PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 1 - EXERCISE
CHAPTER 1:
CONCEPTS AND PROPERTIES OF SUBSTANCES
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Van Dung
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, VNU-HCM
Email: [email protected]
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PRESSURE, TEMPERATURE, VOLUME
1/ Pressure (P) in International System of Units - SI [Pa]
1 Pa = 1 N/m2 1 bar = 105 Pa = 100 kPa
1 atm = 101325 Pa 1 atm = 760 Torr = 760 mmHg
2/ Temperature (T)
oC: Celsius K: Kelvin oF: Fahrenheit (less use)
[K] = 273.15 + [oC]
3/ Volume (V) – m3 in SI
1 L = 1 dm3 = 10-3 m3 1 mL = 1/1000 L = 10-6 m3
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ISOTHERMAL COMPRESSIBILITY
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ISOTHERMAL COMPRESSIBILITY
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COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION
When both temperature and pressure change:
𝟏 𝝏𝑽
𝜶=
𝑽 𝝏𝑻 𝑷,𝒏 ΔV
≈ α. ∆T − κT . ∆P
V
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COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION
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IDEAL GAS, PARTIAL PRESSURES
PV = n.R.T
R Unit Energy Pressure Volume
8.314 J.K−1.mol−1 J Pa m3
0.082 L.atm.K−1.mol−1 - atm L
1.987 cal.K−1.mol−1 cal Pa m3
Mole fraction Partial pressures
ni
xi = Pi = xi.Ptotal ni RT
n
Ptotal = Pi
Pi =
n = ni
V
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REAL GAS, COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR
PVm = RT PVm = Z .RT
All fluids at the same reduced
temperature and reduced pressure
have the same compressibility factor.
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REAL GAS, COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR
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COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR FROM CHART
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VAN DER WAALS EQUATION
2
nRT n Or RT a
P= − a P= − 2
V − nb V (Vm − b) Vm
a
pc = 2
27b
Vc = 3b
8a
Tc =
27bR
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VAN DER WAALS EQUATION
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VAN DER WAALS EQUATION
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VAN DER WAALS EQUATION
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EQUATIONS FOR REAL GAS
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EQUATIONS FOR REAL GAS
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EQUATIONS FOR REAL GAS
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EQUATIONS FOR REAL GAS
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 1 - EXERCISE
CHAPTER 2: FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Van Dung
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, VNU-HCM
Email: [email protected]
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Work Done on an Ideal Gas in a Reversible Process
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Reversible Work Done on a Nonideal Gas
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Reversible Work Done on a Nonideal Gas
c. Recalculate the work done in the process of part a, using Van der Waals equation for
CO2. Give a = 0.3640 Pa m6 mol-2, b = 4.267 x 10-5 m3 mol-1
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Work and Irreversible Processes
Constant-Pressure Processes
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Work and Irreversible Processes
Expansion Processes
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Work and Irreversible Processes
CompressionProcesses
Work and Irreversible Processes 26
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Heat Transferred during Temperature Changes
𝑻𝟐 𝑻𝟐
Qp = 𝑻Cp.dT & Qv = 𝑻Cv.dT
𝟏 𝟏
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Heat Transferred during Phase Changes
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Internal Energy: The First Law of Thermodynamics
For a closed system and for any process that begins and ends with equilibrium states
Constant-volume process (isochoric process)
𝑻
If V is constant, dV = 0 and Wv = 0: ∆U = Qv = 𝟐 𝑻Cv.dT
𝟏
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The Ideal Gas as an Example System
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Amounts of Heat Transferred to an Ideal Gas
Isothermal reversible expansion or compression of a closed ideal gas
UT = HT = 0
QT = -WT = nRT ln(V2/V1) = -nRT ln(p2/p1) = p1V1ln(V2/V1)
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Amounts of Heat Transferred to an Ideal Gas
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Change in internal energy for a nonisothermal process
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Change in internal energy for a non-isothermal process
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Enthalpy
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Reversible Adiabatic Processes
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Reversible Adiabatic Processes
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Reversible Adiabatic Processes
For many liquids and solids: Cp ≈ Cv, ≈ 1
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Irreversible Adiabatic Processes
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Irreversible Adiabatic Processes
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Enthalpy Changes of Processes without Chemical Reactions
∆H are for constant-pressure processes in closed systems
∆H are for phase change
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Change in enthalpy for a nonisothermal process
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Enthalpy Changes for Irreversible Processes
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Enthalpy Changes for Irreversible Processes
