ONLINE TEACHING MODULES – BASIC DESIGN SECOND YEAR B.
ARCH – 2020-2021
BUILDING SERVICES II ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021
UNIT-I SECOND YEAR B.ARCH
MODULE NO. 02 Prepared By:
Ar. Tanmayee Panse
STES’s SINHGAD COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE, PUNE
ONLINE TEACHING MODULES - BUILDING SERVICES II SECOND YEAR B.ARCH – 2020-2021
COURSE OBJECTIVE
Unit II -Lighting-Natural- Introduction to integrated design approach for daylighting to cover
Passive design strategies of siting, form, fenestration design,
Choice of glazing material
Methods for predicting daylight i.e. daylight factor.
New technologies to access (light pipes) and control daylight (Lighting Controls)
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ONLINE TEACHING MODULES – BUILDING SERVICES II SECOND YEAR B.ARCH – 2020-2021
Illumination
What is illumination or lighting
design?
Lighting designing is the
combination of science and art,
which makes it an architectural
discipline
Architectural lighting
design is a field
within architecture, interior
design and electrical
engineering that is concerned
with the design of lighting systems,
including natural light, electric
light, or both, to serve human
needs.
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ONLINE TEACHING MODULES - BUILDING SERVICES II SECOND YEAR B.ARCH – 2020-2021
What is light? advises on lighting practice involving minimum
illumination levels.
IESNA defines light as visually evaluated radiant energy.
If light is considered as wave similar to radio wave or A/C wave, it has a
frequency and a wave length. The figure below shows the position of light in the
wave spectrum.
(Illuminating Engineering Society of North America)
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ONLINE TEACHING MODULES - BUILDING SERVICES II SECOND YEAR B.ARCH – 2020-2021
Illumination
Visible light constitutes a very
small portion of the wave
energy spectrum. Color is
determined by wave
length.
When a light source produces
energy over the entire
visible spectrum in
approximately equal
quantities, the combination
appears “white”.
White light is a mixture of all colors, in
roughly equal proportions. White objects
look white because they reflect back all the
visible wavelengths of light that shine on
them - so the light still looks white to us.
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ONLINE TEACHING MODULES - BUILDING SERVICES II SECOND YEAR B.ARCH – 2020-2021
Terminology and Definitions
Luminous Intensity
luminous intensity is a
measure of the wavelength-
weighted power emitted by
a light source in a particular
direction per unit solid angle.
Luminous intensity is the ability to
emit light into a given direction.
The SI unit of this is
candela (cd) and is normally
represented by the letter “I”.
An ordinary wax candle
has a luminous intensity of
approximately one candela.
Luminous intensity is a
characteristic of the source only; it
is independent of the visual sense.
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ONLINE TEACHING MODULES - BUILDING SERVICES II SECOND YEAR B.ARCH – 2020-2021
Terminology and Definitions
Luminous Flux
luminous flux or luminous
power is the measure of the perceived
power of light. Luminous flux is the
quantity of the energy of the light
emitted per second in all directions.
The SI unit of this is the
“lumen” (lm). If we take one candela
source radiating light equally in all
directions and surround it with a
transparent sphere of 1 meter radius
then by definition, the amount of
luminous energy (flux) emanating from 1
sq. m. of the surface of the sphere, is
one lumen.
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ONLINE TEACHING MODULES - BUILDING SERVICES II SECOND YEAR B.ARCH – 2020-2021
Terminology and Definitions
Illuminance
One lumen of luminous flux,
uniformly incident on 1m2 area, produces
an illuminance of 1 lux (lx). It is
represented by the letter “E”.
In other words, illuminance is the
density of incident luminous power,
expressed in terms of lumens per unit
area.
Lux = lumens / sq. m. area
= 1lm / m2 --------------------- (1)
A lumen is a measure of the amount of brightness of a
lightbulb -- the higher the number of lumens, the brighter
the lightbulb.
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ONLINE TEACHING MODULES - BUILDING SERVICES II SECOND YEAR B.ARCH – 2020-2021
Terminology and Definitions
luminance is the intensity of the emitted light from a
Luminance surface per unit area in a particular direction
An object is seen because the light coming
from it enters the eye. The impression received is one of
object brightness.
Luminance is a photometric measure of the luminous
intensity per unit area of light.
It describes the amount of light that passes through, is
emitted or reflected from a particular area.
It is the amount of light entering our eye after being
reflected, passed through or emitted by a surface.
It is the perceived brightness of the surface.
The measurable reproducible state of object luminosity
is its “luminance”. It is defined in terms of intensity; it is
the luminous intensity per unit of apparent area of a
primary (emitting) or secondary (reflecting) light
source. Thus the units are candela per unit area and
the SI units are (cd / m2).
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ONLINE TEACHING MODULES - BUILDING SERVICES II SECOND YEAR B.ARCH – 2020-2021
Daylighting
Positives Negatives
• Varying intensity and color through out • Unavailable during night
the day • Harsh intensities
• Abundantly available free • Needs special aperture design to control
• Enhances human performance and distribute(should be consider in
• Energy efficient design of building)
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ONLINE TEACHING MODULES - BUILDING SERVICES II SECOND YEAR B.ARCH – 2020-2021
Daylight factor
In architecture, a daylight
factor (DF) is the ratio of the light
level inside a structure to the light
level outside the structure. It is
defined as:
DF = (Ei / Eo) x 100%
where, Ei = illuminance due to
daylight at a point on the indoors
working plane, Eo = simultaneous
outdoor illuminance on a
horizontal plane from an
unobstructed hemisphere of
overcast sky.
1% for bedrooms, 1.5% for living rooms and 2% for
kitchens.
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ONLINE TEACHING MODULES - BUILDING SERVICES II SECOND YEAR B.ARCH – 2020-2021
Illumination
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ONLINE TEACHING MODULES - BUILDING SERVICES II SECOND YEAR B.ARCH – 2020-2021
Daylight factor
The daylight factor in a particular building space depends upon a number of design
factors including
1. • size of daylight apertures (windows, skylights, etc.);
2. • location of daylight apertures (sidelighting, toplighting, etc.);
3. • access to daylight (considering the site, building, and room
4. contexts);
5. • room geometry (height, width, and depth);
6. • location of the point of interest relative to apertures;
7. • visible transmittance (VT) of glazing;
8. • reflectances of room surfaces and contents;
9. • reflectances of exterior surfaces affecting daylight entering the aperture;
10.• the effects of daylighting enhancements (such as light shelves).
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ONLINE TEACHING MODULES - BUILDING SERVICES II SECOND YEAR B.ARCH – 2020-2021
Procedure of lighting design
Requirements
-Function: activity
-Occupancy: age, health
-Reflectance of internal surfaces
Conditions that affect daylight design
-Location
-Weather conditions
-Terrain and external surfaces reflections
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ONLINE TEACHING MODULES - BUILDING SERVICES II SECOND YEAR B.ARCH – 2020-2021
Procedure of DAY lighting design
I = SC + ERC + IRC ERC = external reflection component
SC = Sky component IRC = internal reflection component
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ONLINE TEACHING MODULES - BUILDING SERVICES II SECOND YEAR B.ARCH – 2020-2021
What do you design in daylight designing???
• Size of daylight aperture Daylighting systems
• Transparency of the glass • Windows
• Shading devices • Sky lights
• Advanced daylighting • Light shelves
techniques • Light pipes
• Integration of daylight with • Atriums
artificial lighting controls • Roof monitors
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ONLINE TEACHING MODULES - BUILDING SERVICES II SECOND YEAR B.ARCH – 2020-2021
Windows
Useful daylighting will only reach a
distance of 2.5 times eht fo thgieh eht
krow eht evoba wodniw eht fo pot
fo thgieh ksed a ta nekat yllausu( enalp
90 cm. In a standard office building
with a window height of 2.5 m, this
means a maximum of about 5-7
metres .
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ONLINE TEACHING MODULES - BUILDING SERVICES II SECOND YEAR B.ARCH – 2020-2021
Skylights
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ONLINE TEACHING MODULES - BUILDING SERVICES II SECOND YEAR B.ARCH – 2020-2021
Light shelves
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ONLINE TEACHING MODULES – BUILDING SERVICES II SECOND YEAR B.ARCH – 2020-2021
Light pipes
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ONLINE TEACHING MODULES – BUILDING SERVICES II SECOND YEAR B.ARCH – 2020-2021
Roof minitors
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ONLINE TEACHING MODULES – BUILDING SERVICES II SECOND YEAR B.ARCH – 2020-2021
Atriums
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ONLINE TEACHING MODULES – BUILDING SERVICES II SECOND YEAR B.ARCH – 2020-2021
Most Of The Daylighting Techniques
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ONLINE TEACHING MODULES – BUILDING SERVICES II SECOND YEAR B.ARCH – 2020-2021
Design Recommendations:
• Increase perimeter daylight zones—extend the perimeter footprint to maximize the
usable daylighting area.
• Allow daylight penetration high in a space. Windows located high in a wall or in
roof monitors and clerestories will result in deeper light penetration and reduce the
likelihood of excessive brightness.
• Reflect daylight within a space to increase room brightness. A light shelf, if properly
designed, has the potential to increase room brightness and decrease window
brightness.
• Slope ceilings to direct more light into a space. Sloping the ceiling away from the
fenestration area will help increase the surface brightness of the ceiling further into
a space.
• Avoid direct beam daylight on critical visual tasks. Poor visibility and discomfort will
result if excessive brightness differences occur in the vicinity of critical visual tasks.
• Filter daylight. The harshness of direct light can be filtered with vegetation, curtains,
louvers, or the like, and will help distribute light.
• Understand that different building orientations will benefit from different daylighting
strategies; for example, light shelves—which are effective on south facades—are
often ineffective on east or west elevations of buildings.
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ONLINE TEACHING MODULES – BUILDING SERVICES II SECOND YEAR B.ARCH – 2020-2021
Thank You
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