ME413

Homework 2
Furkan Bahceli
2234383

Figure 1. Illustration from hw2.

1 & 2)
Let us write firstly the heat equation of a simple cylinder,

1 𝑑 𝑑𝑇 (1)
· (𝑘 · 𝑟 · ) = 0
𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟

Then write the same heat equation with a heat generation inside it,

1 𝑑 𝑑𝑇 (2)
· (𝑘 · 𝑟 · ) + 𝑞 = 0
𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟

When we look at the cross section of the cylinder, it should be written separately for the inner tube
and the outer hollow tube. Therefore, Eq. 1 and Eq. 2 will be for outer hollow tube and inner tube
respectively. Assuming 𝑘𝑜 and 𝑘𝑖 constant.
First derive the temperature equation from Eq. 2 for the inner tube.

1 𝑑 𝑑𝑇 𝑞
· (𝑟 · ) + = 0
𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝑘𝑖
where,
𝑊 (3)
𝑞 = 𝑔0 [ ]
𝑚3
If one puts the Eq. 3 into Eq.2, and integrate the equation by separating variables to get,

𝑑𝑇 𝑔0 2 (4)
𝑟· =− · 𝑟 + 𝐶1
𝑑𝑟 2𝑘𝑖

Doing the same calculation again, the solution for temperature distribution for the inner tube is,
For 0 < 𝑟 < 𝑅1

𝑔0 2 (5)
𝑇(𝑟) = − 𝑟 + 𝐶1 ln(𝑟) + 𝐶2
4𝑘𝑖

For obtaining the constant values 𝐶1 and 𝐶2 , let us apply the boundary conditions.

𝑑𝑇 (6)
|
𝑑𝑟 𝑟 = 0

Eq. 6 can be written with the help of the symmetry. It cannot be applied to the Eq.5 directly. Since
there is an already derivative parameter of the temperature in Eq.5, it can be used to calculate 𝐶1 .
When the operation is done, it can be easily seen that,
𝐶1 = 0

The finalized form of the equation with currently unknown constant 𝐶2 is,

𝑔0 2 (7)
𝑇(𝑟) = − 𝑟 + 𝐶2
4𝑘𝑖

Let us now derive the temperature equation for the outer hollow cylinder by using Eq.1.

1 𝑑 𝑑𝑇
· (𝑘𝑜 · 𝑟 · ) = 0
𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟

When we take its derivative by separating variables,

𝑑𝑇 𝐶3 (8)
𝑟· =
𝑑𝑟 𝑘𝑜
Same procedure is applied, for 𝑅1 < 𝑟 < 𝑅0

𝐶3 (9)
𝑇(𝑟) = · ln(𝑟) + 𝐶4
𝑘𝑜

Let us apply boundary conditions for the Eq. 9. It is known that outer boundary temperature has its
value 𝑇0 .

𝐶3 (10)
𝑇(𝑅0 ) = · ln(𝑅0 ) + 𝐶4 = 𝑇0
𝑘𝑜

Also, there should be a heat flux through the inner surface of outer tube from heat generation.
Calculating the total heat generation for the inner tube, assuming tubes having length L and steady
state condition,

𝑞𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑔0 · (𝜋 · 𝑅1 2 · 𝐿) (11)

For the outer tube 𝑞𝑟 = 𝑅1 should be equal to 𝑞𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 obtained in Eq.11,

𝑑𝑇 𝑑𝑇 (11.1)
𝑞𝑅1 = 𝑘𝑜 · 𝐴 · = 𝑘𝑜 · (2𝜋𝑅1 𝐿) · = 𝑔0 · (𝜋 · 𝑅1 2 · 𝐿)
𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟

From Eq.11.1we obtain,

And if we put it to Eq.8,

𝑅1 2 · 𝑔0 (12)
𝐶3 =
2

Calling Eq.10 again to obtain the constant 𝐶4 , rewriting it with the obtained 𝐶3 value.

𝑅1 2 · 𝑔0 (13)
𝐶4 = 𝑇0 − · ln(𝑅0 )
2 · 𝑘𝑜
Therefore,

𝑅1 2 · 𝑔0 𝑅1 2 · 𝑔0
𝑇(𝑟) = · ln(𝑟) + 𝑇0 − · ln(𝑅0 )
2 · 𝑘𝑜 2 · 𝑘𝑜

The finalized form for temperature distribution of outer tube is,

𝑅1 2 · 𝑔0 𝑟 (14)
𝑇(𝑟) = 𝑇0 − · ln ( )
2 · 𝑘𝑜 𝑅0

Now, 𝐶2 should be found from Eq.7. Both equations should satisfy the same point when 𝑟 = 𝑅1
If we equate both Eq.7 and Eq.14,

𝑅1 2 · 𝑔0 𝑟 𝑔0 2
𝑇0 − · ln ( ) = − 𝑟 + 𝐶2
2 · 𝑘𝑜 𝑅0 4𝑘𝑖

For 𝑟 = 𝑅1 , we find,
1 ln(𝑅1 ⁄𝑅0 ) (15)
𝐶2 = 𝑇0 + 𝑅1 2 · 𝑔0 · ( − )
4𝑘𝑖 2𝑘𝑜

If we put this value into Eq.7,

𝑔0 2 1 ln(𝑅1 ⁄𝑅0 ) (16)

Putting together,

𝑅1 2 · 𝑔0 𝑟
𝑇0 − · ln ( ) , 𝑅1 < 𝑟 < 𝑅0
2 · 𝑘𝑜 𝑅0
𝑇(𝑟) =
𝑔0 2 1 ln(𝑅1 ⁄𝑅0 )
− 𝑟 + 𝑇0 + 𝑅1 2 · 𝑔0 · ( − ), 0 < 𝑟 < 𝑅1
{ 4𝑘𝑖 4𝑘𝑖 2𝑘𝑜
3)

Let us write again the governing equations 1 and 2,

1 𝑑 𝑑𝑇 (1)
· (𝑘 · 𝑟 · ) = 0
𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟

1 𝑑 𝑑𝑇 (2)
· (𝑘 · 𝑟 · ) + 𝑞 = 0
𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟

Let us derive the weak form for the Eq. 1,

𝑏 𝑏
𝑏
1 𝑑 𝑑𝑇 𝜙(𝑟) 𝑑𝑇 1 𝑑𝜙(𝑟)
∫ 𝜙(𝑟) · · (𝑘 · 𝑟 · ) 𝑑𝑟 = [ ·𝑟· ] + ∫ ·( − 1) 𝑑𝑇 (17)
𝑎 𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝑎 𝑟 𝑑𝑟
𝑎

𝑑𝑔 𝑑𝑓
𝑓 [𝑓 · 𝑔]𝑏𝑎 ·𝑔
𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟

Now, same procedure for the Eq.2,

𝑏 𝑏
𝑏 𝑏
1 𝑑 𝑑𝑇 𝜙(𝑟) 𝑑𝑇 1 𝑑𝜙(𝑟)
∫ 𝜙(𝑟) · · (𝑘 · 𝑟 · ) 𝑑𝑟 = [ ·𝑟· ] + ∫ ( ·( − 1) ) 𝑑𝑇 + ∫ 𝜙(𝑟) · 𝑔0 𝑑𝑟 (18)
𝑎 𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝑎 𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝑎
𝑎

𝑓 𝑑𝑔
𝑑𝑟 [𝑓 · 𝑔]𝑏𝑎 𝑑𝑓
·𝑔
𝑑𝑟