Understanding & Defining Mood Manic Episode
Disorder
➢
➢
➢
➢
➢ Flight of Ideas
AN OVERVIEW OF DEPRESSION AND MANIA
➢
➢
➢
Hypomanic Episode
Mood Episodes
➢
Major Depressive Episode
THE STRUCTURE OF MOOD DISORDER
Unipolar Mood Disorder
Cognitive Symptoms
Disturbed Physical Function →
Bipolar Mood Disorder
➢ general
loss of interest in things anhedonia
➢ DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS
Major Depressive Disorder
➢
➢ Recurrent
➢
➢ Median distress or disability
➢
Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)
➢
➢ Duration & demographics
➢
➢ ➢ Distress or disability
➢
BIPOLAR DISORDERS
➢ T
➢ Duration distress or
disability
➢ mild, moderate, severe
Bipolar I
→ Early Onset
→ Late Onset
Double Depression Bipolar II
➢ ➢
→
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)
➢
➢ Cyclothymic Disorder (CD)
➢ Duration
distress or
disability ➢
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
➢ Duration
distress or disability
ADDITIONAL SPECIFIERS FOR MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER
AND BIPOLAR DISORDERS
[1] Anxious Distress Specifier
Specifier (Severity)
Mild
Atypical Features Specifier
Moderate
Melancholic Features Specifier
Severe
Catatonic Features Specifier
Specifier (Remission)
In partial remission:
Stupor Stereotypy
Catalepsy Agitation
In full remission: Waxy flexibility
Grimacing
Mutism
Other Specifiers
Negativism
➢ Echolalia
Echopraxia
Posturing
➢ Mannerism
➢ Mixed Features Specifier
Peripartum Onset Specifier ➢ Ultra-Ultra-Rapid Cycle
➢ Baby Blues
➢ Peripartum Depression
Psychotic Features Specifier
➢ Mood Congruent
➢ Mood Incongruent
Seasonal Pattern Specifier
Seasonal Affective
Disorder (SAD).
Rapid-Cycling Specifier
➢ Rapid Mood Switching Causes of Mood Disorder
Equifinality
➢ Ultra-Rapid Cycle
BIOLOGICAL DIMENSION
Familial & Genetic Influences ➢ Stress Hypothesis
➢
Initial Reaction →
→
adrenal medulla →
➢
→
➢
Secondary Reaction – Stimulation of HPA Axis
→ corticotropin-releasing
hormone (CRH) →
➢
→
Depression and Anxiety: Same Genes? → adrenocorticotropic hormone
(ACTH) →
➢
→
→ →
➢ →
→
Neurotransmitter System → negative feedback mechanism
→
➢ Serotonin
→
→
→
HPA Axis Dysfunction
➢ Permissive Hypothesis →
→
→
Endocrine System. Sleep and Circadian Rhythm
PSYCHOLOGICAL DIMENSION Global
Stressful Life Events
➢
➢
➢ Diathesis-Stress Model of Psychopathology
Stress & Depression.
Negative Cognitive Style
➢ ➢
➢ ➢
➢
Arbitrary Inferences
Stress & Bipolar Disorders
Overgeneralization
➢
➢ Depressive Cognitive Triads
➢
➢
➢ Negative Schema
→
Learned Helplessness
→ Self-Blame Schema
➢ Learned Helplessness Theory of Depression → Negative Self-Evaluation Schema
➢
Internal
➢
Stable
➢
→
→ ➢
Cognitive Vulnerability for Depression: An Integration →
→
➢
→
SOCIAL AND CULTURAL DIMENSIONS
Marital Relations →
➢
Social Support
→
➢
➢
➢
Mood Disorder in Women
AN INTEGRATIVE THEORY
➢
→
GBV → Gesturers
➢
GPV
→
Temperament of Neuroticism or Negative Affect
CAUSES
Past Conceptions
Altruistic Suicide
Suicide
Egoistic Suicide
➢
➢
Anomic Suicide
➢
Fatalistic Suicide
➢
Psychoanalytic
→ ➢
→
➢
➢
Suicidal Ideation
RISK FACTOR
Suicidal Plans Family History
Suicidal Attempts
Neurobiology
→ Attempters
➢ IS SUICIDE CONTAGIOUS?
➢
Existing Psychological Disorders and Other Psychological ➢
Risk Factors →
→
➢ Interpersonal Theory of Suicide ➢
TREATMENT
Stressful Life Events. ➢
“Has there been any time recently when you’ve
thought that life wasn’t worth living or had some
thoughts about hurting yourself or possibly killing
yourself?”
➢
Suicidal Desire
Suicidal Intent
Suicidal Capability
