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Population

The document outlines key concepts related to population, including census, growth rates, and migration. It highlights India's population distribution, density, and growth processes, noting the impact of birth and death rates as well as migration patterns. Additionally, it discusses the National Population Policy initiated in 1952 and its objectives aimed at promoting family planning and improving health and education.

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4 views

Population

The document outlines key concepts related to population, including census, growth rates, and migration. It highlights India's population distribution, density, and growth processes, noting the impact of birth and death rates as well as migration patterns. Additionally, it discusses the National Population Policy initiated in 1952 and its objectives aimed at promoting family planning and improving health and education.

Uploaded by

vedikagarg01
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GRADE IX CH-6 POPULATION

IMPORTANT TERMS:

1. Census: A census is an official enumeration of population done periodically.


It is generally done every 10 years.

2. Annual Growth Rate: It is studied in per cent per annum, e.g. a rate of
increase of 2 per cent per annum means that in a given year, there was an
increase of two persons for every 100 persons in the base population. This is
referred to as the annual growth rate.

3. Absolute Increase: The absolute numbers added each year or decade is the
magnitude of increase. It is obtained by simply subtracting the earlier
population (e.g. that of 2001) from the later population (e.g. that of 2011). It is
referred to as the absolute increase.

4. Population Density: Population density is calculated as the number of


persons per unit area.

5. Birth Rate: Number of live births per thousand persons in a year.

6. Death Rate: Number of deaths per thousand persons in a year.

7. Migration: Movement of people across regions and territories. It is of two


types:

⚫ Migration can be internal (within the country).

⚫ Migration can be international/external (between the countries).

POPULATION SIZE AND DISTRIBUTION

• India has 17.5% of world’s population, which is unevenly distributed as India


has only 2.4% of world’s area.
• Most Populous State is Uttar Pradesh while Least Populous State is Sikkim.
• 5 most populous states are Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal,
Andhra Pradesh
• Largest state is Rajasthan and smallest state is Goa

INDIA’S POPULATION DISTRIBUTION BY DENSITY


• India is the most densely populated country
• Bihar had highest density while Arunachal Pradesh has the lowest
• Causes of uneven distribution in density are: rugged and unfavorable terrain
and unfavorable climatic conditions
• Assam and peninsular states are moderately dense due to hilly, dissected and
rocky terrain, moderate and low rainfall, shallow and less fertile soils
• Northern Plains and Kerela have very high density due to flat and fertile
plains, abundant rainfalls

POPULATION GROWTH AND PROCESSES


• Affected by 3 processes: birth rate, death rate and migration
• Change is expressed in absolute numbers and percentage change per year
• Studied per annum
• Decline in growth rate is due to decline in birth rate; a decline in growth rate is
a positive indicator of the efforts of birth control
• When low annual rate is applied to very large population, it yields a large
absolute increase but when more than a billion people increase even at a lower
rate, the total number being added becomes very large
• India’s annual increase in population is large enough to neutralise efforts to
conserve the resource endowment and environment
• Higher birth rates and high death rates have resulted in high growth rate of
Indian population
• Internal migration does not change the size but influences the distribution of
population
• Push factor of rural areas and pull factor of urban areas affect migration,
further affecting the age and sex composition

NATIONAL POPULATION POLICY


• 1952- Family Planning Programme launched by government
• Family Welfare Programme promotes responsible and planned parenthood
• 2000- National Population Policy launched, providing free and compulsory
education till 14 years of age, reducing infant mortality rate, achieving
universal immunization, promoting delayed marriage and making family
centred welfare programmes
• Provides nutritional requirements for adolescents and protection from
unwanted pregnancies and STDs
• Encourages delayed marriages and child bearing education, risks of
unprotected sex, making contraceptive services accessible and affordable,
providing food supplements, nutritional services, strengthening legal measures
to prevent child marriage

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