Open Access Journal of Data Science & Artificial Intelligence

ISSN: 2996-671X
MEDWIN PUBLISHERS
Committed to Create Value for Researchers

Senior High School Students Perceptions and Awareness on the

Ethical Implications of Artificial Intelligence

Cataga CHJ, Cator TA, Fabrique KS*, Nudalo BJA, Priol JS and Tabon JA
Research Article
Muertegui National High School, Brgy Daja Diot, Philippines
Volume 2 Issue 1
Received Date: December 13, 2024
*Corresponding author: Kyla S Fabrique, Muertegui National High School, Brgy Daja Diot, San
Published Date: December 30, 2024
Isidro, Leyte, Philippines, Email: [email protected]
DOI: 10.23880/oajda-16000155

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence aims to create intelligent devices that resemble humans by inducing intelligent behavior. This study aims
to examine the senior high school students’ perceptions and awareness on the ethical implications of artificial intelligence
in terms of age, sex, and grade level. The study utilized a quantitative cross-sectional research design. The respondents of
the study were 142 senior high school students currently enrolled in a public secondary high school in Eastern Philippines
of the school year 2024-2025 and selected using stratified and systematic random sampling techniques. The study used
an adapted survey questionnaire. Results revealed that senior high school students have a high perception and awareness
towards ethical implications of artificial intelligence. Furthermore, result showed that there is a significant difference in terms
of age of senior high school towards perceptions and attitudes on the ethical implications of artificial intelligence and there
is no significant difference between perceptions and awareness in terms of sex and grade level. The study concludes that
while students are largely optimistic about AI in education, proactive measures are crucial to ensure responsible and fair use
of this technology. Further research should focus on addressing resource inequalities and translating ethical concerns into
concrete policies and practices. The study emphasizes how urgently proactive steps must be taken to guarantee the ethical and
responsible application of artificial intelligence in education, including addressing resource disparities and converting moral
considerations into tangible rules and procedures. This highlighted a potential access to AI resources and training, raising
concerns about equitable implementation.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Awareness; Ethical Implications; Perceptions; Students

Abbreviations by inducing intelligent behaviour in them Das et al. The idea of

AI, which first surfaced in the laser, is the replication of human
AI: Artificial Intelligence; AWM: Average Weighted Mean; EI: intelligence by computer. AI has become indispensable to
Ethical Implications. human existence due to computer technology breakthroughs
such as data proliferation, computing improvements, and
Introduction group-breaking algorithms. Many elements of lives have been
altered by its quick improvements, but this has additionally
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a field of computer science caused concerns about algorithmic bias, privacy, and the
that aims to create intelligent devices that resemble humans effects of automation on schools [1].

Senior High School Students Perceptions and Awareness on the Ethical Implications of Artificial J Data Sci Artificial Int
Intelligence
 2 Open Access Journal of Data Science & Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence is a range of industries including for people all around the world Littman S, et al. Artificial
social media, applications for software, storage of data, Intelligence technology has enhanced lives and opened up
operation for businesses, analytics, interactive platforms, and new opportunities, but it has also brought up ethical issues
systems for communication [2]. Artificial Intelligence (AI) that need to be resolved. The implementation of artificial
has advanced dramatically, revolutionizing several industries intelligence systems carries a high risk of violating human
and opening up new opportunities for people all around the rights and unfairly harming underprivileged communities
world Littman et al. Artificial Intelligence technology has UNESCO and Minssen M, et al. However, there is no existing
enhanced lives and opened up new opportunities, but it research conducted at Muertegui National High School
has also brought up ethical issues that need to be resolved. about Artificial Intelligence. Thus, the researchers aim to
The implementation of artificial intelligence systems carries examine the senior high school students’ perceptions and
a high risk of violating human rights and unfairly harming awareness of the ethical implications of artificial intelligence
underprivileged communities UNESCO and Minssen, et al. in Muertegui National High School.

However, a study by Cardon further indicated that one Methodology

AI’s disadvantage is less significant understanding and
genuine writing ability. AI literacy gives students the ability This chapter details the research design, data collection
to distinguish between reliable facts and false information, methods, surveys, sampling techniques, and data analysis
encouraging precision in thought and cultivating an attitude procedures used to answer the research questions. It justifies
focused on research. the chosen methodology and addresses potential limitations.

Furthermore, based on the study of Gerlich, AI can Research Design

fundamentally alter several data programs, as is evident in
the present. AI was described as an artificial object Rajendra, This study utilized a quantitative cross-sectional research
et al. This reacts to its surroundings after it recognizes them. design to determine the ethical implications of artificial
Within the same domain, a specific category of artificial intelligence in terms of algorithmic bias and discrimination,
intelligence systems known as generative AI (GenAI) can data privacy, and transparency as perceived by senior high
develop and produce content that has an affinity for human- school students. Cross-sectional is a research design that
generated items various outputs can be computer code, text, examines the characteristics or outcomes of a population or
photos, music, movies, or even a combination of various a subset at one specific moment, capturing a broad overview
media Farrelly & Baker. without tracking changes over time. This approach helps
identify associations and trends, although it cannot establish
Moreover, the current development of generative AI cause-and-effect relationships Kumar.
chatbots has already complex problems with academic
dishonesty that educational organizations encounter Respondents and Sampling Technique
Oravec. Additionally, given the current momentum artificial
intelligence has achieved, some researchers might be The respondents of this study were 142 senior high
drawn to using these technologies in their scientific writing. school students currently enrolled in Muertegui National
These are not inherently negative practices. They may even High School in the school year 2024-2025. The researchers
improve teacher’s professional development and students’ used Slovin’s formula with a 5% margin of error to determine
educational experiences Selvanathan & Narayanan. As long the sample size. The computed sample size is 142 out of
as the rules of academic ethical principles are followed, these 226 total populations. Stratified sampling and Systematic
things are accessible. Researchers and students are highly sampling techniques were used to determine the appropriate
tempted to stay away from academic ethics because even number of respondents. Stratified sampling is a fishbowl
preventing plagiarism technology may fully recognize the is done by the researchers in which the respondents are
fact that some text fragments are generated using AI-based selected by drawing a random piece of paper from the bowl
methods Elaal A, et al. (Table 1).

In the Philippines, generative AI has gained popularity, Grade Population Sample Number of Sample Size
particularly in institutions. Nevertheless, on January 18, 2023, Level Size Size Section per Section
several investigations were launched against UP Diliman 11 119 75 3 26
students for allegedly submitting using artificial intelligence 12 107 67 3 23
to meet academic criteria Estrellado. Moreover, Artificial
Total 226 142 6
Intelligence (AI) has advanced dramatically, revolutionizing
several industries and opening up new opportunities Table 1: Sample Size Computation and Representation.

Fabrique KS, et al. Senior High School Students Perceptions and Awareness on the Ethical Copyright© Fabrique KS.
Implications of Artificial Intelligence. J Data Sci Artificial Int 2024, 2(1): 000155.
 3 Open Access Journal of Data Science & Artificial Intelligence

Research Instruments survey questionnaire.

The study used a self-administered survey questionnaire Data Gathering Procedure

adapted from the study of Zahrani A and Alasmari [2] entitled
Exploring the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Higher Before the data gathering, the researchers were tasked
Education: The Dynamics of ethical, social, and educational to find and search for a survey questionnaire to be used. The
implications. In connection, the survey questionnaire researchers sent an email to the author asking permission
consists of 8 items and is composed of two sections. First to allow them to use the questionnaire. After the author’s
is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of response, the researchers conducted a pilot testing of the
age, sex, and grade level. The second part is composed of 8 survey questionnaire to all grade 11 and 12 students. After
statements regarding perceptions of ethical implications. conducting the pilot testing the researchers proceed to
In addition, the researchers utilized a 5-point Likert Scale the final data-gathering procedure where the researchers
to measure the respondent’s perception and awareness asked permission from the adviser to conduct a survey. The
of the ethical implications of artificial intelligence which is researchers personally distributed the survey questionnaire
identified as (5) Strongly Agree, (4) Agree, (3) Undecided, to the respondents so they could complete responsibly and
(2) Disagree, (1) Strongly Disagree. Similarly, in the study honestly. Additionally, respondents’ answers were collected
entitled Exploring the Role of Artificial Intelligence in for data analysis and interpretation. Before doing data
Education, Students Preferences and Perceptions is used as analysis, researchers employ data management including
adapted survey questionnaires. data entering, data coding, and data cleaning [4].

Additionally, the study of Manrique and Palomares Data Scoring and Interpretation
[3] entitled Embracing the Future: Exploring Teachers
Perspective and Readiness for Integrating Artificial The interpretation of the mean was based on the
Intelligence (AI) in Mathematics Classroom in Selected following:
Public and Private Senior High School is used as adapted

Score Range Response Choice Interpretation

It means that the perceptions and awareness of the ethical
5 4.51-5.00 Strongly Agree implications of senior high school students are observed all
the time.
It means that the perceptions and awareness of the ethical
4 3.41-4.50 Agree implications of senior high school students are observed
most of the time.
It means that the perceptions and awareness of the ethical
3 2.61-3.40 Undecided implications of senior high school students are observed
sometimes.
It means that the perceptions and awareness of the ethical
2 1.81-2.60 Disagree implications of senior high school students are observed in a
few instances.
It means that the perceptions and awareness of the ethical
1 1.00-1.80 Strongly Disagree implications of senior high school students are not at all
observed.

Data Analysis Procedure differences in the perceptions and awareness of senior

high school students on the ethical implications of artificial
The data gathered from research questions one, two, and intelligence at a 0.05 level of significance. The data were
three were statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics processed through IBM-SPSS V.27.
like frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and
average weighted mean. Results and Discussion
Meanwhile, research question number four was This chapter presents the findings of the study such
statistically analyzed using a z-test to determine the significant as the statistical data relative to the problem pointed out

Fabrique KS, et al. Senior High School Students Perceptions and Awareness on the Ethical Copyright© Fabrique KS.
Implications of Artificial Intelligence. J Data Sci Artificial Int 2024, 2(1): 000155.
 4 Open Access Journal of Data Science & Artificial Intelligence

in the statement of the problem of the study, along with the interpretations and discussion on the implications of findings.

f %
Age
15-17 123 87%
18-19 13 9%
20 above 6 4%
Total 142 100%
Sex
Male 64 45%
Female 78 55%
Total 142 100%
Grade Level
Grade 11 74 52%
Grade 12 68 48%
Total 142 100%
Table 2: Demographic Profile of the Senior High School Students in terms of Age, Sex and Grade level.

Statement Mean SD Verbal Interpretation

AI will play an essential role in education 3.8 .86 Agree
AI will replace some specialization in education 3.5 .83 Agree
I understand the basic principle of AI 3.7 .7 Agree
I am comfortable with AI terminology 3.5 .9 Agree
I understand the limitations of AI 3.8 .9 Agree
The presence of AI will benefit my work as a student 3.6 .9 Agree
All students should accept the development of AI 3.4 .9 Agree
I will be confident using AI for my assignments needs 3.6 1.0 Agree
I will have a better understanding when using AI 3.6 1.0 Agree
AI systems will have a positive impact on the world of education 3.6 1.0 Agree
Incorporating AI into the lecture system will facilitate the learning process 3.5 .9 Agree
Using AI in education will prepare me to be skilled in lecture practices 3.4 .9 Agree
AI will replace my future role as a student 3.3 1.0 Undecided
Willingness to use AI in education 3.4 .9 Agree
The use of AI should be maximized in assisting educational work 3.6 1.0 Agree
Average Weighted Mean 3.58 Agree
Table 3: Senior High School Student’s Perception on the Ethical Implications of Artificial Intelligence.

Table 3 shows the perceptions of senior high school Overall, the average weighted mean (AWM) of senior high
students regarding the ethical implications of Artificial school students’ perceptions on the ethical implications
Intelligence. The result showed that the majority of the of Artificial Intelligence is 3.5 and verbally interpreted as
respondents agreed that Artificial Intelligence has a Agree. Therefore, this means that senior high school students
limitation (M=3.8, SD=.9). While one remained undecided were slightly aware and conservative that AI has limitations.
that AI can replace the role of the student (M=3.3, SD=1.0). However, they also recognize that AI cannot replace the

Fabrique KS, et al. Senior High School Students Perceptions and Awareness on the Ethical Copyright© Fabrique KS.
Implications of Artificial Intelligence. J Data Sci Artificial Int 2024, 2(1): 000155.
 5 Open Access Journal of Data Science & Artificial Intelligence

human capacity for creative thinking, for envisioning novel that Artificial Intelligence play an essential role in education
solutions and for adapting to unforeseen circumstances. This and the respondents understand the limitations of AI [7].
finding contradict to the study of Herawi H, et al. which shows

Statement Mean SD Verbal Interpretation

I understand how AI tutors provide personalized instruction for
3.85 .79 Agree
students’ needs
I am familiar with AI tools that respond and adapt to each students’
3.67 .87 Agree
skills and pace of learning
I know how intelligent software can automatically generate problems 3.53 .91 Agree
I am aware of AI helpers that give feedback, hints, and answer to
3.64 .96 Agree
students in real time while they work
I understand how AI tools assess students work and adjust their
3.65 .89 Agree
methods accordingly
I know AI software can create customized test quizzes, and
3.78 .95 Agree
worksheets tailored to each student
I have seen AI chatbots to let students ask questions by typing
3.71 1.02 Agree
regular sentences
I understand how AI looks at where students make mistakes to
3.78 .94 Agree
identify and improve areas where knowledge is missing
I know AI can recommend extra study materials and plans to
3.65 .89 Agree
students based on their progress in math
I am familiar with AI tools that use data visual and graphics to help
3.63 .85 Agree
demonstrate abstract ideas
I understand how AI uses simulated experiments to build students’
3.62 .85 Agree
deeper understanding of concepts
I know AI can automatically flag students who are struggling in their
3.68 .95 Agree
school works
Average Weighted Mean 3.68 Agree
Table 3.1: Senior High School Student’s Perception on the Ethical Implications on Artificial Intelligence.

Table 3.1 shows the perception of senior high school they work (M=3.5, SD=0.9). Overall, the average weighted
students regarding the ethical implications of Artificial mean (AWM) of senior high school students’ perceptions on
Intelligence. The results showed that the majority of the the ethical implications of Artificial Intelligence is 3.6 and
respondents agreed that Artificial Intelligence indicates a verbally interpreted as Agreed. This high level of agreement
strong consensus among students that they recognize the suggests that students are not only aware of the existence of
value of AI tutors in tailoring educational experiences to AI tutors but also appreciate their ability to adapt to different
meet individual learning requirements (M=3.8, SD=0.7). learning styles and needs. In connection to the study of
Similarly, even though it received the lowest score, there was Manrique P, et al. [3] revealed that most of the respondents
still some agreement among senior high school students that understand the needs.
AI helpers provide timely feedback, hints, and answers while

Statement Mean SD Verbal Interpretation

I find AI integration in my classroom to be user-friendly and easy to navigate 3.8 .77 Agree
I believe that using AI tools is straightforward and intuitive for both teachers
3.6 .8 Agree
and students
I perceive AI applications as accessible and not overly complex 3.5 .9 Agree

Fabrique KS, et al. Senior High School Students Perceptions and Awareness on the Ethical Copyright© Fabrique KS.
Implications of Artificial Intelligence. J Data Sci Artificial Int 2024, 2(1): 000155.
 6 Open Access Journal of Data Science & Artificial Intelligence

I consider AI integration to be a hassle-free process in terms of implementation 3.5 .9 Agree

I am convinced that using AI in teaching is a smooth and trouble-free experi-
3.6 .9 Agree
ence
I anticipate that AI integration will require minimal effort in terms of setup and
3.4 .9 Agree
management
I see AI tools as a convenient addition to my studies 3.7 .8 Agree
I expect that AI integration will be seamless and enhance the teaching experi-
3.5 .9 Agree
ence
I envision AI as a tool that simplifies tasks and reduces administrative burden 3.5 .8 Agree
Average Weighted Mean 3.6 Agree
Table 3.2: Senior High School Student’s Perception on the Ethical Implications on Artificial Intelligence.

Table 3.2 shows the perception of senior high school students’ perceptions on the ethical implications of Artificial
students regarding the ethical implications of Artificial Intelligence is 3.6 and verbally interpreted as Agreed. This
Intelligence. The results showed that the majority of the positive perception suggests that the AI tools have been
respondents agreed that navigating the AI applications effectively designed with the student user in mind, making
are likely comfortable and don’t find them overly complex them accessible and engaging. The findings contradict to the
or confusing (M=3.8, SD= 0.7). The lowest result showed study Manrique P, et al. [3], were most of the respondents find
students anticipating a minimal setup and management artificial intelligence to be a user-friendly in their classroom
effort for AI integration (M=3.4, SD= 0.9). Overall, the and it is easy to navigate [8].
average weighted mean (AWM) of senior high school

Statement Mean SD Verbal Interpretation

Ethical guidelines and regulations should be established to govern the use
3.8 .9 Agree
of AI in high school
AI should be developed and used in a manner that respects students’
3.6 .9 Agree
autonomy and agency
AI should be used responsibly to avoid exacerbating societal inequalities 3.7 .9 Agree
AI should not replace human interaction and support in the educational
3.7 .8 Agree
process
AI algorithms should be designed to address potential biases and ensure
3.7 .9 Agree
fairness in high school
The use of AI in high school should prioritize the ethical collection and the
3.6 .7 Agree
use of student data
The use of AI in high school should be transparent and accountable 3.5 .9 Agree
There are concerns about data privacy and security when using AI
3.6 .9 Agree
technologies in high school
Average Weighted Mean 3.7 Agree
Table 4: A. Senior High School Student’s Awareness on the Ethical Implications on Artificial Intelligence.

Table 4 shows senior high school students’ awareness high school students’ awareness of AI’s ethical implications,
of artificial intelligence’s ethical implications. The results which is verbally interpreted as Agree. The results reflect a
indicate that most respondents agreed high schools should positive attitude towards establishing ethical standards for
have ethical guidelines and regulations governing AI use AI in education, indicating that students are not only aware
(M = 3.8, SD = 0.9). The lowest result was regarding AI of the ethical implications but also advocate for structured
transparency and accountability in high schools (M = 3.5, regulations to ensure responsible use of AI technologies in
SD = 0.9). The overall average weighted mean (3.7) of senior their schools. This shows that students strongly believe that

Fabrique KS, et al. Senior High School Students Perceptions and Awareness on the Ethical Copyright© Fabrique KS.
Implications of Artificial Intelligence. J Data Sci Artificial Int 2024, 2(1): 000155.
 7 Open Access Journal of Data Science & Artificial Intelligence

ethical frameworks are necessary for AI in the classroom. revealed that the respondents emphasized the need for
Although there is still agreement on this statement, it is the ethical guidelines, respect for student autonomy, avoidance
least popular of the ones that were presented, suggesting that of societal inequalities, preservation of human interaction,
students may not be as certain or as strongly in agreement addressing biases, prioritizing data ethics, ensuring
with the necessity of accountability and openness as they are transparency and accountability, and addressing privacy and
with the other ethical factors. The findings were similar to security concerns [9].
the study conducted by Al-Zahrahi and Alasmari [2], which

Statement Mean SD Verbal Interpretation

I feel prepared to start using AI technologies in my study 3.7 .8 Agree
I have the knowledge needed to use AI tools effectively for instruction 3.7 .8 Agree
I am willing to invest time in learning how to use new AI tools 3.5 .9 Agree
I feel confident in my ability to troubleshoot issues with AI technologies 3.4 .9 Agree
I have access to the resources I would need to implement AI tools in my
3.3 .9 Agree
classroom
My school provides sufficient training for using instructional technologies 3.4 .8 Agree
I stay up-to-date on new AI innovations that could enhance my knowledge 3.5 .9 Agree
I am excited by the potential for AI to improved student outcomes and
3.7 .9 Agree
effectiveness
I feel ready to integrate AI into my daily study 3.5 .8 Agree
I am open to adjusting my study methods to incorporate AI innovations 3.5 .9 Agree
I believe that integrating AI technologies would enhance the overall
3.7 .8 Agree
effectiveness of my study
I am willing to collaborate with colleagues to share insights and strategies for
3.6 .9 Agree
integrating AI into my classmate
My education institution provides the necessary technological infrastructure
3.5 .9 Agree
to support the integration of AI tools
I am committed to ongoing professional development to enhance my
3.5 .9 Agree
knowledge and skills related to AI in education
Average Weighted Mean 3.5 Agree
Table 4.1: Senior High School Student’s Awareness on the Ethical Implications on Artificial Intelligence.

Table 4.1 shows senior high school students’ awareness suggests that while many students believe they are prepared,
of artificial intelligence’s ethical implications. The results a significant number may lack access to the necessary tools
indicate that most respondents agreed that they are prepared and resources to actually utilize AI effectively in their learning.
to start using AI technologies in their study (M=3.7, SD=0.8). This disparity in resource access could widen the existing
While one remained undecided about having access to the achievement gap and hinder the equitable integration of AI
resources needed to implement AI tools in their classroom in education. The results contradict the findings of Manrique
(M = 3.3, SD = 0.9). The overall average weighted mean (3.5) P, et al. [3], who found out that students are prepared in using
of senior high school students’ awareness of AI’s ethical artificial intelligence in their study [10].
implications, which is verbally interpreted as Agree. This

Verbal
Statement Mean SD
Interpretation
I believe that AI integration will significantly enhance my knowledge 3.8 .9 Agree
I perceive AI as a valuable tool for improving educational outcome 3.6 .8 Agree
I view AI integration as a practical and effective approach to personalized
3.5 .8 Agree
learning

Fabrique KS, et al. Senior High School Students Perceptions and Awareness on the Ethical Copyright© Fabrique KS.
Implications of Artificial Intelligence. J Data Sci Artificial Int 2024, 2(1): 000155.
 8 Open Access Journal of Data Science & Artificial Intelligence

I consider AI integration a time-saving solution in lesson planning and

3.5 .9 Agree
delivery
I am convinced that AI will make more effective and efficient 3.6 .9 Agree
I anticipate that AI integration will lead to greater student engagement and
3.4 .9 Agree
motivation
I see AI as a means to provide more individualized support to students 3.7 .9 Agree
I expect that AI will enhance the learning experience of students .9 Agree
I envision AI as a tool for addressing diverse learning needs in the classroom .9 Agree
Average Weighted Mean 3.6 Agree
Table 4.2: Senior High School Student’s Awareness on the Ethical Implications on Artificial Intelligence.

Table 4.2 shows senior high school students’ awareness the study conducted by Manrique P, et al. [3], age negatively
of artificial intelligence’s ethical implications. The results different with technology readiness, suggesting students
indicate that the majority improved their learning (M=3.8, may be more familiar with artificial intelligence [12,13].
SD=0.9). The lowest result showed that AI has the potential
to create more diverse learning opportunities (M=3.8, Grade Level Mean Z P-Value Z-Crit Decision
SD=0.9). The overall average weighted mean (3.5) of senior
Perception 3.65
high school students’ awareness of AI’s ethical implication,
which is verbally interpreted as Agree. In conclusion, these 5.61 2.00 1.95 Accept the H0
results highlight the importance of integrating discussions Awareness 3.64
about the ethical implications of AI into the curriculum, Significant level=0.05
ensuring that students not only appreciate AI’s benefits but
also understand its broader impact on learning diversity Table 6: Significant Difference between Perception and
and ethical considerations. These results contradict to the Awareness of Senior High School Students on the Ethical
findings of Manrique P, et al. [3], the respondents shows that Implication of Artificial Intelligence in terms of sex (male).
they believe that artificial intelligence will enhance their
knowledge in studying [11]. Table 6 shows the result of the z-test whether there is
a significant difference between perception and awareness
of senior high school students on the ethical implications
Grade Level Mean Z P-Value Z-Crit Decision of artificial intelligence in terms of sex (male). The result
Perception 3.60 showed that, since the p-value (2.00) is higher than the level
8.76 0 1.95 Reject the H1 of significance level (0.05) the decision would be, accept
Awareness 3.64 the null hypothesis. Overall, this means that there is no
significant difference between perception and awareness
Significant of senior high school students on the ethical implications
level=0.05 of artificial intelligence. Therefore, both perception and
Table 5: Significant Difference in the Perception and awareness of senior high school students have no different
Awareness of Senior High School Students on the Ethical views and opinions regarding artificial intelligence [14].
Implication of Artificial Intelligence in terms of Age (15-20
above). Grade Level Mean Z P-Value Z-Crit Decision
Table 5 shows the z-result of Perceptions and Awareness Perception 3.59
on the Ethical Implications of Artificial Intelligence in terms 6.57 4.75 1.95 Accept the H0
of their age. Result showed that, since the p-value (0.00) is Awareness 3.64
lesser that the level of significant (0.05) the decision would Significant level=0.05
be, reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative
hypothesis. Overall, this means that there is significant Table 7: Significant Difference between Perception and
difference in terms of age senior high school students’ Awareness of Senior High School Students on the Ethical
perceptions and awareness on the ethical implications of Implication of Artificial Intelligence in terms of sex (female).
artificial intelligence. Therefore, senior high school students
have different perceptions and awareness on the ethical Table 7 shows the result of the z-test whether there is
implications of artificial intelligence. Similarly, based on a significant difference between perception and awareness

Fabrique KS, et al. Senior High School Students Perceptions and Awareness on the Ethical Copyright© Fabrique KS.
Implications of Artificial Intelligence. J Data Sci Artificial Int 2024, 2(1): 000155.
 9 Open Access Journal of Data Science & Artificial Intelligence

of senior high school students on the ethical implications that grade 12 students have no different perceptions and
of artificial intelligence in terms of sex (female). The result awareness on the ethical implications such as algorithmic
showed that, since the p-value (4.75) is higher than the level biases and discrimination, transparency, and data privacy of
of significance level (0.05) the decision would be, accept artificial intelligence.
the null hypothesis. Overall, this means that there is no
significant difference between perception and awareness Conclusion
of senior high school students on the ethical implications
of artificial intelligence. Therefore, both perception and This study investigated senior high school students’
awareness of senior high school students have no different attitudes toward the ethical use of artificial intelligence
views and opinions regarding artificial intelligence [15]. (AI) in education. Based on the findings of senior high
school students perceptions and awareness on the ethical
Grade Level Mean Z P-Value Z-Crit Decision implications of artificial intelligence is found that the
students’ observed most of the time. Also, the results
Perception 3.59 revealed that senior high school students are agreed towards
-6.30 2.96 1.95 Accept the H0 the ethical implications of artificial intelligence. Based on
Awareness 3.63 surveys and statistical analysis, show a generally positive
Significant level=0.05 view of AI’s potential benefits such as personalized learning
and increased efficiency. However, students also expressed
Table 8: Significant Difference between Perception and awareness of AI’s limitations and the importance of ethical
Awareness of Senior High School Students on the Ethical guidelines to address issues like data privacy and algorithmic
Implication of Artificial Intelligence in terms of grade level bias. This highlighted a potential disparity in access to AI
(grade 11) resources and training, raising concerns about equitable
implementation. The study concludes that while students
Table 8 shows the result of z-test whether there is a are largely optimistic about AI in education, proactive
significant difference between perceptions and awareness on measures are crucial to ensure responsible and fair use of
the ethical implications of artificial intelligence in grade 11. this technology. Further research should focus on addressing
Result showed that, since the p-value (2.96) is higher than the resource inequalities and translating ethical concerns into
level of significant (0.05) therefore the decision would accept the concrete policies and practices.
null hypothesis. Overall, this means that there is no significant
difference between perceptions and awareness on the ethical
References
implications of artificial intelligence in grade 11 which means
they viewed artificial intelligence as the same [16,17]. 1. Tang L, Su YS (2024) Ethical Implications and Principles
of Using Artificial Intelligence Models in the Classroom:
Grade Level Mean Z P-Value Z-Crit Decision A Systematic Literature Review. Special Issue on
Perception 3.69 Generative Artificial Intelligence in Education pp: 25-36.
Accept the 2. Zahrani AM, Alasmari TM (2024) Exploring the impact
-5.64 1.69 1.95
H0 of artificial intelligence on higher education: The
Awareness 3.66 dynamics of ethical, social, and educational implications.
Significant level=0.05 Humanities & Social Sci Commu 1-12.
Table 9: Significant Difference between Perception and 3. Manrique PC, Palomares NR (2024) embracing the
Awareness of Senior High School Students on the Ethical future: exploring teachers perspective and readiness
Implication of Artificial Intelligence in terms of grade level for integrating artificial intelligence (AI) in mathematics
(grade 12). classsroom in selected public and private senior high
school. Ignatian Inter J Multidisciplinary Res 2: 2655-
Table 9 shows the z-test result of perceptions and 2675.
awareness on the ethical implications of artificial intelligence.
It can be observed that there is no significant difference in 4. Adelana OP, Akinyemi AL (2021) Artificial Intelligence-
perceptions and awareness since the p-value (1.69). This Based Tutoring Systems Utilization For Learning: A
means that grade 12 students have no different perceptions Survey Of Senior Secondary Students’ Awareness and
and awareness on the ethical implications of artificial Readiness In Ijebu-Ode, Ogun, State. Unizik J Edu Res
intelligence. Furthermore, there is no significant difference Policy Stu 9: 6-28.
between perceptions and awareness in grade 12 towards
ethical implications of artificial intelligence. This means 5. Asio JM, Gadia ED (2024) Predictors of student

Fabrique KS, et al. Senior High School Students Perceptions and Awareness on the Ethical Copyright© Fabrique KS.
Implications of Artificial Intelligence. J Data Sci Artificial Int 2024, 2(1): 000155.
 10 Open Access Journal of Data Science & Artificial Intelligence

attitudes towards artificial intelligence: Implications importance of ethical design principles of artificial
and relevance to the higher education institutions. intelligence. Big Data & Society 1-15.
International Journal of Didactical Studies 5(2): 2-13.
12. Laschinger HS, Hall LM, Pedersen C, Almost J (2005) A
6. Eladia C, Legaspi JJ, Navarro M, Tanig T, Lampayan VB pychometric analysis of the patient satisfaction with
(2024) Eye on AI: Investigating the Intention to Use nursing care quality questionare: an actionable approach
and Acceptance of Generative Artificial Intelligence in to measuring patient satisfaction. Journal of Nursing
Bulacan State University. Educational Administration: Care quality 20(3): 220-230.
Theory Practice 30(8): 236-251.
13. Milloria BR, Marzon AM, Derasin LM (2024) Investigating
7. Elder R, Neal C, Davis BA, Almes E, Whitledge L, et al. AI-IN=Integrated Instruction in Improving Academic
(2004) Patient Satisfaction with triage nursing in a rural Performance of Senior High Students in the Philippines.
hospital emergency department. J Nurs Care Qual 19: J Harbin Engineering University 45(6): 61-66.
265-268.
14. Nguyen A, Ho HN, Hong Y, Dang B, Nguyen BPT (2022)
8. Glikson E, Wooley AW (2020) Human Trust In Artificial Ethical principles for artificial intelligence in education.
Intelligence: Review of Empirical Research. Academy of Edu Inf Technol 28(4): 4221-4241.
Management Annals 14(2): 627-660.
15. Shattell M (2004) Nurse-patient interaction: a review of
9. Herawati AA, Yusuf S, Ilfiandra TA, Habibi AY (2024) literature. J Clinical Nurs 13(6): 714 -722.
Exploring the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Education,
Students Preferences and Perceptions. AI-Ishlah: Jurnal 16. Waite SR, Sentence S (2023) Artificial Intelligence
Pendidikan 16(2): 1029-1040. teaching and learning in K-12 from 2019 to 2022: A
systematic literature review. Computers and Education:
10. Jr AO, Espallardo AK, Gomez CA, Viado EM, Ladion VJ, Artificial Intelligence pp: 1-14.
et al. (2023) Ethics in AI Governance: Comparative
Analysis, Implication, and Policy Recommendations 17. Wang C, Wang H, Li Y, Dai J, Teng XG (2024) Factors
for the Philippines. Inter Computer Sci Engineering Influencing University Students’ Behavioral Intention
Conference pp: 319-325. to Use Generative Artificial Intelligence: Integrating
the Theory of Planned Behavior and AI Literacy. Inter J
11. Kieslich K, Keller B, Starke C (2022) Artificial intelligence Human-Computer Interaction pp: 1-23.
ethics by design. Evaluating public perception on the

Fabrique KS, et al. Senior High School Students Perceptions and Awareness on the Ethical Copyright© Fabrique KS.
Implications of Artificial Intelligence. J Data Sci Artificial Int 2024, 2(1): 000155.