Amity International School
Power Grid Complex, Sec-43, Gurgaon
Class XII
Activity-1 (Date-6-04-24)
OBJECTIVE :
To verify that the relation R in the set L of all lines in a plane, defined by R = {( l, m) : l || m} is an
equivalence relation.
MATERIAL REQUIRED :
A piece of cardboard , some pieces of colourful threads or yarns (blue, green and red ), white chart
paper, board pins , white paper, glue.
METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION :
Take a piece of cardboard of convenient size and paste a white paper on it. Fix the yarn randomly on
the plywood with the help of board pins such that some of them are parallel, some are perpendicular
to each other and some are inclined as shown in Fig.
DEMONSTRATION :
1. Let the wires represent the lines 𝑙1 , 𝑙2 , ..., 𝑙8 .
2. 𝑙1 is perpendicular to each of the lines 𝑙2 , 𝑙3 , 𝑙4 (see Fig.).
3. 𝑙6 is perpendicular to 𝑙7 .
4. 𝑙2 is parallel to 𝑙3 , 𝑙3 is parallel to 𝑙4 and 𝑙5 is parallel to 𝑙8 .
5. (𝑙2 , 𝑙3 ), (𝑙3 , 𝑙4 ), (𝑙5 , 𝑙8 ), ∈ R.
OBSERVATION :
1. In Fig. every line is parallel to itself. So the relation R = {( 𝑙, 𝑚) : 𝑙 || 𝑚} ..is.. reflexive relation
2. In Fig. we observe that if 𝑙2 || 𝑙3 . then 𝑙3 || 𝑙2
So, (𝑙2 , 𝑙3 ) ∈ R ⇒ (𝑙3 , 𝑙2 ) ∈ R
Similarly, If 𝑙3 || 𝑙4 then 𝑙4 || 𝑙3
So, (𝑙3 , 𝑙4 ) ∈ R ⇒ (𝑙4 , 𝑙3 ) ∈ R
and (𝑙5 , 𝑙8 ) ∈ R ⇒ (𝑙8 , 𝑙5 ) ∈ R
∴ The relation R is symmetric relation (is / is not)
3. In Fig. we observe that 𝑙2 || 𝑙3 and 𝑙3 || 𝑙2 . and 𝑙2 || 𝑙4
So, (𝑙2 , 𝑙3 ) ∈ R and (𝑙3 , 𝑙4 ) ∈ R ⇒ (𝑙2 , 𝑙4 ) ∈ R
Similarly, 𝑙3 || 𝑙4 and 𝑙4 || 𝑙2 and also 𝑙3 || 𝑙2
So, (𝑙3 , 𝑙4 ) ∈ R, (𝑙4 , 𝑙2 ) ∈ R ⇒ (𝑙3 , 𝑙2 ) ∈ R
Thus, the relation R is transitive relation
Hence, the relation R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive. So, R is an equivalence relation.
Activity-2 (Date-13-05-24)
OBJECTIVE:
To draw the graph of sin−1 𝑥, using the graph of 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 and demonstrate the concept of mirror reflection
(about the line 𝑦 = 𝑥).
MATERIAL REQUIRED:
White paper, ruler, coloured pens, adhesive, pencil, eraser, cutter.
METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION:
On the blank paper, draw two lines, perpendicular to each other and name them X′OX and YOY′ as
rectangular axes
1. Mark the point on y-axis 1, 1/2, 0 -1/2, etc.
2. To sketch the graph we will make a table as
𝑥 0 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
6 4 3 2
sin 𝑥 0 1 1 √3 1
2 √2 2
3. Mark the points in the coordinate plane to represent the point namely
𝜋 1 𝜋 1 𝜋 √3 𝜋
𝑁1 ( , ), 𝑁2 ( , ), 𝑁3 ( , ), 𝑁4 ( , 1)
6 2 4 √2 3 2 2
4. On the other side of the x-axis, repeat the same process and mark the points given in the table below
𝑥 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
− − − −
6 4 3 2
sin 𝑥 1 1 √3 −1
− − −
2 √2 2
𝜋 1 𝜋 1 𝜋 √3 𝜋
5. Name the points as 𝑁′1 (− 6 , − 2), 𝑁′2 (− 4 , − √2), 𝑁′3 (− 3 , − 2
), 𝑁′4 (− 2 , −1)
𝜋 𝜋
6. Join the points with free hand on both sides of x-axis to get the graph of sin x from – to .
2 2
7. Draw the graph of the line 𝑦 = 𝑥 (by plotting the points (1,1), (2, 2), (3, 3), ... etc.
8. From the points 𝑁1 , 𝑁2 , 𝑁3 , 𝑁4 , draw perpendicular on the line 𝑦 = 𝑥 and produce these lines
such that length of perpendicular on both sides of the line 𝑦 = 𝑥 are equal. Name these points as
𝐼1 , 𝐼2 , 𝐼3 , 𝐼4 .
9. Repeat the above activity on the other side of x- axis and take the points as 𝐼′1 , 𝐼′2 , 𝐼′3 , 𝐼′4 .
10. Join the pins on both sides of the line 𝑦 = 𝑥 which show the graph of 𝑦 = sin−1 𝑥 .
DEMONSTRATION :
Put a mirror on the line y = x. The image of the graph of 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 in the mirror will represent the
graph of sin−1 𝑥 showing that sin−1 𝑥 is mirror reflection of 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 and vice versa.
OBSERVATION:
1. The image of point 𝑁1 in the mirror (the line 𝑦 = 𝑥) is 𝐼1 .
2. The image of point 𝑁2 in the mirror (the line 𝑦 = 𝑥) is 𝐼2 .
3. The image of point 𝑁3 in the mirror (the line 𝑦 = 𝑥) is 𝐼3 .
4. The image of point 𝑁4 in the mirror (the line 𝑦 = 𝑥) is 𝐼4 .
5. The image of point 𝑁′1 in the mirror (the line 𝑦 = 𝑥) is 𝐼′1 .
6. The image of point 𝑁′2 in the mirror (the line 𝑦 = 𝑥) is 𝐼′2 .
7. The image of point 𝑁′3 in the mirror (the line 𝑦 = 𝑥) is 𝐼′3 .
8. The image of point 𝑁′4 in the mirror (the line 𝑦 = 𝑥) is 𝐼′4
The image of the graph of 𝑠𝑖𝑥 𝑥 in 𝑦 = 𝑥 is the graph of sin−1 𝑥, and the image of the graph of
sin−1 𝑥, in 𝑦 = 𝑥 is the graph of 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥.
