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Newtons 2nd Law in Terms of Momentum

Newton's second law of motion states that the net force acting on an object is equal to the rate of change of momentum. This law implies that a net force causes an object to accelerate in the direction of the force, and the acceleration is directly proportional to the force and inversely proportional to the mass. The unit of force is the newton, which is defined as the force required to give a 1 kg mass an acceleration of 1 m/s².

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12 views8 pages

Newtons 2nd Law in Terms of Momentum

Newton's second law of motion states that the net force acting on an object is equal to the rate of change of momentum. This law implies that a net force causes an object to accelerate in the direction of the force, and the acceleration is directly proportional to the force and inversely proportional to the mass. The unit of force is the newton, which is defined as the force required to give a 1 kg mass an acceleration of 1 m/s².

Uploaded by

tebogorachidi3
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Newton’s second law of motion.

Sir Isaac Newton developed the Second law of motion


– derived from the resultant force applied and the
change in momentum of the object.
N.B. Def:
Newton’s Second law of Motion:
The net force acting on an object is equal to the rate of
change of momentum.
i.e. Resultant force = Change in momentum
time taken
Newton 2

Fres = ∆p Newton's second law experiment Click here


∆t
Net force & ∆ in momentum
A net force causes an object’s motion to change and
produces an acceleration.

Since its velocity is changing, its momentum also


changes.

A net force thus produces a change


in momentum of the object.

The momentum will thus only


change if there is a net force
acting on the object.
Find the resultant or net force and then
the acceleration
Alternative for Newton 2
Fres = ∆p = mvf – mvi
∆t t

vf – vi = a
and
t This is only
applicable if the
then Fres = ma mass is constant.
When a resultant force acts on an object, the object
accelerates in the direction of the resultant force. The
acceleration is directly proportional to the resultant
force and inversely proportional to the mass.
Resultant forces on a moving car
The newton – unit of force
From the equation Fres = ma and using the SI units for
m and a, we see that a certain force gives a 1 kg mass
an acceleration of 1 m∙s-2.
This unit of force is called the newton (abbreviation: N.)

N.B. Def.: The newton.


A newton is the resultant force required to give a
mass of 1 kg an acceleration of 1 m∙s-2.
Weight – also a force
Since all objects fall with an acceleration due to
gravity of 9,8 m∙s-2 towards the earth, the
equation Fres = ma becomes:
Force of gravity on other planets
Fg = mg
where Fg = weight of object.
A soccer ball is placed on a scale and
is found to have a mass of 0,5 kg.
Measuring mass in space
Find it’s weight.

Now determine your own weight.


It sounds strange to express your weight in newton.
Newton’s second law of motion.
This 2000 kg hot rod moves
from 20 m∙s-1 to 30 m∙s-1 in 5s.
Find the resultant force applied
by the car engine.
Fres = ∆p = mvf – mvi
∆t t
= (2000 x 30) – (2000 x 20) kg∙m∙s-1
5s

= 4 000 N in direction of motion.


Net force on a ball

All forces acting on a ball=368


Impulse – derived from Newton 2
From Newton’s second law Fres = ∆p = mvf – mvi
∆t t
We can derive the equation Fres.∆t = mvf – mvi

Fres.∆t is called the impulse of a force.

Impulse is = ∆ momentum
Thus: Fres.∆t = ∆p
Impulse

When a force is applied to an object for a short


space of time it will bring about a change in
momentum of the object. Crash test dummy in a car

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