Motion In A Plane

MOTION IN A PLANE SYNOPSIS

MOTION IN TWO DIMENSION Y

(i) In a two dimensional motion, the motion takes place in a plane.
(x, y)
(ii) If the plane in which motion takes place is taken as the (X-Y) plane, P
the coordinates of a point in this plane will be in this plane will be
r
 
represented by (x, y) and the position vector r will be r  x iˆ  y ˆj X
O
(iii) If (x1, y1) are the coordinates of the position of a particle at time t1 and
Y
(x2, y2) are the coordinates of the particle at time t2 then
  r Q
r1  x1 iˆ  y 1 ˆj
and r 2  x 2 iˆ  y 2 ˆj P
(x 2,y2)
The displacement of the particle will be r1 y 1)
,
(x 1 r i
  
 r  r2  r1 = (x2 – x1) iˆ  ( y 2  y1 ) ˆj
X
| r | = [(x2 – x1)2 + (y2 – y1)2]1/2
O
(iv) The magnitude of displacement is
(v) At time t if the position is given by r  xiˆ  yjˆ ,
the instantaneous velocity of the particle at this position will be

 dr  dx  ˆ  dy  ˆ
v  i  
dt  dt 
j = v x iˆ  v y jˆ
 dt 

Speed or magnitude of velocity will be v  ( v x2  v y2 ) 1/ 2

 
(vi) If the particle is displaced from position r1 at time t1 to the position r2 at time t2 then average velocity
 
 r r
during the interval (t2 – t1) is vav  2 1
t 2  t1
(vii) Motion with uniform velocity : Suppose the coordinates of a particle at t = 0 are (x0, y0) and after
time t the coordinates become (x, y), then for uniform velocity
   
 r  r0 r  r0
v 
t0 t
  
or r  r0  vt
 x iˆ  y ˆj  ( x 0 iˆ  y 0 ˆj )  ( v x iˆ  v y ˆj ) t

 ( x0  v x t ) iˆ  ( y 0  v y t ) ˆj
or x = x0 + vxt
and y = y0 + vy t
(viii) Motion with constant acceleration :
  
 dv d 2 r
(a) If a is constant acceleration then a   2
dt dt
   
If the velocity is v 1 at time t1 and it becomes v 2 at time t2, then dv  a dt

v2 t
 2
Integrating  dv  a  dt
v1 t1

  
or v 2  v 1  a ( t 2  t 1 )
 
 v2  v1
 a
t 2  t1

VELOCITY INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 1

 Motion In A Plane
 
(b) Let the velocity at time t = 0 be u and the velocity at time t be v .
   
 v u v u
 a 
t0 t
  
or v  u  at

The components of v will be
vx= ux + axt and vy = uy + ayt

 dr  
(c) v   u  at
dt
  
 dr  (u  at)dt

r
    t  
Integrating from initial position r  r0 at t = 0 to position r at time t    (u  at) dt
dr

r0 0

   1
or r  r0  u t  a t 2
2
   1
 r  r0  u t  a t 2
2
In terms of Cartesian components
x = x0 + uxt + 1/2 ax t2
y = y0 + uyt + 1/2 ay t2
PROJECTILE MOTION
Ground to Ground Projection

Consider the motion of a bullet which is fired from a gun so that its initial velocity u makes an
angle  with the horizontal. Take x-axis along ground and y-axis along vertical.

u can be resolved as ux = u cos  (along horizontal) & uy = u sin  (along vertical)
motion of bullet can be resolved into horizontal and vertical motion.
• In horizontal direction there is no acceleration so it moves with constant velocity
vx = ux = u cos 
x
So distance traversed in time t is x = ux t or x = (u cos ) t or t  . ....(i)
u cos 

• The motion in the vertical direction is the same as that of a ball thrown upward with an initial
velocity
uy = u sin  and acceleration = – g downward.
So at time t vertical component of velocity vy = uy – gt = u sin  – gt ..........(ii)

VELOCITY INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 2

 Motion In A Plane
Displacement along y direction, y = (u sin ) t – 1/2 gt2 ..........(iii)
Substituting the value of t from eq. (i) in eq. (iii)
2

we get y = (u sin )  x   1 g  x 
   
 u cos   2  u cos  

g
or y = x tan  – .x2 .
2 u 2 cos 2 
This is equation of parabola.
• The trajectory of projectile is parabolic
The projectile w il l rise to maximum height H (where vx = u cos , vy = 0) and the move down again
to reach the ground at a distance R from origin.
Setting x = R and y = 0 (since projectile reaches ground again)
g
O = R tan  – 2 2
. R2
2 u cos 

2u 2 cos 2  sin 
We get R  
g cos 

2u 2
or R  .sin  cos 
g

u 2 sin 2 
or Range R 
g
• If time for upward journey is t at highest point
vy = 0 so 0 = (u sin ) – gt (vy = uy – gt)
u sin 
or t 
g
 T = 2t (it will take same time for downward journey)
2 u sin 
 Time of flight T 
g
• At the highest point y = H and vy = 0
u2y
So that H  v 2y  u 2y  2 gy
2g Note
u2 sin 2 
or Maximum Height H 
2g
• we can also determine R as follows x = ux t
so R = ux . T
 2u sin  
= (u cos )  
 g 

u2 sin 2
or R 
g

velocity at time t vt  vx t iˆ  vy t ˆj  (u cos )iˆ  (u sin   gt) jˆ
v  u2 cos2   (u sin   gt)2

VELOCITY INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 3

 Motion In A Plane
Note :
 x 2u2 sin  cos 
(i) Alternative equation of trajectory y = x tan   1   where R 
 R g
(ii) Vertical compound of velocity vy = 0, when particle is at the highest point of trajectory.
(iii) Linear momentum at highest point = mu cos  is in horizontal direction.
(iv) Vertical component of velocity is + ive when particle is moving up.
(v) Vertical component of velocity is –ive when particle is moving down.
 vy 
(vi) Resultant velocity of particle at time t v  vx2  vy2 at an angle  = tan–1   .
 vx 

(vii) Displacement from origin, s  x 2  y 2

SPECIAL POINTS
(1) For Projectile Motion
2 u sin  u2 sin 2 u2 sin 2 
T R H
g g 2g

(2) In case of Projectile Motion

The horizontal component of velocity (u cos ), accleration (g) and mechanical energy remains constant.
Speed, velocity, vertical component of velocity (u sin ), momentum, kinetic energy and potential
energy all change. Velocity and K.E. are maximum at the point of projection, while minimum (but
not zero) at the highest point. Same Range
(3) If angle of projection is changed from    = 90°
to  and  are two angles of projection
   '  (90  ),
with same velocity
2
u sin 2 '   u2 sin2(90 )
u sin2    R 2
then range R '     
g g g

High
u Rmax.
Trajectory
u u
Low
º Trajectory
45+
60 u u
=
=30º 45– 45º

So a projectile has same range for angles of projection  and (90 – )

But has different time of flight (T), Maximum height (H) & trajectories
 u2 cos 2 
Range is also same for 1 = 45° –  and 2 = 45° + .  equal 
 g 
(4) For maximum Range
R = Rmax  2 = 90°
u2
for  = 45° Rmax = [For sin 2 = 1 = sin 90° or  = 45°]
g
When range is maximum
u2 sin 2 45 u2
Then maximum height reached H (When Rmax ) or H
2g 4g
Rmax
Hence maximum height teached (for Rmax) H
4

VELOCITY INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 4

 Motion In A Plane

(5) For height H to be maximum

u2 sin2 
H = max
2g
i.e. sin2 = 1 (max)or for  = 90°
u2
So that Hmax =
2g
When projected vertically (i.e. at  = 90°) in this case
u2 sin(2  90) u2 sin180
Range R  0
g g

u2 u2
For vertical projection Hmax = & For oblique projection with same velocity Rmax = g
2g

R max
so Hmax =
2

u2
If a person can throw a projectile to a maximum distance (with  = 45°) Rmax =
g

R max
The maximum height to which he can throw the projectile (with  = 90°) Hmax =
2
(6) At Highest Point
u 2 sin 2  1
Potential energy will be max and equal to (PE)H = mgH = mg . or (PE)H = mu2 sin2 .
2g 2
While K.E. will be minimum (but not zero) and as at the highest point the vertical component of
velocity is zero.
1 1 1
( KE ) H  mv H2  m(u cos  ) 2  mu 2 cos 2 
2 2 2
1 1
so ( PE) H  ( KE) H  mv 2 sin 2   mu 2 cos2 
2 2
1
= mu2 = Total Mechanical energy
2
So in projectile motion mechanical energy is conserved.

1
mu 2 sin 2 
 PE  2
   1  tan 2 
 KE H 2 2
mu cos 
2

So if  = 45°
 tan2  = 1

1
PE = K.E. = M.E. at highest point i.e. if a body is projection at an angle  = 45° 10 the horizontal
2
then at highest point, half of its M.E. is K.E. and half is P.E.

VELOCITY INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 5

 Motion In A Plane
(7) In case of projectile motion if range R is n times the maximum height H, i.e. R = nH
u2 sin 2 u2 sin 2  n.sin 
then  n. or 2cos  =
g 2g 2

4 4
or tan  =   = tan–1  
n n
(8) Weight of a body in projectile motion is zero as it is a freely falling body.

Suppose a body is thrown horizontally from point O, with velocity u. Height of O from ground = H.
Let x-axis be along horizontal and y-axis be vertically downwards origin O is at point of projection
as shown is fig.
Let the particle be at P at a time t. The co-ordinates
of P are (x, y).
Distance travelled along x-axis at time t with uniform
velocity i.e velocity of projection and without
acceleration.
The horizontal component of velocity vx = u
and horizontal displacement x = u . t .....(i)
displacement along vertical direction is y to calculate y,
consider vertical motion of the projectile initial velocity
in vertical direction uy = 0.
acceleration along y direction ay = g (acc. due to gravity)
So vy = ay t (y component of velocity at time t)
or vy = gt .....(ii) (as body were dropped from a height)

Resultant velocity at time t is v  v iˆ  ( gt ) jˆ  v  u 2  ( gt ) 2
if  is the angle of velocity with x-axis (horizontal) tan   gt
u
1 2
and y gt ....(iii)
2
2
1 x x
or y g .  [from equation (i) t = ]
2 u u
g
or y 2
. x2
2u
g
or y = kx2 here k  (k is constant)
2u2
This is equation of a parabola.
A body thrown horizontally from a certain height above the ground follows a parabolic trajectory
till it hits the ground.

(i) Time of flight T  2H [as y = 1/2gt2 2H ]

T
g g
(ii) Range  horizontal distance covered = R.
R = u × time of flight
2H g
R  u. [ H = R2 ]
g 2u 2
(iii) Velocity when it hits the ground v g  u2  2 gH

VELOCITY INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 6

 Motion In A Plane

Time of Flight
Vertical displacements on inclined plane = 0
1
S y = Uy t + a t2
2 y
0 = Usin ( – ) t –1/2 (g cos )t2
2U sin(    )
t
g cos 
check by  = 0
2U sin 
t
g
Which is time of flight on horizontal plane.
Range of Inclined Plane
Sn = Uxt + 1/2 ax t2
(O O’) = U cos ( – )t – 1/2 g sin  t2 substituting the value of (t)
2
2U sin(   ) 1  2U sin(  ) 
= U cos ( – ) ×  g sin  .  
g cos  2  g cos  
2U 2 sin(  )(cos )
(OO’) = R = condition for maximum range
g cos 2 

 2 sin(   )(cos )   sin(2  )  sin  

R = U2 .   = U2   for Rmax sin (2 – ) = 1
 g cos 2   g cos2  
2  –  = /2   = /2 + /4
2
U [1  sin ] U2
Rmax = = 
g[1  sin2 ] g(1  sin )

U2
Rmax =
g(1  sin )

RELATIVE VELOCITY IN TWO DIMENSIONS

The relative velocity of an object A with respect to object B, when both are in motion, is the rate
of change of position of object A with respect to object B.
 
Suppose two objects A and B are moving with velocities v A and v B , with respect to ground or the
earth.
Then
Relative velocity of object A w.r.t. object B,
  
v AB  v A  vB
Relative velocity of object B w.r.t. Object A,
  
vBA  v B  v A
   
Clearly, v AB   v BA and v AB  v BA
 
Now, relative velocity of object A  v A  ( v B )

= Velocity vector of A + Negative velocity vector of B
Hence the relative velocity of object A with respect to object B is equal to the vector addition of
velocity vector of A and the negative velocity vector of B.

VELOCITY INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 7

 Motion In A Plane

RELATIVE VELOCITY IN A PLANE

 
Relative velocity of object A, moving with velocity v A w.r.t. object B moving with velocity v B is
given by
    
v AB  v A  ( v B )  v A  v B
Let the two objects be moving in a plane, and  be the angle
between the directions of motion of the objects A and

B, as shown in figure (a) , where v A  (OQ ) and

v B  (OP ) .
 
To find the relative velocity of object A w.r.t. B, superimpose velocity  v B  ( OP ') on both the objects
A and B. The object B is brought to rest and object A possesses two velocities vA along OQ and
vB along OP’, inclined at an angle (180   ) . Fig. (b). The relative velocity of object A w.r.t. B is
the resultant of velocities vA and vB acting at an angle (180   ) , which will be represented by the
diagonal OR of the parallelogram OQRP’, according to parallelogram law of vectors addition.
In magnitude, the relative velocity of A w.r.t. B is given by
v AB  v 2A  v B2  2v A v B cos(180   )  v A2  v B2  2v A v B cos
 
If v AB makes an angle  with the direction of v A then
v B sin(180   ) vB sin 
tan   
v A  v B cos(180   ) v A  v B cos 
Rain and Man
The man experiences the velocity of rain relative to himself. To protect himself from the rain, the
man should hold umbrella in the direction of relative velocity of rain w.r.t. the man.

As shown in figure, consider a man moving due east with velocity v M . Suppose the rain falls

vertically with velocity v R . The relative velocity of rain w.r.t. the man is
    
v RM  v R  v M  v R  (  v M )  OB  OC  OD
If OD makes angle  with the vertical, then
DB v M
tan   
OB vR
So the man can protect himself from rain by holding
his umbrella at an angle  with the vertical in the
direction of his motion.

VELOCITY INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 8

 Motion In A Plane
CLASSWORK
MOTION IN TWO DIMENSION 5. A partical is at point A( 3, 5). It has a velocity
of 4 m/s in x direction and velocity of 3 m/s in
1. A particle is moving with velocity 10 m/s y direction. Find its position vector after 2 sec.
along x axis. Find its displacement as a
function of time a) (11iˆ  11ˆj ) m b) (11 iˆ  5 ˆj ) m

a) 10 t b) 10î
c) (11 iˆ  15 ˆj  5kˆ ) m d) None

c) 10 t iˆ d) none 6. Displacement of a particle is given by


r  3 t iˆ  6 ˆj . Find its velocity vector
2. A particle is moving with constant velocity
of 10 m/s in y-axis and 5 m/s in x-axis. Write
a) ( 3iˆ  6 ˆj ) m/s b) ( 3iˆ ) m/s
its velocity in vector form

c) (3t) m/s d) None

a) 10 m/s b) ( 5 iˆ  10 ˆj ) m/s
7. Displacement vector of a particle is given by

c) 125 m/s d) (10 iˆ  5 ˆj ) m/s r  4t 2 iˆ  3tˆj . Find magnitude displacement at
t = 2 sec.
3. A partical’s velocity in 6 m/s in x-axis. Find
its displacement at 5 sec, if it starts from a) (10iˆ  6 ˆj ) m b) 292 m
origin
c) 290 m d) 390 m
a) ( 30 iˆ) m b) ( 30 iˆ  9 ˆj ) m
8. The co-ordinates of a moving particle are
x = at2, y = bt2 where a and b are constants.
c) ( 30 iˆ  30 ˆj ) m d) Can’t specify The velocity of the particle at any moment is

4. Find the displacement of particle if its a) 2t a 2  b 2 b) 2t a  b


velocity is given by v  ( 3 iˆ  5 ˆj ) m/s , at
c) 2t a 2  b 2 d) 2 a 2  b 2
t = 6 sec. Assume that partical is starting
from origin
9. The coordinates of a moving particle at any
time t are given by x   t 3 and y   t 3 . The
a) (18 iˆ  30 ˆj ) m
speed of the particle at time t is given by
b) 48 m
a) 3t  2   2 b) 3t 2  2   2
c) 35 m

d) Both (a) and (c) c) t 2  2   2 d) 2  2

VELOCITY INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 9

 Motion In A Plane

10. A particle is moving eastwards with a velocity OBLIQUE PROJECTILE MOTION

of 5 m/s. In 10 s, the velocity changes to 5 m/s
northwards. The average acceleration in this 14. In the entire path of a projectile, the quantity
time is that remains unchanged is

a) Vertical component of velocity

a) zero
b) Horizontal component of velocity
1
b) m s  2 towards north-west c) Kientic energy
2
d) Linear momentum

1 15. The horizontal range of a projectile is

c) m s  2 towards north-east
2 maximum when the angle of projection is

a) 0° b) 30°
1
d) m s  2 towards north c) 45° d) 60°
2
16. At what point of a projectile motion
11. The x and y co-ordinates of a particle at any acceleration and velocity are perpendicular to
time t are given by x = 7t + 4t2 and y = 5t, where each other
x and y are in m and t in s. The acceleration of a) At the point of projection
the particle at 5 s is
b) At the pint of drop
–2
a) zero b) 8 ms
c) At the topmost point
c) 20 ms–2 d) 40 ms–2 d) Any where in between the point of
projection and topmost point
12. A particle motion on a shape curve is
governed by x = 2 sin t, y = 3 cos t and 17. A ball is projected with kinetic energy E at
an angle of 45° to the horizontal. At the
z  5 sin t . What is the magnitude of velocity
highest point during its flight, its kinetic
of the particle at any time t ? energy will be

a) 3 2 sin t b) 3 a) Zero b) E/2

c) E / 2 d) E
c) 3 2 cos t d) 3 2
18. The maximum range of a projectile fired with
13. If the velocity (in ms–1) of a particle is given some initial velocity is found to be 1000 metre,
in the absence of wind and air resistance. The
by 4.0iˆ  6.0t ˆj , then the magnitude of its maximum height reached by this projectile
acceleration (in ms–2) is is

a) 250 metre b) 500 metre

a) 4 b) 9
c) 1000 metre d) 2000 metre
c) 1 d) 5

VELOCITY INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 10

 Motion In A Plane

19. A ball is thrown upwards at a certain angle 23. A hose lying on the ground shoots a stream
with the horizontal and it returns to the of water upward at an angle of 60° to the
ground describing a parabolic path. Which of horizontal with a velocity of 16 ms–1 . The
height at which the water strikes the wall 8
the following remains constant ?
m away is
a) Momentum of the ball a) 8.96 m b) 10.96 m

b) Kinetic energy of the ball c) 12.96 m d) 6.96 m

24. A stone is projected with a velocity 20 2 ms–1

c) Vertical component of the velocity
at an angle of 45° to the horizontal. The average
d) Horizontal component of the velocity velocity of stone during its motion from
starting point to its maximum height is
20. A projectile is thrown at an angle of 40° with (g = 10 m s–2)
the horizontal and its range is R1. Another
projectile is thrown at an angle 40° with the a) 5 2 m s 1 b) 10 5 m s 1
vertical and its range is R2. What is the relation
c) 20 m s 1 d) 20 5 m s 1
between R1 and R2 ?
25. The angle of projection at which the
a) R1  R2 b) R1  2R2 horizontal range and maximum height of
projectile are equal is
R2 4 R2 a) 45°
c) R1  d) R1 
2 5
b) Q  tan1 (0.25)
21. A stone is thrown at an angle  to the
c) Q  tan 1 4 or (  76)
horizontal reaches a maximum height H. Then
the time of flight of stone will be d) 60°
26. A projectile is projected with kinetic energy
2H 2H K. If it has the maximum possible horizontal
a) g b) 2 g range, then its kinetic energy at the highest
point will be
a) 0.25 K b) 0.5 K
2 2 H sin 2 H sin
c) d) c) 0.75 K d) 1.0 K
g g
27. If a body A of mass M is thrown with velocity
V at an angle of 30° to the horizontal and
22. A cricketer can throw a ball to a maximum another body B of the same mass is thrown
horizontal distance of 100. With the same with the same speed at an angle of 60° to the
speed how much high above the ground can horizontal. The ratio of horizontal range of A
the cricketer throw the same ball ? to B will be
a) 1 : 3 b) 1 : 1
a) 50 m b) 100 m
c) 1 : 3 d) 3 :1
c) 150 m d) 200 m

VELOCITY INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 11

 Motion In A Plane
28. The horizontal range is four times the 32. Galileo writes that for angles of projection of
maximum height attained by a projectile. The a projectile at angle ( 45   ) and ( 45   ) , the
angle of projection is horizontal ranges described by the projectile
are in the ratio of (if   45 )
a) 90° b) 60°
a) 2 : 1 b) 1 : 2
c) 45° d) 30°
c) 1 : 1 d) 2 : 3
29. A projectile is fired at an angle of 45° with
33. A body rolls down a stair case of 5 steps.
the horizontal. Elevation angle of the
Each step has height 0.1 m and width 0.1m.
projectile at its highest point as seen from the
With what velocity will the body reach the
point of projection, is bottom?

a) 5 2 m/s b) (1 / 2 ) m/s
1  3 
a) tan  
 b) 45°
 2 
c) 2 2 m/s d) 5 / 2 m/s

1 1 34. For a given velocity, a projectile has the same

c) 60° d) tan range R for two angles of projection if t1 and
4
t2 are the times of flight in the two cases then
30. The equation of motion of a projectile are
a) t1t 2  R 2 b) t1t 2  R
given by x = 36 t metre and 2y = 96t – 9.8t2
metre. The angle of projection is
1 1
c) t1t 2  d) t1t 2 
R R2
1  4  1  3 
a) sin   b) sin   35. If a stone is to hit at a point which is at a
5  5
distance d away and at a height h above the
point from where the stone starts as shown
1  4  1  3  in the figure then what is the value of initial
c) sin   d) sin  
3 4 speed u if stone is launched at an angle  ?

31. The height y and the distance x along the

horizontal plane of a projectile on a certain
planet (with no surrounding atmosphere) are
given by y = (8t – 5t2) m and x = 6t m, where t
is in second. The velocity with which the
projectile is projected is

a) 8 m/sec
g d d g
a) cos  2( d tan   h) b) cos 2(d tan   h)
b) 6 m/sec

c) 10 m/sec
gd 2 gd 2
d) Not obtainable from the data c) d)
h cos 2  (d  h )

VELOCITY INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 12

 Motion In A Plane

36. A particle is projected from the ground with 39. A bomber plane moves horizontally with a
an initial speed u at an angle  with the speed of 500 m/s and a bomb released from
horizontal. The average velocity of the it, strikes the ground in 10 sec. Angle at which
particle between its point of projection and it strikes the ground will be
highest point of trajectory is
(g = 10 m/s2)
a) u cos 
1  1  1  1 
u a) tan   b) tan  
b) 1  cos 2  5 2
2

c) tan1 1 d) tan1 5

u
c) 1  2 cos 2 
2
40. A large number of bullets are fired in all
directions with same speed  . What is the
u
d) 1  3 cos 2  maximum area on the ground on which these
2
bullets wil spread

HORIZONTAL PROJECTILE MOTION

2 4
a)  b) 
37. A particle (A) is dropped from a height and g g2
another particle (B) is thrown in horizontal
direction with speed of 5 m/sec from the same
2 4 2 2
height. The correct statement is c)  d) 
g2 g2
a) Both particles will reach at ground
simultaneously 41. Two tall buildings are situated 200 m apart.
With what speed must a ball be thrown
b) Both particles will reach at ground with
horizontally from the window 550 m above
same speed
the ground in one building so that it will enter
c) Particle (A) will reach at ground first with a window 50 m above the ground in the other
respect to particle (B) building ? Take g = 10 ms–2.

d) Particle (B) will reach at ground first with a) 20 ms–1 b) 10 ms–1

respect to particle (A)
c) 30 ms–1 d) 40 ms–1
38. A particle moves in a plane with constant
acceleration in a direction different from the 42. An aeroplane is flying horizontally with a
initial velocity. The path of the particle will velocity of 600 km/h at a height of 1960 m.
be When it is vertically at a point A on the
ground, a bomb is released from it. The bomb
a) A straight line strikes the ground at point B. The distance
AB is
b) An arc of a circle

c) A parabola a) 1200 m b) 0.33 km

d) An ellipse c) 3.33 km d) 33 km

VELOCITY INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 13

 Motion In A Plane
43. A body is thrown horizontally from the top
of a tower and strikes the ground in 3 seconds 47. A boat is moving with a velocity 3iˆ  4 ˆj with
at an angle of 45° with the horizontal. Find respect to the ground. The water in the river
the height of the tower and the speed with
which it was projected. is flowing with a velocity  3iˆ  4 ˆj with

a) 45.1 m ; 30.4 ms–1 respect to the ground. The velcoity of the boat
relative to the water is
b) 44.1 m ; 29.4 ms–1

c) 45.1 m ; 32.4 ms–1 a) 6iˆ  8 ˆj b) 8iˆ  6 ˆj

d) 47.1 m ; 32.4 ms–1

c) 6iˆ  6 ˆj d) None of these
RELATIVE MOTION IN TWO DIMENSION
48. Two boys are standing at the ends A and B of
44. A 150 m long train is moving to north at a
speed of 10 m/s. A parrot flying towards south a ground where AB = a. The boy at B starts
with a speed of 5 m/s crosses the train. The running in a direction perpendicular to AB
time taken by the parrot to cross the train with velocity v1. The boy at A starts running
would be simultaneously with velocity v and catches
the other boy in a time t, where t is
a) 30 s b) 15 s

c) 8 s d) 10 s a
a) v  v
1
45. A person standing on a moving truck, throws
a stone vertically up relative to himself. To a
person, standing on the ground, the stone a
b) v  v
appears to : (immediately after being thrown). 1

a) Rise vertically up and come down

a
b) Rise towards the rear of the truck c)
v  v12
2

c) Move along a parabolic path

a
d) Rise straight and forward but inclined to the d)
v  v12
2
direction of motion of truck.

46. A car A is going north-east at 80 km/h and 49. A flag is mounted on a car moving due North
another car B is going south-east at 60 km/h. with velocity of 20 km/hr. Strong winds are
The direction of the velocity of A relative to blowing due east with velocity of 20 km/hr.
B makes an angle with the north equal to The flag will point in direction

a) tan–1 (2/7) a) East

b) tan–1 (7/2) b) North-East

c) tan–1 (7) c) South-East

d) tan–1 (1/7) d) South-West

VELOCITY INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 14

 Motion In A Plane
  55. A boy can swim in still water at 1 m/s. He
50. Let r1 (t )  3t iˆ  4t 2 ˆj and r2 (t )  4t 2 iˆ  3tˆj
swims across a river flowing at 0.6 m/s which
represent the positions of particles 1 and 2,
 is 336 m wide. If he travels in shortest possible
respectively as function of time t; r1 (t ) and
time, then what time he takes to cross the

r2 (t ) are in meter and t in second. The relative river?
speed of the two particles at the instant t = 1s,
will be a) 250 s b) 420 s

c) 340 s d) 336 s
a) 1 m/s b) 3 2 m/s
56. A river 500 m wide is flowing at a rate of
c) 5 2 m/s d) 7 2 m/s 4 m/s. A boat is sailing at a velocity of
10 m/s with respect to the water, in a direction
51. A boat having a speed of 5 km/hr. in still
perpendicular to the river. The time taken by
water, crosses a river of width 1 km long the
the boat to reach the opposite bank
shortest possible path in 15 minutes. The
speed of the river in Km/hr. a) 30 s b) 40 s
a) 1 b) 3
c) 50 s d) 60 s
c) 4 d) 41
57. A man can swim in still water with a speed
52. A boat is moving with a velocity 3i + 4j with of 2 m/s. If he wants to cross a river of water
respect to the ground. The water in the river current speed 3 m/s along shortest possible
is moving with a velocity –3i – 4j with respect
path, then in which direction should he
to the ground. The relative velocity of the boat
swim?
with respect to water is

a) 8j b) –6i –8j a) at an angle 120° to the water current

c) 6i + 8j d) 5 2 b) at an angle 150° to the water current

53. A river is flowing due east with a speed c) at anaangle 90° to the water current
3 ms–1. A swimmer can swim in still water at
d) none of these
a speed of 4 ms–1. If swimmer starts swimming
due north, then the resultant velocity of the 58. A man can swim in still water at a speed of
swimmer is
3 km/h. He wants to cross a river that flows at
a) 3 ms–1 b) 5 ms–1 2 km/h and reach the point directly opposite
to his starting point. In which direction
c) 7 ms–1 d) 2 ms–1 should he try to swim
54. A boat is sent across a river with a velocity of
a) sin–1 (2/3)
8 km/h. If the resultant velocity of the boat is
10 km/h, the river is flowing with a velocity b) sin–1 (2/5)
of
c) sin–1 (3/4)
a) 12.8 km/h b) 6 km/h

c) 8 km/h d) 10 km/h d) sin–1 (3/5)

VELOCITY INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 15

 Motion In A Plane
59. A river flows with a speed more than the 61. Rain is falling vertically with a speed of
maximum speed with which a person can 35 m s–1. Winds starts blowing after sometime
swim in still water. he intends to cross the with a speed of 12 m s –1 in east to west
river by shortest possible path. Which of the direction. At what angle with the vertical
following is correct? should a boy waiting at a bus stop hold his
umbrella to protect himself from rain?
a) He should start normal to the river bank.
1  12  1  12 
b) he should start in such a way that, he moves a) sin   b) cos  
 35   35 
c) He should start in a particular (calcualted)
 1  12  1  12 
c) tan   d) cot  
d) The man cannot cross the river, in that way  35   35 
62. A river is flowing from east to west at a speed
60. A man can swim at a speed of 3 km/h in still
of 5 m/min. A man on south bank of river,
water. He wants to cross a 500 m wide river
capable of swimming 10 m/min in still water,
flowing at 2 km/h. He keeps himself always at
wants to swim across the river in the shortest
an angle of 120° with the river flow while
time. He should swim
swimming. The time he takes to cross the
river is a) Due north
b) Due north-east
a) 10 / 3 min b) 20 / 3 min
c) Due north-east with double the speed of river
c) 30 / 3 min d) 40 / 3 min d) None of these

VELOCITY INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 16

 Motion In A Plane
ASSIGNMENT
MOTION IN TWO DIMENSION 6. The figure shows the velocity and
acceleration of a point like body at the initial
1. A particle moves in a circle of radius 25 cm at moment of its motion. The acceleration vector
two revoltuions per sec. The acceleration of of the body remains constant. The minimum
the particle in m/s2 is radius of curvature of trajectory of the body
is
a)  2 b) 8 2

c) 4 2 d) 2 2

2. A particle P is moving in a circle of radius ‘a’

with a uniform speed v. C is the centre of the
a) 2 m b) 3 m
circle and AB is a diameter. When passing
through B the angular velocity of P about A c) 8 m d) 16 m
and C are in the ratio 7. In 1.0 s, a particle
a) 1 : 1 b) 1 : 2 goes from point A
to point B, moving
c) 2 : 1 d) 4 : 1
in a semicircle of
3. A particle covers equal distance around a
radius 1.0 m (see
circular path, in equal intervals of time.
Which of the following quantities connected figure). The
with the motion of the particle remains magnitude of the average velocity is
constant with time? a) 3.14 m/s b) 2.0 m/s
a) Dispalcement b) Velocity c) 1.0 m/s d) Zero

c) Speed d) Acceleration OBLIQUE PROJECTILE MOTION

4. A cyclist is riding with a speed of 27 km h–1. 8. Four bodies A, B, C and D are projected with
As he approaches a circular turn on the road equal velocity having angles of projection 15°,
of radius 80 m, he applies brakes and reduces 30°, 45° and 60° with the horizontal
his speed at teh constant rate of 0.50 m s–1 respectively. The body having he shortest
every second. The net accceleration of the range is
cyclist on the circular turn is a) A b) B
a) 0.68 m s–2 b) 0.86 m s–2 c) C d) D
c) 0.56 m s–2 d) 0.76 m s–2 9. Two stones are projected with the same speed
5. Positon vecotr of a particle moving in xy plane but making different angles with the
 horizontal. Their ranges are equal. If the angle
at time t is r  a1  cos t iˆ  a sin tˆj . The
of projection of one is  / 3 and its maximum
path of the particle is height is h1 then the maximum height of the
a) a circle of radius a and center at (a, 0) other will be
b) a circle of radius a and center at (0, 0) a) 3h1 b) 2h1
c) an ellipse c) h1/2 d) h1/3
d) neither a circle nor an ellipse

VELOCITY INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 17

 Motion In A Plane
10. If R is the maximum horizontal range of a 15. A stone is thrown at an angle  to the
particle, then the greatest height attained by horizontal reaches a maximum height H. Then
it is the time of flight of stone will be
a) R b) 2R
2H 2H
c) R/2 d) R/4 a) b) 2
g g
11. A body of mass 2 kg has an initial velocity of
3 m/s along x-axis and it is subjected to a force
of 4 N in y-direction. The distance of the body 2 2 H sin 2 H sin
c) d)
from origin after 4 seconds will be : (the body g g
was subjected to force at the origin at t = 0)
16. Two paper screens A and B are separated by
a) 12 m b) 28 m
150 m. A bullet pierces A and B. The hole in B
c) 20 m d) 48 m is 15 cm below the hole in A. If the bullet is
12. A projectile can have the same range R for travelling horizontally at the time of hitting
two angles of projection. If t1 and t2 be the A, then velocity of the bullet at A is
times of flight in the two cases, then what is (g = 10 ms–2).
the product of two times of flight?
a) 100 3ms1 b) 200 3ms1
a) t1t 2  R 2 b) t1t 2  R
c) 300 3ms1 d) 500 3ms1
1 1
c) t1t 2  d) t1t 2  2
R R 17. if R and H represent horizontal range and
maximum height of the projectile, then the
13. The equation of motion of a projectile is
angle of projection with the horizontal is
3 2
y  12 x  x 1  H 
4 a) tan  
R
The horizontal component of velocity is 3 ms–1.
Given that g = 10 ms–2, what is the range of 1  2 H 
the projectile? b) tan  
 R 
a) 12.4 m b) 21.6 m
1  4 H 
c) 30.6 m d) 36.0 m c) tan  
 R 
14. The trajectory of a projectile in a vertical plane
is y = ax – bx2, where a and b are constants
1  4 R 
and x and y are respectively horizontal and d) tan  
 H 
vertical distances of the projectile from the
point of projection. The maximum height 18. Two tall buildings are 30 m apart. The speed
attained by the particle and the angle of with which a ball must be thrown
projection from the horizontal are horizontally from a window 150 m above the
ground in one building so that it enters a
b2 a2 window 27.5 m from the ground in the other
a) , tan 1 b  b) , tan 1 2b 
2a b building is
a) 2 ms–1 b) 6 ms–1
a2 2a 2
c) , tan 1 a  d) , tan 1 a  c) 4 ms–1 d) 8 ms–1
4b b
VELOCITY INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 18
 Motion In A Plane
19. A particle is projected under gravity with 24. A particle is projected

velocity 2 ag from a point at a height h above from the inclined plane

the level plane at an angle  to it. The at angle 37° with the
maximum range R on the ground is inclined plane in upward direction with
speed 10 m/s. The angle of inclined plane with
a) ( a 2  1)h b) a2 h horizontal is 53°. Then the maximum height
attained by the particle from the inclined
c) ah d) 2 aa  h 
plane will be
20. A ball is thrown from the top of a tower with a) 3 m b) 4 m
an initial velocity of 10 m s–1 at an angle of
30° with the horizontal. If it hits the ground c) 5 m d) zero
of a distance of 17.3 m from the back of the 25. on an inclined plane of inclination 30°, a ball
tower, the height of the tower is is thrown at an angle of 60° with the
(Take g = 10 m s–2) horizontal from the foot of the incline with a
a) 5 m b) 20 m velocity of 10 3 ms–1. Then the ball will hit
c) 15 m d) 10 m the inclined plane in
21. A boy projects a stone vertically a) 1 s b) 2 s
perpendicular to the trolly car with a speed v.
If the trolley car moves with a constant c) 2 3 s d) 4 3 s
velocity u, the time of flight of the stone is
26. Time taken by the
uv 2v
a) g b) g projectile to reach
from A to B is t.
2u Then the distance
c) g d) none of these
AB is equal to
22. A particles is projected up with a velocity of
ut 3ut
v 0 = 10 m/s at an angle of  0  60 with a) b)
3 2
horizontal onto a inclined plane. The angle
of inclination of the plane is 30°. The time of c) d) 2ut
3ut
flight of the particle till it strikes the plane is
(take g = 10 m/s2) 27. A particle is projected with velocity 30° above
a) 1s b) 1/2 s on an inclined plane, inclination of which
from horizontal is 37°. Choose the appropriate
2 1
c) s d) s path (air resistance is negligible)
3 2 3
23. Referring previous problem, the time after
which the particle attains maximum height is
a) b)
1 3
a) s b)
2 3 2

2
c) s d) 1 s c) d)
3

VELOCITY INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 19

 Motion In A Plane
28. A ball is thrown at 32. A body is projected at 30° with the horizontal.
The air offers resistance in proportion to the
angle  90      velcotiy of the body. Which of the following
on inclined plane as statements is correct?

shown in figure. The minimum speed of the a) The trajectory is a symmetrical parabola
ball during the motion is b) The time of rise to the maximum height is
a) u cos b) u cos  equal to the time of return to the ground
c) The velocity at the highest pint is directed
c) u cos    d) zero
along the horizontal
29. A particle is projected from the bottom of an d) The sum of the kinetic and potential
inclined plane of inclination 30°. At what energies remains constant
angle (from the horizontal) should the particle
be projected to get maximum range on the 33. A projectile A is projected from ground. An
inclined plane observer B running on ground with uniform
velocity of magnitude ‘v’ observes A to move
a) 45° b) 53° along a straight line. The time of flight of A
c) 76° d) 60° as measured by B is T. Then the range R of
projectile on ground is
30. A ball thrown
a) R = vT b) R < vT
down the incline
c) R > vT
strikes at a point
d) information insufficient to draw inference
on the incline
34. The horizontal range and maximum height
25 m below the
attained by a projectile are R and H
horizontal as shown in the figure. If the ball respectively. If a constant horizontal
rises to a maximum height of 20 m above the acceleration a = g/ 4 is imparted to the
point of projection, the angle of projection  projectile due to wind, then its horizontal
(with horizontal x axis) is range and maximum height will be :

1 4 1 3 H  H
a) tan b) tan a) ( R  H ), b)  R   , 2 H
3 4 2  2

1 3 1 2 c) ( R  2 H ), H d) ( R  H ), H
c) tan d) tan
2 3
35. A projectile is fired
31. A ball is thrown from a point with a speed v0
with initial momentum
at an angle of projection  . From the same
point and at the same instant a person starts p at an angle 45° from a point P as shown in
running with a constant speed v0/2 to catch figure. Neglecting air resistance, the
the ball. Will the person be able to catch the magnitude of change in momentum between
ball? If yes, what should be the angle of leaving P and arriving at Q is :
projection?
a) p / 2 b) p 2
a) Yes, 60° b) Yes, 30°
c) p d) 2 p
c) No d) Yes, 45°

VELOCITY INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 20

 Motion In A Plane
36. Two identical balls are projected, one 40. Two balls A and B are thrown with speeds u
vertically up and the other at an angle of 30° and u/2 respectively. Both the balls cover the
to the horizontal, with same initial speed. The same horizontal distance before returning to
potential energy at the highest point is in the the plane of projection. If the angle of
ratio : projection of ball B is 15° with the horizontal,
then the angle of projection of A is :
a) 4 : 3 b) 3 : 4
c) 4 : 1 d) 1 : 4 1 1 1
a) sin 1   b) sin 1  
37. Two point particles with masses m1 and m2 8 2 8
are thrown at angles  1 and  2 with
1  1 1 1
horizontal with speeds v1 and v2 respectively. c) sin 1   d) sin 1  
3 8 4 8
Let v1 sin1  v2 sin 2 . The for both particles
41. A particle is projected with a velocity
a) T, H and R are different

b) H and R will be same but T will be different v  8iˆ  6 ˆj m / s . The time after which it will

c) T and R are same but H will be different start moving perpendicular to its initial
direction of motion is
d) T and H are same but R is different.
a) 0.5 s b) 1.25 s
38. Two particles A and B are projected
simultaneously from a point situated on a c) 1 s d) 5/3 s
horizontal place. The particle A is projected 42. The maximum height attained by a projectile
vertically up with a velociy v A while the is increased by 10%. Keeping the angle of
particle B is projected up at an angle of 30° projection constant, what is the percentage
with horizontal with a velocity v B. After increase in the time of flight?
5 s th particles were observed moving
mutually perpendicular to each other. The a) 5% b) 10%
velocity of projection of the particle vA and vB c) 20% d) 40%
respectively are :
43. The ceiling of a hall is 40 m high. For
a) 50 ms–1, 100 m/s maximum horizontal distance, the angle at
b) 100 ms–1, 50 m/s which the ball may be thrown with a speed
of 56 ms–1 with hitting the ceiling of the hall
c) vA can have any value greater than a certain
is
value, 100 ms–1
a) 25° b) 30°
d) none of these
c) 45° d) 60°
39. The friction of the air cuses a vertical
retardation equal to 10% of the acceleration 44. In the previous problem, the maximum
due to gravity (take g = 10 ms–2). The maximum horizontal distance will be
height will be decreased by :
a) 160 3 m b) 140 3 m
a) 8% b) 9%
c) 10% d) 11% c) 120 3 m d) 100 3 m

VELOCITY INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 21

 Motion In A Plane
45. A shell fired from the ground is just able to 49. A fighter plane is flying horizontally at an
cross in a horizontal direction the top of a wall altitude of 1.5 km with speed 720 km h–1. At
90 m away and 45 m high. The direction of what angle of sight (w.r.t. horizontal) when
projection of the shell will be: the target is seen, should the pilot drop the
bomb in order to attack the target?
a) 25° b) 30°
(Take g = 10 m s–2)
c) 60° d) 45°
46. The angle which the velocity vector of a 1  3  1  3 
a) tan  
 b) tan  

projectile thrown with a velocity u at an angle  4   2 
 to the horizontal will make with the
horizontal after time t of its being thrown up is 1  1 
c) tan   d) tan1 2 
a)  2
50. A ball is projected horizontally with a speed
1   
b) tan   v from the top of plane inclined at an angle
t 45° with the horizontal. How far from the
point of projection will the ball strike the
1  v cos  plane?
c) tan  

 v sin   gt 
2v 2  2v 2 
a) b) 2 
v sin  gt 
1 
g  g 
d) tan  
 v cos 
v2 v2
c) d) 2
HORIZONTAL PROJECTILE MOTION g g
47. A man A is sitting in the rear end of a long RELATIVE MOTION IN TWO DIMENSION
compartment of a train running at constant
51. A person standing on a moving truck, throws
horizontal velocity, tosses a coin to a person
B, near the front end of the compartment. The a stone vertically up relative to himself. To a
trajectory of the coin is, as seen by B and a person, standing on the ground, the stone
person C on the ground, will have appears to : (immediately after being thrown).
a) diff erent vertical ranges, but equal a) Rise vertically up and come down
horizontal ranges b) Rise towards the rear of the truck
b) equal horizontal an equal vertical ranges c) Move along a parabolic path
c) equal vertical ranges but different d) Rise straight and forward but inclined to the
horizontal ranges direction of motion of truck.
d) different vertical and different horizontal 52. A man runs along a horizontal road holding
ranges his umbrella vertical in order to afford
48. A bomber moving horizontally with 500 m/s maximum protection from rain. The rain is
drops a bomb which strikes ground in 10 s. actually
The angle of strike with horizontal is a) Falling vertical
1 1 b) Coming from front of the man
a) sin b) tan 1 1
5
c) Coming from the back of the man
1 1 d) Either of (a), (b) or (c)
c) tan d) tan 1 5
5

VELOCITY INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 22

 Motion In A Plane
53. To the captain of a ship A travelling with 57. A car is moving along a road with a speed of
 45 km/hr. In what direction must a body be
 
velocity v A  3iˆ  4 ˆj km/h, a second ship B
projected from it with a velocity of 25 m/s, so

appears to have a velocity 5iˆ  12 ˆj km/h. that its resultant motion is at right angles to
teh direction of car?
What is the true velocity of the ship B?
a) At an angle of 120° with he direction of
a) 2iˆ  16 ˆj km/h b) 13iˆ  8 ˆj km/h motion of car.
b) At an angle of 60° with the direction of
 
c)  2iˆ  16 ˆj km/h d) 8 iˆ  ˆj km/h motion of car.
c) At an angle of 90° with the direction of
54. A car ‘A’ move sdue north at a speed of
40 km/hr, while another car ‘B’ moves due east motion of car.
at a speed of 30 km/hr. Find the velocity of d) At an angle of 135° with the direction of
car B relative to car A (both in magnitude and motion of car.
direction).
58. Three ships A, B & C are in motion. The
motion of A as seen by B is with speed v
1  3 
a) 40 km/hr, at an angle tan   east of south towards north-east. The motion of B as seen
5
by C is with speed v towards the north west.
Then as seen by A, C will be moving towards
1  3 
b) 50 km/hr, at an angle tan   east of south a) north b) south
5
c) east d) west
1  3 
c) 40 km/hr, at angle tan   east of south 59. A swimmer crosses a following stream of
4 width  to and from in time t1. The time
taken to cover the same distance up and down
1  3  the stream is t2. If t3 is the time the swimmer
d) 50 km/hr, at angle tan   east of south
4 would take to swim a distance 2 in still
55. A flag is mounted on a car moving due North water, then
with velocity of 20 km/hr. Strong winds are
a) t12  t 2 t 3 b) t 22  t1t 3
blowing due east with velocity of 20 km/hr.
The flag will point in direction c) t 32  t1t 2 d) t 3  t1  t 2
a) East b) North-East
60. A man is crossing a river
c) South-East d) South-West
following with velocity of
56. Wind is blowing in the north direction at
5 m/s. He reaches a point
speed of 2 m/s which causes the rain to fall at
some angle with the vertical. With what directly across at a distance of 60 m in 5 sec.
velocity should a cyclist drive so that the rain His velocity in still water should be
appears vertical to him ? a) 12 m/s b) 13 m/s
a) 2 m/s south b) 2 m/s north c) 5 m/s d) 10 m/s
c) 4 m/s west d) 4 m/s south

VELOCITY INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 23

 Motion In A Plane
61. A boy can swim in still water at 1 m/s. He 65. Rain is falling vertically with a speed of
swims across a river flowing at 0.6 m/s which 35 m s–1. Winds starts blowing after sometime
is 336 m wide. If he travels in shortest possible with a speed of 12 m s –1 in east to west
time, then what time he takes to cross the direction. At what angle with the vertical
river? should a boy waiting at a bus stop hold his
umbrella to protect himself from rain?
a) 250 s b) 420 s
1  12  1  12 
c) 340 s d) 336 s a) sin   b) cos  
 35   35 
62. A river flows with a speed more than the
 1  12  1  12 
maximum speed with which a person can c) tan   d) cot  
 35   35 
swim in still water. he intends to cross the
river by shortest possible path. Which of the 66. A train 1 moves from east to west and another
following is correct? train 2 moves from west to east on the equator
with equal speeds relative to ground. The
a) He should start normal to the river bank.
a1
ratio of their centripetal acceleration a
b) he should start in such a way that, he moves 2

relative to centre of earth is

c) He should start in a particular (calcualted)
a) > 1 b) = 1
d) The man cannot cross the river, in that way.
c) < 1 d)  1
63. A man wishes to cross a river in a boat. If he
67. A very broad elevator is going up vertically
crosses the river in minimum time he takes
with a constant acceleration of 2 m/s2. At the
10 minutes with a drift of 120 m. If he crosses
instant when its velocity is 4 m/s a ball is
the river taking shortest route, he takes
projected from the floor of the lift with a
12.5 minutes. Find velocity of the boat with speed of 4 m/s relative to the floor at an
respect to water. elevation of 30°. Time taken by the ball to
a) 20 m/min b) 12 m/min return the floor is (g = 10 m/s2)

1 1
c) 10 m/min d) 8 m/min a) s b) s
2 3
64. A person walks at the rate of 3 km/hr. Rain
1
appears to him in vertical direction at the rate c) s d) 1 s
4
of 3 3 km/hr. Find magnitude and direction
68. Two particles move in a uniform gravitational
of true velocity of rain. field with an acceleration g. At the initial
moment the particles were located at one
a) 6 km/hr, inclined at an angle of 45° to the
point and move with velocities v1 = 3.0 m/s
vertical towards the person’s motion.
and v 2 = 4.0 m/s horizontally in opposite
b) 3 km/hr, inclined at an angle of 30° to the directions. Find the distance between the
vertical towards the person’s motion. particles at the moment when their velocity
vectors become mutually perpendicular.
c) 6 km/hr, inclined at an angle of 30° to the
a) 5 m b) 7 3 m
vertical towards the person’s motion

d) 6 km/hr, inclined at an angle of 60° to the 7 3 7

c) m d) m
vertical towards the person’s motion. 5 2

VELOCITY INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 24

 Motion In A Plane

69. A smooth square 71. A wedge is placed

on a smooth
platform ABCD
horizontal plane
is moving towards and a rat runs on its sloping side. The velocity
right with a uniform speed v. At what of wedge is v = 4 m/s towards right. What should
angle  must a particle be projected from A be the velocity of rat with respect to wedge (u),
with speed u so that it strikes the point B so that the rat appear to move in vertical
direction to an observer standing on ground?
u v a) 2 m/s b) 4 m/s
a) sin 1   b) cos 1  
v u c) 8 m/s d) 4 2 m/s
72. Four persons K, L, M and N are initially at the
u v corners of a square of side of length d. If every
c) cos 1   d) sin 1  
v u person starts moving, such that K always
heads towards L, L heads towards M, M heats
70. A train is travelling along a horizontal rail at
directly towards N and N heads towards K,
the rate of 90 km/hr and rain, driven by wind
then the four persons will meet after
blowing in the direction of motion of train,
falls at a velocity of 12.5 m/s making an angle d 2d
a) sec b) sec
of 30° to the vertical. Find the velocity of rain v v
(in magnitude and direction) as seen from the
d d
train. c) sec d) sec
2v 2v
25 5 73. A particle P is
a) m/s, inclined at an angle of 30° to the
2 sliding down a
vertical away from train’s motion. frictionless
hemispherical bowl. It passes the point A at
25 3 t = 0. At this instant of time, the horizontal
b) m/s, inclined at an angle of 30° to the component of its velocity is v. A bead Q of
2
the same mass as P is ejected from A at t = 0
vertical away from train’s motion.
along the horizontal string AB (see figure)
with the speed v. Friction between the bead
35 3
c) m/s, inclined at an angle of 60° to the and the string may be neglected. Let tP and tQ
2
be the respective time taken by P and Q to
vertical away from train’s motion.
reach the point B. Then

25 3 a) t P  tQ b) t P  tQ
d) m/s, inclined at an angle of 60° to the
2 c) t P  tQ d) All of these
vertical away from train’s motion.

VELOCITY INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 25

 Motion In A Plane
PREVIOUS YEAR NEET MCQS
MOTION IN TWO DIMENSION OBLIQUE PROJECTILE MOTION
 
1. A particle has initial velocity ( 2 i  3 j ) and 6. When an object is shot from the bottom of a
  long smooth inclined plane kept at an angle
acceleration (0.3 i  0.2 j ) . Magnitude of
60° w i th hori zontal , i t can travel a di stance x1
velocity after 10 s will be (2012)
along the plane. But when the inclination is
a) 9 2 units b) 5 2 units decreased to 30° and the same object is shot
c) 5 units d) 9 units with the same velocity, it can travel x 2
2. A particle moves in x-y plane according to rule distance. Then x1 : x2 will be (2019)
x = asin  t and y = acos  t. The particle
follows (2010) a) 1 : 2 3 b) 1 : 2
a) an elliptical path
b) a circular path c) 2 :1 d) 1 : 3
c) a parabolic path
7. The x and y coordinates of the particle at any
d) a straight line path inclined equally to x and time are x = 5t – 2t2 and y = 10t respectively,
y-axes where x and y are in metres and t in seconds.
3. A particle shows distance - The acceleration of the particle at t = 2 s is
time curve as given in this
a) 5 m s–2 b) –4 m s–2 (2017)
figure. The maximum
instantaneous velocity c) –8 m s–2 d) 0
of the particle
8. A projectile is fired from the surface of the
is around the point (2008) earth with a velocity of 5 m s–1 and angle 
a) D b) A with the horizontal. Another projectile fired
c) B d) C from another planet with a velocity of 3 m s–1
4. A particle starting from the origin (0, 0) moves at the same angle follows a trajectory which
in a straight line in the (x, y) plane. Its is identical with the trajectory of the projectile
coordinates at a later time are ( 3 , 3) . The fired from the earth. The value of the
path of the particle makes with the x-axis an acceleration due to gravity on the planet is
angle of (2007) (in m s–2) is (Given g = 9.8 m s–2) (2014)
a) 45° b) 60° a) 3.5 b) 5.9
c) 0° d) 30°
c) 16.3 d) 110.8
5. Two particles A and
B are connected by 9. The velocity of a projectile
a rigid rod AB.
at the initial point A is
The rod slides along
perpendicular rails as (2iˆ  3 ˆj ) m/s. It’s velocity
shown here. The velocity of A to the left is
10 m/s. What is the velocity of B when angle (in m/s) at point B is
 = 60° ? (1998) a) 2iˆ  3 ˆj b) 2iˆ  3 ˆj (2013)
a) 10 m/s b) 9.8 m/s
c) 5.8 m/s d) 17.3 m/s. c)  2iˆ  3 ˆj d)  2iˆ  3 ˆj

VELOCITY INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 26

 Motion In A Plane
10. The horizontal range and the maximum 16. For angles of projection of a projectile at angle
height of a projectile are equal. The angle of (45° – θ ) and (45° + θ ), the horizontal range
projection of projectile is (2012) described by the projectile are in the ratio of
a) 2 : 1 b) 1 : 1 (2006)
a)   tan 1 (1 / 4) b)   tan1 (4)
c) 2 : 3 d) 1 : 2
c)   tan 1 ( 2 ) d)   45
17. If body A of mass M is thrown with velocity v
11. A missile is fired for maximum range with at an angle of 30° to the horizontal and another
an initial velocity of 20 m/s. If g = 10 m/s2, the body B of the same mass is thrown with same
range of the missile is (2011) speed at an angle of 60° to horizontal, ratio of
horizontal range of A to B will be (1992, 1990)
a) 40m b) 50m
a) 1 : 3 b) 1 : 1
c) 60m d) 20m
c) 1 : 3 d) 3 :1
12. A projectile is fired at an angle of 45º with
18. The maximum range of a gun of horizontal
the horizontal. Elevation angle of the
terrain is 16 km. If g = 10 ms–2, then muzzle
projectile at its highest point as seen from the
velocity of a shell must be (1990)
point of projection, is (2011)
a) 160 m s–1 b) 200 2 m s–1
a) 45° b) 60°
c) 400 m s–1 d) 800 m s–1
1  3
c) tan 1   d) tan 1   HORIZONTAL PROJECTILE MOTION
2  2 
 
19. A particle A is dropped from a height and
another particle B is projected in horizontal
 
13. A particle has initial velocity 3iˆ  4 ˆj and has
direction with speed of 5 m/sec from the same
height then correct statement is (2002)
 
acceleration 0.4iˆ  0.3 ˆj . Its speed after
10 s is (2010) a) particle A will reach at ground first with
respect to particle B
a) 7 units b) 7 2 units b) particle B will reach at ground first with
respect to particle A
c) 8.5 units d) 10 units
c) both particles will reach at ground
14. The speed of a projectile at its maximum
simultaneously
height is half of its initial speed. The angle
of projection is (2010) d) both particles will reach at ground with
same speed
a) 60° b) 15°
RELATIVE MOTION IN TWO DIMENSION
c) 30° d) 45°
20. The speed of a swimmer in still water is 20 m/s.
15. A particle of mass m is projected with velocity
The speed of river water is 10 m/s and is
v making an angle of 45° with the horizontal.
flowing due east. If he is standing on the
When the particle lands on the level ground
south bank and wishes to cross the river along
the magnitude of the change in its momentum
the shortest path, the angle at which he should
will be (2008)
make his strokes w.r.t. north is, given by (2019)
a) mv 2 b) zero a) 45° west b) 30° west
c) 2mv d) mv / 2 c) 0° d) 60° west

VELOCITY INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 27

 Motion In A Plane

21. A ship A is moving Westwards with a speed 24. Two projectiles of same mass and with same
of 10 km h–1 and a ship B 100 km South of A, is velocity are thrown at an angle 60° and 30°
moving Northwards with a speed of 10 km h–1. with the horizontal, then which will remain
The time after which the distance between same (2000)
them becomes shortest, is (2015 Cancelled) a) time of flight

a) 5 2 h b) 10 2 h b) range of projectile
c) maximum height acquired
c) 0 h d) 5 h
d) all of them.
22. Two boys are standing at the ends A and B of a
25. A person aiming to reach exactly opposite
ground where AB = a. The boy at B starts
point on the bank of a stream is swimming
running in a direction perpendicular to AB with a speed of 0.5 m/s at an angle of 120° with
with velocity v1. The boy at A starts running direction of flow of water. The speed of water
simultaneously with velocity v and catches in the stream, is (1999)
other in a time t, where t is (2005) a) 0.25 m/s b) 0.5 m/s
a a c) 1.0 m/s d) 0.433 m/s
a) b)
2
v v 2 v  v1 26. A boat is sent across a river with a velocity of
1
8 km h–1. If resultant velocity of boat is 10 km h–1,
then velocity of river is (1994, 1993)
a a2
c) d) a) 12.8 km h–1 b) 6 km h–1
v  v1 v 2  v12
c) 8 km h–1 d) 10 km h–1
23. The width of river is 1 km. The velocity of boat 27. A train of 150 metre length is going towards
is 5 km/hr. The boat covered the width of river north direction at a speed of 10 m/s. A parrot
is shortest time 15 min. Then the velocity of flies at the speed of 5 m/s towards south
river stream is (2000, 1998) direction parallel to the railways track. The time
taken by the parrot to cross the train is (1988)
a) 3 km/hr b) 4 km/hr
a) 12 sec b) 8 sec
c) 29 km/hr d) 41 km/hr.. c) 15 sec d) 10 sec.

VELOCITY INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 28

 Motion In A Plane
PREVIOUS YEAR AIIMS MCQS
MOTION IN TWO DIMENSION 7. A body is projected horizontally with a
velocity of 4 2 m/sec. The velocity of the
1. The position of a particle moving in x-y plane body after 0.7 seconds will be nearly
at any time t is given by x = (3t2 – 6t) metres;
(Take g = 10 m/sec2)
y = (t2 – 2t) metres. Select the correct statement.
a) 10 m/s b) 9 m/s
a) Acceleration is zero at t = 0. (2010)
c) 19 m/s d) 11 m/s
b) Velocity is zero at t = 0.
8. Two projectiles of same mass have their
c) Velocity is zero at t = 1s.
maximum kinetic energies in ratio 4 : 1 &
d) Velocity and acceleration of the particle ratio of their maximum heights is also 4 : 1
are never zero. then what is the ratio of their ranges?
2. A projectile is given an initial velocity of a) 2 : 1 b) 4 : 1 (2010)
iˆ  2 ˆj . The cartesian equation of its path is c) 8 : 1 d) 16 : 1
–2
(Take, g = 10 m s ) (2017) 9. A particle is projected from the ground with
a) y = x – 5x 2
b) y = 2x – 5x 2 an initial speed of v at angle  with horizontal.
The average velocity of the particle between
c) y = 2x – 15x2 d) y = 2x – 25x2
its point of projection and height point of
OBLIQUE PROJECTILE MOTION trajectory is (2013)
v v
3. Which of the following is constant in a a) 1  2 cos 2  b) 1  cos 2 
projectile motion ? (1996) 2 2

a) Velocity of projection v
c) 1  3 cos2  d) v cos 
2
b) Horizontal component of the velocity
10. An arrow is projected into air. Its time of
c) Vertical component of the velocity flight is 5 s and range 200 m. What is the
d) All of these. maximum height reached by it?
4. A body is projected at such an angle that the (Take, g = 10 m s–2) (2014)
horizontal range is three times the greatest a) 31.25 m b) 24.5 m
height. The angle of projection is (1998)
c) 18.25 m d) 46.75 m
a) 42°8’ b) 33°7’
c) 25°8’ d) 53°8’ HORIZONTAL PROJECTILE MOTION

5. Velocity of a body on reaching the point, from 11. A body A is dropped vertically from the top of
where it was projected upwards, is (1999) a tower. If another identical body B is projected
horizontally from the same point at the same
a) v = 2u b) v = 0 instant, then (1994)
c) v = 0.5u d) v = u a) both A and B will reach the ground
6. At the uppermost point of a projectile, its simultaneously
velocity & acceleration are at an angle of b) A will reach the ground earlier than B
a) 0° b) 90° (2002) c) B will reach the ground earlier than A

c) 45° d) 180° d) either A or B.

VELOCITY INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 29

 Motion In A Plane

ASSERTION AND REASON 15. Assertion : Generally the path of a projectile

from the earth is parabolic but it is elliptical
12. Assertion : When a body is projected at an angle for projectiles going to a very great height.
45°, its range is maximum. Reason : Up to ordinary height the projectile
moves under a uniform gravitational force, but
Reason : For maximum of range, the value of for great heights, projectile moves under a
sin 2  should be equal to one. (1997) variable force. (2009)
16. Assertion : Two balls of different masses are
13. Assertion : A body can have acceleration even thrown vertically upward with same speed.
if its velocity is zero at a given instant of time. They will pass through their point of projection
in the downward direction with the same speed.
Reason : A body is momentarily at rest when
Reason : Maximum height and downward
it reverses its direction of motion. (1998) velocity attained at the point of projection are
14. Assertion : When the velocity of projection of independent of the mass of the ball. (2010)
17. Assertion : In javelin throw, the athlete throws
a body is made n times, its time of flight
the projectile at an angle slightly more than
becomes n times.
45°.
Reason : Range of projectile does not depend Reason : The maximum range does not depend
on the initial velocity of a body. (2008) upon angle of projection. (2010)

VELOCITY INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 30

 Motion In A Plane
PREVIOUS YEAR JIPMER MCQS
OBLIQUE PROJECTILE MOTION 6. From the top of a tower of height 40 m, a ball
is projected upwards with a speed of 20 m s–1
1. A particle is thrown at angle 45° with the at an angle of elevation of 30°. Then the ratio
horizontal. If it remains in the air for 1 s, what of the total time taken by the ball to hit the
was its initial velocity? (2017) ground to its time to same height is
a) 9.8 m/s b) 6.93 m/s (Take, g = 10 m s–2) (2012)
c) 19.6 m/s d) 8.49 m/s a) 2 : 1 b) 3 : 1
c) 3 : 2 d) 4 : 1
2. A ball is thrown from a point A with a speed
u at an angle θ with the horizontal. If g is the 7. A projectile is thrown in the upward direction
making an angle of 60° with the horizontal
acceleration due to gravity, the total time
direction with a velocity of 147 m s–1. Then
taken for it to reach a point B on the same
time after which its inclination with
horizontal plane is (2016)
horizontal is 45°, is (2011)
2u sin  u sin2  a) 15 s b) 10.98 s
a) g b) c) 5.49 s d) 2.745 s
g
8. Two balls of same mass are projected with the
2u 2 sin  u sin  same speed, one vertically upwards and the
c) d) g
g other at an angle of 60° with the vertical. The
ratio of their potential energy at the highest
3. The horizontal range is four times the point is (2010)
maximum height attained by a projectile. The
a) 3 : 2 b) 2 : 1
angle of projection is (2015)
c) 4 : 1 d) 4 : 3
a) 90° b) 60°
HORIZONTAL PROJECTILE MOTION
c) 45° d) 30°
9. A plane is flying horizontally at 98 m s–1 and
4. A particle is projected at an angle of 60° above releases an object wihich reaches the ground
the horizontal with the speed of 10 ms–1. After in 10 s. The angle made by it while hitting
some time, the direction of its velocity makes the ground is (2010)
an angle of 30° above the horizontal. The
a) 55° b) 45°
speed of the particle at this instant is (2015)
c) 60° d) 75°
5
a) ms1 b) 5 3 ms 1 RELATIVE MOTION IN TWO DIMENSION
3
10. A man standing on the road has to hold his
10 umbrella at 30° from the vertical direction to
c) 5 ms 1 d) ms1
3 keep the rain away. He thrown away the
5. The maximum range of a projectile fired with umbrella and starts running at 10 km h–1, he
some initial velocity is found to be 1000 metre, finds that the rain drops are hitting him
in the absence of wind and air resistance. The vertically. The speed of the rain drops w.r.t.
maximum height h reached by this projectile the road is (2016)
is (2013) 10
a) b) 10
a) 250 m b) 500 m 3
c) 1000 m d) 2000 m c) 10 3 d) 20

VELOCITY INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 31

 Motion In A Plane
NCERT UNSOLVED
1. State, for each of the following physical 7. Given a + b + c + d = 0, which of the following
quantities, if it is a scalar or a vector: statements are correct?
volume, mass, speed, acceleration, density, number a) a, b, c and d must each be a null vector.
of moles, velocity, angular frequency, displacement,
angular velocity. b) The magnitude of (a + c) equals the
magnitude of (b + d).
2. Pick out the two scalar quantities in the
following list: c) The magnitude of a can never be greater
than the sum of magnitudes of b, c & d.
force, angular momentum, work, current, linear
momentum, electric field, average velocity, magnetic d) b + c must lie in the plane of a and d if a and
moment, relative velocity. d are not collinear, and in the line of a and
3. Pick out the only vector quantity in the d, if they are collinear?
following list: 8. Three girls skating on Q
temperature, pressure, impulse, time, power, total a circular ice ground
path length, energy, gravitational potential,
coefficient of friction, charge. of radius 200 m start A B
4. State with reasons, whether the following from a point P on the
algebraic operations with scalar and vector edge of the ground P
physical quantities are meaningful:
and reach a point Q
(a) adding any two scalars, (b) adding a
scalar to a vector of the same dimensions, diametrically opposite
(c) multiplying any vector by any scalar, to P following different paths as shown in
(d) multiplying any two scalars, (e) adding any figure. What is the magnitude of the
two vectors, (f) adding a component of a vector displacement vector for each? For which girl
to the same vector.
is this equal to the actual length of path skate?
5. Read each statement below carefully and state
9. A cyclist starts from the Q
with reasons, if it is true or false:
(a) The magnitude of a vector is always a scalar, centre O of a circular park
(b) each component of a vector is always a of radius 1 km, reaches the P
O
scalar, (c) the total path length is always equal
edge P of the park, then
to the magnitude of the displacement vector
of a particle, (d) the average speed of a particle cycles along the
(defined as total path length divided by the
circumference, and returns
time taken to cover the path) is either greater
or equal to the magnitude of average velocity to the centre along QO as
of the particle over the same interval of time,
shown in figure. If the round trip takes
(e) Three vectors not lying in a plane can never
10 min, what is the (a) net displacement,
add up to give a null vector.
(b) average velocity and (c) average speed of
6. Establish the following vector inequalities the cyclist?
geometrically or otherwise:
10. On an open ground, a motorist follows a track
a) |a  b||a||b| that turns to his left by an angle of 60° after
b) |a  b|||a||b|| every 500 m. Starting from a given turn, specify
c) |a  b||a||b| the displacement of the motorist at the third,
sixth and eighth turn. Compare the magnitude
d) | a  b |  || a |  | b || of the displacement with the total path length
When does the equality sign above apply? covered by the motorist in each case.

VELOCITY INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 32

 Motion In A Plane
11. A passenger arriving in a new town wishes to 19. Read each statement below carefully and state,
go from the station to a hotel located 10 km with reasons, if it is true or false:
away on a straight road from the station. A a) The net acceleration of a particle in circular
dishonest cabman takes him along a circuitous motion is always along the radius of the
path 23 km long and reaches the hotel in 28 circle towards the centre.
min. What is (a) the average speed of the taxi, b) The velocity vector of a particle at a point is
(b) the magnitude of average velocity? Are the always along the tangent to the path of the
two equal? particle at that point.
c) The acceleration vector of a particle in
12. Rain is falling vertically with speed of 30 m s– uniform circular motion averaged over one
1
. A woman rides a bicycle with speed of 10 m cycle is a null vector.
s–1 in the north to south direction. What is the 20. The position of a particle is given by
direction in which she should hold her
r  3.0tiˆ  2.0t 2 ˆj  4.0 kˆ m , where t is in seconds
umbrella?
and the coefficients have the proper units for r
13. A man can swim with a speed of 4.0 km/h in to be in metres. (a) Find the v and a of the
still water. How long does he take to cross a particle? (b) What is the magnitude and
river 1.0 km wide if river flows steadily at 3.0 direction of velocity of the particle at t = 2.0 s?
km/h and he makes his strokes normal to the 21. A particle starts from the origin at t = 0 s with a
river current? How far the river does he go
velocity of 10.0 ˆj m/s and moves in the x–y
when he reaches the other bank?
plane with a constant acceleratio n of
14. In a harbour, wind is blowing at the speed of
72 km/h and the flag on the mast of a boat (8.0iˆ  2.0 ˆj ) ms 2 . (a) At what time is the
anchored in the harbour flutters along the N– x–coordinate of the particle 16 m? What is the
E direction. If the boat starts moving at a speed y–coordinate of the particle at that time?
of 51 km/h to the north, what is the direction (b) What is the speed of the particle at the time?
of the flag on the mast of the boat? 22. iˆ and ˆj are unit vectors along x– and y– axis
15. The ceiling of a long hall is 25 m high. What is respectively. What is the magnitude and
the maximum horizontal distance that a ball
direction of the vectors iˆ  ˆj and iˆ  ˆj ? What
thrown with a speed of 40 m s–1 can go without
hitting the ceiling of the hall? are the components of a vector A  2iˆ  3 ˆj
16. A cricketer can throw a ball to a maximum along the directions of iˆ  ˆj and iˆ  ˆj ?
horizontal distance of 100 m. How much high [You may use graphical method.]
above the ground can the cricketer throw the 23. For any arbitrary motion in space, which of the
same ball? following relations are true?
17. A stone tied to the end of a string 80 cm long is a) vaverage  (1 / 2)( v(t1 )  v(t2 ))
whirled in a horizontal circle with a constant
b) vaverage  [r(t2 )  r(t1 )] /(t 2  t1 )
speed. If the stone makes 14 revolutions in 25
s, what is the magnitude and direction of c) v(t )  v(0)  at
acceleration of the stone?
d) r(t )  r(0)  v(0)t  (1 / 2)at 2
18. An aircraft executes a horizontal loop of radius
1.00 km with a steady speed of 900 km/h. e) aaverage  [v(t 2 )  v(t1 )] /(t 2  t1 )
Compare its centripetal acceleration with the (The average stands for average of the quantity
acceleration due to gravity. over the time interval t1 to t2)

VELOCITY INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 33

 Motion In A Plane
24. Read each statement below carefully & state, 29. A bullet fired at an angle of 30° with the
with reasons and examples, if it is true or false: horizontal hits the ground 3.0 km away. By
adjusting its angle of projection, can one hope
A scalar quantity is one that to hit a target 5.0 km away? Assume the muzzle
a) is conserved in a process speed to be fixed, and neglect air resistance.
30. A fighter plane flying horizontally at an
b) can never take negative values altitude of 1.5 km with speed 720 km/h passes
c) must be dimensionless directly overhead an anti-aircraft gun. At what
angle from the vertical should the gun be fired
d) does not vary from one point to another in for the shell with muzzle speed 600 m s–1 to hit
space the plane? At what minimum altitude should
the pilot fly the plane to avoid being hit?
e) has the same value for observers with (Take, g = 10 m s–2)
different orientations of axes
31. A cyclist is riding with a speed of 27 km/h. As
25. An aircraft is flying at a height of 3400 m above he approaches a circular turn on the road of
the ground. If the angle subtended at a ground radius 80 m, he applies brakes and reduces his
observation point by the aircraft positions 10.0 s speed at the constant rate of 0.50 m/s every
apart is 30°, what is the speed of the aircraft? second. What is the magnitude and direction of
the net acceleration of the cyclist on the circular
26. A vector has magnitude and direction. Does it turn?
have a location in space? Can it vary with time?
Will two equal vectors a and b at different 32. a) Show that for a projectile the angle between
locations in space necessarily have identical the velocity and the x–axis as a function of
physical effects? Give examples in support of time is given by,
your answer.
 v0 y  gt 
 (t )  tan 1  
27. A vector has both magnitude and direction.  v0 x 
Does it mean that anything that has magnitude
and direction is necessarily a vector? The b) Show that the projection angle 0 for a
rotation of a body can be specified by the projectile launched from the origin is given
direction of the axis of rotation, and the angle by,
of rotation about the axis. Does that make any
rotation a vector? 4h
 0  tan 1  m 
 R 
28. Can you associate vectors with (a) the length
of a wire bent into a loop, (b) a plane area, (c) a where the symbols have their usual
sphere? Explain. meaning.

VELOCITY INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 34

 Motion In A Plane
NCERT EXEMPLAR
6. Consider the quantities, pressure, power,
1. The angle between A  iˆ  ˆj & B  iˆ  ˆj is
energy, impulse, gravitational potential,
a) 45° b) 90° electrical charge, temperature, area. Out of
these, the only vector quantities are
c) –45° d) 180°
a) impulse, pressure and area
2. Which one of the following statements is true?
b) impulse and area
a) A scalar quantity is the one that is conserved c) area and gravitational potential
in a process
d) impulse and pressure
b) A scalar quantity is the one that can never
7. In a two dimensional motion, instantaneous
take negative values
speed v0 is a positive constant. Then, which of
c) A scalar quantity is the one that does not the following are necessarily true?
vary from one point to another in space a) average velocity is not zero at any time
d) A scalar quantity has the same value for b) average acceleration must always vanish
observers with different orientation of the
axes c) displacements in equal time intervals are
equal
3. Figure shows orientationof
d) equal path lengths are traversed in equal
two vectors u and v in the intervals

xy–plane. If u  aiˆ  bˆj and 8. In a two dimensional motion, instantaneous

speed v0 is a positive constant. Then, which of
v  piˆ  qˆj . Which of the the following are necessarily true?
a) acceleration of the particle is zero
following is correct?
b) acceleration of the particle is bounded
a) a and p are positive while b and q are
negative c) acceleration of the particle is necessarily in
the plane of motion
b) a, p and b are positive while q is negative
d) particle must be undergoing a uniform
c) a, q and b are positive while p is negative circular motion
d) a, b, p and q are all positive 9. Three vectors A, B and C add upto zero. Find
which is false.
4. The component of a vector r along X–axis will
have maximum value if a) (A×B)×C is not zero unless B, C are parallel

a) r is along positive Y–axis b) (A×B).C is not zero unless B, C are parallel

b) r is along positive X–axis c) If A, B, C define a plane, (A×B)×C is in that

plane
c) r makes an angle of 45° with X–axis
d) (A×B).C = |A| |B| |C|  C2 = A2 + B2
d) r is along negative Y–axis
10. It is found that |A + B| = |A|. This necessarily
5. The horizontal range of a projectile fired implies
at an angle of 15° is 50 m. If it is fired with
a) B = 0
the same speed at an angle of 45°, its range
will be b) A, B are antiparallel

a) 60 m b) 71 m c) A, B are perpendicular

c) 100 m d) 141 m d) A.B  0

VELOCITY INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 35

 Motion In A Plane
11. Two particles are projected in air with speed 14. For a particle performing uniform circular
v0 at angles 1 and  2 (both acute) to the motion, choose the correct statement(s) from
horizontal, respectively. If the height reached the following.
by the first particle is greater than that of the a) magnitude of particle velocity (speed)
second, then tick the right choices. remains constant

a) angle of projection q1 > q2 b) particle velocity remains directed

perpendicular to radius vector
b) time of flight T1 > T2
c) direction of acceleration keeps changing as
c) horizontal range R1 > R2 particle moves
d) total energy U1 > U2 d) angular momentum is constant in
magnitude but direction keeps changing
12. A particle slides
15. For two vectors A and B, |A+B|=|A–B| is
down a frictionless always true when
parabolic (y + x2) a) |A| = |B|  0
track (A – B – C) b) A  B
starting from rest at c) | A|| B| 0 and A and B are parallel or anti-
point A as shown in parallel
d) when either |A| or |B| is zero
figure. Point B is at
16. A cyclist starts from centre O
the vertex of
of a circular park of radius
parabola and point C is at a height less than
that of point A. After C, the particle moves 1 km and moves along the
freely in air as a projectile. If the particle path OPRQO as shown in
reaches highest point at P, then
figure. If he maintains constant
a) K.E. at P = K.E. at B
speed of 10 m s–1, what is his acceleration at
b) height at P = height at A point R in magnitude and direction?
c) total energy at P = total energy at A 17. A particle is projected in
d) time of interval from A to B = time of air at some angle to the
interval from B to P
horizontal, moves along
13. Following are four different relations about
displacement, velocity and acceleration for the parabola as shown in
motion of a particle in general. Choose the figure, where x and y indicate horizontal and
incorrect one (s). vertical directions, respectiely. Shown in the
diagram, direction of velocity and acceleration
1 r(t2 )  r(t1 ) at points A, B and C.
a) vav  [ v(t1 )  v(t2 )] b) vav  t  t
2 2 1
18. A ball is thrown from a roof top at an angle of
45° above the horizontal. It hits the ground a
1
c) r  v(t2 )  v(t1 )(t2  t1 ) few seconds later. At what point during its
2
motion, does the ball have
v(t 2 )  v(t1 ) a) greatest speed b) smallest speed
d) aav  t 2  t1 c) greatest acceleration

VELOCITY INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 36

 Motion In A Plane
19. A football is kicked into the air vertically b) Earth also moves in circular orbit around
upwards. What is its (a) acceleration and the sun once every year with an object
(b) velocity at the highest point? radius of 1.5 × 10 11 m. What is the
acceleration of the earth (or any object on
20. A, B and C are three non-collinear, non- the surface of the earth) towards the centre
coplanar vectors. What can you say about of the sun? How does this acceleration
direction of A × (B × C)? compare w ith g = 9.8 m/s2?
26. Given below in Column I are the relations
21. A boy travelling in an open car moving on a
between vectors a, b and c and in Column II
levelled road with constant speed tosses a ball
are the orientations of a, b and c in the XY-
vertically up in the air and catches it back.
plane. Match the relation in Column I to correct
Sketch the motion of the ball as observed by a
orientations in Column II.
boy standing on the footpath. Give explanation
to support your diagram.

22. A boy throws a ball in air at 60° to the

horizontal along a road with a speed of 10 m/s
(36 km/h). Another boy sitting in a passing by
car observes the ball. Sketch the motion of the
ball as observed by the boy in the car, if car
has a speed of (18 km/h). Give explanation to
support your diagram.

23. In dealing with motion of projectile in air, we

ignore effect of air resistance on motion. This
gives trajectory as a parabola as you have
studied. What would the trajectory look like if
air resistance tance is include? Sketch such a
trajectory and explain why you have drawn it
that way.

24. A fighter plane is flying horizontally at an

altitude of 1.5 km with speed 720 km/h. At
what angle of sight (w.r.t. horizontal) when the
target is seen, should the pilot drop the bomb
in order to attack the target?

25. a) Earth can be thought of as a sphere of radius 27. If |A| = 2 and |B| = 4, then match the relation
6400 km. Any object (or a person) is in Column I with the angle  between A and
performing circular motion around the axis B in Column II.
of the earth due to the earth rotation (period
1 day). What is acceleration of object on
the surface of the earth (at equator) towards
its centre? What is it at altitude  ? How
does these accelerations compare with
g = 9.8 m/s2?

VELOCITY INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 37

 Motion In A Plane
28. If |A|= 2 and |B| = 4, then match the relations 32. A particle falling vertically from a height hits
in Column I with the angle  between A and a plane surface inclined to horizontal at an
B in Column II. angle  with speed v0 & rebounds elastically..
Find the distance along the plane where it will
hit second time.

29. A hill is 500 m high. Supplies are to be sent

across the hill using a canon that can hurl
packets at a speed of 125 m/s over the hill. The
canon is located at a distance of 800 m from 33. A girl riding a bicycle with a speed of 5 m/s
the foot of hill and can be moved on the ground towards north direction, observes rain falling
at a speed of 2 m/s; so that its distance from vertically down. If she increases her speed to
the hill can be adjusted. What is the shortest 10 m/s, rain appears to meet her at 45° to the
time in which a packet can reach on the ground vertical. What is the speed of the rain? In what
across the hill? Take, g = 10 m/s2. direction does rain fall as observed by a ground
30. A gun can fire shells with maximum speed v0 based observer?
and the maximum horizontal range that can 34. A river is flowing due east with a speed 3 m/s.
v02 A swimmer can swim in still water at a speed
be achieved is R  . If a target farther away
g
of 4 m/s as shown in figure.
by distance ( x) (beyond R) has to be hit with
the same gun, show that it could be achieved
by raising the gun to a height at least
x 
h  x 1  .
 R 

31. A particle is projected in air

at an angle  to a surface

which itself is inclined at an

a) If swimmer starts swimming
angle  to the horizontal as
due north, what will be his resultant
shown in figure.
velocity (magnitude and direction)?
a) Find an expression of range
b) If he wants to start from point A on south
on the plane surface (distance on the plane bank and reach opposite point B on north
from the point of projection at which bank, (i) which direction should he swim?
particle will hit the surface). (ii) what will be his resultant speed?
b) Time of flight. c) From two different cases as mentioned in
(a) and (b) above, in which case will he reach
c)  at which range will be maximum.
opposite bank in shorter time?

VELOCITY INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 38

 Motion In A Plane

35. A cricket fielder can throw the cricket ball with r

rˆ   cos iˆ  sin ˆj and ˆ   siniˆ  cosˆj are
a speed v0. If he throws the ball while running r
with speed u at an angle  to the horizontal, unit vectors along direction in which r and 
find are increasing.
a) the effective angle to the horizontal at which a) Express iˆ and ˆj in terms of r̂ and ˆ .
the ball is projected in air as seen by a
spectator. b) Show that both r̂ and ˆ are unit vectors and
b) what will be time of flight? are perpendicular to each other.
c) what is the distance (horizontal range) from d
c) Show that ( rˆ)   ˆ , where   d and
the point of projection at which the ball will dt dt
land? d ˆ
( )  rˆ .
d) find  at which he should throw the ball dt
that would maximise the horizontal range
d) For a particle moving along a spiral given
as found in (iii).
by r  arˆ , where a = 1 (unit), find
e) how does  for maximum range change if dimensions of a.
u > u 0 , u = u 0 , u < v0 ?
e) Find velocity and acceleration in polar
f) how does  in (v) compare with that for vector representation for particle moving
u = 0 (i.e. 45°)? along spiral described in (d) above.
36. Motion in two 37. A man wants to
dimensions, in
reach from A to
a plane can be
the opposite
studied by
expressing position, corner of the
velocity & acceleration square C. The
as vectors in cartesian sides of square
coordinates A  Ax iˆ  Ay ˆj , where î and ĵ are are 100 m. A central square of 50 m × 50 m is
unit vector along x and y–directio ns, filled with sand. Outside this square, he can
respectively and Ax and Ay are corresponding walk at a speed 1 m/s. In the central square, he
components of A. Motion can also be studied can walk only at a speed of v m/s (v < 1). What
by expressing vectors in circular polar is the smallest value of v for which he can reach
faster via a straight path through the sand than
coordinates as A  Ar rˆ  A ˆ , where any path in the square outside the sand?

VELOCITY INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 39

 Motion In A Plane
ANSWER KEY
CLASSWORK ANSWER KEY
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Ans. c b a d a d b a b b b b d b c
Que. 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Ans. c b a d a b a a b c b b c d a
Que. 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
Ans. c c d b b d a c a b a c b d c
Que. 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
Ans. d a d c c b c b b d c b a d b
Que. 61 62
Ans. c a

ASSIGNMENT ANSWER KEY

Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Ans. c b b b a c b a d d c b b c b
Que. 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Ans. d c b d d b c b a b a d c d a
Que. 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
Ans. a c a d b c d c b b d a b a d
Que. 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
Ans. d c c a b c c d d c b a b a b
Que. 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73
Ans. d d a c c c b c b d c a a

PREVIOUS YEAR NEET MCQS ANSWER KEY

Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Ans. b b d b d d b a a b a c b a a
Que. 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
Ans. b b c c b d d a b a b d

PREVIOUS YEAR AIIMS MCQS ANSWER KEY

Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Ans. c b b d d b b b c a a a a c a
Que. 16 17
Ans. a d

PREVIOUS YEAR JIPMER MCQS ANSWER KEY

Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans. b a c d a a c c b d

VELOCITY INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 40