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C++ is a cross-platform, high-performance programming language developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1979 as an extension of C, with updates in 2011, 2014, and 2017. It is widely used in operating systems, GUIs, and embedded systems, offering object-oriented features that promote code reuse and portability. The document also covers basic C++ syntax, output methods, and the use of comments in code.

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2 views

C++ 1

C++ is a cross-platform, high-performance programming language developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1979 as an extension of C, with updates in 2011, 2014, and 2017. It is widely used in operating systems, GUIs, and embedded systems, offering object-oriented features that promote code reuse and portability. The document also covers basic C++ syntax, output methods, and the use of comments in code.

Uploaded by

Hack Fin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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C++ Introduction

What is C++?
C++ is a cross-platform language that can be used to create high-performance
applications.

C++ was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell labs in 1979, as an extension


to the C language.

C++ gives programmers a high level of control over system resources and
memory.

The language was updated 3 major times in 2011, 2014, and 2017 to C++11,
C++14, and C++17.

Why Use C++


C++ is one of the world's most popular programming languages.

C++ can be found in today's operating systems, Graphical User Interfaces, and
embedded systems.

C++ is an object-oriented programming language which gives a clear structure


to programs and allows code to be reused, lowering development costs.

C++ is portable and can be used to develop applications that can be adapted to
multiple platforms.

C++ is fun and easy to learn!

As C++ is close to C# and Java, it makes it easy for programmers to switch to


C++ or vice versa

C++ Syntax
Let's break up the following code to understand it better:

Example
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
cout << "Hello World!";
return 0;
}

Example explained
Line 1: #include <iostream> is a header file library that lets us work with input
and output objects, such as cout (used in line 5). Header files add functionality
to C++ programs.

Line 2: using namespace std means that we can use names for objects and
variables from the standard library.

Don't worry if you don't understand how #include <iostream> and using
namespace std works. Just think of it as something that (almost) always appears
in your program.

Line 3: A blank line. C++ ignores white space.

Line 4: Another thing that always appear in a C++ program, is int main(). This
is called a function. Any code inside its curly brackets {} will be executed.

Line 5: cout (pronounced "see-out") is an object used to output/print text. In


our example it will output "Hello World".

Note: Every C++ statement ends with a semicolon ;.

Note: The body of int main() could also been written as:
int main () { cout << "Hello World! "; return 0; }

Remember: The compiler ignores white spaces. However, multiple lines makes
the code more readable.

Line 6: return 0 ends the main function.

Omitting Namespace
You might see some C++ programs that runs without the standard namespace
library. The using namespace std line can be omitted and replaced with
the std keyword, followed by the :: operator for some objects:

Example
#include <iostream>

int main() {
std::cout << "Hello World!";
return 0;
}
Run example »

C++ Output (Print Text)


The cout object, together with the << operator, is used to output values/print
text:

Example
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
cout << "Hello World!";
return 0;
}
Run example »

You can add as many cout objects as you want. However, note that it does not
insert a new line at the end of the output:

Example
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
cout << "Hello World!";
cout << "I am learning C++";
return 0;
}
Run example »
New Lines
To insert a new line, you can use the \n character:

Example
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
cout << "Hello World! \n";
cout << "I am learning C++";
return 0;
}
Run example »

Tip: Two \n characters after each other will create a blank line:

Example
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
cout << "Hello World! \n\n";
cout << "I am learning C++";
return 0;
}
Run example »

Another way to insert a new line, is with the endl manipulator:

Example
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
cout << "Hello World!" << endl;
cout << "I am learning C++";
return 0;
}
Run example »
Both \n and endl are used to break lines. However, \n is used more often and is
the preferred way.
C++ Comments
Comments can be used to explain C++ code, and to make it more readable. It
can also be used to prevent execution when testing alternative code. Comments
can be singled-lined or multi-lined.

Single-line comments start with two forward slashes ( //).

Any text between // and the end of the line is ignored by the compiler (will not
be executed).

This example uses a single-line comment before a line of code:

Example
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
// This is a comment
cout << "Hello World!";
return 0;
}Run example »

This example uses a single-line comment at the end of a line of code:

Example
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
cout << "Hello World!"; // This is a comment
return 0;
}Run example »
C++ Multi-line Comments
Multi-line comments start with /* and ends with */.

Any text between /* and */ will be ignored by the compiler:

Example
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
/* The code below will print the words Hello World!
to the screen, and it is amazing */
cout << "Hello World!";
return 0;
}Run example »

Single or multi-line comments?


It is up to you which you want to use. Normally, we use // for short comments,
and /* */ for longer.

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