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Notes - Force

The document discusses the concept of force, defining it as a push or pull that can change the motion or state of an object. It explains the importance of magnitude and direction in force, the difference between balanced and unbalanced forces, and the effects of force on motion, speed, and shape. Additionally, it categorizes forces into contact and non-contact types, providing examples and measurement methods for force.

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8 views

Notes - Force

The document discusses the concept of force, defining it as a push or pull that can change the motion or state of an object. It explains the importance of magnitude and direction in force, the difference between balanced and unbalanced forces, and the effects of force on motion, speed, and shape. Additionally, it categorizes forces into contact and non-contact types, providing examples and measurement methods for force.

Uploaded by

botenoob857
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SCIENCE NOTES : CHAPTER -9 FORCE @Aanchal Tyagi

FORCE

• Force is an action of a push or a pull on an object


• Force refers to an agent which produces motion in a body or changes the existing state of motion in
a body
• Eg- vendor pushing a cart, person opening a door, kicking, squeezing, stretching, inflating, etc.
INTERACTION [to act together] – FORCE IS APPLIED BY INTERACTION

• Objects must interact with each other for a force to come into play.
EVERY FORCE HAS – MAGNITUDE AND DIRECTION
MAGNITUDE OF FORCE

• The amount of force applied to an object is called magnitude.


• Magnitude refers to the strength of the force
• Greater the magnitude of force, stronger the force.
• It is measured in Newton ‘N’. eg- a force of 100 N will be lesser than a force of 150 N.
NET FORCE [ resultant force]

• Multiple forces applies on an object at a time, thus NET FORCE refers to the sum of all the forces
acting on an object.
• Net Force determines the direction and speed of movement when force is applied and body comes
in motion.
• Case 1 – forces applied along same direction – SUM OF THE FORCES
• Case 2 – Forces applied in opposite direction – DIFFERNECE BETWEEN THE FORCES
BALANCED FORCES – when forces applied on an object cancel each other such that no net force acts on the
object, state of equilibrium is achieved. Net Force will be ZERO
UNBALANCD FORCES – when forces applied on an object result in a net force that acts on the object
DIRECTION OF FORCE

• The direction of force is the direction in which the force acts.


• Force of same magnitude but in a different direction can have a very different effect.
• Direction in which force is applied determines the direction of resultant motion

A. PUSH/PULL IN ONE DIRECTION ONLY


The object moves in the only direction same as direction of the force is applied in.

B. PUSH/PULL IN THE SAME DIRECTION


Forces applied on an object in same direction, adds up and increases the motion/ speed.
Sum of the two forces is taken when forces are applied in same direction.

C. PUSH/PULL IN OPPOSITE DIRCETION


Forces applied on an object in opposite direction, opposes each other. Thus difference b/w the
forces is taken. Net force will act in the direction of the larger force or if opposing force are equal,
net force will be Zero
EFFECT OF FORCE [what can force do?]
• outcome which shows that force is applied is known as effect of force.
• When two/more forces act on an object in different directions, the effect of force on it, is due to Magnitude
& Direction of the Net Force acting on it.
1. Change the state of motion
• Force can make stationary object move, or can change its position of rest
Eg kick to a still ball, lifting a glass of water, etc.
2. Change the speed of moving object
• Moving Object’s speed can be increased, reduced or stops the motion by applying force
Eg – goalkeeper reduces ball’s speed, ball hit by batsman, etc
3. Change the direction of motion of moving object.
4. Change the shape and size of the object
• Force when applied on an object can alter its shape and size thus bringing an change in its
state.
Eg – squeezing lemon, stretching springs, etc.
5. Changes the force of gravity acting on an object, the height or distance at which object is raised
from the ground can be changed or lifted up/down by force.

KINDS OF FORCES [ total 5]

CONTACT FORCES NON- CONTACT FORCES

MUSCULAR FRICTIONAL GRAVITATIONAL MAGNETIC FORCE ELECTROSTATIC


FORCE FORCE FORCE FORCE

CONTACT FORCES
Forces that arises as a result of an interaction between objects that are in physical contact with another
are called as contact forces.
1. MUSCULAR FORCE
• force exerted by the muscles of a living being is called muscular force.
• Various Physical activities involves muscular force
• Eg- walking, breathing, hammering, peeling fruits, kick to a football, etc.
2. FRICTION / FRICTIONAL FORCE
• Force that opposes the motion of an object relative to the surface of another object, is called
frictional force.
• It comes into action when an object moves in contact with another object.
• It prevents objects to move.
• Eg- friction b/w road surface & tyre of vehicle, force on aeroplane due to air, etc.

NON- CONTACT FORCES


Forces that arises due to an interaction between objects that are not in physical contact with one
another are called non- contact forces.
1. GRAVITATIONAL FORCE/ FORCE OF GRAVITY
• It is the force exerted by the earth on an object. Earth always pulls objects towards itself, this
force is always attractive in nature.
• Gravitational force of the earth acts in the downward direction i.e towards the ground.
• Sir Isaac Newton – proposed for the 1st time that – every object having mass exerts a pull
forve on another object even if not connected, known as Gravitational Force/pull.
• Gravitational force acts on all objects on & around the earth, including atmosphere.
2. MAGNETIC FORCE
• It is the force exerted by a magnet or a magnetises material on another magnet of magnetic
material.
• It can be attractive and repulsive.
• It is limited to magnetic objects or magnetic zones only.
3. ELECTROSTATICE FORCE
• It is the force exerted by a charged object on another charged or uncharged object.
• It can be repulsive or attractive.
• Eg- inflated ballon rubbed on a piece of cloth, when brought near hair, attracts the hair.
MEASUREMENT OF FORCE

• Force is measured in NEWTON i.e S.I unit of force is ‘N’


• Force measurement refers to quantify the amount of force acting on object.
• Force measure is related with the weight of the object
• Spring balance – Instrument which can be used to weigh the object. Spring balance have a spring
inside attached & a hook attached. The object is suspended from the hook and weight is indicated
on the scale.
• Spring Balance is also known as Force meter, it works on principle of measuring pull force from
gravity.
Weight – it is the pull force on the object from gravity.

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