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Introduction to basic Networking Terminology

The document provides an introduction to basic networking terminology, defining key concepts such as networks, nodes, protocols, and various types of networks like LAN and WAN. It emphasizes the importance of understanding these terms for building a foundation in computer networking and outlines basic protocols and reference models used in networking. Additionally, it explains the roles of hosts in a network as clients, servers, or peers.

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33 views

Introduction to basic Networking Terminology

The document provides an introduction to basic networking terminology, defining key concepts such as networks, nodes, protocols, and various types of networks like LAN and WAN. It emphasizes the importance of understanding these terms for building a foundation in computer networking and outlines basic protocols and reference models used in networking. Additionally, it explains the roles of hosts in a network as clients, servers, or peers.

Uploaded by

bharathi.jothi77
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to basic Networking Terminology



For a specific purpose if things are connected together, are referred


to as a NETWORK. A network can be of many types, like a
telephone network, television network, computer network, or even a
people network.
Similarly, a COMPUTER NETWORK is also a kind of setup, where it
connects two or more devices to share a range of services and
information in the form of e-mails and
messages, databases, documents, websites, audios and
videos, telephone calls, and video conferences, etc. among
them.
A PROTOCOL is nothing but a set of defined rules, which has to be
followed by every connected device across a network to
communicate and share information among them. To facilitates End
to End communication, a number of protocols worked together to
form Protocol Suites or Stacks.

Networking terminology can be confusing, especially


for those who are new to computer networking. Here
are some basic terms and their definitions to help you
understand the fundamentals of networking:

Network: A collection of interconnected devices, such as


computers, printers, and servers, that can communicate with each
other.
Node: Any device connected to a network, such as a computer,
printer, or router.
Protocol: A set of rules and standards that define how devices on a
network communicate with each other.
IP Address: A unique numerical identifier assigned to each device
on a network, used to identify and communicate with other devices.
Router: A networking device that connects multiple networks
together and forwards data packets between them.
Switch: A networking device that connects devices on a network
and forwards data packets between them.
Firewall: A security device or software that monitors and controls
incoming and outgoing network traffic, based on a set of predefined
security rules.
DNS (Domain Name System): A system that translates domain
names (such as www.example.com) into IP addresses, allowing
devices to locate and connect to websites and other network
resources.
LAN (Local Area Network): A network that connects devices
within a limited geographical area, such as a home, office, or
building.
WAN (Wide Area Network): A network that connects devices over
a large geographical area, such as multiple offices in different cities
or countries.
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol): A protocol that
automatically assigns IP addresses and network configuration
settings to devices on a network.
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol): A
set of protocols used to communicate over the internet and other
networks.
These are just a few basic networking terms, but understanding
them is essential to building a strong foundation in computer
networking.
Some basic Protocols are:
 IP : Internet Protocol
 FTP : File Transfer Protocol
 SMTP : Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
 HTTP : Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
The Network reference models were developed to allow products
from different manufacturers to interoperate on a network. A
network reference model serves as a blueprint, detailing standards
for how protocol communication should occur.
The most widely recognized reference models are the Open
Systems Interconnect ( OSI ) Model and Department of
Defense ( DoD, also known as TCP/IP ) model.

 LANs (Local Area Networks)


 MANs (Metropolitan Area Networks)
 WANs (Wide Area Networks)
An Internetwork is a general term describing multiple networks
connected together. The Internet is the largest and most well-known
internetwork.

 SAN (Storage Area Network): A SAN provides systems with


high-speed, lossless access to high-capacity storage devices.
 VPN (Virtual Private Network): A VPN allows for information to
be securely sent across a public or unsecured network, such as
the Internet. Common uses of a VPN are to connect branch offices
or remote users to the main office.

 A host can act as a Client when he is requesting information.


 A host can act as a Server when he provides information.
 A host can also request and provide information, which is
called Peer.

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