1

1 Respiration is one of the characteristics of living things.

State the names of three other characteristics of living things.

1 ...............................................................................................................................................

2 ...............................................................................................................................................

3 ............................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 3]

2 Sensitivity is one of the characteristics of all living organisms.

Define the term sensitivity.

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.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

3 The kidney is one of the main excretory organs of the body.

Define the term excretion.

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.............................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]

4 Which process releases water and energy?

A aerobic respiration
B osmosis
C photosynthesis
D protein synthesis
[1]

[Total: 1]
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5 The plant Mimosa pudica has leaves that fold in when touched.

This demonstrates movement and which other characteristic?

A excretion
B growth
C nutrition
D sensitivity
[1]

[Total: 1]

6 During pregnancy the baby grows and develops.

Explain the difference between growth and development.

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.................................................................................................................................................. [4]

[Total: 4]

7 Define the term species.

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.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]
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8 The photograph is of the myriapod, Apheloria virginiensis.

State the genus name and kingdom name for the myriapod shown in the photograph.

genus .......................................................................................................................................

kingdom ................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]
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9 The Hawaiian happy-face spider, Theridion grallator, is found on several of the Hawaiian islands.
Some of the spiders have a very distinctive pattern on their bodies as shown in the photograph.

DNA can be extracted from the webs of spiders. This DNA can be used to identify the species of
spider that made the web, and the species of prey caught in the web.

Explain how DNA extracted from spider webs can be used to identify different species.

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.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

10 The diagram below shows four different animals.

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not to scale

(a) Classify each animal into its correct group choosing words from this list.

Write your answers in the ‘group’ column of the table below.

amphibian bird fish insect mammal mollusc reptile

One example has been completed for you.

group feature 1 feature 2

A amphibian has a backbone has slimy skin

[1]
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(b) Using phrases from the list, complete the table above by adding two features of each animal
group, as shown for amphibians.

You may use each feature once, more than once or not at all.

has no backbone has a backbone has feathers has fur

has gills has scaly skin has slimy skin has a shell

has 8 legs has 6 legs

[3]

[Total: 4]

11 Flowering plants can be divided into two groups: monocotyledons and eudicotyledons (dicotyledons).

Complete the table below to state the differences between these two types of flowering plants. An
example has been done for you.

eudicotyledons
difference monocotyledons
(dicotyledons)

number of cotyledons in the seed 1 2

pattern of leaf veins

number of petals present

[4]

[Total: 4]
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12 Many living organisms can be classified as plants or animals.

The table shows some features of animals and plants.

Place ticks (✓) in the boxes to show the correct features of animals and plants.

feature animals plants

can respire

can grow

can make their own food

contain DNA

can respond to changes in their

environment

[5]

[Total: 5]

13 The table shows the names of three groups of arthropods and some of their characteristics.

Place ticks (✓) in the boxes to show the characteristics present in each group.

arthropod group
characteristic
arachnids crustaceans myriapods

four pairs of legs

one pair of antennae

body divided into two main parts

[3]

[Total: 3]
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14 Diagram A is a branching key that can be used to identify different types of crustaceans.

diagram A
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Diagram B shows six crustaceans.

Use the key in diagram A to identify the six different types of crustacean.

Write the letters on the lines in diagram B.

diagram B

[5]

[Total: 5]
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15 The diagram shows leaves from five different species of tree.

Use the key to identify each tree species in the diagram.

Write the letter of each tree species (A, B, C, D, E) in the correct box beside the key.

1 (a) multiple narrow, needle-like leaves go to 2

(b) single leaf which is not needle-like go to 3

2 (a) leaves are evenly spread along the branch Juniperus communis

(b) leaves start from a single point Cedrus deodara

3 (a) leaf has an unlobed smooth edge Frangula alnus

(b) leaf has a lobed edge go to 4

4 (a) lobes have a smooth, rounded edge Quercus robur

(b) lobes have a jagged, irregular edge Acer pseudoplatanus

[4]

[Total: 4]
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16 Keys can be used to identify a species.

The diagram shows drawings of six different birds and their names.

Use the key to identify the birds in the diagram.

Complete the table by writing the letters of the birds A to F in the correct box.

key letter of bird

(a) beak is longer than the head go to 2

1
(b) beak is shorter than the head go to 3

(a) beak curves upwards C

2
(b) beak does not curve upwards go to 4

(a) top part of the beak is hooked over the bottom part of the beak go to 5
3
(b) top part of the beak is not hooked over the bottom part of the beak E

(a) top part of the beak is shorter than bottom part of the A
4
(b) beak has a large projection above the beak B

(a) head has a stripe F

5
(b) head does not have a stripe D
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name of bird in diagram letter of the bird in the key

Ammodramus bairdii

Buceros rhinoceros

Pandion haliaetus

Haliaeetus leucocephalus

Rynchops niger

Recurvirostra avosetta

[5]

[Total: 5]
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17 The diagram shows six species of reptiles.

Use the key to identify each species. Write the letter of each species (A–F) in the correct empty
box beside the key.
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1 (a) organism has a shell (hard covering on its back) go to 2

(b) organism does not have a shell go to 3

2 (a) organism has flat limbs (flippers) Caretta caretta

(b) organism has legs and feet Chelonoidis nigra

3 (a) organism has limbs go to 4

(b) organism has a long body and no limbs Crotalus viridis

4 (a) organism has ridges on its back go to 5

(b) organism has no ridges on its back Varanus bengalensis

5 (a) organism has a coiled tail Chamaeleo calyptratus

(b) organism has a straight tail Alligator mississippiensis

[5]

[Total: 5]
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18 The diagram shows a plant cell.

The boxes on the left contain the letters that identify some parts of the plant cell in the diagram.
The boxes on the right show the functions of some parts of a cell.
Draw five lines to link each letter to its correct function.

letter from
function
diagram

contains the genetic material

controls which substances enter and leave the cell

filled with sap to support the cell

strengthens the cell

transports nerve impulses

where photosynthesis occurs

[5]

[Total: 5]
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19 The diagram shows a spongy mesophyll cell from the leaf of a plant. The arrows show the net
direction of movement of carbon dioxide molecules during daylight.

The table shows:

• the functions of some of the structures in plant cells

• some of the names of the structures where these functions occur
• some of the letters that label these structure in the diagram.
Complete the table.

letter in
function structure
diagram

nucleus

chloroplast

aerobic respiration

contains cell sap and stores water

[5]

[Total: 5]
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20 The diagram is of Vibrio cholerae, the bacterium that causes cholera.

plasmid
DNA

ribosomes

capsule

cell wall

cytoplasm

flagellum

Describe two similarities and two differences between a palisade mesophyll cell and the bacterial
cell shown in the diagram.

similarity 1 ................................................................................................................................

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similarity 2 ................................................................................................................................

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difference 1 ..............................................................................................................................

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difference 2 ..............................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [4]

[Total: 4]
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21 Baker’s yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a single-celled organism that is classified in the

kingdom Fungi.

The diagram is a drawing of a section through a yeast cell.

G B

F
C

1 μm

The table shows some cell functions.

Complete the table by naming the cell structure responsible for each cell function and give the letter
that identifies each cell structure in the diagram.

cell function cell structure letter from diagram

storage of genes

aerobic respiration

amino acids are assembled to

make protein

[3]

[Total: 3]
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22 Xylem tissue is used for transport and support in plants.

Describe how the structure of xylem tissue is adapted for these functions.

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.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]

23 The table shows the levels of organisation in living organisms and some examples.

Place ticks ( ✓ ) in the boxes to show the correct level of organisation for each example.

level of organisation
example
cell tissue organ organ system organism

circulatory

epidermis

pancreas

tree

sperm

[5]

[Total: 5]
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24 Gametes are involved in sexual reproduction.

The diagram shows the human gametes.

State the names of structures A, B, C, D and E shown in the diagram.

A ..............................................................................................................................................

B ..............................................................................................................................................

C ..............................................................................................................................................

D ..............................................................................................................................................

E ............................................................................................................................................... [5]

[Total: 5]

25 The diagram below shows the lower surface of a leaf as seen under a microscope.
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× 400

(a) (i) JK shows the length of the stoma in the diagram above.

Measure the length of JK.

length of JK ....................................................................................................mm [1]

(ii) Calculate the actual length of the stoma.

Show your working.

actual length of stoma ....................................................................................mm [2]

[Total: 3]

26 A parasite is an organism that obtains its nutrients from another living organism (the host).

The diagram below shows the parasitic plant dodder, Cuscuta epithymum, growing on the host
plant, gorse, Ulex sp. The flower and stems belong to the dodder. This plant does not have leaves
or roots, and obtains its nutrients and water from the gorse.
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dodder flower

dodder stem

gorse

(a) Suggest how dodder obtains minerals from the gorse.

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........................................................................................................................................... [1]
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(b) The structure that dodder uses to make contact with the gorse is called haustorium. The width
of the haustorium is marked by the line MN on the diagram below.

stem of
gorse

M N

stem of
dodder

× 50

Measure the length of MN.

.............................................. mm [1]
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(c) Calculate the actual width of the haustorium (MN).

Show your working.

actual width ........................... mm [2]

[Total: 4]

27 The table shows some of the features of diffusion, osmosis and active transport.

Place ticks ( ✓ ) in the boxes to show the correct features of each process.

takes place against substances can

requires energy always involves the
a concentration cross the cell
from respiration movement of water
gradient membrane

diffusion

osmosis

active transport

[4]

[Total: 4]

28 The diagram shows the concentration of oxygen inside and outside an animal cell.
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X
outside inside
cell cell

oxygen
molecule

(a) (i) Draw an arrow on the diagram to show the net direction of movement of the oxygen
molecules.

[1]

(ii) State the name of the process represented by the arrow you have drawn on the diagram.

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................................................................................................................................ [1]

[Total: 2]
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29 The diagram is a drawing representing the movement of molecules into and out of an animal cell.

The number of dots represent the concentrations of molecules inside and outside the cell.

The arrows show the direction of movement of the molecules.

State the letter(s) that represent the movement of:

molecules by active transport ....................

molecules by diffusion .................... [2]

[Total: 2]
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30 Some substances move into cells by the process of diffusion.

Substances can also move by osmosis and active transport.

The table shows some of the features of diffusion, osmosis and active transport.

Complete the table by placing one tick (✓) in each row to show the features of diffusion,
osmosis and active transport.

One has been done for you.

active
feature diffusion osmosis
transport

involves movement of water

✓
only

always involves movement

across a partially permeable
membrane

movement is from a higher

solute concentration to a
lower solute concentration

requires energy from

respiration

involves the movement of

both gases and solutes

[4]

[Total: 4]
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31 The table lists some processes carried out by living organisms.

Place a tick (✓) in a box to show the type of process that occurs in animals, occurs in plants, or
occurs in both.

An example has been done for you.

name of process occurs in occurs in

animals plants

absorption ✓ ✓

diffusion

egestion

photosynthesis

respiration

sexual reproduction

transpiration

[6]

[Total: 6]
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32 Carbon dioxide enters plant cells by diffusion.

The word diffusion on the left can be joined to two boxes on the right to make two correct statements
about diffusion.

Draw two straight lines from diffusion to the boxes to complete the two statements.

[2]

[Total: 2]
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33 Complete the table below to show which statements are true for diffusion and which are true for
osmosis. Use a tick (✓) if it is true or a cross (✗) if it is false.

Complete all eight boxes.

statement diffusion osmosis

must involve a partially permeable membrane

involves the movement of gases and solutes

is a result of the random movement of particles

requires energy from respiration

[4]

[Total: 4]

34 A student used a potato as a source of plant tissue. The student cut six cylinder-shaped pieces
from the potato. Each potato cylinder had the same diameter.

Each potato cylinder was immersed in either water or one of five different concentrations of sugar
solution.

The student measured the length of the potato cylinders before immersion and after being immersed
for 30 minutes.

The table shows the results.

concentration of sugar length of potato cylinder length of potato cylinder change in length of
solution before immersion after immersion potato cylinder
3
/ mol per dm / mm / mm / mm

0.0 49.5 52.0 + 2.5

0.2 50.0 52.0 + 2.0

0.4 50.5 51.5 + 1.0

0.6 50.5 51.0 + 0.5

0.8 50.0 49.0

1.0 50.0 49.5 - 1.5

Use the information in the table to calculate the change in length of the potato cylinder immersed
3
in the 0.8 mol per dm sugar solution.

................................................... m m [1]

[Total: 1]
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35 A student used a potato as a source of plant tissue. The student cut six cylinder-shaped pieces
from the potato.

Each potato cylinder had the same diameter. Each potato cylinder was immersed in either water
or one of five different concentrations of sugar solution.

The student measured the length of the potato cylinders before immersion and after being immersed
for 30 minutes.

The table shows the results.

concentration of sugar length of potato cylinder length of potato cylinder change in length of
solution before immersion after immersion potato cylinder
3
/ mol per dm / mm / mm / mm

0.0 49.5 52.0 + 2.5

0.2 50.0 52.0 + 2.0

0.4 50.5 51.5 + 1.0

0.6 50.5 51.0 + 0.5

0.8 50.0 49.0 - 1.0

1.0 50.0 48.5 - 1.5

Use the information in the table to calculate the percentage increase in length of the potato cylinder
3
immersed in the 0.2 mol per dm sugar solution.

.......................................................% [2]

[Total: 2]
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36 A student used a potato as a source of plant tissue. The student cut six cylinder-shaped pieces
from the potato. Each potato cylinder had the same diameter.

Each potato cylinder was immersed in either water or one of five different concentrations of sugar
solution.

The student measured the length of the potato cylinders before immersion and after being immersed
for 30 minutes.

The table shows the results.

concentration of sugar length of potato cylinder length of potato cylinder change in length of
solution before immersion after immersion potato cylinder
3
/ mol per dm / mm / mm / mm

0.0 49.5 52.0 + 2.5

0.2 50.0 52.0 + 2.0

0.4 50.5 51.5 + 1.0

0.6 50.5 51.0 + 0.5

0.8 50.0 49.0 - 1.0

1.0 50.0 48.5 - 1.5

Describe the expected change in appearance of a potato cell that was immersed in a
3
1.0 mol per dm sugar solution.

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..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

37 A student used a potato as a source of plant tissue. The student cut six cylinder-shaped pieces
from the potato. Each potato cylinder had the same diameter.

Each potato cylinder was immersed in either water or one of five different concentrations of sugar
solution.

The student measured the length of the potato cylinders before immersion and after being immersed
for 30 minutes.

State the name of the process that causes water to enter or leave the potato cells.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
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38 Chloride ions move along the pancreatic duct.

CFTR proteins in the cells lining the pancreatic duct move chloride ions out of the cells into the
duct.

The diagram shows a cell from the lining of the pancreatic duct showing the location and activity
of CFTR proteins.

The movement of chloride ions into the pancreatic duct causes water to move from the cells into
the duct to help the flow of liquid in the duct.

Explain how water moves from the cell shown in the diagram into the pancreatic duct.

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.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]
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39 Diagram 1 shows a plant cell after it has been in a solution of glucose for fifteen minutes.

diagram 1

The plant cell in diagram 1 was then placed in distilled water.

Diagram 2 shows the appearance of the cell after fifteen minutes in distilled water.

diagram 2

Explain why the plant cell changed when it was placed in distilled water.

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.................................................................................................................................................. [3]
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[Total: 3]

40 Plant roots absorb mineral ions by active transport.

Define the term active transport.

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.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]