16.
A harpsichord may look just like a piano, but the difference between the two
instruments is easy to hear. When a harpsichord’s keys are pressed, the strings
inside the ______blank are plucked, not struck.
Question 16 Answers
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of
Standard English?
A.instrument:
B.instrument
C.instrument—
D.instrument,
2. Disproving the common misconception of Native art as ______blank, the painters whose work
appears in the collection at the National Museum of the American Indian employ a range of styles.
There are artists working in the traditional arts of their specific tribal communities, artists working in
European modernist or American abstract expressionist art traditions, and artists blending various
traditions into something wholly new.
Question 2 Answers
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A.uncontroversial
B.individualistic
C.theoretical
D.homogeneous
4. Birds sing to communicate over potentially great distances. For this reason,
many researchers believe that birds in densely vegetated habitats generally sing
at lower frequencies than birds living in comparatively sparse habitats, since
dense vegetation tends to ______blank the distance that high-frequency sounds
can travel.
Question 4 Answers
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or
phrase?
A.exceed
B.diminish
C. encompass
D. conceal
11. The French directors Colas Koola and Vivien Mermet-Guyenet (known as
Koola and Viv) founded the video game studio BlueTwelve. They also love
cats. ______blank they created an award-winning cat video game, Stray (2021),
that lets the player explore a dystopian city from the perspective of a clever
orange house cat.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A.Intermittently,
B.On the other hand,
C.In fact,
D.Nevertheless,
4. Eighteenth-century historian Edward Gibbon thought the only character defect
of the Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius was his mild temperament—though the
emperor was widely considered virtuous, his overly permissive nature led him
to ______blank the vices of those who surrounded him.
Question 4 Answers
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or
phrase?
A.indulge
B.despise
C.moderate
D.criticize
6. The people of medieval Europe have traditionally been seen as uninterested in
cleanliness and hygiene, but modern research has shown that this is largely a
myth. According to historian Eleanor Janega, most medieval towns in Europe had
at least one public bathhouse, which often offered both full-immersion baths and
—more affordably—steam baths. While such amenities were available mainly to
town dwellers, regular bathing in rivers and streams or daily sponge baths at
home were common practices throughout medieval Europe.
A.It asserts that in medieval Europe steam baths were more popular in rural
areas than in urban ones.
B.It describes a limitation of earlier historians’ studies of medieval
European bathing habits.
C.It concedes that not all people in medieval Europe had access to public
bathhouses.
D.It explains why Janega decided to study the popularity of public bathhouses in
medieval Europe.
9. Many literary theorists distinguish between fabula, a narrative’s content,
and syuzhet, a narrative’s arrangement and presentation of events. In the
film The Godfather Part II, the fabula is the story of the Corleone family, and
the syuzhet is the presentation of the story as it alternates between two
timelines in 1901 and 1958. But literary theorist Mikhail Bakhtin maintained
that fabula and syuzhet are insufficient to completely describe a narrative—he
held that systematic categorizations of artistic phenomena discount the subtle
way in which meaning is created by interactions between the artist, the work,
and the audience.
Question 9 Answers
Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
A.Literary theorist Mikhail Bakhtin argued that there are important
characteristics of narratives that are not fully encompassed by two concepts that
other theorists have used to analyze narratives.
B.Literary theorist Mikhail Bakhtin claimed that meaning is not inherent
in a narrative but is created when an audience encounters a narrative
so that narratives are interpreted differently by different people.
C.The storytelling methods used in The Godfather Part II may seem unusually
complicated, but they can be easily understood when two concepts from literary
theory are utilized.
D.Narratives that are told out of chronological order are more difficult for
audiences to understand than are narratives presented chronologically.
Text 1
An excavation in Chiquihuite Cave in central Mexico has upended the belief
that approximately 13,000 years ago, a group known as the Clovis people were
the first human inhabitants of North America. More than 200 crude stone tools
were found embedded in a layer of earth that is up to 33,150 years old, revealing
that humans occupied the cave thousands of years before the Clovis people
reached the continent.
Text 2
The objects uncovered in Chiquihuite Cave are intriguing, but it is premature
to characterize them as tools. The stone pieces are so roughly shaped that they
may have simply fractured from rocks during natural geological activity in the
cave. Moreover, their unearthing has thus far not been accompanied by
discoveries of other signs of human activity or even traces of human DNA from
surfaces.
Question 8 Answers
Based on the texts, how would the author of Text 2 most likely respond to
the underlined claim in Text 1?
A.By suggesting that it draws a plausible connection between two groups of
people but will need to be confirmed with further study
B.By asserting that it rests on an assumption about the stone pieces that is not
sufficiently supported by available evidence
C.By acknowledging that it will most likely be proved correct when the stone
pieces undergo more detailed analysis
D.By pointing out that it fails to account for evidence that the Clovis
people were active on the continent as early as is commonly thought
11. “The Yellow Wallpaper” is an 1892 short story by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. In
the story, the narrator expresses mixed feelings about her
surroundings: ______blank
Question 11 Answers
Which quotation from “The Yellow Wallpaper” most effectively illustrates
the claim?
A.“This wallpaper has a kind of sub-pattern in a different shade, a particularly
irritating one, for you can only see it in certain lights, and not clearly then.”
B.“By moonlight—the moon shines in all night when there is a moon—I wouldn’t
know it was the same paper.”
C.“I’m really getting quite fond of the big room, all but that horrid [wall]paper.”
D.“The color is repellant, almost revolting; a smouldering, unclean
yellow, strangely faded by the slow-turning sunlight.”
18. Technologies such as microphones and inkjet printers are made using
piezoelectric materials, which generate an internal electric field when pressure is
applied to them. The toxic nature of some of these materials recently led a team
from the University of Sheffield to investigate how ______blank
Question 18 Answers
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of
Standard English?
A.could their use be better regulated?
B.their use could be better regulated.
C.their use could be better regulated?
D.could their use be better regulated.
21. Fans of the film Moana (2016) may not know that the deep and humorous
voice behind the ______blank belongs to comedian, actor, and musician Jemaine
Clement. The versatile performer has appeared in everything from television
commercials to action movies, but voice acting, specifically, has become a
notable part of his career.
Question 21 Answers
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of
Standard English?
A.character Tamatoa the crab
B.character Tamatoa the crab,
C.character: Tamatoa the crab,
D.character, Tamatoa the crab
Question 13 Answers
Which finding, if true, would most directly support the researchers’
hypothesis?
Under normal atmospheric pressure at Earth’s surface, water molecules form
a tetrahedral network stabilized by hydrogen bonds between adjacent molecules.
Extreme high pressure, such as can be found in deep ocean waters, destabilizes
these bonds and compresses water’s structure, allowing water molecules within
organisms to permeate proteins and impede crucial biological functions; yet
deep-sea organisms known as piezophiles have adapted to extreme pressure.
Studies have found a positive correlation between the depths that various
piezophiles inhabit and concentrations of a compound called trimethylamine N-
oxide (TMAO) in their muscle tissues, which has led a team of researchers to
hypothesize that TMAO reduces water’s compressibility.
A.Water molecules are found to be impervious to TMAO even when the
water molecules’ tetrahedral configuration has been distorted by high
pressure.
B.Examination of TMAO’s molecular structure shows that TMAO molecules retain
their shape even as pressure increases.
C.A positive correlation is found between concentrations of TMAO and the rate at
which water’s molecular structure compresses as pressure increases.
D.Analysis of water’s molecular structure under high pressure reveals that
hydrogen bonds are more stable when TMAO is present than when it is not.
Land Area Covered by Native Flowering Plants at a Site in Antarctica
Area covered Area covered Percent increase in
in 2009 (in in 2018 (in area covered from
Species square meters) square meters) 2009 to 2018
Deschampsia
1,230 1,576 28%
antarctica
Colobanthus
6.9 10.7 55%
quitensis
The only flowering plant species native to Antarctica, Colobanthus
quitensis and Deschampsia antarctica grow in places where the earth remains
free of ice for much of the year. Botanist Niccoletta Cannone wondered how the
warming of Antarctica’s climate in recent years had affected these species, so
she visited a site in Antarctica, first in 2009 and later in 2018, to count the
number of plants growing there. Cannone found that the area of land covered by
the two species had significantly expanded during the nine-year period. While
both species likely benefited from warming temperatures, Colobanthus
quitensis ______blank
Question 12 Answers
Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the
comparison?
A.suppressed the growth of Deschampsia antarctica, which covered a smaller
area of land in 2018 than it had in 2009.
B.saw a greater expansion than Deschampsia antarctica did, increasing the area
of land it covered by more than half.
C.showed a greater increase in the average size of individual plants
than Deschampsia antarctica did.
D.covered land newly freed from ice at a rate 55% faster than that
of Deschampsia antarctica.
26
While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:
Traditionally, manufacturers have dyed denim jeans blue by dipping them in a
solution containing indigo powder.
Indigo doesn’t dissolve in just water, so manufacturers must mix hazardous
chemicals with water to dissolve the powder.
Textile researcher Smriti Rai discovered a process for dyeing blue jeans without
chemicals.
Rai added indigo powder to a hydrogel containing nanocellulose and produced a
dye that could be spread directly onto the denim.
Nanocellulose is a natural, plant-based substance that separates the molecules
of indigo powder.
Question 26
The student wants to emphasize a difference between the two approaches
to dyeing blue jeans. Which choice most effectively uses relevant
information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
A.Though created using a different process, Rai’s dye contains the same
ingredient as the dye produced by blue jean manufacturers.
B.Nanocellulose is a natural, plant-based substance that separates the molecules
of indigo powder, which doesn’t dissolve in water.
C.The traditional approach to dyeing blue jeans is to dip them in a
solution containing hazardous chemicals.
D.Rai’s approach substitutes a natural, plant-based substance for the hazardous
chemicals that manufacturers have traditionally used.
