirements in finishing the degree.

3. The administration is supportive enough to provide the best and

effective student services.

Scope and Delimitation of study

This research focused on the areas of challenge experienced by

criminology students in fulfilling their degree at Agoncillo College Inc. in

Agoncillo, Batangas during School Year 2016-2017. It utilized eight

criminology students from Third and Fourth year level as respondents and

the questionnaire as the data-gathering instrument.

Significance of study

This research will be beneficial to the following people:

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Criminology Students, they will be aware of the rules and

regulation of the school and the policies of their department;

Academic Personnel, the results of this inquiry would enable the

professor to know their strengths and weaknesses;

Researchers, as graduating students, the researchers in the course

of the study would gain insight and thereby pursue their degree despite

the challenges that arise.

Future Researchers, this research will be of help to them as

guidance to the areas of challenges that they should have also to

overcome.

Definition of Terms

For a better and clearer understanding of this study, the following

terms were conceptually and operationally defined:

Academic Staff. This includes personnel whose primary

assignment is instruction, research, or public service.

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Academic Subject. This refers to the major subjects which the

students must have to finish in fulfilling a degree in criminology.

Areas of Challenges. These are the four areas where the students

experiences challenges in criminology department.

Criminalistics. This refers to scientific test or techniques used in

connection with the detection of crime forensics.

Correctional Administration. It is a program that prepares

individuals to plan and manage institutional facilities and programs for

housing and rehabilitating prisoners in the public and/or private sectors.

Criminal Jurisprudence. It is a fundamental study of criminal

law.

Crime Detection and Investigation. It deals with the study of

specific crimes and the application of the fundamental tools of

investigative works.

On-the-JobTraining. It deals with utilizing the students to enhance

their skills in different aspects and nature of law enforcement works.

Tools and Equipment. It deals with the different scientific aid in

the solution of criminal problems.

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Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Related Literature

Foreign

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According to Jerome Hall, 1933 the central problem in criminology

is that of the causes of crime; accordingly the significance of

criminological knowledge depends upon the ability of this knowledge to

solve the etiological problem.

In this study criminology students should be aware and flexible in

investigation to avoid bias situation, also must know the rules and

regulation.

Say Professors Michael and Adler: “The body of knowledge called

criminology does not contain a single scientific proposition.” Many

students would classify this field of study as interesting and not difficult at

all. The course includes several intriguing subjects such as forensic,

criminal psychology, human behavior and crisis management, criminal

investigation, accidents investigation, arson, crime organizations, drugs,

criminal procedures, defense tactics and more. Even the 2-phased

practicum is highly anticipated by the graduating students due to its

social relevance.

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Most foreign students undergo a similar experience their arrival in a

new country, although may react differentially to it. The foreign student

among strangers with strange ideas, unpredictable new ways of judging

him. His self-image is as stake, and may be subject to drastic revision at

the hand of his new associates. This is perhaps true of any marked change

revue, where the assignment of status by new scribes is highly important.

It would not be as true. The foreign has a special kind of adjustment to

make. He must handle the introduction of a new or newly important,

criterion of status, that of nationality.

For most students, who have lived in one country all their lives,

nationality is not one of the criteria with which day are judged by relevant

fellow countryman nor that is usually play an important role in the

formation of their self-esteem picture. There maybe sort of generalized

ethnocentrism, particularly in those countries where there is heightened

political or economic awareness of national status position.

While homogeneous social elites filled European academics, West

point required cadets of diverse backgrounds and used discipline to mold

them into a unified cadet corps. In 1906, echoing social Darwinism and G.

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Stanley influential work, a West Point instructor argued that at the period

of adolescence, when character is plastic and impulse wayward, control

and constraint are the essential forces for impressing permanent form

upon young manhood. To this late Victorian pedagogy, West Point added

its own particular innovation a cadet tradition of harsh initiation called

hazing. A future general who entered in 1913 recalled that he was

immediately plunged into the ordeal which faces every plebe the six weeks

of rigorous mental, physical and spiritual testing known as beast barracks.

By the 1920s, West Point had developed a distinctive curriculum that tried

to discipline by drill, toughen with sport, test by hazing, educate by daily

recitation, and refine with drama, debating, and dancing. By adapting this

system, the PMA would attempt, through isolation and indoctrination, to

server the primary ties of loyalty bound up Filipino society and socialize

cadets values that would make them servants of state power.

Galiber (2006) and darling (2005),used GPA to measure the student

performance because the main focus in the student performance for the

particular semester. Some other researchers used test results or previous

year result since they are studying performance for the specific subject or

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year (Hijazi and Naqvi, 2006 and Hake,1998.)Many researchers have

discussed the different factors that affect the student academic

performance in their research. There are two types of factors that affect

the students’ academic performance. These are internal and external

classroom factors and these strongly affect the students’ performance.

Internal classroom factors includes students competence in English, class

students, class size, English text books, class test results, learning facilities,

homework, environment of the class, complexity of the course material,

teachers role in the class, technology used in class and exams systems.

External classroom factors include extracurricular activities, family

problems, work and financial and other problems. Research studies shows

that students’ performance depends on many factors such as learning

facilities, gender and age differences, etc. that can affect student

performance (Hanzen, Joe B., 2000). Harb and El- Shaarawi (2006) found

the most important factor with positive affect on students’ performance is

Parental Involvement.

Local Literature

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Written with Dr. Michael Aguirre Clores of the department of

Mathematics and Natural Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ateneo de

Naga University, presents case studies in the interaction between students’

understanding and belief learning the theory of evolution.

Constructivist theory argues the belief and understanding are

separate but interrelated aspects in the learning process. Results revealed

that students position about the theory of evolution and patterns of

understanding varied: (a) misconceptions or lack of understanding

affecting the belief; (b) cascade of conceptual change that was

complicated by belief; (c) rejection of the theory due to challenged

religious belief and potential to understand evolutionary theory despite

resistance to believe in the theory; (d) remaining skeptical about the

theory due to ambivalence that emanated from his conflicting theological

and scientific beliefs and misconception he held about human evolution,

and (e) prior beliefs and concepts that were commensurate to the

accepted scientific concepts and beliefs about the evolution made learning

evolution less complicated. We conclude that the Filipino students belief

affect their ability to understand the theory of evolution and vice-versa.

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The strategic nature of learning requires students to be goal directed. To

construct useful representations of knowledge and to acquire the thinking

and learning strategies necessary for continued learning success across

the life span, students must generate and pursue personally relevant goals.

Initially, students short-term goals and learning may be sketchy in an

area, but over time their understanding can be refined by filling gaps,

resolving inconsistence, and deepening their understanding of the subject

matter so that they can reach longer-term goals. Educators can assist

learners in creating meaningful learning goals that are consistent with

both personal and educational aspirations and interests. (Soledad

Esplanada 1996.)

CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES

Research Method

The descriptive research design was used in this study. It was used

because this method describe and interpret a certain object and situation.

In this study, the researchers assess the areas of challenges experienced by

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criminology students of Agoncillo College Inc. through the structured

questionnaire.

Sources of data

There are two sources of data; the primary sources was taken from

the answers to the survey questionnaire of the criminology students of ACI.

The secondary source was taken from various reference materials such as

books, journal article, station journal and online resources.

Respondents of the Study

To make the study comprehensive and valid, the researchers

included the eight Criminology students at ACI as the respondents of the

study.

Setting of the study

The study was conducted at the Agoncillo College Inc and is located

at Poblacion, Agoncillo, Batangas. In this school, the population of

students taking up Criminology course comprised of 8 students, 4 from

Fourth Year and 4 from First year.

Research Instrument

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The main data gathering tool used is the structured questionnaire

formulated by the researchers. A supplementary interview was conducted

to the OIC of Criminology at ACI to substantiate the data given by the

respondents.

Data -Gathering Procedure. The researchers were able to gather

data upon distributing questionnaire that had been approved by their

adviser. The questionnaire was administered personally to the

Criminology students of the ACI who were the main respondents of the

study. They were briefly informed about the purpose of the research which

is to know the Difficulties Experienced by Criminology Students at

Agoncillo College Incorporated.

The researchers assured the respondents that their answers will be

held in full confidentiality and will only be used for the sole purpose of the

research. The data gathered were collected, tabulated and analyze using

simple statistical tools with the help of a statistican.

Scoring and Interpretation of Data

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The items in the questionnaire were scored using the Likert Scale

with 5 options. The highest score was five (5) while the lowest score was

one (1).

A verbal description was provided for the ease of interpretation and

understanding of the gathered data.

For problems nos. 2 and 3, which pertained on the challenges

experienced by criminology students at Agoncillo College Inc., the ff. scales

were used:

Weight Interval Verbal Interpretation

5 4.5-5.00 Very Great Extent

4 3.5-4.49 Great Extent

3 2.5-3.49 Moderate Extent

2 1.5-2.49 Less Extent

1 1.0-1.49 No Extent

And for problems no. 4 which dealt on the on the level of acceptance

of the respondents on the suggestions offered of the researchers.

Weight Interval Verbal Interpretation

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5 4.5-5.00 Very Much Accepted

4 3.5-4.49 Much Accepted

3 2.5-3.49 Moderately Accepted

2 1.5-2.49 Less Accepted

1 1.0-1.49 Not Accepted

Statistical Treatment of the Data

The data were tabulated and treated using the following statistical

tools with their corresponding formulas.

A. Percentage. It was used to account for the quantitative relation

of a portion of the respondents with the total population using

the formula below.

P=

Where:

P-Percentage

F-Frequency

N-Number of respondents

100-Constant

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B. Weighted Mean- This was used to determine the extent of the

areas challenges experienced by Criminology students in fulfilling their

degree in criminology.

WM=Ʃfx
N

Where:

WM- Weighted Mean

Ʃ- Sum of

Ƒ- Frequency in each option

x- weight point of each point

Ʃf- The sum of the products of frequency and weight

N- Total number of respondents

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C. Ranking. This was employed to determine the importance of

responses with the use of frequency count, percentage and ranking of

obtained weighted mean.

CHAPTER IV

PRESNTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

1. Profile of the Respondents

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1.1 Age. Table 1 presents the distribution of Respondents according

by Age.

Table 1

Distribution of Respondents by Age

Age Frequency Percentage

18-24 years old 8 100 %
Total 8 100 %

Table 1 shows that 8 or 100 percent belong to 18-24 years old.

Majority of the respondents were ages 18-24 years old.

1.2 Sex. The distribution of respondents by sex is presented by table

2.

Table 2.
Distribution of Respondents According to Gender

Gender Frequency Percentage

Male 7 80 %
Female 1 20 %
Total 8 100 %

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This table presented that were 7 or 80 percent are male and 1 or 20

percent is female.

1.1 Year level. Table 3 manifest the distribution of respondents

by year level.

Table 3
Distribution of Respondents According to Year level

Year level Frequency Percentage

Fourth year 4 50 %
Third year 4 50 %
Total 8 100 %
This table revealed that there was an equal number of respondents

of third and fourth year level strudents.

2. Challenges experienced by Criminology students in their course

to finish their degree. Table 4 presents the extent of challenges

experienced by the criminology students in terms of academic subjects.

Table 4
ACADEMIC SUBJECTS

Academic Subjects WM VI Rank

1. Major 1
4.10 GE 3
Criminalistics
2. Major 2
4.40 GE 2
Correctional
3. Major 3
4.75 VGE 1
Criminal Jurisprudence and procedure

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4. Major 4
4.05 GE 4
Crime Detection and Investigation
Average Weighted Mean 4.33

VGE- Very Great Extent GE- Great Extent

This table above manifested that the criminology students

experienced challenges to a great extent as evinced by the average

weighted mean of 4.33. First in the rank was the criminal jurisprudence

and procedure with a weighted mean of 4.75. This explained that they

needed more time and focus to master criminal law books 1 and 2, and

criminal evidence and course testimony.

Moreover, the second in the rank was correctional administration

with a computed mean of 4.40 and was at a great extent. Students should

be given inputs lecture, drills and the like regarding prison administration,

duties and responsibilities and its rules and regulation.

Third in the rank was criminalistics with a weighted mean of 4.10

and was at a great extent. They were challenged about the nature and

background of forensic ballistic, forensic chemistry and polygraphy (lie

detection).

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Lastly, the fourth in the rank was crime detection and investigation

with a weighted mean of 4.05. Students were challenge to a great extent

about police patrol operation, criminal investigation and special crime

investigation.

As a whole , the major challenge faced by the students in terms of

academic subjects was the criminal jurisprudence and procedure. This

implied that the faculty and staff should provide the necessary knowledge,

skills and training foe future police to master the legal issues and matter

of criminal justice system.

2.2 Tools and Equipment. Table 5 presents the challenges experienced

by criminology students in terms of tools and equipment.

Table 5
Challenges in Tools and Equipment

Availability of tools and equipment WM VI Rank

1. Fire arms and Ammunition 4.58 GE 2
2. Microscope, Fingerprint Kits 4.20 GE 4
3.Camera, Police Cordon 4.08 VGE 5
4. Photo Enlarger, Fingerprint Solution 4.30 GE 3
5. Firing Range, Computer Room and Science 4.82 VGE 1
Laboratory
Average Weighted Mean 4.40 GE

VGE- Very Great Extent GE- Great Extent

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The average weighted mean of 4.40 indicated that the students

experienced the challenges to a great extent in terms of the availability of

tools and equipment. The first in the rank was the firing range, computer

room and science laboratory with a weighted mean of 4.82 and was

experienced to very great extent. This divulged that the physical facilities

and equipment were very much necessary in the application of them and

concepts from lectures and discussion.

Further, the second was the availability of firearms and ammunition

with a weighted mean of 4.58. The third was the availability of photo

enlarger and fingerprint solution with 4.30 weighted mean.

However, the last in the rank was the camera and police cordon with

4.08 weighted mean. This was experienced by the students to a great

extent which revealed that they needed to used there tools to familiarize

themselves that the purpose and usage of these tools.

2.3 Academic Staff. Table 6 manifests the extent of challenges experience

by criminology students in terms of academic staff.

Table 6
Challenges in Academic Staff

Challenges in Academic Staff WM VI Rank

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1. Educational Qualification 4.92 VGE 1

2. Seminar Training Attended 4.61 VGE 3
3.Time and Schedule of the Faculty 4.24 GE 4
4. Skills and Competences 4.03 GE 5
5. Hard work, Dedication and Commitment 4.78 VGE 2
Average Weighted Mean 4.52 VGE

VGE- Very Great Extent GE- Great Extent

It was revealed that challenges in terms of academic staff was

experienced by the students to a very great extent. The educational

qualification of staff ranked first as it gathered a weighted mean of 4.92.

This implied to that students also would want their field. Second in in the

rank was hard work dedication and commitment exerted by the

instruction, third was the seminar and trainings attended with 4.78 and

4.61 respectively.

The last in the rank as assessed by the students was skills and

competencies manifested by their instruction in teaching them academic

and major subjects with a weighted mean of 4.03. This result further

revealed that instructions should have the necessary and enough skills and

competence in teaching the subject areas.

Conclusively, the challenges when it comes to academic staff was

experienced by the teacher to a very great extent.

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2.4 On-the-Job Training. The extent of challenges experienced by

criminology students in terms of on-the-job training is reflected in table 7.

The criminology students experienced the challenges in terms of on-

the-job training to a great extent with a weighted mean of 4.35. Rank one

was the quality and quantity of activities, and skills acquired in the

training area with weighted mean of 4.89 and was experienced by them to

a very great extent. This denoted the fat that the internship was vital is the

application of the knowledge acquired in the classroom.

Rank last was the location and distance of the training area with a

weighted mean of 3.88. This divulged that the site field affected the

productivity of the trainees to a great extent.

Table 7
Challenges is On-the-Job-Training

Challenges in on-the-job-training WM VI Rank

1. The quality and quantity of activities, skills
4.89 VGE 1
acquired in training area
2. The accommodation given by the training
4.66 VGE 3
officer and staff in the training area
3.The location and distance of the training area 3.88 GE 5
4. The support of the school administration 4.11 GE 4
5. The personnel attitude, the trainee to stress
4.23 VGE 3
and pressure management
Average Weighted Mean 4.35 VGE

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VGE- Very Great Extent GE- Great Extent

Rank last was the location and distance of the training area with a

weighted mean of 3.88. This divulged that the site field affected the

productivity of the trainees to a great extent.

Summary of the Challenges Experienced by the Criminology

Students. Table 8 denotes the summary of the challenges experienced by

the criminology students.

Table 8
Summary of the Challenges Experienced
by the Criminology students
Areas of Challenges WM VI Rank
1. Academic subjects 4.33 GE 4
2. Tools and equipment 4.40 GE 2
3.Academic staff 4.52 VGE 1
4. On-the-job training 4.35 GE 3
Over- All Average Weighted Mean 4.40 GE

VGE- Very Great Extent GE- Great Extent

The table disclosed that the academic staff was the first challenges

experienced by the students is finishing their degree with an average

weighted mean of 4.52 and was at a very great extent. The second was the

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tools and equipment, the third was the on-the-job training with 4.40 and

4.35 weighted mean respectively.

The last in the rank was the academic subjects with 4.33 weighted

mean and was experienced to a great extent.

As a whole, the over-all weighted mean of 4.40 disclosed that the

students experienced the challenges to a great extent.

3. Factors that affect the acquisition of knowledge, skills and values

of students in the criminology department. The factors that affected

the acquisition of Knowledge, skills and values were presented in table 9.

Table 9
Factors that Affect the Acquisition Of
Knowledge, Skills and Values
Factors that Affect the Acquisition of (KSV) WM VI Rank
1. Lack of references like books and other
4.58 VGE 1
teaching materials
2.Lack of Facilities
4.42 GE 2
e.g. laboratory and training room
3.Non-conducive room due too lack of cooling
4.04 GE 4
system
4. Time constraints
4.25 GE 3
e.g. conflict o other schedules
5. School contribution and miscelleneous fees 4.00 GE 5
6. Limited source of financial support 3.48 GE 6
7. Plenty of household chores 3.44 GE 7
8. Emotional problem 3.37 GE 8
9. Family relation 3.30 GE 9
10. Poor or slow means of transportation 3.19 GE 10

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Over- All Average Weighted Mean 3.81 GE

VGE- Very Great Extent GE- Great Extent

The respondents assessed the effects of the given factors in their ac-

quisition of knowledge, skills and values to a great extent as evidenced by

the average weighted mean of 3.81. First in the rank was the lack of read-

ing references and other print materials with a weighted mean of 4.58

with a verbal interpretation of very great extent. This made clear that the

reading and research materials were very significant to be found in the li-

brary or in the internet to improve the knowledge and skills of the stu-

dents in criminology.

Second in the rank was the lack of facilities, third was time con-

straints, fourth was non-conducive rooms due to lack of cooling systems,

fifth was the school contribution and miscellaneous fees with weighted

means of 4.42, 4.25, 4.04 and 4.00 respectively.

However, the ninth in the rank was family relations with a weighted

mean of 3.30 and the tenth in the rank was poor or slow means of

transportation. These findings explicated that the distance and location of

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the school was a hindering factor for the students to fulfill their

requirements in criminology.

4. Suggestions offered to lessen the challenges and factors

experienced by criminology students. Table 10 presented the

suggestions offered to lessen the challenges and factors experienced by

criminology students.

Table 10
Suggestions offered to lessen the challenges and factors
experienced by criminology students
Suggestions Offered WM VI Rank
1. Provide more references books and other
4.97 VMA 1.5
learning materials
2. Construct learning facilities 4.97 VMA 1.5
3. Expand classrooms and stall cooling system 4.40 MA 8
4. Fix schedules 4.92 VMA 3.5
5. Apply for scholarships 4.84 VMA 10
6. Take part-time jobs 4.92 VMA 3.5
7. Time management 4.51 VMA 7
8. Avoid social distractions 4.90 VMA 5
9.Establish a clear communication between you
4.65 VMA 6
and your family
10. Finding the right learning style for you
VMA 9
4.86
Average Weighted Mean 4.79 VMA

VMA- Very Much Accepted MA- Much Accepted

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The respondents very much accepted the suggestions offered by the

researchers as denoted by the average weighted mean of 4.79. Foremost in

the rank was providing more reference books and other materials and

constructing learning facilities with a weighted mean of 4.97 respectively

and was very much accepted by the respondents. Third was fixing

schedule and taking part-time job weighted mean of 4.92. This denoted

that respondents all agreed that the school should improve the physical

facilities of the criminology department.

The ninth in the rank was finding the right learning style for the

student with a weighted mean of 4.86 and was very much accepted by the

respondents. The last in the rank was applying for scholarships with a

weighted mean of 4.84.

Generally, the respondents all agreed that they very much accepted

the suggestions offered by the researchers as revealed by the average

weighted mean of 4.79.

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Chapter 5

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

The study endeavored to assess the challenges experienced by students

in fulfilling their requirements in criminology at Agoncillo College Inc. in

Agoncillo, Batangas during school year 2017-2018.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

1 What was the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 age;

1.2 sex; and

1.3 year level?

2 What was the extent of challenges experienced by the students in the

given areas below:

2.1 academic subjects;

2.2 tools and equipment;

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2.3 academic staff; and

2.4 on-the-job training?

3 To what extent did the given factors affect the acquisition of knowl-

edge, skills and values of the students in fulfilling their requirements

in criminology?

4 What was the level of acceptance of the respondents on the offered

suggestions of the researchers to improve the instruction in the

criminology department?

Respondents and Procedures

The study involved eight criminology students. Four of them were third

year and the other four were fourth year level students. It used the

descriptive method of research and the questionnaire as the sole data-

gathering instrument. The statistical tools utilized were frequency,

percentage, weighted mean and ranking.

Summary of Findings

1. Profile of the Respondents

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1.1 Age. Eight or 100 percent of the respondents where within

the age bracket of 18-24 years old.

1.2 Sex. There were seven or 80 percent male respondents and

one or 20 percent was female.

1.3 Year Level. There were four or 50 percent were third year

level students and another four or 50 percent were fourth year level stu-

dents.

2. Challenges Experience by Students in Fulfilling their Require-

ments in Criminology.

2.1 Academic Subjects. It came out that that the foremost in

the rank was the criminal jurisprudence and procedure with a weighted

mean of 4.75. This denoted that they needed much time, lecture and dis-

cussions to read and study criminal law books 1 and 2, and the nature and

characteristics of criminal evidence and significance of court testimonies.

However, the least in the rank was the crime detection and investigation

with a weighted mean of 4.05. The students were challenged to a great ex-

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tent about the importance of patrol operation, the scope of criminal inves-

tigation and the practices of special crime investigation.

As a whole, the major challenge that confronted in this area was

concepts, theories and practices of criminal jurisprudence and procedure

2.2 Tools and Equipment. The challenges experienced by the re-

spondents in this area were assessed to a great extent as evinced by its av-

erage weighted mean of 4.40. The first in the rank was the availability of

firing range, computer room and science laboratory with a weighted

mean of 4.82 with a verbal interpretation of very great extent. This di-

vulged that the physical facilities of the school for the criminology depart-

ment was somewhat lacking and inadequate for the use of the students

which was essential for the application of theories and concept acquired

from the lectures and discussions. Whereas, the last in the rank was the

availability of camera and police cordon with 4.08 weighted mean. This

was experienced by the respondents to a great extent which revealed that

they had no much exposure in the technicalities and uses of camera and

photography in crime investigation and prevention.

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2.3 Academic Staff. The findings denoted that the respondents

experienced the challenges in terms of academic staff to a very great ex-

tent as supported by the average weighted mean of 4.52. Topmost in the

rank was the educational qualification of the teaching staff with a

weighted mean of 4.92. This explicated that students also preferred their

instructors and mentors to be educationally qualified in their chosen field.

While, the lowermost in he rank was the skills and competencies possessed

by the instructors to teach a major subject in criminology with a 4.03

weighted mean. This had shown that the teaching staff should continue to

improve and update their expertise in order to dispense the most out of ev-

ery major subject.

2.4 On-the- Job training. The criminology students experienced

the challenges in terms of on-the-job training to a great extent with a

weighted mean of 4.35. Rank one was the quality and quantity of wok, ac-

tivities, skills acquired in the training area with a weighted mean of 4.89

and was interpreted to very great extent. This denoted that they assessed

the importance and quality of internship training in their assigned train-

ing area. Rank last was the location and site with a weighted mean of 3.88

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. This evinced that the training field affected the motivation, enthusiasm

and productivity of the trainee to a great extent.

Summary of the Challenges Experienced by the Criminology

Students. The study revealed that topmost of the challenges experienced

by the students was in terms of academic staff with the highest weighted

mean of 4.52 and was interpreted to a very great extent. The second

challenge was the availability of tools and equipment in the criminology

department and the third was the on-the-job training with average

weighted mean of 4.40 and 4.35 respectively. Lowermost in the rank was

the delivery of instruction of the academic subjects in criminology.

Generally, the over-all average weighted mean of 4.40 disclosed that

the students experienced the challenges to a great extent.

3. Factors that Affect The Acquisition of Knowledge, Skills and

Values of Students in the Criminology Department. The respondents

assessed the effects of the given factors in their acquisition of knowledge,

skills and values to a great extent as evidenced by the average weighted

mean of 3.81. First in the rank was the lack of reading references and

other print materials with a weighted mean of 4.58 with a verbal interpre-

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tation of very great extent. This made clear that the reading and research

materials were very significant to be found in the library or in the internet

to improve the knowledge and skills of the students in criminology. Second

in the rank was the lack of facilities, third was time constraints, fourth was

non-conducive rooms due to lack of cooling systems, fifth was the school

contribution and miscellaneous fees with weighted means of 4.42, 4.25,

4.04 and 4.00 respectively.

However, the ninth in the rank was family relations with a weighted

mean of 3.30 and the tenth in the rank was poor or slow means of

transportation. These findings explicated that the distance and location of

the school was a hindering factor for the students to fulfill their

requirements in criminology.

4. Suggestions offered to Lessen the Challenges and Factors ex-

perienced by Criminology Students. The study revealed that the re-

spondents very much accepted the suggestions offered by the researchers

as supported by the average weighted mean 0f 4.79. Foremost in the rank

were providing more reference books and other materials and construct-

ing learning facilities with equal weighted mean of 4.97. Third was fixing

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schedules and taking part-time jobs with a weighted mean of 4.92. This

denoted that respondents all agreed that the school should improve the

physical facilities of the criminology department. The ninth in the rank

was finding the right learning style for the students with a weighted mean

of 4.86 and was very much accepted by the respondents. The last in the

rank was applying for scholarship with a weighted mean of 4.84. Gener-

ally, the respondents all agreed that they accepted very much the the sug-

gestions offered by the researchers as revealed by the average weighted

mean of 4.79.

Conclusions

The following conclusions were drawn after the analysis of the findings

revealed in this study:

1. The respondents were within the age bracket of 18-24 years old,

males and were from third and fourth year level.

2. The criminology students experienced the challenges in fulfilling

their requirement to a great extent.

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3. The factors affected them to a great extent in acquiring the

knowledge, skills and values.

4. The suggestions offered by the researchers to lessen the challenges

and factors were very much accepted by the respondents.

Recommendations:

In light of the conclusions drawn, the researchers offered the

following recommendations:

1. The administration is encouraged to purchase the tools and equip-

ment needed in every major subject in criminology.

2. The school library should be available with different resource mate-

rials for criminal jurisprudence and procedure.

3. The academic staff are also encouraged to continue develop them-

selves personally and professionally in order to dispense the appropriate

and updated knowledge and skills in criminology.

4. There should at least be a construction of other learning facilities.

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5. The school is advised also to coordinate with different groups or or-

ganizations which could allow or permit their facilities to be used in train-

ing for basic skills in firing, photography and investigation.

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Bibliographies

1. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1018382

2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/foreign-student

3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/local-student

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CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Data:
Name: Saturnino M. Austria
Email: [email protected]
Address: Brgy. Banyaga, Agoncillo, Batangas
Date of Birth: November 29, 1998
Age: 20
Place of Birth: BrgyBanyagaAgon. Batangas
Citizenship: Filipino
Civil Status: Single
Parents: Calexto Austria
Lourdes Austria
Religion: Roman Catholic
Dialects: English, Filipino
Educational Background:
Tertiary: Agoncillo College Inc.
Poblacion, Agoncillo, Batangas
Bachelor of Science in Criminology
Present (2018-2019)

W2 Secondary: Banyaga National HIghschool

Brgy. BanyagaAgon. Batangas
(2014-2015)

Elementary: Banyaga Elem. School

Brgy. Banyaga, Agon. Batangas

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CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Data:
Name: Jerecho M. Salde
Email: [email protected]
Address: Brgy. Poblacion, Agoncillo, Batangas
Date of Birth: December 01, 1998
Age: 20
Place of Birth: Makati City
Citizenship: Filipino
Civil Status: Single
Parents: Rex L. Salde
Jennifer M. Salde
Religion: Roman Catholic
Dialects: English, Filipino
Educational Background:
Tertiary: Agoncillo College Inc.
Poblacion, Agoncillo, Batangas
Bachelor of Science in Criminology
Present (2018-2019)

W2 Secondary: San Jose National Highschool

Brgy. BagongSikat, San Jose Occ. Mindoro
(2014-2015)

Elementary: San Roque I Elem. School

Purok II-A San Jose Occ. Mindoro

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CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Data:
Name: Jerome M. Tuazon
Email: [email protected]
Address: Brgy. Subic Ilaya, Agoncillo, Batangas
Date of Birth: December 07, 1997
Age: 21
Place of Birth: Batangas
Citizenship: Filipino
Civil Status: Single
Parents: Tito L. Tuazon
Julie M. Tuazon
Religion: Roman Catholic
Dialects: English, Filipino
Educational Background:
Tertiary: Agoncillo College Inc.
Poblacion, Agoncillo, Batangas
Bachelor of Science in Criminology
Present (2018-2019)

W2 Secondary: Agoncillo, National Highschool

Brgy. Subic IlayaAgon. Batangas
(2013-2014)

Elementary: Subic Elem. School

Brgy Subic Ibaba, Agon. Batangas
Agoncillo College Incorporated
PoblacionAgoncilloBatangas

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November_____,2018

Dear Ma’am/Sir:

Greetings from the good name of the Lord!

The undersigned are criminology students of Agoncillo College Inc. who are
presently conducting a study entitled, “Difficulties experienced by Criminology
students at Agoncillo College Incorporated” as part of the requirements for
bachelor Degree in Criminology.

In view of this, we would like to ask your assistance to help us by providing

responses to our questionnaire.
Rest assured that your responses will be kept confidential

Thank you very much and more power.

Respectfully,
SATURNINO M. AUSTRIA
JERECHO M. SALDE
JEROME M. TUAZON
Researchers

Recommending approval

REIMAR A. CORNEJO, M.A.Ed.

Thesis Adviser

GREGORIA C. CABILES, Ed. D.

Dean of Colleges

QUESTIONAIRE

Direction: Please put a check in line where your profile fits:

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1. Demographic Profile of the Respondent.

1.1 Age
_____25-30 years old
_____18-24 years old

1.2 Sex
_____male
_____female

1.3 Year level

_____fourth year
_____third year
_____second year
_____first year

2.Challenges experienced by Criminology students in their course

to finish their degree. Table 4 presents the extent of challenges

experienced by the criminology students in terms of academic subjects.

Table 4
Learning Activities

WEIGHT VERBAL INTERPRETATION SYMBOL

5 Very Great Extent VGE

4 Great Extent GE

3 Moderate Extent ME

2 Less Extent LE

1 No Extent NE

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Academic Subjects 5 4 3 2 1
1. Major 1
Criminalistics
2. Major 2
Correctional
3. Major 3
Criminal Jurisprudence and procedure
4. Major 4
Crime Detection and Investigation

2.2 Tools and Equipment. Table 5 presents the challenges experienced

by criminology students in terms of tools and equipment.

Table 5
Challenges in Tools and Equipment

WEIGHT VERBAL INTERPRETATION SYMBOL

5 Very Great Extent VGE

4 Great Extent GE

3 Moderate Extent ME

2 Less Extent LE

1 No Extent NE

Availability of tools and equipment 5 4 3 2 1

1. Fire arms and Ammunition
2. Microscope, Fingerprint Kits

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3.Camera, Police Cordon

4. Photo Enlarger, Fingerprint Solution
5. Firing Range, Computer Room and
Science Laboratory

2.3 Academic Staff. Table 6 manifests the extent of challenges experience

by criminology students in terms of academic staff.

Table 6
Challenges in Academic Staff

Challenges in Academic Staff 5 4 3 2 1

1. Educational Qualification
2. Seminar Training Attended
3.Time and Schedule of the Faculty
4. Skills and Competences
5. Hard work, Dedication and Commitment

2.4 On-the-Job Training. The extent of challenges experienced by

criminology students is affected is table 7.

Table 7
Challenges is on-the-job-training

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Challenges is on-the-job-training 5 4 3 2 1
1. The quality and quantity of activities, skills
acquired in training area
2. The accommodation given by the training
officer and staff in the training area
3.The location and distance of the training area
4. The support of the school administration
5. The personnel attitude, the trainee to stress
and pressure management

3. Factors that affect the acquisition of knowledge, skills and values

of students in the criminology department. The factors that affected

the acquisition of Knowledge, skills and values were presented in table 9.

Table 8
Factors that Affect the Acquisition Of
Knowledge, Skills and Values
Factors that Affect the Acquisition of 2 1
(KSV) 5 4 3
1. Lack of references like books and other
teaching materials
2.Lack of Facilities
e.g. laboratory and training room
3.Non-conducive room due too lack of cooling
system
4. Time constraints
e.g. conflict o other schedules
5. School contribution and miscelleneous fees
6. Limited source of financial support
7. Plenty of household chores
8. Emotional problem
9. Family relation

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10. Poor or slow means of transportation

5. Suggestions offered to lessen the challenges and factors

experienced by criminology students. Table 10 presented the

suggestions offered to lessen the challenges and factors experienced by

criminology students.

Weight Interval Verbal Interpretation SYMBOL

5 Very Much Accepted VMA

4 Much Accepted MA

3 Moderately Accepted MA

2 Less Accepted LA

1 Not Accepted NA

Table 9
Suggestions offered to lessen the challenges and factors
experienced by criminology students
Suggestions Offered 5 4 3 2 1
1. Provide more references books and other
learning materials
2. Construct learning facilities
3. Expand classrooms and stall cooling
system
4. Fix schedules

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5. Apply for scholarships

6. Take part-time jobs
7. Time management
8. Avoid social distractions
9.Establish a clear communication between
you and your family
10. Finding the right learning style for you

Thank you for your cooperation!

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