INTRODUCTION AND DESIGN OF THE STUDY

1.1 INTRODUCTION

1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

1.5 REVIWE OF THE STUDY

1.6 METHODOLOGY

1.6.1 SAMPLE

1.6.2 DATA COLLECTION

1.7 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF CONCEPT

1.8 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

1.9 PERIOD OF THE STUDY

1.10 CHAPTER SCHEME

1.11 CONCLUSION
 SOCIO-ECONOMIC OF SELF HELP GROUP IN TENKASI

1.1 INTRODUCTION :

A self help group is a small economically homogeneous affinity group of the rural poor
voluntarily coming to gather to save small amount regularly. Which are deposited in common
fund to meet member emergency needs and to provide collateral free loans decided by the group.

A self help group is a financial intermediary committee usually composed of 12 to 25

local women between the ages of 18 to 50. Most self – help groups are in India.

A SHG is generally a group of people who work on daily wages who from a loose
grouping or union. money is collected from those who are able to donate and given to members
In need.

A SHG members may also make small regular saving contribution over a few months
until there is enough money in the group to begin lending. Funds may then be lent back to the
members or to others in the village for any purpose. In India, many SHGs are linked with banks
for the delivery of micro- credit.

1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY :

To provide micro- finance to group is normally the primary objective of a self help group.
These group aim to facilitate the process of self –empowerment.
A self -help group is a financial intermediary committee usually composed of 10 to 12
local women or men.
To find out problem faced by SHG members in surandai.
The basic objective of the self help groups’ is to organize the rural poor, in particular,
women, into small groups so that they can pool in their savings.
To collect savings of their members.
To provide loans without collateral.
1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM :

Self help group have assumed greater importance, which is considered as the most
necessary tool to adopt participatory approach for the social, economical, marketing and
financial improvement of women, this study revealed that lack of formal education, family
responsibilities as their major.

Rural women are the most marginalized community, which keep them away from formal
financial sources and social activities. Microcredit is the most powerful tool for women
empowerment and facilitate them to meet their life cycle requirements. Microcredit help them to
access monetary services in a better manner.

The concept of microcredit put in to practice through self help groups, where members
started to pool up their small savings and distribute funds among members with low interest.
Microcredit movements give opportunities to poor women through their concerned SHGs to
participate in income generating and several social activities.

It help poor people in the backward areas to come forward and enjoy
better living conditions. In this situation an evaluation is required for assessing the impact of
microcredit. Hence the present study is attempted to understand the problem faced by SHG
women empowerment in Tenkasi.

1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

Training camps for the women in the SHGs on various topics such as, how to handle
the financial matters should be organized.
Now there is a growing participation of women in the political activities in the rural
area.
In such situation, there is a growing need to develop leadership qualities in the women.
There is a need to impart training in entrepreneurship and marketing.
Training may be given on how various government schemes should successfully be
implemented to achieve the objective of rural development.
Training should be organized.
1.5 REVIWE OF THE STUDY

In this chapter the reviews of some suitable literature on self-help group are
understand their outcomes and relate them with the research objectives. This research is to study
the effect of self-help group on SHG member’s standard of living and study the economical and
social status of SHG members within their family. This study also tries to understand the
economical and social status of SHG members in the society. The Literature review is also going
to discuss the impact of SHGs on the rural women to create social awareness among SHG
members and to study political participation of SHG members.

1.6 METHODOLOGY

Though NGOs and government institutes are promoting SHGs on a large scale, it is
necessary to choose the sample properly. The information regarding institutes that are promoting
SHGs was collected. After that the sample was designed.

1.6.1 SAMPLE

It was random sampling. 75 SHG’s from Tenkasi districts selected randomly. Through
this process, tenkasi districts was covered. Data wereas collected using questionnaires for
interviews of the heads of the groups. Number of interviews with 75 groups and with 75 heads
of the groups.

1.6.2 DATA COLLECTION

The questionnaires are based on economic activities, income production, empowerment

indicators like political participation, decision making leadership qualities etc.

1.7 OPERATIONAL DEFINITON OF CONCEPTS

Self help group are informal association of people who come together to find ways to
improve their living conditions. They are generally self-governed and peer-controlled.
 People of similar economic and social backgrounds associate generally with the help of
any NGO or government agency and try to resolve their issues, and improve their living
conditions.

1.8 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

No study is without limitations so do this study is. As the study made use of both
source for collection of data so collecting published data for a specific geographical area for a
particular time span posed a big hurdle. Gathering information from nearly illiterate respondents
was a tedious task. Respondents were reluctant to answer some of the questions related to
income and assets and in relationship questions women hesitated to respond.

1.9 PERIOD OF THE STUDY

The field survey year is 2021-2022 in which data have been collected from SHG
members and leaders.

1.10 CHAPTER SCHEME

The research work will be including five chapters. These chapters will encompass the
following portions:

The first chapter deals with ” Introduction and design of the study”.

The second chapter deals with profile of the self help group.

The third and fourth chapter deal with analysis and interpretation.

Finally the fifth chapter deals with the findings and conclusions of the study.

1.11 CONCLUTION

Women’s groups are generally found to perform better. They are better in savings and
they usually ensure better and use of loans. This makes it easier for the memberas to interact
freely with each other, if members are both from rich as well as poor class, the poor may hardly
get an opportunity to express themselves.
 CHAPTER –II

PROFILE OF THE

STUDY
 PROFILE OF THE STUDY

2.1 INTRODUCTION

The majority of world’s people are living in the rural areas of the third world countries.
They have been engaged in agriculture earing a subsistence wage. The World Bank has recently
estimated that 780 million people have been living in absolute poverty in the third world. About
eighty-present of the poor live in the country side are small famers and land less laborers

Economic growth of a country is measured using the indicator of GNP. The economic
development is the economic growth plus social justice. Rural development id the social
economic development of rural area of the entire rural economic. Rural development is a multi-
dimensional concept. It may not be possible in a study of this kind consider all of most of the
contributing factors to the development of rural economy.

2.2 MEMBERSHIP

From one family, only one person can become a member of an SHG. (More families
can join SHGs this way.)
 The group normally consists of either only men or of only women. Mixed groups are
generally not preferred. Women’s groups are generally found to perform better.
(They are better in savings and they usually ensure proper use of loans.)

Members should have the same social and financial background. (Advantage: This
makes it easier for the members to interact freely with each other. If members are
both from rich as well as poor class, the poor may hardly get an opportunity to
express themselves.)

Some Common factors for Membership in an SHG

o Women/men from very poor households.

o Those who depend on moneylenders even for daily necessities.

o Those with a per capita income not exceeding Rs. 250 per month.

o Those having dry land holding not exceeding 2.5 acres.

o Common living conditions for the Group Members.(e.g.) Living in kutcha

houses, Having no access to safe drinking water, Presence of illiterate adults
in the family etc.

2.3 GROUP MEETING

The group should meet regularly. Ideally, the meetings should be weekly or at least
monthly. (Advantage: They become closer, if they meet regularly. This helps them to
understand each other’s difficulties better.)
Compulsory attendance: Full attendance in all the group meetings will make it easy for
the SHG to stabilize and start working to the satisfaction of all.
Membership register, minutes register etc., are to be kept up to date by the group by
making the entries regularly. (Advantage: This helps you to know about the SHG easily.
It also helps to build trust among the SHG members).
2.4 FINANCE

To supplement the group fund, an amount of Rs.150/- per members is to be collected

initially on group formation, which will be in addition to the group savings. This will cover the
cost of stationery, rubber stamps, register, postage etc. After six months another one-time
collection of Rs.100/- is also to be made.

The member of the group should also contribute a minimum of Rs.100 per month member
as Group Maintenance Fund. This could be utilized for certain minor purposed like TA for bank
visits, purchase of stationery items etc.

The group would also receive a three-year support to the group maintenance fund for
enabling the group to meet costs of travel/food to attend BLCC meeting,auditor’s fees for annual
auditingof accounts, attending other meeting, payment of honorarium to animator, etc.

2.5 Functions of Self Help Groups

They try to build the functional capacity of poor and marginalised sections of society in
the domain of employment and income-generating activities.

They offer collateral-free loans to sections of people that generally find it hard to get
loans from banks.

They also resolve conflicts via mutual discussions and collective leadership.

They are an important source of microfinance services to the poor.

They act as a go-through for formal banking services to reach the poor, especially in rural
areas.

They also encourage the habit of saving among the poor.

One of the chief reasons for rural poverty is the lack of access or limited access to credit
and financial services.
 The Rangarajan Committee Report highlighted four major reasons for lack of financial
inclusion in India. They are:

o Inability to give collateral security

o Weak credit absorption capacity

o The insufficient reach of institutions

o Weak community network

It is being recognised that one of the most important elements of credit linkage in rural
areas is the prevalence of sound community networks in Indian villages.

SHGs play a vital role in giving credit access to the poor and this is extremely crucial in
poverty alleviation.

They also play a great role in empowering women because SHGs help women from
economically weaker sections build social capital.

Financial independence through self-employment opportunities also helps improve other

development factors such as literacy levels, improved healthcare and better family
planning.

2.6 Advantages of Self Help Groups

Financial Inclusion – SHGs incentivise banks to lend to poor and marginalised sections
of society because of the assurance of returns.

Voice to marginalised – SHGs have given a voice to the otherwise underrepresented and
voiceless sections of society.

Social Integrity – SHGs help eradicate many social ills such as dowry, alcoholism, early
marriage, etc.

Gender Equality – By empowering women SHGs help steer the nation towards true
gender equality.
 Pressure Groups – SHGs act as pressure groups through which pressure can be mounted
on the government to act on important issues.

Enhancing the efficiency of government schemes – SHGs help implement and improve
the efficiency of government schemes. They also help reduce corruption through social
audits.

Alternate source of livelihood/employment – SHGa help people earn their livelihood by

providing vocational training, and also help improve their existing source of livelihood
by offering tools, etc. They also help ease the dependency on agriculture.

Impact on healthcare and housing – Financial inclusion due to SHGs has led to better
family planning, reduced rates of child mortality, enhanced maternal health and also
helped people fight diseases better by way of better nutrition, healthcare facilities and
housing.

Banking literacy – SHGs encourage people to save and promote banking literacy among
the rural segment.

2.7 Problems of Self-Help Groups (SHGs)

Need for extending this idea into the poorest families, which is not necessarily the case at
present.

Patriarchal mindset prevailing which prevents many women from coming forward.

There are about 1.2 lakh branches of banks in rural areas as opposed to 6 lakh villages in
the country. There is a need to expand banking amenities further.

Sustainability and the quality of operations of such groups have been questionable.

There is a need for monitoring cells to be established for SHGs across the country.

The SHGs work on mutual trust. The deposits are not safe or secure.
2.8 Way Forward for Effective Self-Help Groups

The Government should create a supportive environment for the growth and
development of the SHG movement. It should play the role of a facilitator and
promoter.
SHG Movement should be expanded to Credit Deficient Areas of the Country –
such as Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, States of the North-East.
Financial infrastructure should be expanded (including that of NABARD) by
adopting extensive IT-enabled communication and capacity building measures in
these States.
Extension of Self-Help Groups to Urban/Peri-Urban Areas – efforts should be
made to increase income generation abilities of the urban poor as there has been a
rapid rise in urbanization and many people remain financially excluded.
Government functionaries should treat the poor and marginalized as viable and
responsible customers and as possible entrepreneurs.
SHG monitoring cell should be established in every state. The cell should have
direct links with district and block level monitoring system. The cell should
collect both quantitative and qualitative information.
Commercial Banks and NABARD in collaboration with the State Government
need to continuously innovate and design new financial products for these groups
to meet their needs.

2.9 Savings and Thrift:

All SHG members regularly save a small amount. The amount may be small, but
savings have to be a regular and continuous habit with all the members.

“Savings first — Credit later” should be the motto of every SHG member.

SHG members take a step towards self-dependence when they start small savings.
They learn financial discipline through savings and internal lending. (Advantage:
This is useful when they use bank loans.)
2.10 Relevance and centrality

With SHGs, credit and savings transactions bind members together and make the
SHG an integral part of members’ lives. This connect tends to get weaker at a
higher-level institution like the federation, particularly if the federation has
consciously decided not to be a financial institution. In the absence of day-to-day
transactions and tangible services, the member connect with the federation
weakens.
This is a chicken and egg situation. If the federation fails to offer something that
is ‘central’ and critical to members’ lives, the member tends to lose interest in the
affairs of the federation. The weaker the members’ connectivity is, the smaller the
chance of the federation understanding members’ needs and responding to those
needs.

2.11 SHG meeting process:

The group will conduct weekly meeting and all the members will sit in a round

manner.

The representatives and the bookkeeper will come to the meeting venue, 10

minutes before the commencement of the meeting.

As per rotation one member of the group will preside over the meeting and the

bookkeeper will sit by her side.

The representatives will hand over the records to the bookkeeper in the meeting

only.

All the members will participate and finalize the agenda for the meeting.

After prayer by the members, the bookkeeper will record the attendance of the

members.

The presiding member will conduct the meeting as per the meeting Agenda.
 The Bookkeeper will record the discussions and decisions as per the agenda in the

minute book.

The bookkeeper will write all the records in the meeting only.

The bookkeeper will read out the decisions item wise for the information of all the

members.

After collecting savings, Loan installments, and interest amounts from the

members, the group will sanction new loans by prioritizing emergency needs of

the members while giving preference to the poorest of the poor.

2.12 Need and Importance:

To record all the transactions of the SHG in a continuous manager enabling

members to understand them.

All decisions taken by the group will be known to the members from time to time

and will enable them to take always right decisions in future.

Bookkeeping will help in assessing the financial status of the group like member

savings, loans, members attendance, group fund, recovery percentage etc.

It helps in building confidence and unity among members.

It promotes institutional development by increasing the credit worthiness of the

group.

It enables the group to monitor its performance.

Good Bookkeeping arrangements will enable the scope of the group to attract

outside resources like Bank and other agencies.

Good Bookkeeping arrangements create transparency of its transaction to its

members leading to strengthening and sustainability of the group.

 It brings recognition to the group in the eyes of the public

institutions.Bookkeeping helps in rating of the group’s performance.

SELF HELP GROUP

Village Organisation Name : Bwda

Self Help Group : Vanitha Magalir Sangham

Name of the member : Ramya
Husband's Name : Sankar
Age : 42
Caste : BC
Address : 3/232,Thiruvalluvar Nagar, Surandai – 627859. Tenkasi
District.
Experience in Self Help Group : 20 years
Name of the program initiated : Agriculture, cow, Sheep, children's education and
daughter's wedding
Total Loan Amount : 1) Bank linkage: 2,00,000 / - 2) CIF: 25,000/
3) Streenidhi: 50,000/- 4) Internal Loan: 20,000
The debtor is a financially socially developed and living in society as a whole. Thus they
are living well and educated for their children.
The birthday ramya born in the family background is not all the humiliation suffered by
the poverty... The bank linkage, the CIF and the woman who has joined the Self Help Group in
the right time has taken advantage of the woman's internal liabilities. The sixteenth bore of farm
investing in the education of her son who decided that there was no profit resulting in her son's
talent found in the loan and taking her son to study higher studies. Her son, who completed the
MCI in Hyderabad, is also appreciative of her husband's return to the United States. She took
advantage of the loan to the needs of the society and all the women in the village were chosen as
the President of the Village Organisation
Everyone who struggled to at least pale in her poverty is trying to interact with her now.
Living in honor of four.
 CHAPTER III

CONCEPTUAL FRAME

WORK
3.1 INTRODUCTION:

SHGs have a long history in India and throughout South and Southeast Asia. Currently, the
largest and most well-know programme is the National Rural Livelihoods Mission, which aims
to mobilise 70 million housholds into SHGs in India.

The programme includes multiple components, starting from social mobilisation of

households to development of full-scale federations. The programme links across different
administrative levels from the Panchayati Raj Institutions to the state administration. The State
Rural Livelihood Mission is responsible for specific components are in change of handling
eligible expenditures. Since 2018, the National Rural Livelihoods Mission has received 5.1
billion USD in funding from the Government of India and 1 billion USD from the World Bank.

3.2 INFECTION CONTROL TRAINING:

The systematic review finds positive significant impacts of SHGs on

empowerment. This might be because these groups are more than just financial services. Of the
21 included SHGs, 10 included a training component. Qualitative synthesis suggests that group
support through training might have been the key factor in increasing women’s empowerment.
Quantitative synthesis also interventions that including a training component have stronger
effects on women’s economic empowerment and family size decision-making than groups that
do not include training. Although several confounding factors-such as differences in geography
or study samples across studies-could have biased the result, the triangulation of quantitative and
qualitative findings suggests that group support and training could be the key to improving the
effectiveness of women’s SHG programmes. While there are many ways to learn mindfulness,
we recommend the 8-week course format as the starting point, as it is the most widely-researched
and evidence-based approach. The 8-week format is also an opportunity to make a commitment
to showing up and building a regular practice over a series of weeks. It takes this kind of
repetition over time to form new patterns of thinking and habits. You will also find that learning
to mediate in a group with others and under the guidance of an experienced mindfulness teacher
will provide you with a good source of insight and support.
 Our 8-week course is based on the Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction
(MSBR) programme, originally developed by Jon Kabat-Zinn in the late 1970s, and includes
components of the related Mindfulness Based Congnitive Therapy (MBCT) programme that
explicitly address the negative thought patterns that can perpetuate stress and lead to depression
and anxiety.

3.3 MINDFULNESS BASED STRESS REDUCTION PROGRAM

This study compares a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction program to a video online

support group for adolescents with cardiac psdiagnoses. MBSR is a structured psycho-
educational program which includes yoga, meditation, cognitive restructuring, and group
support. A published feasibility study by our group showed significant reduction in anxiety
following this intervention. Participants were randomized to MBSR or video online support
group, and completed measures of anxiety, depression, illness-related stress, and coping pre-and
post-6-session interventions. Qualitative data were obtained from post-intervention interviews.
A total of 46 teens participated (Mean 14.8 years; 63% female). Participants had congenital heart
disease and or cardiac device (52%), or postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (48%).

3.4 SELF-HELP GROUP MONTH MEETING:

*The group should meet NATURE regularly. Ideally, the meeting should be weekly or
atleast monthly.(Advantage: They become closer, if they meet regularly. This helps them to
understand each other’s difficulties better.)

*Compulsory attendances: Full attendance in all the group meeting will make it easy for the
SHG to stabilize and starts working to the satisfaction of all.

*Membership register,minutes register etc., are to be kept up to date by making the entries
regularly.(Advantage: This helps you to know about the SHG easily. It also helps to bulid trust
among the SHG member.)

3.5 TRAINING PROGRAM:

Training Manual released by Nabard for Self Help Group formation. Written in a
simple and easy to understand format. The objective of the training is to enable the participants
to understand and put into the perspective for the need and justification of formation of Self-
Help Groups (SHGs) in a participatoryproject.SELF HELP GROUP Training
ProgrammeIntroduction: A Self Help Group is a group of women or men who work for the
capacity build… SELF HELP GROUP Training Programme Introduction: ASelf Help Group
is a group of 10-20 women or men who work for the capacity building of themselves.

3.6 SELF- HELP GROUP FOR MENTAL HEALTH:

For the purposes of the Mental Health Foundation’s mapping excise the following
definition was used:

“A self-help group is made up of people who have personal experience of a similar

issue or life situation, either directly or through their family and friends. Sharing experiences
enables them to give each other a unique quality of mutual support and to pool practical
information and ways of coping. Groups are usually run by and for their members, although we
know that some self-help groups may be facilitated by a paid or un-paid worker who may or may
not have the same personal experience”.

In Wallcraft’s (2003) research examining the mental health service user movement
in England, 300 local group took part in the survey. OF these , 79% of their activities relating to
consulting with decision makers and 69% being involvement in education and training.
Initially, the symbosium considered user groups and self-help groups as different entities,
however it seems many groups have as their most common activity the provision of mutual
support and practical advice, and see themselves as either a user group or as a self-help grou with
the definition varing according to hoe or where it is being used.

Research has explored the various ways in which groups might be defined.
Professor T. Borkman who has written much on the subject of self-help groups in the US, states
that there are three important ways in which groups differ, these are:

The extend to which they have developed an alternative organisational

structure to the conventional bureaucracy.
The extend to which their goals are primarily “therapeutic” to support
members or to include advocacy goals.
 The extend to which they co-operate with proffessionals and with
mainstream services.

3.7 OPPORTUNITIES:

SHGs often appear to be instrumental in rural poverty alleviation.

Economic empowerment through SHGs, provides women the confidence for participation
in decision making affairs at the household-level as well as at the community-level.
Un-utilised and underutilised resources of the community can be mobilised effectively
under different SHG-initiatives.
Leaders and members of successful SHGs bear the potentiality to act as resource persons
for different community developmental initiatives.
Active involvement in different SHG-initiatives helps members to grow leadership-skills.
Evidences also show that often women SHG leaders are chosen as potential candidates
for Panchayat Pradhans or representatives to Panchayati Raj Institution (PRI).

3.8 WEAKNESSES OF SHGS:

Members of a group do not come necessarily from the poorest families.

Though there has been social empowerment of the poor, the economic gain to bring about
a qualitative change in their life has not been satisfactory.
Many of the activities undertaken by the SHGs are still based on primitive skills related
mostly to primary sector enterprises. With poor value addition per worker and prevalence
of subsistence level wages, such activities often do not lead to any substantial increase in
the income of group members.
There is a lack of qualified resource personnel in the rural areas who could help in skill
upgradation or acquisition of new skills by group members. Further, institutional
mechanisms for capacity building and skill training have been lacking.
Poor accounting practices and incidents of misappropriation of funds.
Lack of resources and means to market their goods.
SHGs are heavily dependent on their promoter NGOs and government agencies. The
withdrawal of support often leads to their collapse.
3.9 CHALLENGES OF SHG:

Lack of knowledge and proper orientation among SHG-members to take up suitable and
profitable livelihood options.

Patriarchal mindset – primitive thinking and social obligations discourages women

from participating in SHGs thus limiting their economic avenues.

Lack of rural banking facilities – There are about 1.2 lakh bank branches and over 6
lakh villages. Moreover, many public sector banks and micro-finance institutions are
unwilling to provide financial services to the poor as the cost of servicing remains high.
Sustainability and the quality of operations of the SHGs have been a matter of
considerable debate.

No Security – The SHGs work on mutual trust and confidence of the members. The
deposits of the SHGs are not secured or safe. Only a minority of the Self-Help Groups are
able to raise themselves from a level of micro-finance to that of micro-entrepreneurship.

3.10 PROFESSIONALLY LED GROUP PSYCHOTHERAPY:

A survey of almost 1,100 mental health professionals found they

routinely viewed professionally led groups more positively then they did self-help groups on a
number of dimensions. Analyses suggested that the curative factor associated with professionally
led groups was valued over factors associated with self-help groups. The implications of the
findings are discussed, and an alternative framework for professionals’ evaluations of consumer-
initiated interventions suggested.

3.11 ABOUT GROUP PSYCHOTHERAPY :

The group psychotherapist

Who can benefit
The group therapy session
Commonly asked questions
About the american group psychotherapy associatiation
3.12 GROUP PROCESS:

Group processes in the classroom occur when peers engage in a common task and
can include a variety of both social and congnitive processes. The focus of this article is an
cooperative or collaborative groups of peers. Thus, group processes occur during peer learning.
The article describes a number of theoretical orientations toward peer learning that suggest
different explanatory mechanisms for effective peer learning. These orientations have different
implications for impotant decisions in the classroom. The relationship between what researchers
know about effective group processes and the use of knowledge by teachers is examined. Two
models for considering group processes are described which attempt to integrate the varying
theoretical orientations to peer learing. These models may make it possible to provide a better
linkage between empirical research and classroom practice.

CONCLUSIONS:

Self-help group is a usefull platform to enhance women’s health through

increased knowledge and awareness on health issues, and financial security during health
emergencies etc. it’s very active in providing income generating activities.
 CHAPTER-IV
ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION
 ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
4.1 Gender wise Classification

4.2 Marital wise classification

4.3 Community wise Classification

4.4 Numbers of your family wise classification

4.5 Religion wise Classification

4.6 Age wise classification

4.7 Experience in SHG wise classification

4.8 Monthly Income wise classification

4.9 Type of Family wise classification

4.10 Educational qualification wise classification

4.11 Housing facility wise classification

4.12 Occupation wise classification

4.13 Numbers of members wise classification

4.14 Bank account wise classification

4.15 Bank account wise classification

4.16 Amount of loan sanctioned wise classification

4.17 Benefits of joining this group wise classification

4.18 Part of a SHG has improved your life

4.19 Monthly contribution to SHG group

4.20 You receive the government loans for being a member of SHG on time

4.21 Repayment of loan

4.22 SHGs help in self- development

4.23 Attend SHGs meeting regularly

4.24 Run any business through your self-help groups

 Table 4.1

Gender wise Classification

S.NO Variables Respondents Percentage

1 Male - -

2 Female 75 100

Total 75 100%

Source: Primary data

From the above table4.1shown that 100% of the respondents are female out of 75 respondents.

It is evident that majority 100% of respondents are female in this SHG.

 Table 4.2

Marital wise classification

S.NO Variables Respondents Percentage

1 Married 74 98.7%

2 Unmarried 1 1.3%

Total 75 100%

Source: Primary data

From the above table4.2indicate that 98.7% of the respondents are married category and 1.3% of
therespondent are unmarried category out of 75 respondents.

It is inferred that majority 98.7% of respondents are married category.

 Table 4.3

Community wise Classification

S.NO Variables Respondents Percentage

1 OC 1 1.3%

2 BC 58 77.45%

3 MBC 10 13.3%

4 SC 6 8%

5 SC(A) - -

Total 75 100%

Source: Primary data

From the above table 4.3 show that 1.3% of the respondent are OC category and77.4% of the
respondent are BC category and 13.3% of the respondent are MBC category and 8% of the
respondent are SC category are out of 75 respondents.

It is evident that majority 77.4%of respondents is BC in this table.

 Table 4.4

Numbers of Members wise classification

S.NO Variables Respondents Percentage

1 Below 3 17 22.6%

2 4 35 46.7%

3 5 18 24%

4 Above6 5 6.7%

Total 75 100%

Source: Primary data

From the above table 4.4 shows that 22.6% of the respondents are below 3 membersin
family and 46.7%of the respondents are 4 members in family and 24% of the respondents are 5
members in family and 6.7%are the respondents are above 6 members in family out of 75
respondents.

It is reveals that majority 46.7% of respondents are in our family members in this table.
 Table 4.5

Religion wise Classification

S.NO Variables Respondents Percentage

1 Hindu 70 93.3%

2 Muslim 3 4%

3 Christine 2 2.7%

Total 75 100%

Source: Primary data

From the above table 4.4 shows that 93.3% of the respondents are Hindu Religion and 4% of the
respondents are Muslim and 2.7% of the respondents are Christine Religion out of 75
respondents.

It is evident that majority 93.3% of respondents is Hindu religion in this table.

 Table 4.6

Age wise classification

S.NO Variables Respondents Percentage
1 Below 18 - -

2 18-25 1 1.3%

3 25-35 31 41%

4 35above 43 57.4%

Total 75 100%

Source: Primary data

From the above table 4.6 shows that out of 50 respondents 57.4% of the respondents belongs
to the age groups of above 35 years and 41% of the respondents belongs to the age group of the
25-35 years and 1.3% of the respondents belongs to the age group of 18-25 years.

It is shows that majority 57.4% of respondents belongs to age groups of above 35 years.
 Table 4.7

Experience in SHG wise classification

S.NO Variables Respondents Percentage
1 Below 3 years 23 30.7%

2 3-4 12 16%

3 4-5 8 10.7%

4 Above 5 32 42.6%

Total 75 100%

Source: Primary data

From the above table 4.7 shows that 30.7% of the respondents are below 3year experience and
16% of respondents are 3-4 year experience and 10% of the respondents are 4-5 yearsexperience
and 42.6% of the respondents are above 5 year experience in SHG out of 75 respondents.

It is evident that majority above 42.6% of respondents are above 5 in the table.
 Table 4.8

Monthly Incomewise classification

S.NO Variables Respondents Percentage
1 Below Rs.5000 5 6.6%

2 5000-10000 2 2.6%

3 10000-15000 35 46.7%

4 Above 15000 33 44%

Total 75 100%

Source: Primary data

Fromthe above table 4.8 shows that 6.6%of the respondents are earning below Rs.5000
per month and 2.6% of the respondents are earning Rs.5000-10000 per month and 46.7% of the
respondents are earning Rs 10000-15000 per month and 44% of the respondents are earning
above Rs 150000 per month that from the above table out of 75 respondents.

It is evident that from the above table 46.7% of respondent are Rs.10000-15000 per
month in this table.
 Table 4.9

Type of Family wise classification

S.NO Variables Respondents Percentage
1 Join family 17 22.6%

2 Nuclear family 58 77.4%

Total 75 100

Source: Primary data

From the above table 4.9 shows that 22.6% respondents are join family and 77.4% of the
respondents are nuclear family out of 75 respondents.

It reveals that majority 77.4% of respondents are nuclear family in this table.
 Table 4.10

Educational of qualification wise classification

S.NO Variables Respondents Percentage
1 UP to 8 54 72%

2 Diploma 12 16%

3 UG Degree 7 9.3%

4 PG Degree 2 27%

Total 75 100%

Source: Primary data

From the above table 4.10 shows that 72% of the respondents are studies in Up to 8 level
and 16% of the respondents are studies in Diploma level and 9.3% of therespondent’sand studies
in UG Degree level and 2.7% of respondents are studies in PG Degree level out 75 respondents.

It is evident that majority 72% of respondent are in up to 8 level only in this table so it is
interred that their educational level is increased.
 Table 4.11

Housing facility wise classification

S.NO Variables Respondents Percentage
1 Owned house 71 94.7%

2 Rented house 4 5.3%

Total 75 100

Source: Primary data

From the above table 4.11 shows that 94.7% of the respondentsare having owned house
and 5.3% of the respondents are having rented house in out of 75 respondents.

It is evident that 94.7% respondents are having own house in this table.
 Table 4.12

Occupation wise classification

S.NO Variables Respondents Percentage

1 Home maker 53 70.7%

2 Privat employee 5 6.6%

3 Government employee - -

4 Business 17 22.7%

Total 75 100%

Source: Primary data

From the above table 4.12 shows that 70.7% of the respondents are home maker and
6.6%of the respondents are private employed and 22.7%of the respondents arebusiness out of 75
respondents.

It is evident that majority 70.7% of respondent arehome maker in this table.

 Table 4.13

Numbers of members wise classification

S.NO Variables Respondents Percentage
1 15 68 90.7%

2 25 6 8%

3 35 1 1.3%

4 45 above - -

Total 75 100%

Source: Primary data

From the above table 4.13shows that 90.7% of therespondents are 15 number of members in
family and 8% of therespondents are 25 number of members in family and 1.3% of the
respondents are 35 number of members in family out of 75 respondents.

It is evident the majority 90.7% of the respondents are 15 number of members in family in this
table.
 Table 4.14

Bank account wise classification

S.NO Variables Respondents Percentage

1 Yes 75 100%

2 No - -

Total 75 100%

Source: Primary data

From the above table 4.14 shows that100% of the respondents are having a bank account in
SHG respondents out of 75 respondents.

It is evident thatmajority of respondents are having a bank account in this table.

 Table 4.15

Bank account wise classification

S.NO Variables Respondents Percentage

1 Yes 75 100%

2 No - -

Total 75 100%

Source: primary data

From the above table 4.15 shows that 100% of the respondents are having a bank saving
in SHG out of 75 respondents.

It is evident majority that 100% respondents are having a bank savings in SHG in this
table.
 Table 4.16

Amount of loan sanctioned wise classification

S.NO Variables Respondents Percentage
1 Below Rs.10000 4 5.3%

2 Rs.10000-20000 6 8%

3 Rs.200000-300000 1 1.3%

4 300000 above 64 85.4%

Total 75 100%

Source: primary data

From the above table 4.16 shows that 5.3 of the respondents are below Rs.10000 and8% of the
respondents are Rs.10000-20000 and 1.3% of the respondent are Rs.200000-300000 and 85.4 of
therespondents are 300000 above out of 75 respondents.

It is evident that majority the85.4% of the respondents are 300000 above this table.
 Table 4.17

Benefits of joining this group wise classification

S.NO Variables Respondents Percentage

1 Loan 10 13.3%

2 Skill development 20 26.6%

3 Women empowerment 36 48%

Total 75 100%

Source: primary data

From the above table 4.17 shows that 13.3% of the respondents are loan and 26.6% of the
respondents are skill development and 48% of the respondent are women empowerment out of
75 respondents.

It is evident that majority 48 of the respondents are women empowerment are in this
table.
 Table 4.18

Part of a SHG has improved your life

S.NO Variables Respondents Percentage
1 Yes 73 97.3%

2 No 2 2.7%

Total 75 100%

Source: primary data

From the above table 4.18 shows that 97.3% respondents are improved life from SHG,
2.7% of the respondents are not improved life of SHG out of 75 respondents.

It is evident majority97.3 respondents are improvedlife from SHG that in this table.
 Table 4.19

Monthly contribution to SHG group

S.NO Variables Respondents Percentage

1 Below Rs.40 - -

2 Rs.50 - -

3 Rs.100 - -

4 Above Rs.150 75 100%

Total 75 100%

Source: primary data

From the above table 4.19 shows that 100% of the respondents are getting the daily
wages out of the 75 respondents.

It is evident that majority 100% respondents are getting the daily wages so their income
level is improved.
 Table 4.20

You receive the government loans for being a memberof SHG on time
S.NO Variables Respondents Percentsge

1 Yes 74 98.7%

2 No 1 1.3%

Total 75 100%

Source: primary data

From the above table 4.20 shows that 98.7% of therespondents are government loan yes out of
75 respondents.

It is evident that majority 100% respondents are in government loan yes in this table.
 Table 4.21

Repayment of loan
S.NO Variables Respondents Percentage

1 Monthly 63 84%

2 Weekly 12 16%

3 Annually - -

4 In time - -

Total 75 100%

Source: primary data

From the above table 4.21 shows that 84% of the respondent are in monthly repayment
of loan and 16% and respondents are in weekly respondent of loan out of 75 respondents.

It is evident the majority of 85% respondent are in monthly repayment of loan in this
table.
 Table 4.22

SHGs help in self- development

S.NO Variables Respondents Percentage

1 Yes 75 100%

2 No - -

Table 75 100%

Source: primary data

From the above table 4.22shows that 100% of the respondents are in self- development
yes out of 75 respondents.

It is evident the majority of 100% respondents are in self- development yes in this table.
 Table 4.23

Attend SHGs meeting regularly

S.NO Variables Respondents Percentage

1 Yes 75 100%

2 No - -

Total 75 100%

Source: primary data

From the above table4.23 shows that 100% of the respondents are in getting the SHGs
meeting in regularly yes out of 75 respondents.

It is evident the majority of 100% respondents are in getting the SHGs meeting in
regularly yes in this table.
 Table 4.24

Run any business through your self-help groups

S. NO Variables Respondents Percentage

1 Yes 12 16%

2 No 63 84%

Table 75 100%

Source: primary data

From the above table 4.24 shows that6% of the respondents are in run any business yes
and 84% of the respondents are in run any business No out of 75 respondents.

It is evident the majority or84% respondents are in run any business No in this table.
 CHAPTER-V

FINDINGS,

SUGGESTIONS AND

CONCLUSION
 FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSION

5.1 INTRODUCTION

5.2 FINDINGS

5.3 SUGGESTIONS

5.4 CONCLUSION
 FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSION

5.1 INTRODUCTION:

SHG’s empowers women and inculcates leadership skill among them. Alternate
source of employment it eases dependency on agriculture by providing support in setting up
micro-enterprises e.g. personalised business ventures like tailoring, grocery, and tool repair
shops. Banking literacy is encourages and motivates its members to save and act as a conduit for
formal banking services to reach them.

5.2 FINDINGS:

The findings given are based on the various inferences drawn from the collected data. The
following are the major findings of the study

All the 100% respondents involved in the self help group are female
The majority of the 98.7% persons involved in the self help group are married women.
Evident that majority of the 77.4% respondents are BC in the self help group.
Revealing that majority of the 46.7% respondents are 4 in our family members in self
help group.
Evident that majority of the 93.3% respondents are Hindu in self help group.
Majority of the 57.4% respondents belongs to age groups of above 35 years in self help
group.
Evident that majority of the 42.6% respondents are experience in above 5 years of self
help group.
Evident that monthly income from the46.7% of respondent are Rs.10000-15000 per
month in self help group.
Reveals that majority of the 77.4% respondents are nuclear family in self help group.
The majority of the 72% respondents have education to the elementary level only.
The majority of the 94.7% respondents are having owned house.
Evident that majority of the 70.7% respondents are home maker in self help group.
Evident the majority of the 90.7% respondents are 15 members in the group of self help
group.
 Evident the majority of the 100% respondents are having a bank account in self help
group.
Evident majority of the 100% respondents are having a bank savings in SHG.
Generally, the banks are providing loan with six month on certain occasion it takes more
than six months evident the all of the 85.4% respondents are having the loan.
The majority of the respondents are benefit in self help group.
Majority of the respondents are improved life from SHG.
Majority of the respondents are getting the daily wages so their income level is improved
in self help group.
Generally Government helps the self help group.
The majority of the 48% respondents are monthly repayment of the loan in self help
group.
The majority of the 97.3% respondents are self- development in self help group.
The majority of the 100% respondents are in getting the SHGs meeting in regularly
Evident the majority of the100% respondents are run any business no in self help group.

SUGGESTION:

Now, the SHG’s increased in our state. SHGs is enhanced the social economic growth.
The researcher gives suitable suggestion for developing the socio-economic growth of SHGs in
Nature.

Members can take loans from the group savings themselves on a decided rate of interest.
The rate of interest is much lower than the interest that is charged by the informal sources.
After six month of regular savings the SHG can also take a loan from the bank. The loan
is given in the name of the group and creates tremendous opportunities for the self-
employment of the members.
Due to SHG, the poor members are able to avail of loans even in the absence of collateral.
Many women as members of SHGs have become economically independent. This has led
to women’s empowerment at the rural levels.
CONCLUSION:

SHG has played a big role in the above achievements. SHGs have become a good
stakeholder in community sensitization and access to services. Self-help groups can be
established with success, even in resource-poor settings without a well established user
movement in existence. The study deals with the some important dimension self help group try
to develop skill of entrepreneurship to among members so that their earning capacity improves.
Through they seem too profitable, they are confined to rural areas. The suffer from certain
problems which are rectifiable. The remedy lies in giving training in the areas of marketing and
management intensive guidance counselling increasing the financial and non financial and public
awareness campaign.
BIBILIOGRAPHY
 BIBLOGRAPHY

Following sources have been referred for the completion of the project report.

BOOKS:

KOTHARI ,C.R., Research methodology & Management, 5th Edition

KOTLER PHILIP, Marketing Management
PILLAI R.S.N.& BAGAVATHI, ‘ Management Accounting, ‘ S. Chand & Company
Limited, Edition.

MAGAZINES & NEWSPAPER:

BUSINESS WORLD, year – 2005, September edition, Retailing with SPENCERS.

INDIA TODAY, year—2005, October, Retail Industry of India.
THE TIMES OF INDIA
THE ECONOMICS TIMES.

REFERENCES

WEB:

www.reliancefreshretail.com
www.thehinduonnet.com
www.thefinancialexpren.com
ANNEXURE
 QUESTIONARY

1. Name :
2. Gender :
3. Male Female Transgender
4. Marital status:
5. Married Unmarried
6. Community:
OC BC SC MBC
7. Number of members in your family :
Below 3 4 5 above 6
8. Religion:
Hindu Muslim Christin Other
9. Age:
Below 18 18-25 25-35 above 35
10. Experience in SHG:
Below 3 year 3-4 4-5 above 5
11. monthly Income:
Below Rs.1000 Rs.1000-2000 Rs.2000-3000 above Rs.3000
12. Family type:
Join family Nuclear family
13. Educational qualification:
Upto8 Diplomo UG Degree PG Degree
14. Housing facility:
Owned house Rented house
15. Occupation:
Home maker Private employee
Government Employee Business
16. Number of members:
15 25 35 45above
17. How much the amount of loan sanctioned :
Below Rs.10000 Rs.10000-20000
Rs.200000-300000 above Rs.300000
18. Do you have a bank account:
Yes No
19. Does this self help group have savings:
Yes No
20. What are the benefits of joining this group :
Loan Skill Development
Women empowernment Others
21. Being part of a SHG has improved your life :
Yes No
22. Monthly contribution to yourself help group:
Below Rs.40 Rs.50 Rs.100 above Rs.150
23. Do you receive the government loans for being a member of SHGon time
Yes No
24. Repayment of loan :
Monthly Weekly Annualy In time
25. Does SHGs help in self-development :
Yes No
26. Do you attend SHGs meeting regularly :
Yes No
27. Do you run any business through your Self Help Groups:
Yes No