ENGINEERING

MECHANICS - STATICS

Deepa T
Department of Civil Engineering
ENGINEERING MECHANICS - STATICS
Course Contents

Unit I : Introduction to Statics

Unit II : Equilibrium

Unit III : Structures

Unit IV : Distributed Forces

Unit V : Friction

2
ENGINEERING MECHANICS - STATICS
Course Contents

Text Book :

"Engineering Mechanics Statics” SI Version J.L. Meriam, L.G. Kraige, J.N.

Bolton, Wiley India Edition. 8th Edition – Reprint 2018

3
ENGINEERING MECHANICS - STATICS

Introduction to Statics

Deepa T
Department of Civil Engineering
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Unit I - Contents

•Text book refered

5
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Unit I - Contents

•Introduction

thermodynamics-1.png (2000×1268) (engihub.com)

6
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Unit I - Contents

• Introduction
Issac Newton

7
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Unit I - Contents

• Introduction

Euclid Archmedes

Galileo

Bernoulli Joseph Louis Lagrange 8

 ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Unit I - Contents

• Introduction

Srinivasa Ramanujan

9
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Unit I – Introduction to Statics

• Statics is a branch of mechanics which studies the

effects and distribution of forces of rigid bodies which
are at rest.

•In this area of mechanics, the body in which forces are

acting is assumed to be rigid.

•The deformation of non-rigid bodies is treated

in Strength of Materials.

10
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Unit I - Introduction to Statics

• Basic Concepts
Space –
Space is the boundless three-dimensional extent in
which objects and events have relative position and direction.

11
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Unit I - Introduction to Statics

• Basic Concepts
Time –
Time is the indefinite continued progress of existence
and events that occur in an apparently irreversible succession
from the past, through the present, into the future.

12
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Unit I - Introduction to Statics

•Mass
The quantity of matter which a body contains, as measured
by its acceleration under a given force.

13
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Unit I - Introduction to Statics

•Force
Force is the push or pull on an object with mass that causes it
to change velocity (to accelerate).
Force represents as a vector, which means it has both
magnitude and direction.

14
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Unit I - Introduction to Statics

•A Particle
A body with negligible dimensions.

15
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Unit I - Introduction to Statics

•Rigid Body
A rigid body is a solid body in which deformation is zero or so
small it can be neglected.

The distance between any two given points on a rigid body remains
constant in time regardless of external forces exerted on it.

A rigid body is usually considered as a continuous distribution of

mass.

16
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Unit I - Introduction to Statics

17
THANK YOU

Deepa T
Department of Civil Engineering
[email protected]
ENGINEERING MECHANICS

P. Ramchandra
Department of Civil Engineering
ENGINEERING MECHANICS

Force Systems

P. Ramchandra
Department of Civil Engineering
ENGINEERING MECHANICS

Moment

P. Ramchandra
Department of Civil Engineering
ENGINEERING MECHANICS

Couple

P. Ramchandra
Department of Civil Engineering
ENGINEERING MECHANICS

Resultants

P. Ramchandra
Department of Civil Engineering
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Rectangular Components
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Force Systems
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Force Systems
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Force Systems - Numerical

2/1) The force F has a magnitude of 600 N. Express F as a vector in

terms of the unit vectors i and j. Identify the x and y scalar
components of F.
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Force Systems - Numerical
2/2) The force F has a magnitude of 7 kN and acts at the location
indicated. Express F as a vector in terms of the unit vectors i and j.
Next, determine the x and y scalar components of F.
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Force Systems - Numerical
2/3) The slope of the 6.5-kN force F is specified as shown in the
figure. Express F as a vector in terms of the unit vectors i and j.
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Force Systems - Numerical
2/4) The force F has a magnitude of 6 kN and has the indicated line of
action. Write the unit vector n associated with F and use n to
determine the x and y scalar components of F.
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Force Systems - Numerical
2/5) The control rod AP exerts a force F on the sector as shown. Determine
both the x-y and the n-t components of the force.
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Force Systems - Numerical
2/6) Two forces are applied to the construction bracket as shown. Determine
the angle which makes the resultant of the two forces vertical. Determine the
magnitude R of the resultant.
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Force Systems - Numerical
2/10) Determine the x-y and n-t components of the 65-kN force F acting on the
simply-supported beam.
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Force Systems - Numerical
2/11) The two structural members, one of which is in tension and the other in
compression, exert the indicated forces on joint O. Determine the magnitude of the
resultant R of the two forces and the angle ɵ which R makes with the positive x-axis.
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Force Systems - Numerical
2/12) The guy cables AB and AC are attached to the top of the transmission tower.
The tension in cable AB is 8 kN. Determine the required tension T in cable AC such
that the net effect of the two cable tensions is a downward force at point A.
Determine the magnitude R of this downward force.
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Force Systems - Numerical
2/15)A compressive force F is transmitted via the coupler arm AB to disk OA.
Develop the general expression for the n-and t-components of F as they act on the
disk. Evaluate your expression for (a) F= 500 N, ɵ = 600 and ɸ = 200
(b) F= 800 N, ɵ = 450 and ɸ = 1500
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Force Systems - Numerical
2/18) Determine the x- and y-components of the tension T which is applied to point
A of the bar OA. Neglect the effects of the small pulley at B. Assume that r and ɵ
known.
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Force Systems - Numerical
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Force Systems - Numerical
2/20)Determine the magnitude Fs of the tensile spring force in order that the
resultant of Fs and F is a vertical force. Determine the magnitude R of this vertical
resultant force.
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Force Systems - Numerical
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Force Systems - Numerical
2/17) The two forces shown act in the X-Y plane of the T-beam cross section. If it is
known that the resultant R of the two forces has a magnitude of 3.5 kN and a line of
action that lies 15° above the negative x-axis, determine the magnitude of F1 and
the inclination θ of F2
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Force Systems - Numerical
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Force Systems - Numerical
2/21) Determine the resultant R of the two forces applied to the bracket. Write R in
terms of unit vectors along the x- and y-axes shown.
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Projections

The force R in Fig.a may be The relationship between a force

replaced by, or resolved into, two and its vector components along
vector components F1 and F2 with given axes must not be confused
the specified directions by with the relationship between a
completing the parallelogram as force and its perpendicular*
shown to obtain the magnitudes of projections onto the same axes.
F1 and F2.
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Projections

Figure e shows the perpendicular Figure e shows that the components of a vector
projections Fa and Fb of the given are not necessarily equal to the projections of the
force R onto axes a and b, which are vector onto the same axes. Furthermore, the
parallel to the vector components vector sum of the projections Fa and Fb is not the
F1 and F2 of Fig.a. vector R, because the parallelogram law of vector
addition must be used to form the sum.

The components and projections of R are equal only when the axes a and b are perpendicular.
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Projections - Numerical
2/23) Determine the scalar components Ra and Rb of the force R along the
nonrectangular axes a and b. Also determine the orthogonal projection Pa of R onto
axis a.
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Projections - Numerical
2/24) Determine the components Fa and Fb of the 4-kN force along the oblique axes
a and b. Determine the projections Pa and Pb of F onto the a- and b-axes.
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Force Systems - Numerical
2/26) It is desired to remove the spike from the timber by applying force along its
horizontal axis. An obstruction A prevents direct access, so that two forces, one
1.6 kN and the other P, are applied by cables as shown. Compute the magnitude
of P necessary to ensure a resultant T directed along the spike. Also find T.
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Force Systems - Numerical
2/27) At what angle θ must the 800-N force be applied in order that the resultant
R of the two forces have a magnitude of 2000 N? For this condition, determine
the angle β between R and the vertical.
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Force Systems - Numerical
2/30) The unstretched length of the spring is r. When pin P is in an arbitrary
position θ, determine the x- and y-components of the force which the spring
exerts on the pin. Evaluate your general expressions for r = 400 mm, k =1.4 kN/m,
and θ = 40. (Note: The force in a spring is given by F = kδ, where δ is the extension
from the unstretched length.)
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Moment
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Cross Product

Where r is a position vector which runs from the moment

reference point A to any point on the line of action of F.
The magnitude of this expression is given by*
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Varignon’s Theorem
Varignon's theorem, which states that the moment of a force about any point is
equal to the sum of the moments of the components of the force about the same
point.

Moment of R about 0 equals the sum of the moments about 0 of its

components P and Q. This proves the theorem.
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Moment - Numerical
2/31) Determine the moments of the 5-kN force about point 0 and about point B.
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Moment - Numerical
2/33) The rectangular plate is made up of 0.3-m squares as shown. A 150-N force
is applied at point A in the direction shown. Calculate the moment of the force
about point B by at least two different methods.
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Moment - Numerical
2/34) Calculate the moment of the 250-N force on the handle of the monkey
wrench about the center of the bolt.
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Moment - Numerical
2/35) An experimental device imparts a force of magnitude F = 225 N to the front
edge of the rim at A to simulate the effect of a slam dunk. Determine the moments
of the force F about point 0 and about point E. Finally, locate, from the base at 0, a
point C on the ground where the force imparts zero moment.
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Couple

Equivalent Couples
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Couple

Force Couple System

 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Moment - Numerical
2/36) A force F of magnitude 60 N is applied to the gear. Determine the moment of F
about point 0.
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Moment - Numerical
2/38) An overhead view of a door is shown. If the compressive force F acting in the
coupler arm of the hydraulic door closer is 75 N with the orientation shown,
determine the moment of this force about the hinge axis o.
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Moment - Numerical
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Moment - Numerical
2/41) A 150-N pull T is applied to a cord, which is wound securely around the inner
hub of the drum. Determine the moment of T about the drum center C. At what
angle θ should T be applied so that the moment about the contact point P is zero?
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Moment - Numerical
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Moment - Numerical
2/43) Determine the general expressions for the moments of F about (a) point B and
(b) point 0. Evaluate your expressions for F = 750 N, R = 2.4 m, θ= 30°, and ϕ = 15°.
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Moment - Numerical
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Moment - Numerical
2/46) In raising the pole from the position shown, the tension T in the cable must
supply a moment about 0 of 72 kN· m . Determine T.
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Moment - Numerical
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Moment - Numerical
2/48) A gate is held in the position shown by cable AB. If the tension in the cable is
6.75 kN, determine the moment M0 of the tension (as applied to point A) about
the pivot point 0 of the gate.
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Moment - Numerical
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Moment - Numerical
2/49) In order to raise the flagpole OC, a light frame OAB is attached to the pole
and a tension of 3.2 kN is developed in the hoisting cable by the power winch D.
Calculate the moment M0 of this tension about the hinge point 0.
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Moment - Numerical
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Moment - Numerical
2/50) Elements of the lower arm are shown in the figure. The mass of the forearm
is 2.3 kg with center of mass at G. Determine the combined moment about the
elbow pivot 0 of the weights of the forearm and the sphere. What must the biceps
tension force be so that the overall moment about 0 is zero?
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Moment - Numerical
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Moment - Numerical
2/51) As the result of a wind blowing normal to the plane of the rectangular sign, a
uniform pressure of 175 N/m2 is exerted in the direction shown in the figure.
Determine the moment of the resulting force about point 0. Express your result as
a vector using the coordinates shown.
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Moment - Numerical
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Moment - Numerical
2/53) The small crane is mounted along the side of a pickup bed and facilitates the
handling of heavy loads. When the boom elevation angle is θ = 40°, the force in the
hydraulic cylinder BC is 4.5 k.N, and this force applied at point C is in the direction
from B to C (the cylinder is in compression). Determine the moment of this 4.5-kN
force about the boom pivot point 0.
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Couple – Numerical from 7th Edition
2/59) Compute the combined moment of the two 400 N forces about (a) point O and
(b) point A.
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Couple - Numerical
2/59) The caster unit is subjected to the pair of 400-N forces shown. Determine the
moment associated with these forces.
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Couple – Numerical from 7th Edition
2/61) Replace the force–couple system at point O by a single force. Specify the
coordinate ya of the point on the y-axis through which the line of action of this
resultant force passes.
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Couple - Numerical
2/61) The indicated force-couple system is applied to a small shaft at the center of
the plate. Replace this system by a single force and specify the coordinate of the
point on the x-axis through which the line of action of this resultant force passes.
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Couple - Numerical
2/63) As part of a test, the two aircraft engines are revved up and the propeller
pitches are adjusted so as to result in the fore and aft thrusts shown. What force F
must be exerted by the ground on each of the main braked wheels at A and B to
counteract the turning effect of the two propeller thrusts? Neglect any effects of the
nose wheel C, which is turned 90° and unbraked.
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Couple - Numerical
2/64) The cantilevered W530 X 150 beam shown is subjected to an 8-kN force F
applied by means of a welded plate at A. Determine the equivalent force couple
system at the centroid of the beam cross section at the cantilever 0.
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Couple - Numerical
2/67) A lug wrench is used to tighten a square-head bolt. If 250-N forces are applied
to the wrench as shown, determine the magnitude F of the equal forces exerted on
the four contact points on the 25-mm bolt head so that their external effect on the
bolt is equivalent to that of the two 250-N forces. Assume that the forces are
perpendicular to the flats of the bolt head.
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Couple - Numerical
2/69) A force F of magnitude 50 N is exerted on the automobile parking-brake lever
at the position x = 250 mm. Replace the force by an equivalent force-couple system
at the pivot point 0.
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Couple - Numerical
2/71) The tie-rod AB exerts the 250-N force o n the steer ing knuckle AO as shown.
Replace this force by an equivalent force-couple system at 0.
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Couple - Numerical
2/74) The force F is applied to the leg-extension exercise machine as shown.
Determine the equivalent force couple system at point 0. Use values of F = 520 N, b
= 450 mm, h = 2 15 mm, r = 325 mm, θ = 15°, and ɸ = 100
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Couple - Numerical
2/76) The device shown is a part of an automobile seatback- release mechanism.
The part is subjected to the 4-N force exerted at A and a 300-N · mm restoring
moment exerted by a hidden torsional spring. Determine the y-intercept of the line
of action of the single equivalent force.
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Moment - Numerical
2/56 The mechanism shown is used to lower disabled persons into a whirlpool tub for therapeutic
treatment. In the unloaded configuration, the weight of the boom and hanging chair induces a
compressive force of 575 N in hydraulic cylinder AB . (Compressive means that the force which
cylinder AB exerts on point B is directed from A toward B.) If θ = 30°, determine the moment of this
cylinder force acting on pin B about (a) point 0 and (b) point C.
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Moment - Numerical
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Resultants - Numerical
2/79) Determine the resultant R of the three tension forces acting on the eye bolt.
Find the magnitude of R and the angle θ which R makes with the positive x-axis.
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Resultants - Numerical
2/80) Determine the force magnitude F and direction θ (measured clockwise from
the positive y-axis) that will cause the resultant R of the four applied forces to be
directed to the right with a magnitude of 9 kN.
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Resultants - Numerical
2/86) If the resultant of the loads shown passes through point B, determine the
equivalent force-couple system at 0.
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Resultants - Numerical
2/88) If the resultant of the forces shown passes through point A, determine the
magnitude of the unknown tension T2 which acts on the braked pulley.
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Resultants - Numerical
2/93) A commercial airliner with four jet engines, each producing 90 kN of forward
thrust, is in a steady, level cruise when engine number 3 suddenly fails. Determine
and locate the resultant of the three remaining engine thrust vectors. Treat this as a
two dimensional problem.
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Resultants - Numerical
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Resultants - Numerical
2/94) Determine the x- and y-axis intercepts of the line of action of the resultant of
the three loads applied to the gearset.
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Resultants - Numerical
2/96) Determine the resultant R of the three forces acting on the simple truss.
Specify the points on the x- and y-axes through which R must pass.
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Resultants - Numerical
2/99) As part of a design test, the camshaft-drive sprocket is fixed, and then the two
forces shown are applied to a length of belt wrapped around the sprocket. Find the
resultant of this system of two forces and determine where its line of action
intersects both the x and y axes.
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Resultants - Numerical
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Resultants - Numerical
2/73) An overhead view of the handlebars on an allterrain vehicle is shown. If the
indicated forces have a magnitude of F = 150 N, determine the moment created by
the two forces about the vertical steering axis through point 0. Both n-axes are
perpendicular to the left handlebar. Treat the problem as two dimensional.
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Resultants - Numerical
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Resultants - Numerical
2/75) The system consisting of the bar OA, two identical pulleys, and a section of
thin tape is subjected to the two 180-N tensile forces shown in the figure. Determine
the equivalent force-couple system at point 0.
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Resultants - Numerical
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Resultants - Numerical
2/68) The force F is applied at the end of arm ACD, which is mounted to a vertical
post. Replace this single force F by an equivalent force-couple system at B. Next,
redistribute this force and couple by replacing it with two forces acting in the same
direction as F, one at C and the other at D, and determine the forces supported by
the two hex-bolts. Use values of F = 425 N, θ = 300, b = 1 .9 m, d = 0.2 m, h = 0.8 m,
and l = 2.75 m.
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Resultants - Numerical
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Resultants - Numerical
THANK YOU

P. Ramchandra
Department of Civil Engineering
[email protected]
+91 9845347257 Extn 736
ENGINEERING
MECHANICS – STATICS

Deepa T
Department of Civil Engineering
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Unit I - Contents

•Text book refered

2
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Unit I - Introduction to Statics

Vectors

3
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Unit I - Introduction to Statics

4
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Unit I - Introduction to Statics

5
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Unit I - Introduction to Statics

Newton’s Law
I. A particle remains at rest or continues to move with uniform velocity
in a straight line with a constant speed unless an external / unbalanced
force acts on it.

II. The acceleration of a particle is proportional to the vector sum of

forces acting on it and is in the direction of this vector sum.

III. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

6
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Unit I - Introduction to Statics

•Vector Addition

Parallelogram Law

7
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Unit I - Introduction to Statics

The law of cosines (also known as the cosine formula, cosine

rule) relates the lengths of the sides of a triangle to the
cosine of one of its angles.

8
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Unit I - Introduction to Statics

The law of sines is one of two trigonometric equations

commonly applied to find lengths and angles in scalene
triangles.

9
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Unit I - Introduction to Statics

Idealized model for a real problem:

Approximations
Often we neglect very small quantities in the analysis
Force on a very small area is approximated as…..
Self weight of a member in structure is very small when…..
If internal deformations are required then……

Real problem is represented in the form of a Mathematical

equation
10
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Unit I - Introduction to Statics

Free Body Diagram - FBD

A graphical representation of the real
problem.
Includes all the forces acting to it.
External forces can be …..

System isolation
- we isolate the body / object from rest of
the system

11
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Unit I - Introduction to Statics

Free Body Diagram - FBD

12
 ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Unit I - Introduction to Statics

Free Body Diagram - FBD

13
THANK YOU

Deepa T
Department of Civil Engineering
[email protected]
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
- STATICS

Deepa T
Department of Civil Engineering
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force

Contents:
Newton’s Laws
Accuracy, Limits and Approximations
Problem Solving in Statics
Rectangular Components

Sir Isaac Newton

2
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force

Newton's first law states that every object will remain at rest or in
uniform motion in a straight line unless compelled to change its state
by the action of an external force. This is normally taken as the
definition of inertia.

The second law explains how the velocity of an object changes when it
is subjected to an external force. The law defines a force to be equal to
change in momentum (mass times velocity) per change in time.

The third law states that for every action (force) in nature there is an
equal and opposite reaction. In other words, if object A exerts a force
on object B, then object B also exerts an equal force on object A.

3
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force

Accuracy, Limits and Approximations

Accuracy is how close a measured value is to the actual (true) value.

Precision is how close the measured values are to each other.
The approximation used depends on the available information, the
degree of accuracy required.
4
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force

Problem Solving in Statics

Idealization or assumptions in Mechanics: In applying the principles of

mechanics to practical problems, a number of ideal conditions are
assumed. They are as follows.
1) A body consists of continuous distribution of matter.
2) The body considered is perfectly rigid.
3) A particle has mass but not size.
4) A force acts through a very small point.

5
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force

6
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force

7
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force
Principle or Law of transmissibility of forces
It states ―The state of rest or of Uniform motion of a rigid body is
unaltered if the point of application of the force is Transmitted to any
other point along the line of action of the force.”
The effect of the force F on the body remains the same when
the force is transmitted through any other point on the line of
action of the force. This law has a limitation that it is
Applicable to rigid bodies only.

8
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force

Free body diagrams consist of:

•A simplified version of the body (often a dot or a box)
•Forces shown as straight arrows pointing in the direction they act on
the body.
•Moments shown as curved arrows pointing in the direction they act on
the body.
•A coordinate system.

9
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force
System FBD

A book is at rest on a tabletop.

10
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force

Representation of a Force

Smaller magnitudes of forces are measured in newton (N)

and larger in kilonewton (KN).

11
THANK YOU

Deepa T
Department of Civil Engineering
[email protected]
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
- STATICS

Deepa T
Department of Civil Engineering
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force

Contents:
Force systems
Vector addition of forces
Rectangular Components

2
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force

Force Systems:
Coplanar force , Non coplanar force
Collinear force , Non collinear force
Parallel force , Like Parallel , Unlike Parallel
Concurrent , Non concurrent and
General Force System

3
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force

4
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force

Vector addition

5
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force

Vector addition

6
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force

Rectangular Components
Slitting up of force into respective Components along x and y direction
is called as Resolution.
Components of the force are called as Rectangular components.
Here F is the single force.
Fx and Fy are rectangular components of F in x and y direction
respectively.
and are unit vectors in x and y direction respectively.

7
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force

8
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force

Rectangular Components

9
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force

Rectangular Components

R = Rx +Ry

∑ Fx , Algebraic sum of the x scalar components

∑ Fy , Algebraic sum of the y scalar components 10
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force

Rectangular Components , Resolution:

A single force may be resolved into two mutually
perpendicular components which together may be
regarded as equivalent to the given force.
If there is more than one force acting on an object, all
the forces can be resolved in rectangular components

11
THANK YOU

Deepa T
Department of Civil Engineering
[email protected]
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
- STATICS

Deepa T
Department of Civil Engineering
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force

Numerical : 2/1
The force F has a magnitude of 800N. Express F as a vector in terms of
the unit vectors I and j. Identify the x and y scalar components of F

2
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force

Numericals : 2/1 - solution

3
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force

Numerical : 2/2
The force F has a magnitude of 7kNand acts at the location indicated .
Express F as a vector in terms of the unit vectors I and j . Next ,
determine the x and y scalar components of F.

4
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force

Numericals : 2/2 - solution

𝐹 = 𝐹𝑥 𝒊 + 𝐹𝑦 𝒋 𝑘𝑁
𝐹 = −7 sin 25 𝒊 + 7 cos 25 𝒋 𝑘𝑁
𝐹 = −2.96 𝒊 + 6.34 𝒋 𝑘𝑁

Scalar components : 𝐹𝑥 = − 2.96 𝑘𝑁

𝐹𝑦 = 6.34 𝑘𝑁

5
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force

Numerical : 2/3
The slope of the 6.5kN force F is specified as shown in the figure.
Express F as a vector in terms of the unit vectors I and j .

6
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force

Numerical : 2/3
𝐹 = 𝐹𝑥 𝒊 + 𝐹𝑦 𝒋 𝑘𝑁

𝐹 = −6.5 sin Ɵ 𝒊 − 6.5 cos Ɵ 𝒋 𝑘𝑁

12 5
𝐹 = −6.5 𝒊 − 6.34( ) 𝒋 𝑘𝑁
13 13

𝐹 = −6 𝒊 − 2.5𝒋 𝑘𝑁

7
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force

Numerical : 2/4
The force F has a magnitude of 6 kN and has the indicated line of
action. Write the unit vector n associated with F and use n to determine
the x and y scalar components of F .

8
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force

Numerical : 2/4
Solution: F sin Ɵ 𝒊 − F cos Ɵ 𝐣
𝒏=
𝐹
13 15
𝒏= 𝒊− 𝒋
19.85 19.85

𝒏 = 0.655 𝒊 − 0.756 𝒋
𝐹𝑥 = 𝐹𝒏𝑥 = 6 sin Ɵ
𝐹𝑦 = 𝐹𝒏𝑦 = −6 cos 𝜃

𝐹𝑥 = 3.93 𝑘𝑁
𝐹𝑦 = −4.53 𝑘𝑁
9
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force

Numerical : 2/5
The control rod AP exerts a force F on the sector as shown. Determine
both the x-y and the n-t components of the force.

10
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force

Numerical : 2/5
.
𝐹𝑥 = −𝐹 sin 𝛽 ; 𝐹𝑦 = − 𝐹 cos 𝛽

𝐹𝑥 = −𝐹 sin 𝛽 ; 𝐹𝑦 = − 𝐹 cos 𝛽

11
THANK YOU

Deepa T
Department of Civil Engineering
[email protected]
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
- STATICS

Deepa T
Department of Civil Engineering
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force

Numerical : 2/6
Two forces are applied to the construction bracket as shown.
Determine the angle which makes the resultant of the two forces
vertical. Determine the magnitude R of the resultant.

2
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force

Numerical : 2/6

3
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force

Numerical : 2/7
Two individuals are attempting to relocate a sofa by applying forces in
the indicated directions. If F1 = 500 N and F2 = 350kN, determine the
vector expression for the resultant R of the two forces. Then determine
the magnitude of the resultant and the angle which it makes with the
positive x-axis.

4
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force

Numerical : 2/7

5
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force

Numerical : 2/8
A small probe P is gently forced against the circular surface with a
vertical force F as shown. Determine the n and t components of this
force as functions of the horizontal position s .

6
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force

Numerical : 2/8

7
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force

Numerical : 2/9
The y-component of the force F which a person exerts on the handle of
the box wrench is known to be 320kN. Determine the x-component and
the magnitude of F.

8
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force

Numerical : 2/9

9
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force

Numerical : 2/10
Determine the x-y and n-t components of the 65 kN force acting on the
simply supported beam.

10
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force

Numerical : 2/10

11
THANK YOU

Deepa T
Department of Civil Engineering
[email protected]
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
- STATICS

Deepa T
Department of Civil Engineering
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force

Numerical : 2/18
Determine the x and y components of the tension T which is applied to
point A of the bar OA . Neglect the effects of the small pulley at B.
Assume that r and Are known.

2
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force

Numerical : 2/18
If α is angle made by AB with horizontal .
Let us resolve T force at ‘A’ .
Tx = T cosα

Ty = -T sinα

3
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force

Numerical : 2/23
Determine the scalar components Ra and Rb of the force R
along the nonrectangular axes a and b . Also determine the
orthogonal projection Pa of R onto axis a.

4
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force

Numerical : 2/23
To find scalar components of force ‘R’ along a and b non rectangular
coordinate axis.

Given R = 800N.
Ra=1170N
Rb=622N

Orthogonal projection Pa of R
Pa = R cos 30ᵒ = 693 N

5
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force

Numerical : 2/29
To insert the small cylindrical part into a close – fitting circular hole, the
robot arm must exert a 90 kN force P on the part parallel to the axis of
the hole as shown. Determine the components of the force which the
part exerts on the robot along axes
a) Parallel and perpendicular to the arm AB and
b) Parallel and perpendicular to the arm BC.

6
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force

Numerical : 2/29
a) Parallel and perpendicular to the arm AB
The components of the force which the part exerts on the robot along
axes , is the equal and opposite to P= 90kN.
Consider the coordinate axis as given in the question,.
Force makes 15ᵒ with y axis.
As t - axis (AB) is 60ᵒ with x axis , n axis must be 60ᵒ with the y axis.
Therefore PnAB = 90 cos 45ᵒ = 63.6kN
PtAB = 90sin45ᵒ = 90 sin 45ᵒ = 63.6 kN

b) Parallel and perpendicular to the arm BC.

Similarly ,
PtBC = -90 cos 30 = - 77.9kN
PnBC = 90 sin 30 = 45 kN
7
THANK YOU

Deepa T
Department of Civil Engineering
[email protected]
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
- STATICS

Deepa T
Department of Civil Engineering
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force

Moment is the rotational effect induced on a body .

Effects of Force on a body …..
Moment is also called as Torque.
Example:
Force ‘F’ is applied perpendicular to the handle of the wrench to rotate
The pipe about its vertical axis.

2
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force

Moment , M = F d

Moment is a vector quantity.

Right - hand rule :

Moment is a vector pointing in the direction of thumb
With the fingers curled in the direction of the rotational
tendency.
Unit : N.m

3
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force

Moment
Sign convention:
Anticlockwise ‘+’
Clockwise ‘ – ’

Represent moment by curved arrow as shown.

Moment of M about point A can be calculated by

Scalar Approach: M = F d
Vector Approach: M = r X F = r sin α F = F d
r is position vector
d is the perpendicular distance from moment center to line of action of
force .
4
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Force

Moment:
Varignon’s theorem:
“ Moment of a force about any point is equal to the sum of the
moments of the components of the force about the same point”.
Consider force R acting in the plane of the body as shown below.
P and Q are any two nonrectangular components of R.
Moment of R about O is Mo = r X R .
R = P + Q;
Mo = r X (P + Q) = r X P + r X Q ;

Mo = Rd = -p P + q Q

5
THANK YOU

Deepa T
Department of Civil Engineering
[email protected]
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
- STATICS

Deepa T
Department of Civil Engineering
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Moment

Moment:

2
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Moment

Moment:

3
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Moment

Numerical : 2/31
Determine the moments of the 5-kN about point O and about point B.

Mo = 5cos 60⁰ (12) – 5 sin 60⁰ (15) = 34.95 kN.m CW

MB = - 5cos 60⁰ (4) – 5 sin 60⁰ (15) = 74.9 kN.m CW

4
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Moment

Numerical : 2/32
The force of magnitude F acts along the edge of the triangular plate.
Determine the moment of F about point ‘O’.

Solution: Resolving force vertically just above ‘O’ , if ‘θ’ is angle made
with vertical , we get
M o = Fx h
= - F cosθ h

5
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Moment

Numerical : 2/33
The rectangular plate is made up of 0.3m squares as shown. A 150- N
force is applied at point A in the direction shown. Calculate the
moment MB of the force about point B by at least two different
methods.

6
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Moment

Numerical : 2/33
The rectangular plate is made up of 0.3m squares as shown. A 150- N
force is applied at point A in the direction shown. Calculate the
moment MB of the force about point B by at least two different
methods.
Solution:
MB = - Fx * 1.2 + Fy * 0.3
= - 150 (3/√13) *1.2 + 150 (2/√13) *0.3 = 124.81 Nm CW

MB = r X F = (0.3i X 1.2 j ) + (150 (3/√13)I + 150 (2/√13)j

MB = - 124.81Nm k
MB = 124.81Nm k CW
7
THANK YOU

Deepa T
Department of Civil Engineering
[email protected]
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
- STATICS

Deepa T
Department of Civil Engineering
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Moment

Numerical : 2/40
A man exerts a force F on the handle of the stationary wheelbarrow at
A. The mass of the wheelbarrow along with its load of dirt is 85kg with
center of mass at G. For the configuration shown, what force F must the
man apply at A to make the net moment about the tire contact point B
equal to zero?

2
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Moment

Numerical : 2/40
A man exerts a force F on the handle of the stationary wheelbarrow at
A. The mass of the wheelbarrow along with its load of dirt is 85kg with
center of mass at G. For the configuration shown, what force F must the
man apply at A to make the net moment about the tire contact point B
equal to zero?

3
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Moment

Numerical : 2/45
Determine the moments of the tension T about point P and about point
O.

4
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Moment

Numerical : 2/45
Determine the moments of the tension T about point P and about point
O.

5
THANK YOU

Deepa T
Department of Civil Engineering
[email protected]
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
- STATICS

Deepa T
Department of Civil Engineering
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Moment

Numerical : 2/51
As the result of a wind blowing normal to the plane of the
rectangular sign, a uniform pressure of 175 N/m2 is exerted in the
direction shown in the figure. Determine the moment of the
resulting force about point O. Express your result as a vector using
the coordinates shown.

2
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Moment

Numerical : 2/53
The small crane is mounted along the side of a pickup bed and
facilitates the handling of heavy loads. When the boom elevation angle
is =40, the force in the hydraulic cylinder BC is 4.5kN, and this force
applied at point C is in the direction from B to C (the cylinder is in
compression). Determine the moment of this 4.5kN force about the
boom pivot point O.

3
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Couple

The moment produced by two equal , opposite and noncollinear forces

is called a couple.

Unique properties:

Effect of these forces is couple M.

M= F(a+d) – F a = Fd CCW

Moment of the couple is same for all moment centers.

4
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Couple

Vector Method:

Where rA and rB are position vectors which run from

point O to arbitrary points A and B on the line of action
of F and –F.

Couple is a free vector.

5
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Couple

Sign convention :

6
THANK YOU

Deepa T
Department of Civil Engineering
[email protected]
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
- STATICS

Deepa T
Department of Civil Engineering
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Couple

A couple is not affected if the forces act in a different but parallel plane.

2
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Couple

Force – Couple Systems:

Effect of force on a body – Translational as well as rotational……

3
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Couple

Numerical : 2/59
The caster unit is subjected to the pair of 400N forces shown.
Determine the moment associated with these forces.

Solution:

M = 400 X 0.035 = 14 Nm CW

4
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Couple

Numerical : 2/60
For F = 300N , compute the combined moment of the two forces about
(a) Point O, (b) point C , (c ) point D

Solution:

MC = MD = MO

5
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Couple

Numerical : 2/75
The system consisting of the bar OA , two identical pulleys, and a
section of thin tape is subjected to the two 180 N tensile forces shown
in the figure . Determine the equivalent force – couple system at point
O.
Solution:

6
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Couple

Numerical : 2/75
Solution:

7
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Couple

Numerical : 2/77
Replace the two cable tensions which act on the pulley at O of the
beam trolley by two parallel forces whiiiich act at the track-wheel
connections A and B.

8
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Resultant

When an object is subject to several forces, the resultant force is the

force that alone produces the same effect as all those forces.

Determination of resultant is basic requirement in Statics

9
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Resultant

10
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Resultant

11
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Resultant

12
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Resultant

13
THANK YOU

Deepa T
Department of Civil Engineering
[email protected]
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
- STATICS

Deepa T
Department of Civil Engineering
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Resultant

Numerical : 2/79
Determine the resultant R of the three tension forces acting on
the eye bolt. Find the magnitude of R and the angle Ɵx which R
makes with the positive x-axis.

Solution:
Rx = 15.66 kN
Ry = 7.66 kN
R = 17.43 kN
Ɵx = 26.1°

2
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Resultant

Numerical : 2/87
If the resultant of the two forces and couple M passes through point O,
determine M.

Solution:
Given Mo = 0
Mo = 148 Nm CCW

3
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Resultant

Numerical : 2/100
An exhaust system for a pickup truck is shown in the figure. The weights
Wh, Wm, and Wt of the head pipe, muffler , and tailpipe are 10, 100, and
50N, respectively, and act at the indicated points. If the exhaust – pipe
hanger at point A is adjusted so that its tension FA is 50N, determine the
required forces in the hangers at points B,C and D so that the force –
couple system at point O is zero . Why is a zero force –couple system at
O desirable?

4
ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS
Resultant

Numerical : 2/100

Solution :
For given zero Force –couple system at ‘o’ , we get

Fc= FD= 6.42N

FD= 98.9N

5
THANK YOU

Deepa T
Department of Civil Engineering
[email protected]