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Carbon Compounds and Hydrocarbons

Carbon's ability to form four covalent bonds allows for the creation of diverse structures, including hydrocarbons, which are classified as saturated or unsaturated based on their bonding. Functional groups in carbon compounds dictate their chemical reactions, and hydrocarbons play essential roles in fuels, solvents, and manufacturing. Isomers of hydrocarbons have the same molecular formula but different structures, impacting their properties and uses in biological processes.

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16 views1 page

Carbon Compounds and Hydrocarbons

Carbon's ability to form four covalent bonds allows for the creation of diverse structures, including hydrocarbons, which are classified as saturated or unsaturated based on their bonding. Functional groups in carbon compounds dictate their chemical reactions, and hydrocarbons play essential roles in fuels, solvents, and manufacturing. Isomers of hydrocarbons have the same molecular formula but different structures, impacting their properties and uses in biological processes.

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kaushalprathap
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Carbon is versatile because it can form four Hydrocarbons are compounds made up of only

covalent bonds, allowing it to create long chains, carbon and hydrogen. They can be classified into
rings, and complex structures like proteins, DNA, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic
and carbohydrates. hydrocarbons, each with distinct bonding patterns.

Hydrocarbons can be: - Saturated (alkanes) with A functional group is a specific group of atoms
single bonds - Unsaturated (alkenes and alkynes) within a molecule that is responsible for the
with one or more double or triple bonds, characteristic reactions of that compound, such as
respectively. hydroxyl (-OH), carboxyl (-COOH), and amino (-
NH₂).

Carbon compounds typically have low melting and Saturated hydrocarbons, like alkanes, have only
boiling points, are insoluble in water but soluble in single bonds between carbon atoms, while
organic solvents, and are often flammable due to unsaturated hydrocarbons, like alkenes and
their covalent bonds. alkynes, contain double or triple bonds between
carbon atoms.

Alkanes: CnH2n+2C_nH_{2n+2}CnH2n+2, Alkenes: Hydrocarbons are used as fuels (e.g., methane,


CnH2nC_nH_{2n}CnH2n, Alkynes: LPG), solvents, and in manufacturing chemicals,
CnH2n−2C_nH_{2n-2}CnH2n−2. These formulas plastics, and medicines, making them vital in
represent the number of hydrogen atoms in industries and daily life.
relation to the number of carbon atoms.

Isomers are compounds that have the same Alkanes have single bonds (e.g., methane,
molecular formula but different structural CH4CH_4CH4); alkenes have at least one double
arrangements of atoms, leading to different bond (e.g., ethene, C2H4C_2H_4C2H4); alkynes
properties. Example: Butane and isobutane are have at least one triple bond (e.g., ethyne,
isomers of C4H10C_4H_{10}C4H10. C2H2C_2H_2C2H2).

Carbon compounds are formed through reactions Carbon compounds are crucial in biological
like combustion, addition, substitution, and processes such as respiration, photosynthesis, and
polymerization. Methods include cracking, the carbon cycle, maintaining balance in
distillation, and fermentation. ecosystems and supporting life on Earth.

Flashcards carbon and its compounds by S.Kaushal

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