DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL RUBY PARK
Project file
NAME : PRASAKHA GANGULY
CLASS : 12K
ROLL NO : 28
SUBJECT: PHYSICS
TOPIC : determination of REFRACTIVE IDICES
OF DIFFERENT LIQUIDS USING A HOLLOW PRISM
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Prasakha Ganguly is a Bonafide
student of class XII-K and has successfully completed the
project titiled “determination of REFRACTIVE
IDICES OF DIFFERENT LIQUIDS USING A HOLLOW
PRISM” in the Physics Lab during the year 2024 for the
AISSCE Chemistry Practical Examination 2025.
_____________
Internal Examiner
______________
External Examiner
Dated: ______________
Seal: _______________
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of any task would be incomplete
without mentioning the names of those persons who helped to
make it possible. I take this opportunity to express my gratitude
in few words and respect to all those who helped me in the
completion of this project.
It is my humble pleasure to acknowledge my deep senses of
gratitude to my Physics teacher, for his valuable support,
constant help and guidance at each and every stage, without
which this project would not have come forth.
I also register my sense of gratitude to our Principal for her
immense encouragement that has made this project successful.
I would also like to thank my friends and family for encouraging
me during the course of this project.
Last, but not the least, I would like to thank CBSE for giving us
the opportunity to undertake this project.
Project Overview
Aim
Apparatus Required
Theory
Procedure
Observations
Conclusions
Precautions
Bibliography
Aim
To find out the refractive indices of different liquids using a
hollow prism
Apparatus Required
• Hollow glass prism
• Various liquids like water, carbon disulphide, benzaldehyde
etc.
• Bell pins
• Drawing board
Theory
A prism is a
transparent
optical element
with flat,
polished
surfaces that
refract light.
Prisms can be
made from any
material that is
transparent including glass, plastic and fluorite. A prism can be
used to break light up into its constituent spectral colors. Prisms
can also be used to reflect light, or to split light into components
with different polarizations.
The refractive index of the liquid
Is given by the formula:
U=sini/sinr=sin((a+d)/2)/sin(a/2)
Where,
U=refractive index of the liquid.
a= the angle of minimum deviation
d=angle of prism
i=angle of incidence
r=angle of refraction
Procedure
• Fix a white sheet of paper on the drawing board with help
of drawing pins.
• Keep the prism and mark the outline of it as ABC.
• Drop a normal PQ on the side AB.
• Draw the angle of incidence in accordance with the normal
PQ and place 2 pins so that they appear to be in the straight
line.
• Place the prism filled with given sample of liquid ,on the
marked outline ABC.
• Now take the pins and place them on the side AC so that all
the 4 pins appear to be in same line.
• Remove the prism and draw the line joining the points so
obtained.
• Mark the diagram as shown in the figure.
• Repeat this with different liquids and different angle of
incidence.
Observation
• Benzaldehyde
S.no a º(angle of prism) i º (angle of incidence) d º (angle of deviation)
1 60 30 45
2 60 35 42
3 60 37.5 40
4 60 39 42
5 60 40 45
U=sin((60+40)/2)/sin(30)
= 1.504
• Water
S.no a º(angle of prism) i º (angle of incidence) d º (angle of deviation)
1 60 30 25
2 60 35 22
3 60 40 20
4 60 45 22
5 60 50 25
6 60 55 28
U=sin((60+22)/2)/sin(30)
= 1.306
• Dil. Sulphuric Acid
S.no a º(angle of prism) i º (angle of incidence) d º (angle of deviation)
1 60 20 33
2 60 30 30
3 60 35 25
4 60 40 29
5 60 45 30
U=sin((60+25)/2)/sin(30)
= 1.351
Conclusion
Refractive indices at room temperature:
• Benzaldehyde
o Actual: 1.546
o Experimental: 1.504
o
• Water
o Actual: 1.33
o Experimental: 1.306
o
• Dil . Sulphuric acid
o Actual: 1.355
o Experimental: 1.351
Precautions
• Angle of incidence should lie b/w 35-60 degree.
• Pins should be vertically fixed and should lie in same line.
• Distance b/w two points should not be less than 10mm.
• Same angle of prism should be used for all observation.
• Arrow head should be marked to represent emergent and
incident ray.
