BASIC APPLICATION

USEFUL CONCEPTS PART - I

1. Solve he following inequations :
( x  1)( x  4)
(A) ( x  3)( x  1)( x  2)( x  9)  0 (B) 0 (C) x  16  0
2

( x  3)
(D) ( x  1)(2 x  5)  0 (E) ( x  1)(3x  1)  0
(F) (2 x  3)( x  1)( x  5)  0
(G) x ( x  3)( x  1)  0 (H) x ( x  1)( x  3)  0
(I) x(2 x  5)(3x  2)( x  9)  0
x( x  1)( x  2)
(J) 0 (K) x  17  0
2

x5
(L) x( x  5 x  6)  0
2

(M) ( x  5 x  6)( x  3x  2)  0 (N) x  5 x  4 x  0

2 2 3 2

(O) x  7 x  14 x  8  0
3 2

( x  1)( x  2)(5  x)
(P) ( x  2)(3  x)  0 (Q) 0
(2 x  5)
(2 x  3)(7 x  2)(5  3 x)
(R) 0
(3  x)
( x  1) x( x 2  4) x2  5x  6 x 1
(S) 0 (T) 0 (U) 2
x7 x 2  3x  2 x4
2. Solve the following :
(A) 3 x  7 x  4  0 (B) 3 x  7 x  6  0 (C) x  3 x  5  0
2 2 2

3x  2
(D) x  4 x  3  0
2
(E) x  6 x  11x  6  0
3 2
(F)  2, x  1
x 1
x 2  x  12 x2  4x  7 2 x 2  6 x  11
(G) 2 (H)  (I)  1
x 2  3x  3 x 2  7 x  12 3 x3
x 1 x3 x 1
(J)  (K)  1 x
4x  5 4x  3 x3
(L) 3 x  11x  2  0
2

3. Solve the following :

x 2  3x  4 1
(A) 2 x  x  15  0
2
(B)  x  3 x  2  0
2
(C) 
x5 3
x2  2x  5 1 x 2  2 x  24
(D)  (E) 4 (F) x  2 x  63  0
4 2

3x 2  2 x  5 2 x 2  3x  4
INEQUATIONS WITH INTEGRAL POWERS ON FACTORS

4. Solve the following :

(A) ( x  1)( x  2)( x  3)  0 (B) ( x  1)( x  3)( x  4)  0
2 2

( x  1)( x  2)2
(C) 0 (D) ( x  1) ( x  5) ( x  1) ( x  2)  0
3 4 13

( x  4)
( x  1)5 ( x  1)( x  4)2 ( x  3)4 ( x  1)( x  8)( x  6) 2 ( x  5) 4
(E) 0 (F) 0
( x  8)(2 x  3)( x  6)2 ( x  3) 2 ( x  1)
 ( x  1)2 ( x  1)3
(G) ( x  1)( x  2) ( x  3)  0
2
(H) 0
x 4 ( x  2)
5. Solve the following system of inequalities :
(A) x  9  0 & x  3 x  2  0 (B) 2 x  7  5  x,11  5 x  1
2 2

x
(C) 2x 1  3&3x  2  5&5x  4  10 (D) x  3 x  2  0 &
2
0
x 1
x 1 6x 1
(E) x  9  0 & x  6 x  8  0
2 2
(F)  , 
2x  1 4 4x 1 2
x( x  1)( x  3) (5  x)( x  2)
(G)  0& 0 (H) x( x  4)  0 & x  5 x  6  0
2

( x  4) ( x  8)
(I) 6 x  7 x  3  0 & 2 x  7 x  4  0
2 2

x5
6. Find the smallest integral x satisfying the inequality 0
x  5 x  14
2

x 2 (3x  4) 2 ( x  2) 2
7. Find the number of positive integral solutions of  0.
( x  5) 2 (2 x  7)6
( x  2)( x  4)( x  7) x 2  3x  1
1 (ii) ( x  x  1)( x  x  7)  5 (iii) 3  3
2 2
8. (i)
( x  2)( x  4)( x  7) x2  x  1

(iv) Find all integers satisfying: (5 x  1)  ( x  1)  (7 x  3)

2

9. Prove that the solution of simultaneous system 7 a 2  12a  8  0  4a 2  1  0 will be

1 1
a  ( , )
2 2
10. Prove that the solution of simultaneous system a 2  7 a  1  0  a 2  8a  4  0 will be
7  45
a ( , 4  2 3)
2
11. Prove that the solution of simultaneous system
3a 16
9a 2  16a (a  1)  0   1  2a 2  3a  1  0 will be a  [  , 1)
2(a  1) 7
 3  x  3 x 
12. Solve for x : x   x  2
 x  1  x 1 

ANSWERS (USEFUL CONCEPTS)

1. (A) x  (, 2] [1, 3] [9, ) (B) x  ( , 4) (1, 3) (C)
x  (,  4) (4, )
5 1
(D) x  (1, ) (E) x  ( ,  1) ( , ) (F)
2 3
3
x  (1, ) (5, )
2
(G) x  ( , 3) (0, 1) (H) x  [ 1, 0] [3, ) (I)
2 5
x  (  , 0) ( , 9)
3 2
(J) x  ( , 5) ( 1, 0) (2, ) (K) x  ( 17, 17) (L)
x  (, 0) (2, 3)
 (M) x  ( ,  1) (1, 2) (6, ) (N) x  [ 4,  1] [0, ) (O)
x  (, 1) (2, 4)
5
(P) x  (2, 3) (Q) x  ( , ) (1, 2) (5, ) (R)
2
2 3 5
x  (, ) ( , ) (3, )
7 2 3
(S) x  ( , 7) [ 2, 0] [1, 2] (T) x  ( , 2) ( 1, 2] [3,  ) (U)
x  ( 9,  4)
 4 2
(A) x  1, (B) x  (  ,3)
2.
 3  3
(C)

x  (  , ) or x  R
(D) x  ( , 1] [3,  ) (E) x  ( , 1) (2, 3) (F)
x  (0, 1)
(G) x  ( ,  1) (6, ) (H) x  ( 3, 1) (3, 4) (I)
x  (,  8) (3, 1)
5 3
(J) x  (  , ) (K) x  (4,  3) (1, )
4 4
 11  97 11  97 
(L) x   , 
 6 6
 
5 
(A) x  (,  3]
3.
 2 ,   (B) x  (1, 2) (C)

7
x  (,  5) (1, )
3
5  2 
(D) x  (5,  1) ( , 3) (E) x   , [4, )
3 
(F)
3 
x  [ 3, 3]
4. (A) x  ( , 1) (2, 3) (3, ) (B) x  ( 1, 3) (C)
x  ( 4, 1)
3
(D) x  ( 1, 1) (2, ) (E) x  ( 8,  4) (4,  1) (1, )
2
(F) x  ( ,  1) (1, 3) (3, 5) (5, 6) (6, 8) (G)
x  [1, 3]
(H) x  [ 1, 0) (0, 2)
5. (A)(-∞,-3)U(3,∞) (B) (4,∞) (C) (7/3,14/5) (D) (-1,0] (E) [3,4] (F) ∅
(G) (-1,0)U(3,5)U(8,∞) (H)[0,2)U(3,4] (I) (1/3,4]
6. x=-6 7. One
8.. (i) ( ,  7) ( 4, -2) (ii) ( 2, -1) (2, 3) (iii) ( ,  2) ( 1, ) (iv) x = 3
12. x  R  {1, 1}

USEFUL CONCEPTS PART – II

BASIC APPLICATION OF ABSOLUTE VALUE (MOD)
1. Solve for x :
(A) | x | = 5 (B) | x | = - 2 (C) | x – 1 | = 3 (D) | x + 2 | = 5
(E) | 7 + x | = 2 (F) | x – 3 | = 3 (G) | 2x – 5 | = 1 (H) | 3x – 5 | = 3
(I) | 2x + 5 | = 3 (J) | 2 – x | = 5 (K) | 5x2 – 3 | = 2 (L) |x – 1| + |x – 3| =2
 x4
3 (P) | x  4 x | 5
2
(M) | x | + | x + 5 | = 5 (N) |x – 1| + | x – 4| = 2 (O)
x2
2. Solve for x :
(A) | x | > 2 (B) | x – 1| > 3 (C) | x – 2| < 1 (D) | x + 1| ≥ 2
x 3
(E) | x – 1| < 5 (F) | 2x – 3 | > 7 (G) | 3x + 5| < 2 (H) 1
x 5
x4
1 (J) | x  4 x | 5
2
(I)
x2
3. Solve the following equations and inequalities :
(A) | x + 1 | - 2 = 2 (B) | 3x – 4 | = 1/2 (C) | x + 2 | = 2 (3 – x)
(D) | x – 3 | > - 1 (E) | x | = - 3x – 5 (F) | 3x – 2.5 | ≥ 2
(G) | x – 2 | ≤ | x + 4 | (H) x2 + | x – 1| = 1 (I) | x2 – x – 6| = x + 2
(J) | 4 – 3x | ≤ ½ (K) x2 – 2 | x | - 3 = 0 (L) | 2x – x2 – 3| = 1
x 2  | x | 12 x 1 2x  5
(M)  2x (N) | x  1|  (O)  1
x 3 2 | x 3|
(P) | x  2 x  3 |  3 x  3 (Q) | x |  x  0
2 3

(R) ( x  5 x  6)  5 | x  5 x  6 | 6  0 (S) | x  4 x  3 | 2 x  5  0
2 2 2 2

| x  2 | x
(T) | x  1|  | x  2 |  | x  3 | 2 (U) 2
x

(V) | x  1|  x  1  0 (W) | x  6 x  8 |  4 x (X) x  | 3 x  2 |  x  0

2 2 2

1
(Y) x  | 5 x  3 |  x  2 (Z) ( x  1)(| x | 1)  
2

2
4. Solve system of equations.
(A) | x | 2 | y | 3 & 5 y  7 x  2 (B) y  2 | x | 3  0 & | y |  x  3  0
5. Solve of x :
4
(A)  | x  1| (B) | 7 x  12 |  | 7 x  11| 1 (C)
| x  1| 2

x 2  3x  1
(D) || x  1 | 2 |  1 (E) 3
x2  x  1
(F) | x  1  x |  | x 2  3x  4 |
2

6. Find the least integral value of x which satisfies the equation | x  3 | 2 | x  1| 4

Solve the inequality | x  3 x |  x  2  0
2 2
7.
x 2  8 x  12 x 2  8 x  12
8. Solve the equation 2  
x  10 x  21 x 2  10 x  21
9. Solve for x :
x2  5x  4
(A) | x  9 |  | x  4 |
2 2
5 (B) 1
x2  4
(C) (| x  1| 3)(| x  2 | 5)  0 (D) | x  1|  x2  x  1
3

10. Solve the equation

x x2
(A) | x  | 4  x || 2 x  4 (B) | x| 
x 1 | x  1|
 |x| 1
11. Solve the inequation 1  
1 | x| 2
12. Solve the inequality | x  1|  | x |  | 2 x  3 |  2 x  4
| x  2|
13. Solve for x ; 2  | 2 x 1  1|  2 x 1  1
 | x2  2 x |  y  1 
14. Solve the system of equations  
 x 2  | y |  1
For a < 0, determine all roots of x  2a | x  a | 3a  0. Also calculate the roots if a > 7.
2 2
15.
2 x 1 | x 3|2
16. Find the number of negative integral solutions of x 2  2  x 2 2| x 3|4  2 x 1
9(2 | x | 2)
Solve for x : ( x  2 | x |)(2 | x | 2)  2 0
2
17.
x 2| x|

IRRATIONAL INEQUALITIES
x2 x 3
27. ( x  1) x  x  2  0
2
28.  1 29. 0
1 2x x2
2 x 2  15 x  17
30. 3x  10  6  x 31. 0 32. x2  x  1
10  x
33. 2 x  1  x 34. x  18  2  x 35.
x  24  5 x
36. 2x 1  x  2 37. ( x  6)(1  x)  3  2 x
38. x  1  7x
1  1  4 x2
39. x2  x 40. 4  x  x2  2x 41. 3
x
x2
| x2| | x| 1
42. x2  4 x  x  3 43. 0 44.    3 x
4 x 3
3
x 5
45. 0
log 2 ( x  4)  1

ANSWERS [USEFUL CONCEPTS – II]

1.(A)  5 (B)  (C) 4, -2 (D) 3, -7 (E) -5, -9

2 8
(F) 0, 6 (G) 2, 3 (H) , (I) -1, -4 (J) -3, 7
3 3
1
(K)  1, 
5
5
(L) [1, 3] (M) [-5, 0] (N)  (O) 1, 
2
(P) -1, 5

2. (A) ( ,  2) (2, ) (B) ( ,  2) (4, ) (C) (1, 3)

 (D) (,
 3] [1, ) (E) (-4, 6) (F)
(,  2) (5, )
7
(G) (  ,  1) (H) (4, 5) (5, ) (I) ( ,  3] (J)
3
( 1, 5)
3 7 4
3. (A) -5, 3 (B) , (C) (D)
2 6 3
( ,  )
5 1 3
(E)  (F) ( , ] [ , ) (G) [ 1,  ) (H)
2 6 2
0, 1
7 3
(I) -2, 2, 4 (J)
 6 , 2  (k )  3 (L)  (M)

( , 3)
1
(N) ( , ] [3, ) (O) (2, 3) (3, ) (P) (2, 5) (Q) 0, -1 (R)
3
5  13
1, 4,
2
(S) 4,  1  3 (T) 2 (U) ( , 0) (1, ) (V) -1 (W)
[1, 3] {4}
1 1
(X) (,  2  2] [1,  3, ) (Y) (5, 3  2 2) (Z) , 1 
2 2
11 23
4. (A) (1,  1), (  , ) (B) (2, 1), (0, -3), (-6, 9)
19 19

11
5. (A) 5, 2  5 (B) ( , ] (C) [ 7,  5] [5, 7] (D)  (E)
7
3 2 1
(,  2) (1,  ) (F) ( , ] 6. -1 7. ( , - ] [ , )
2 3 2
8 5
8. [2, 3) [6, 7) 9. (A) [3,  2] [2, 3] (B) [0, ] [ ,  ) (C)
5 2
(7,  2) (3, 4) (D) (0, 2)
10. (A) 0 (B) (1, ) {0} 11. [-1, 1]

3  1 5 1 5 
( ,  ) 13. [ 1, ) {3} 14. (0, 1), (1, 0), 
12.
2  2 , 2 
 
15. 2), a( 6 1) & for a > 7, a( 2  1), a(1 6) 16.
For a < 0, a (1  None
17. x  (1, 0) (0, 1) (3,  2) (2, 3)
1 
27.[2, ∞) ∪ {−1} 28.  ,2 
2 
 17 
29.  3,   30. (4, 6] 31.  ,    1,10  32. ( 1 / 2,  )
 2

33. 1, 2  (2, ) 34. [-18, -2] 35. (3, 24/5) 36. (5,  )
 8 
37. [1,6] 38. ( , 3) 39. [-2,2) 40.  ,  
3 
41.
 1
 2
9
2

[1/ 2, 0)   0,  42.  ,0   ,   43. 1, 3 4

 44. [-2,2)

45. 
{5}  4  2,  
USEFUL CONCEPTS PART - III
1. Solve for x :
(i) [x] = 3.9 (ii) [x] < 3.9 (iii) [x] > 3.9
(iv) [x] > 5 (v) 2.1 < [x] < 5
(vi) [x] ≤ 5 (vii) -9 ≤ [x] < -5.3 (viii) [x] ≥ -5.3 (ix)[x] ≤ -5.3 (x) {x} = 0
2. Solve for x :
[ x]  3 (B) [ x ]  5 (C) [ x ]  [  x]  0 (D) x  [ x]  1/ 2
2
(A)
(E) [ x]  3[ x ]  2  0 (F) [ x]  5[ x]  6  0 (G) [ x]  3[ x]  2  0 (H) [3 x]  1
2 2 2

(I) [3x ]  [3x ]  0 (J) [ x]  9 (K) [| x |]  3 (L) | [ x ] |  2

2

(M) 4[ x ]  x  {x} (N) [ x ]  n( n  l ) (O) [ x ]  n( n  l ) (P) 2.3  [ x ]  3

(Q) 2  [ x ]  5.3
If [ x]  [ x  2] , where [x] = the greatest integer less than or equal to x, then x must be such that
2
3.
(A) x  2,  1 (B) x  [2, 3) (C) x  [ 1, 0) (D)none of
these
4. Let y = 2[x] + 3 = 3[x – 2] + 5 then[x +y] equals
(A) 10 (B) 15 (C) 12 (D) None of these
5[ x]  4
5. Find the complete set of values of x satisfying (i)  3 (ii) [ x]2  3[ x]  2  0
11[ x]  7
6. If [x] denotes the integral part of x for real x, then the value of
1 1 1  1 1  1 3   1 199 
 4    4  200    4  100    4  200   .........   4  200  is
(A) 44 (B) 46 (C){51} (D) 50
1
7. Solution set of 5 {x} = x + [x] & [x] – {x} = will contain
2
(A) no value (B) 1 value (C) 2 values (D) None of these
1 n  100
 where [x]s denotes the integral part of x. Then the value of  f(n) is
8. Let f(n) =
 2 100 
n 1
(A) 50 (B) 51 (C) 1 (D) None of these
9. The solutions of the equation 2x – 2 [x] = 1
1 1 1
(A) x  n  ,n N (B) x  n  ,n N (C) x  n  ,nl (D)
2 2 2
n  x  n  1, n  l
 x   x   x  31
10. If 0 < x < 1000 and
 2    3    5   30 x, where [x] is the greatest integer less than or equal to
x, the number of possible values of x is
(A) 34 (B) 32 (C) 33 (D) None of these
11. Let R = the set of real numbers, Z  the set of integers, N = the set of natural numbers. If S be the
solution set of the equation ( x)  [ x]  ( x  1)  [ x  1] , where (x) = the least integer greater
2 2 2 2

than or equal to x and [x] = the greatest integer less than or equal to x, then
(A) S = R (B) S = R - Z (C) S = R – N (D) None of these
12. The number of solutions of |[x] – 2x| = 4, where [x] is the greatest integer ≤ x, is
 (A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 1 (D) infinite
13. 4  [ x]   [ x]  1  7 has {[ ]→ integral part}
2 2

(A) no solution (B) two solutions (C) 4 solutions (D) None of these
14. No. of pairs of (x, y) satisfying [x]2 + {y}2 = 3 will ([ ] & { } are integral & fractional parts)
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) finitely many (D) infinitely many
15. If [x] = the greatest integer less than or equal to x, and (x) = the least integer greater than or equal to x,
and [x]2 + (x)2 > 25 then x belongs to
(A) [3, 4] (B) (-∞, 4] (C) ( ,  4] [4,  ) (D) None of
these
The solution set of ( x)  ( x  1)  25, where (x) is the nearest integer than or equal to x, is
2 2
16.
(A) (2, 4) (B) ( 5,  4] (2, 3] (C) ( 4,  3] (3, 4] (D)
None of these
17. Number of solutions of [x] + [x] = 2x in x  [ 1, 1] will be
(A) zero (B) one (C) two (D) None of these
18. [x + [x + [x]]] ≤ 3 then value of x lie in the interval
(A) (-∞, 0) (B) (-∞, 1) (C) (-∞, 2) (D) None of these
(i) [| x |]  [| y |]  1 (ii) [ x]  [ y ]  1 (iii) [| x |] [| y |]  2
2 2
19. Solve for (x, y)
20. Solve the equation | 2 x  1|  3[ x]  2{x}
21. Prove that if x, y  [0, 1) then prove that [2x] + [2y] ≥ [x] + [y] + [x + y]
22. Prove that [x + y] ≤ [x] + [y] + 1
23. Let [a] denote the greatest integer less than or equal to a. Given that the quadratic equation
x 2  [a 2  5a  b  4]x  b  0 has roots – 5 and 1, find all the values of a.
24. Prove that [ x]  [5 x ]  [10 x]  [20 x]  36k  35( k  l ) cannot have any real solutions.
25. For every positive integer n, prove that 4n  1  n  n  1  4n  3 Hence or otherwise,
prove that [ n  n  1]  [ 4n  1] . Where [x] denotes the greatest integer not exceeding x. s
 1  2  1
(i) [ x]  x 
26. Prove that
 3    x  3   [3x] (ii) [ x]  x 
 2 
 [2 x]

[ x]  3 [ x]  1
27. Solve   1; (where [ ] denotes integral part)
[ x]  2 [ x]  3
Solve the equation x  4 x  [ x]  3  0
2
28.
 x   x  1
29. Prove for every real + ve x,
 2    2   [ x] . Hence or otherwise prove that
 n  1  n  2   n  4   n  8 
 2    4    8    16   ............. till ∞.  n  n  N
30. Solve the following equations for x.
(A) x  3  {x} (B) x  [ x]  4  0
2 2

31. Solve for x 3x  x[ x]  x 2  3[ x]  0

1 1 1
32. Prove that inequality 2 n  1  2  1    .........   2 n n  N , Hence or
2 3 n
 1 1 1 
otherwise calculate 1    ........  
 2 3 3600 
33. Consider two integers x, y such that 1 < x, y < 9, A, B, C are A.M., G.M., H.M. of x & y. A two digit
number N is formed by using digits x & y. A number M is formed by interchanging the position of
digits x, y in N.
N N N N
Let
 A   16,  B   20, 
  A  2    B then show that N – M + 10 = ABC
A B
 1 1 1
34. Find all x satisfying   {x} 
[ x] [2 x] 3

1
35. Solve the equations, y   sinx   sinx   sinx    and  y   y    2cos x where [. ] denotes
3 
greatest integer function less than or equal to 𝑥.
36. Find the integral solution of the equation[𝑥][𝑦] = 𝑥 + 𝑦. Where [. ] denotes greatest integer
function less than or equal to 𝑥. Also show that all the non-integral solution lie on exactly two
lines. Determine these lines.
37. If f  x   cosx cos  x  2   cos  x  1  where [. ] denotes greatest integer function less than or equal
2

to 𝑥. The solution of the equation 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 is

(a) 1 (b)-1 (c) 0 (d)none
38. The number of solutions of 2{𝑥 } − 1 = 𝑛𝑥 where 𝑛𝑥 ∈ (2, ∞) and {.} represents fractional part of
𝑥. is/are
(a)1 (b)0 (c)2 (d)none
𝜋𝑥
39. The +ve values of ‘a’ for which the equation [𝑥 + 𝑎] = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 will have no solution is. where [. ] denotes
2
greatest integer function less than or equal to 𝑥.
(a) (0,1) (b) (1,2) (c) (0,2) (d)none
40. Total no of solutions of [𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥] + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 0, where [. ] denotes greatest integer function less than or
equal to 𝑥. for 𝑥 ∈ [0,100𝜋]
(a) 100 (b) 50 (c) 25 (d)none

ANSWERS [USEFUL CONCEPTS - III]

1. (i) x   (ii) x < 4
(iii) x ≥ 4 (iv) x ≥ 6
(v) 3 ≤ x < 5 (vi) x < 6 (vii) -9 ≤ x < -5 (viii) x ≥ -5

(xi) x < -5 (x) xl

2. (A) 9 ≤ x < 16 (B) x  ( 6,  5] [ 5, 6) (C) x l
(D) n + 1/2
(E) 1 ≤ x < 3 (F) ( , 2) [4, ) (G) [1, 3) (H) -1/3 ≤ x
<0
(I) 0 (J) x  3 x , 4 (K) ( 4,  3] [3, 4)
(L) [ 2,  1) [2,3) (M) 0 (N) x ≥ n (O) x < n
(P) [-2, 4) (Q) [-1, 6)
3. (d) 4. (b) 5. (i)  (ii) [1, 3) 6.
(d)
7. (b) 8. (b) 9. (a) (b) (c)
10. (c) 11. (b) 12. (b)
13. (a) 14. (a) 15. (c)
16. (b) 17. (d) 18. (c)
53 5 5 3 5
20. 1/4 23. (1, ] [ , 6) 27. (, 0) [5,  )
2 2

1  21
28.  30. (a) (b)  2, 6 31. x < 3 ≠ 1
2

19 29 97
32. 118 34. , ,
6 12 24
35. no solution. 36.inegral solution are (2,2) and (0,0), non integral solutions lie on the
lines 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 6. 37.b 38.b 39.a 40.d