FINAL REVISION EXAM 2024 - 2025

CLASS X SOCIAL SCIENCE MAX MARK 80

SECTION – A
Multiple Choice Questions ( 1 × 20 = 20)

1. Which of the following was the cause for business classes to participate in the
Civil Disobedience Movement? (1)
(a) Protection against the import of foreign goods
(b) To import their goods
(c) To buy foreign goods without any restrictions.
(d) To sell Indian goods without any restrictions
2. Based on the given data, find out which state can be regarded as the most
developed of the three. (1)
State Per Capita Income for 2018 – 19 (in ₹)
Haryana 2,36,147
Kerala 2,04,105
Bihar 40,982
(a) Bihar (b) Kerala
(c) Haryana (d) Haryana and Kerala both
3. Interpret the following pie diagram and choose the correct option for the
following question.

What is the significance of 96.5% oceans water? (1)

(a) Rich in marine resources (b) Available for drinking
(c) Can be used in factories (d) Can be used by farmers
4. Which of the following options represents the steps that can be involved to
produce rice in Haryana and Punjab?
Statement I : Using high-yielding variety of seeds.
Statement II : Using insecticides and pesticides and chemical fertilisers
Statement III: Using machines and other modern methods for cultivation.
Statement IV: Production of rice involves subsistence farming methods.
(a) Statement (I) and (II) are correct
(b) Statement (II) is correct
(c) Statement (I), (II) and (III) are correct
(d) Statement (II), (III) and (IV) are correct (1)
5. The Panchayat works under the overall supervision of the:
(a) State Government (b) Gram Sabha
(c) Block Level (d) Zilla Parishad (1)
6. Which of the following statements accurately distinguishes the Central
Government and the Community Government in the context of Belgium?
(a) The Central Government makes decisions unilaterally, while the
Community Government requires the support of a majority from each
linguistic group.
(b) The Central Government has powers over cultural and language – related
issues, while the Community Government consists of elected
representatives from Dutch and French – speaking communities.
(c) The Central Government is subordinate to the State Governments, while
the Community Government has equal representation for both Dutch and
French – speaking communities.
(d) The Central Government consists of Dutch and French – speaking
ministers, while the Community Government represents specific
language communities and has powers related to cultural and language –
related issues. (1)
7. Which of the following changes Napoleon introduced to make the
administrative system more efficient in the territories ruled by him? (1)
Select the correct options.
(i) He established equality before law
(ii) He secured right to property
(iii) He introduced Napoleonic code in 1820
(iv) He made administrative division more complex
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3 (c) 1 and 3 (d) 2 and 4
8. What is a Cheque? (1)
(a) A cheque is a paper instructing the bank to pay a specific amount from the
person’s account to the person in whose name the cheque has been issued.
 (b) A cheque is a card from which a person in whose name it has been issued
can take out the amount from the bank directly.
(c) A cheque is a form of cash which the payer who doesn’t has an account
with the bank, can take the money from the bank and makes the payment.
(d) A cheque is a paper instructing the bank to pay from a specific amount
from one person’s bank account to the account of another person in the
same bank only. (1)
9. Which of the following is not a federal country? (1)
(a) Malaysia (b) Belgium (c) India (d) USA
10. Study the picture and answer the question that follows:

Which option represent the above given picture? (1)

(a) Le Radeau de La Meduse (b) The Massacre at Chios
(c) Claude Monet (d) Camille Pissarro
11. Fill in the blank:

Sector Criteria Used

Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Nature of economic activity
Organised and Unorganised ?

Options: (1)
(a) Nature of Employment activities (b) Nature of Social activities
(c) Nature of Production activities (d) Nature of Political activities
12. Democracy ensures that decision making will be based on ………..
(a) Governance ideology (b) Principles of Management
(c) The doctrine of political policies (d) Norms and procedures (1)
13. Arrange the following incidents in decreasing order of their happening years.
(i) Poona Pact was signed between Gandhi and Ambedkar.
(ii) Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh was founded.
(iii)Bhagat Singh killed a senior British police officer in Lahore.
(iv)All Congress ministers resigned.
(a) (i), (iv), (iii), (ii) (b) (iv), (ii), (iii), (i)
(c) (ii), (iv), (iii), (i) (d) (iv), (i), (iii), (ii) (1)
14. Ramanlal is a farmer who sells wheat to a flour mill for ₹ 8 per kg. The mill
grinds the wheat and sells the flour to a biscuit company for ₹10 per kg. The
biscuit company uses flour and things such as sugar and oil to make four
packets of biscuits. It sells biscuits in the market to the consumers for ₹60
(₹15 per packet). With the help of above information, in which category will
you classify Biscuits that reach the consumers?

(a) Consumer reach goods (b) Final goods

(c) Intermediate goods (d) Capital goods (1)
15. Consider the statements given below and choose the correct answer:
Statement I : Buddhist missionaries from China introduced hand – printing
technology into Japan around AD 768 – 770.
Statement II : Printing woodblocks of the Japanese are collection of Buddhist
scriptures.
(a) Both Statements (I) and (II) are incorrect
(b) Statement (I) is incorrect and (II) is correct
(c) Statement (I) is correct and (II) is incorrect
(d) Both Statements (I) and (II) are correct (1)
16. During a Geography class, the teacher discussed alluvial soils with the
students, giving them various clues. Which of the following clues provided
by teacher is correct? (1)
(i) This type of soil is typical of the Deccan trap (Basalt) region spread over
northwest Deccan plateau and is made up of lava flows.
(ii) This is the most widely spread and important soil.
(iii) Mostly these soils contain an adequate proportion of potash, phosphoric
acid and lime.
(iv) These soils develop under tropical and subtropical regions in India.
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 4 only (d) 3 and 4 only
17. Which of the following statements is common about Biju Janata Dal, Sikkim
Democratic Front, Mizo National Front, and Telangana Rashtra Samithi?
Statement I : These parties are not regional in their ideology or outlook.
Statement II : They are regional in their ideology but have a national outlook.
 Statement III: They all are conscious about their state/ regional identity.
Statement IV: They all are conscious about their national identity.
(a) Only statement (IV) is right.
(b) Statement (III) is right.
(c) Statement (I), (II) and (III) are right.
(d) Statement (I) and (II) are right. (1)
18. Unlike gender differences, religious differences are often expressed in the
field of:
(a) official (b) public
(c) personal (d) politics (1)
19. Which of the following is false with respect to the political party?
(a) A political party holds power in the government.
(b) A political party is a group of people who come together to contest
elections.
(c) A political party agrees on some policies and programmes for the
Government with a view to promote the collective good.
(d) None of these (1)
20. Match List – I with List- II and select the correct answer using the codes below
in the lists.

List – I List – II
(i) Money (A) Both parties agree to sell and buy each
others commodities
(ii) RBI (B)Act as medium of exchange in transaction
(iii) Double coincidence of (C) Deposits in bank accounts
wants
(iv) Demand deposits (D) Issues currency notes on behalf of the
central government.

Choose the correct answer from the option given below:

(a) (i) – (D); (ii) – (A); (iii) – (C); (iv) – (B)
(b) (i) – (B); (ii) – (D); (iii) – (A); (iv) – (C)
(c) (i) – (C); (ii) – (A); (iii) – (B); (iv) – (D)
(d) (i) – (D);(ii) – (C); (iii) – (B); (iv) – (A) (1)
 SECTION – B
Very Short Answer Questions ( 2 × 4 = 8)

21. Study the map thoroughly and compare the location of Indian Tamils and
Sri Lankan Tamils in Sri Lanka. (2)

22. (A) Explain the role of languages in developing the national sentiments in
Europe. (2)
Or
(B) Explain the political situation of Italy before its unification.
23. Why is there enormous pressure on agricultural land in intensive subsistence
farming? (2)
24. What is the main difference between a federal form of government and a
unitary one? Explain with an example. (2)
SECTION – C
Short Answer – Based Questions (3 × 5 = 15)
25. The Roman Catholic Church began keeping an index of prohibited books from
the mid-sixteenth century. Give reason (3)
26. (A) Write some facts of the Indian chemical industry. (3)
Or
(B) Suggest any three measures to reduce the industrial pollution of freshwater
resources.
27. If we look at the country as a whole, we find that 93% of the workers in India
are in the unorganized sector. Organised sector employment is available to
only about 7% of the workers in India. (3)
 Workers in different sectors (in millions)
State Organised Unorganised Total
Primary 1 232
Secondary 41 74 115
Tertiary 40 88 172
Total 82
Total in Percentage 100%

Workers in the unorganized sector work hard, but earn very little. Give
reasons. What problems do they face there? Think why they are forced to
work in this sector.
28. Judiciary plays an important role in India federalism. Justify the statement.
(3)
29. Study the table and answer the question given below.
Share of Sectors in GDP in %
Year Tertiary Secondary Primary
1973 – 74 50 10 40
2013 – 14 68 21 11

It can be observed that comparatively over the last forty years, the tertiary
sector has emerged as the largest producing sector of the three sectors.
Highlight the factors responsible for the rising importance of the Tertiary
Sector in Production.
SECTION – D
Long Answer – Based Questions (5 × 4 = 20)
30. (A) ‘Minerals are indispensable part of our lives’. Support the statement
with examples. (5)
Or
(B) Explain the different ways in which formation of minerals take place.
31. (A) What changes did Napoleon introduce to make the administrative
system more efficient in the territories ruled by him? (5)
Or
(B) Explain the different factors which led to the rise of nationalism in
 Europe.
32. (A) Examine any two institutional amendments made by different
institutions to reform political parties and their leaders. (5)
(B) What are the various challenges faced by political parties?
33. (A) ‘The Self – Help Groups help borrowers to overcome the problem of
lack of collateral security.’ Support the statement with examples. (5)
(B) Explain the differences between Formal and Informal Sources of
Credit.
SECTION – E
Case – Based Questions (4 × 3 = 12)
34. Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:
In the countryside, rich peasant communities were active in the Civil
Disobedience Movement. Being producers of commercial crops, they were
very hard hit by the trade depression and falling prices. As their cash
income disappeared, they found it impossible to pay the government’s
revenue demand. And the refusal of the government to reduce the revenue
demand led to widespread resentment. These rich peasants became
enthusiastic supporters of the Movement, organising their communities, and
at times forcing reluctant members, to participate in the boycott
programmes. For them, the fight for swaraj was a struggle against high
revenues. But they were deeply disappointed when the movement was
called off in 1931 without the revenue rates being revised. So when the
movement was restarted in 1932, many of them refused to participate. The
poorer peasantry was not just interested in the lowering of the revenue
demand. Many of them were small tenants cultivating land they had rented
from landlords. As the Depression continued and cash incomes dwindled,
the small tenants found it difficult to pay their rent. They wanted the unpaid
rent to the landlord to be remitted. They joined a variety of radical
movements, often led by Socialists and Communists. Congress was
unwilling to support ‘no rent’ campaigns in most places. So the relationship
between the poor peasants and the Congress remained uncertain.
1. Name the peasant communities that were active in the Civil
Disobedience Movement. (1)
2. Why was Congress unwilling to support ‘no rent’ campaigns in most
places? (1)
3. What did Swaraj meant for the rich peasants? (2)
35. Read the given extract and answer the following questions:
Post – independent India witnessed intensive industrialization and
urbanization, creating vast opportunities for us. Today, large industrial
 houses are as commonplace as the industrial units of many MNCs (Multi
National Corporations). The ever-increasing number of industries has made
matters worse by exerting pressure on existing freshwater resources.
Industries, apart from being heavy users of water, also require power to run
them. Much of this energy comes from hydro-electric power. Moreover,
multiplying urban centres with large and dense populations and urban
lifestyles have not only added to water and energy requirements but have
further aggravated the problem. If you look into the housing societies or
colonies in the cities, you would find that most of these have their own
groundwater pumping devices to meet their water needs. Not surprisingly,
we find that fragile water resources are being over exploited and have
caused their depletion in several of these cities.
1. How has the process of industrialisation lead to urbanisation? 1
2. What do you understand by the term hydro-electricity? 1
3. How has the increasing number of industries made the matters worse with
respect to water resources? 2
36. Read the given extract and answer the following questions.
Besides seeking more income, one way or the other, people also seek things
like equal treatment, freedom, security, and respect of others. They resent
discrimination. All these are important goals. In fact, in some cases, these
may be more important than more income or more consumption because
material goods are not all that you need to live, Similarly, there are many
things that are not easily measured but they mean a lot to our lives. These
are often ignored. However, it will be wrong to conclude that what cannot
be measured is not important. For development, people look at a mix of
goals. It is true that if women are engaged in paid work, their dignity in the
household and society increases. However, it is also the case that if there is
respect for women there would be more sharing of housework and a greater
acceptance of women working outside. A safe and secure environment may
allow more women to take up a variety of jobs or run a business. Hence, the
developmental goals that people have are not only about better income but
also about other important things in life.
1. Explain with an example how people look at a mix of goals for
development. (1)
2. What cannot be measured is not important for development. State a
reason either in favour or against the statement. (1)
3. What benefit will the women get in safe environment? Explain. (2)
 SECTION – E
Map Skill – Based Questions (2 +3 = 5)
37. (a) Two features (A) and (B) have been marked on the given political outline
map of India. Identify these features with the help of the following
information and write their correct names on the lines marked near them.
(A) The place where the Indian National Congress Session was held in
1927
(B) The place where the movement of Indigo planters was started (2)
(b) On the same given political outline map of India locate and label any three
of the following with appropriate symbols.
(i) Sardar Sarovar – Dam
(ii) Bhilai – Iron and Steel Plant
(iii) Pune – Software Technology Park
(iv) Kochi – Major Sea Port
Map for Q. No 37 (a) and (b)
 ANSWERS
1. (a) Keen on expanding their business, people associated with business classes now reacted
against colonial policies that restricted business activities. They wanted protection
against import of foreign goods, and a rupee – sterling foreign exchange ration that
would discourage imports.
2. (c)
3. (d)
4. (c)
5. (b)
6. (d)
7. (a)
8. (a)
9. (a) A federal country or system of government is one in which the different states or
provinces of the country have important powers to make their own laws and decisions.
10. (b)
11. (a)
12. (d)
13. (d) Poona Pact was signed between Gandhi and Ambedkar in 1932. Rashtriya
Swayamsevak Sangh was founded in 1925. In 1928, Bhagat Singh along with Rajguru
shot and killed John Saunders. In 1939, all Congress ministries resigned.
14. (b)
15. (c)
16. (b)
17. (b)
18. (d) Differences between males and females are associated with the term gender differences.
Religious differences refer to the concept of having different diversity in the aspects
related to religion, such as Gods, rituals, practices and culture.
19. (d)
20. (b)
21. While the Sri Lankan Tamils are concentrated in the north and east edge of the country,
the Indian Tamils are mostly concentrated in the centre of the country within the Sinhalese
area.
22. (A) Languages played a vital role in the development of nationalist sentiments in Europe in
the following ways:
• The Polish language was banned after Russia occupied Poland. It was replaced by the
Russian language.
• The language started to be used by many members of the clergy in Poland as a weapon
of national resistance.
• The use of Polish came to be identified as a symbol of the struggle against Russian
dominance.
Or
(B) *The greatest problem in the unification of Italy was its fragmentation into several
political units, each under a different authority.
• Italians were scattered over several dynastic states as well as the multi-national
Habsburg Empire.
• Italy was divided into seven states during the middle of the 19th century. Out of
seven, only one Sardinia-Piedmont was ruled by an Italian Princely House. The North
was under Austrian Habsburgs. The Centre was ruled by the Pope. Southern regions
were under the Bourbon kings of Spain.
• The Italian language had many regional and local variations and had not acquired
one common form.
23. * The right of inheritance leading to division of land among successive generations has
rendered land holding size uneconomical.
• The farmers continue to take maximum output from the limited land in the absence
of alternative source of livelihood.
• A piece of land keeps dividing among the generations of farmers.
• As a result of continued division, the piece of land becomes smaller and smaller and
eventually insufficient even to fullfill the family needs.
• Thus, there is enormous pressure on agricultural land.
24. Federalism is a system of government in which the power is divided between a central
authority and various constituent units of the country. Federal governments have two or
more tiers of government. In a federal form of government, the central government shares
its powers with the various constituent units of the country. Both types of governments
enjoy independent powers and are separately answerable to the people. For example, in
India, power is divided between the Central Government and the various State
governments. In a unitary form of government, either there is one level of government or
the sub-units are subordinate to the Central government. In this, the Central government
 can pass orders to the provincial or the regional government. For example, in Sri Lanka,
the national government has all the powers.

25. The Roman Catholic Church began keeping an index of prohibited books from the mid-
sixteenth century due to following reasons:
• People wanted to know more and more about their religion and about their church.
• This made the clergy afraid of the new awakening. They saw it as a threat to their
privileges, to their monopoly of interpreting religious texts and thus to their incomes.
• They felt that free print material could make the people rebel against the established
religion. All this led to a religious debate and marked the beginning of the Protestant
Reformation Movement.
• With this fear in mind, the Roman Catholic Church imposed several controls over
publishers and booksellers.
• The Roman Church troubled by such effects of popular readings and questioning of faith
imposed severe controls over publishers and booksellers and began to maintain an Index
of Prohibited Books from 1558.
26. A) The chemical industry in India is fast growing and diversifying. Following are the facts
of Indian chemical industry:
• It contributes approximately 3 per cent (24.45 per cent of the total export of chemical and
allied products) of the GDP.
• It is the third largest in Asia and occupies the twelfth place in the world in terms of its
size.
• The growth rate of this industry is 10-12 per cent growth per annum, which is 2 per cent
of global chemical industry.
• India is the second largest producer of agrochemical in Asia.
• The inorganic chemicals comprises 29.39 per cent of imports.

Or

(B) Following are the three measures to reduce the industrial pollution of freshwater resources.
(a) Minimising the use of water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more
successive stages.
(b) Harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements.
(c) Treatment of hot water and effluents before releasing them into rivers and ponds.
27. (i) The unorganised sector consists of small and scattered units which are largely outside the
 control of the government.
(ii) These units are owned by private individuals. Their aim is to maximise profit. The wages
are very low and there is no provision for overtime, paid leave etc. Here workers have to
face social discrimination also besides getting irregular and insecure employment.
(iii) But they continue to do work in this sector because they do not have a better option.
28. Judiciary plays an important role in Indian federalism. Justify the statement.
• Judiciary with the Supreme Court at the apex is the sole interpreter of the Indian
Constitution.
• Independent judiciary is the essence of the federal government. Here, courts have the
power to interpret the constitution and the powers of the different levels of
government.
• Judiciary administers both the union and state laws which are applicable to the cases
coming up for adjudication.
• The disputes about the division of powers are settled by the Judiciary. In India, the
highest court-the Supreme Court acts as an umpire if a dispute arises between the
different levels of government in the exercise of their respective powers.
Hence, the judiciary is considered as the guardian of the Indian federalism.

29. Over the forty years between 1973-74 and 2013-14, while production in all three sectors
has increased, it has increased the most in the tertiary sector. As a result, in the year 2013-
14, the tertiary sector emerged as the largest producing sector in India replacing the
primary sector. Its development can be attributed to various factors like:
• Basic services like hospitals, education, post and telegraph, courts, etc. are the
responsibility of the government in developing countries.
• Demand for services such as transport, trade, and storage will increase with the
development of primary and secondary sectors.
• Demand for tourism, shopping, private schools, private hospitals, etc. increases with
the increase in the level of income.
• Rapid growth of the service sector also benefitted from external demand such as the
software industry and call centre services.
• Liberalisation of the financial sector provided an environment for faster growth of
financial services.
30. (A) Minerals are an indispensable part of our lives:
• Almost everything we use, from a tiny pin to a towering building or a big ship, all
are made from minerals.
 • The railway lines and the tarmac (paving) of the roads, our implements, and
machinery to are made from minerals.
• Cars, buses, trains, aeroplanes are manufactured from minerals and run on power
resources derived from the earth.
• Even the food that we eat contains minerals. It is only 0.3 per cent of the total intake
of nutrients but they are so potent and so important that without them we would not
be able to utilise the other 99.7 per cent of the foodstuffs.
• In all stages of development, human beings have used minerals for their livelihood,
decoration, festivities, religious and ceremonial rites,
Or
(B)(a) In igneous and metamorphic rocks minerals may occur in the cracks, crevices, faults or
joints. The smaller occurrences are called veins and the larger are called lodes.
(b) In sedimentary rocks a number of minerals occur in beds or layers.
(c) Another mode of formation involves the decomposition of surface rocks, and the
removal of soluble constituents, leaving a residual mass of weathered material
containing ores
(d) Some minerals may occur as alluvial deposits in sands of valley floors and the base of
hills.
(e) The ocean waters contain vast quantities of minerals, but most of these are too widely
diffused to be of economic significance. The ocean beds, too, are rich in certain types
of minerals.
31. (A) * Napoleon introduced the following changes to make the administrative system more
efficient in the areas ruled by him :
• He established the Civil Code of 1804, also known as the Napoleonic Code. This
code did away with all privileges based on birth. It established equality before Law
and also secured the right to property.
• He simplified administrative divisions.
• He abolished the feudal system and freed peasants from serfdom and manorial dues.
• Peasants, artisans, workers and new businessmen enjoyed many freedoms that were
not given to them.
• In towns too, guild systems were removed.
• Transport and communication systems were improved.
Or
(B) Following are the factors which led to the rise of Nationalism in Europe:
• Decline of feudalism: Feudal lords were a great tumbling block in the way of the rise of
 the nationalism feelings among the people. But their mutual warfare and crusades
weakened them.
• Weakness of Papacy and the Roman Empire: The renaissance and reformation
movements led to awakening among the people and weakened the authority of the pope
and the Holy Roman Empire. Consequently, national churches and national states were
established in many countries.
• Foreign rule: In certain countries, foreign rule also played an important part in the growth
of nationalism.
• Reaction against injustice: Sometimes reaction against the arbitrary rule of unjust
monarchs also gave birth to the feeling of nationalism.
• Contribution of great writers: The writings of great poets, politicians and philosophers
like Machiavelli, J.S. Mill, Fitch, Mazzini, Garibaldi etc. went a long way in rousing
political consciousness and national spirit among the people.
32. (A) The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MP's from changing parties
• The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals. Now,
it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an affidavit giving
details of his property and criminal cases pending against him.
• The Election Commission passed an order making it necessary for political parties to hold
their organisational elections and file their income tax returns.
• The parties have started doing so but sometimes it is a mere formality. It is not clear if
this step has led to greater internal democracy in political parties.
Or
(B) The various challenges faced by political parties are:
• Lack of Internal democracy: Every member of the political party does not have a chance
to take part in decision making process. Power remains in the hands of a few top leaders,
who do not consult ordinary members.
• Dynastic Succession: The biggest challenge within the political party is the issues of
dynastic succession. These parties do not have transparent functioning and always try to
give an unfair advantage to their family members. Hence, a political party remains under
the control of one family.
• Money and Muscle Power: Money is needed to organise demonstrations, public
meetings and speeches to publicise the image of the party. Parties choose those candidates
who can raise money for the party and win elections with their money.
• Meaningful choice to others: Most of the political parties have the same fundamental and
ideological issues. Voters do not have a meaningful choice.
33. (A)
• The members of the group can take a small loan from the group itself to meet their needs.
• The group charges Interest rates less than moneylenders which help them to repay their
loan with great ease.
• These groups are organised by women in rural areas. So these group gives special status
to women.
• These groups gradually can seek loans from the bank so as to create employment
opportunities for its members.
• Banks have been extending loans to these groups to meet their needs like buying
fertilisers, seeds, raw materials, etc.
These SHGs have emerged as building blocks of the rural poor as it is the group as a whole
that is responsible for the repayment of the loan. In case, of non-repayment, it is taken up
in a serious manner by the group members. Because of this feature, banks are willing to
lend to the poor women when organised in SHGs, even though they have no such
collaterals.
(B)
Formal Source of Credit Informal Source of Credit
(i) These sources of credit are registered These include those small and scattered
by the government and have to follow units which are largely outside of the
its rules and regulations. control of the government.
(ii) Formal sector credit includes banks Informal sector credit includes
and cooperatives. moneylenders, traders, employees, friends
and relatives.
(iii) Banks require collaterals No collaterals required
(iv) Charge a reasonable rate of interest. They charge much higher rate of interest
(v) Apart from profit making they have Their only motive is to extract high rate of
objective of social welfare. interest
(vi) Terms of credit are fair and reasonable They impose very tough and sometimes
even unreasonable terms of credit on
borrowers
(vii) Functioning is supervised by Reserve Banks do no supervise. There is no
Bank of India. organisation which supervises credit
activities.

34. 1. The rich peasant communities like the Patidars of Gujarat and the Jats of Uttar Pradesh
were active in the Civil Disobedience movement.
2. Congress was unwilling to support 'no rent' campaigns because they thought that it might
upset the rich peasants and landlords.
 3. The refusal of the government to reduce the revenue demand led to widespread
resentment. For the rich peasants 'Swaraj' meant struggle against high revenues.
35. 1. The process of industrialisation has led to urbanisation by creating economic growth and
job opportunities that draw people to cities.
2. The electricity generated by running water is termed as hydroelectricity.
3. Exerting pressure on the existing fresh water resources,
36. 1. People look at a mix of goals for development because they make their choices based on
various preferences. Income is one of those preferences which may not be the prime
criterion for everyone. Some may prefer job security to high income. Some may consider
other facilities like a safe and secure environment.
For example – Women, who are engaged in paid jobs are an example of persons who
fulfill a mix of goals.
Before accepting a job in a far – off place, people would try to consider many factors,
apart from income, such as facilities for family, working atmosphere, or opportunity to
learn.
2. It will be wrong to conclude that what cannot be measured is not important. For example,
the role of your friends in our life, sense of security, proper/timely leaves, and holidays.
3. Women will also be able to take up a variety of jobs or run a business in safe environment.
37.