International Journal of Scientific Research & Engineering Trends

Volume 11, Issue 1, Jan-Feb-2025, ISSN (Online): 2395-566X

Implementation of AC to DC Converter in Wind Power

Generation Using Matlab
Professor Dr.S Mani.Kuchibhatla, A.Sony, B. Nishith, B. Ruthwik
EEE, ACE Engineering College Ghatkesar, Telangana, India

Abstract- Wind power generation has emerged as a crucial component of renewable energy systems, offering a sustainable and
environmentally friendly alternative to fossil fuels. However, the integration of wind energy into the grid requires efficient
power conversion mechanisms due to the variable nature of wind speed and the need for compatibility with existing
infrastructure. A typical wind power system involves the conversion of mechanical energy into alternating current (AC) power
using a generator, which is driven by wind turbines. This project focuses on the design and implementation of an AC to DC
converter in wind power generation systems. The AC to DC converter plays a vital role in transforming the variable frequency
AC output of wind turbines into a stable DC voltage. In this process, the generated AC power is first converted into direct
current (DC) using power electronics, which enables efficient integration with batteries or facilitates smooth conversion. This
conversion process is essential for stabilizing power output, minimizing losses, and ensuring the efficient transmission of energy
over long distances. Advanced AC to DC converters and control systems enhance the reliability, efficiency, and scalability of
wind power systems, making them a vital component in modern renewable energy infrastructures. This is implemented in the
MATLAB/SIMULINLK.

Index Terms- WECS, PMSG, MATLAB , Diode Rectifier

I. INTRODUCTION There are two types of WECS

 Constant speed
Renewable energy sources are the sources that never get  Variable speed
exhausted and are always replenished by natural process. Sun
forms the major source of energy for all Renewable Energy Variable speed WECS is more beneficial compared to
Sources. The only source of energy that is freely and Constant speed. Power electronics plays a vital role in
abundantly available is renewable energy source as their CO2 providing solution to variable speed WECS. The WECS
emissions are minimum. Among these, wind energy is formed utilizes generators, which are classified as given below:
because of heating of earth’s surface [1].  Synchronous generators
 Permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSG)
Opportunities of Renewable Energy Sources
 Progresses with the improvement of efficiencies. PMSG does not require any kind of excitation circuit for its
 There is rising energy demand always, since fossil operation. With its low maintenance cost and high efficiency,
 fuels are depleting, RES have a good hold. it has been considered for high power applications. This paper
 People accept it socially and economically. analyses the PMSG generator based WECS. The power
produced from the Wind turbine is delivered to the rectifier
 It does not compulsorily require on grid connections.
for the conversion from AC to DC converter. The first part of
the simulation focuses on AC to DC conversion with WECS.
In case of WECS, wind energy is the primary source,which
The second part of the simulation focuses on supplying the
possesses kinetic energy due to movement of air which when
output voltage to a boost converter.
hits the blades of the turbine converts to mechanical energy.
Generator/alternator helps in converting mechanical to
electrical energy. In the last decade, WECS has achieved its II. PMSG BASED WECS
highest growth. Basically, a WECS consists of a wind turbine,
alternator, converters which are control system requirement WECS
along with power electronics. The WECS convert kinetic energy of the wind to mechanical
energy or electrical energy irrespective of different varieties of

© 2025 IJSRET
599
 International Journal of Scientific Research & Engineering Trends
Volume 11, Issue 1, Jan-Feb-2025, ISSN (Online): 2395-566X

wind turbines. In a practical machine, wind energy from the  PMSG elude the usage of slip rings, simple in use and
rotor blades is converted into rotational shaft energy. repairs free.
 The generator is brush less.
Pitch Control: In any wind turbines, the control of power  Higher efficiency, as the copper loss in the rotor
output from the turbine blades is a major issue. Pitch control disappear.
technology works on the principle of regulating blades by a
control system. In WECS, shaft is used to mechanically couple the turbine and
generator. In MATLAB Simulink model, generator is a
Pitch Angle: The more convenient way to control the power PMSG. Inbuilt PMSG is utilized.
is by incorporating the pitch angle control. This is useful in
regulating aerodynamic torque in WECS. For any given wind III. POWER CONVERTER TOPOLOGY
velocity pitch angle is optimum indicating that power output
at turbine is maximum. Because of the advent of power electronic converters,variable
speed WECS’s are very common these days which helps in
smooth variation of wind speeds. Depending on the type and
rating of load connected, the choice of power electronic
converter is made. There can be two types of loads either AC
or DC. If it is AC load then DC can be used to store the excess
power if necessary. If the load is DC then only ACDC
conversion is sufficient. A simple bridge rectifier incorporated
Fig.1.Variable speed wind turbine with power converter with a capacitor filters is sufficient but for high power
applications, more appropriate Power electronic switch need
Fig.1. represents the basic block diagram of the proposed to be used like SCR’s/IGBT/MOSFET etc. In this paper, a
work. Since the permanent magnet synchronous generator has three-phase diode bridge rectifier is used in first stage, which
a flexibility of gear less operation it is more commonly used converts three-phase AC output of WECS into DC output.
when compared to double fed induction motor in the This DC output is also stepped up in second stage using a
operations of wind industry the power electronics play a key boost converter.
vital role as Power electronic converter technology. For the
conversion process to take place, semiconductor switches are Three Phase Diode Rectification
used. These semiconductor switches are GTO, IGBT, and Rectification is the process of converting AC to DC signal.
MOSFET etc. The devices used have undergone major Rectification by means of diodes as the semiconductor
operational changes from many years and thereby forms the switches is more feasible as they are inexpensive, small and
most used switches in high power converters significantly robust. Rectification process can be either single phase or
three phase. In this paper, three phase uncontrolled rectifier is
PMSG used which is supplied by a three phase balanced supply.
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator are primarily used Diode rectification happens with supply being taken from the
to convert mechanical energy of wind in the wind turbine to grid or from any other three-phase AC source. This is
electrical energy. This electrical output can be fed to the grid. converted to DC output level.
Rotor and the stator run at the similar speed, referred to as
synchronous generator and the name permanent magnet
because the excitation field is a permanent magnet here.
Permanent magnets are used in excitation rather than an
electromagnet. The flux associated with the field is constant.
In permanent magnet synchronous generator, slip rings are not
necessary.

As shown in Fig. 1, a PMSG is utilized to transform wind

energy to electrical energy. PMSG yields adjustable
magnitude and adjustable frequency voltage.
Fig. 2: Full wave three phase uncontrolled rectifier.
Advantages of PMSG
 For the excitation circuit separate DC circuit is not Fig. 2 represents the full wave 3-φ diode bridge rectifier
necessary. circuit, in which two diodes will be existing per phase. Each
phase is sandwiched between a pair of diodes as shown in the

© 2025 IJSRET
600
 International Journal of Scientific Research & Engineering Trends
Volume 11, Issue 1, Jan-Feb-2025, ISSN (Online): 2395-566X

Fig .2. One diode from the upper leg and one diode from the
lower leg will conduct for 60º in pairs. During positive half
cycles D1, D3 and D5 conducts whereas during negative half
cycles D2, D4 and D6 conducts. Basically, diodes operate in
pairs in the above circuit as shown in Fig.2, which shows that
they are operating in series. Therefore, 60º is the commutation
angle of pair of diodes with each diode operating for a
conduction angle of 120º.
Fig. 4: working principle of DC-DC Converter

.
Fig. 5: Boost Converter

As shown In Fig.4 and In Fig.5 the inductor stores the energy

in the form of magnetic energy during Turn On condition of
the switch. It releases the energy during the turn off condition
of the switch. ,Step-up/Boost converter is used to boost the
output voltage compared to the input voltage. In this paper,
the output of rectifier is boosted to a certain voltage according
to the requirement of the load..
Fig. 3: Output Voltage Waveform
IV. MATLAB SIMULINK MODEL OF WECS
In Fig. 3, each diode operates for 120º, and each pair of diode
will operate for only 60º of cycle at any given time. The PMSG based WECS is simulated in MATLAB in three
Therefore, each phase is separated by 360º/3 = 120º. Which different stages. In the first part of the simulation, only WECS
requires 2*3 diodes. Using three-phase diode rectification it is simulated in the second part of the simulation the output is
provides an average output voltage of a fixed value. fed to diode rectifier to convert AC to DC voltage. In the third
 Conduction period for each diode is 120º and conduction part, in order to boost the voltage to the load requirement, it is
period for each diode pair is 60º. connected to a step-up converter.
 The load voltage consumes a ripple, and the frequency of Wind energy conversion system
this ripple is 300 Hz. Analysis of WECS is carried out under normal operating
conditions. The power developed by the rotor of the wind
When two diodes are operating at any instant magnitude of turbine is given by,
the DC voltage is the sum of magnitude of voltages, which is
the line voltage, based on the diode pair conducting.

DC – DC Converter Where,
These converters help in converting one DC voltage to  Cp is power coefficient.
another. IC’s vary over a wide range of values for different  ρ is air density.
electronic devices. By means of DC-DC Converters, the  A is swept area of the wind turbine rotor.
efficiency, ripple & load-transient response of the system can  v is the wind speed.
be enhanced. DC-DC Converters must be able to operate as a
step up or step down voltage supplier to deliver constant load Here, note that mechanical torque of the turbine can be
voltage over the whole battery range over the operation. determined with the help of mechanical power that is
extracted at the turbine rotor. Power coefficient helps to
understand how much power is extracted at the rotor shaft of

© 2025 IJSRET
601
 International Journal of Scientific Research & Engineering Trends
Volume 11, Issue 1, Jan-Feb-2025, ISSN (Online): 2395-566X

the wind turbine. Pitch angle is the turbine blade angle. Ratio From Fig.7 & 8, we can observe Wind voltage profile and the
of rotational speed and wind speed is tip speed. speed of the motor .The speed found to be 2397 rpm. Speed of
the motor will vary based on the pitch angle and the wind
speed across the wind turbine..

WECS with uncontrolled Rectifier

The rectifier model has been recognized using a three phase
uncontrolled bridge rectifier simulated in

MATLAB/Simulink. It uses six diodes connected in a three

leg format. When a rectifier operated no two switches in the
same leg has to be ON at the same time as it will lead to
short circuit condition.

Fig. 6: MATLAB Simulink model of WECS

In Fig.6, Input to the WECS will be the generator speed, pitch

angle and wind speed. For the reference, wind speed is kept to
1000 m/s and pitch angle is kept to 3º.

Fig. 9: WECS connected to uncontrolled rectifier.

Fig. 7: Wind voltage profile

Fig. 10: Rectifier output without filter

WECS connected to uncontrolled rectifier is shown in Fig.9 &

its output without filter element is as shown in fig.10

Fig. 8: The Speed of the motor

© 2025 IJSRET
602
 International Journal of Scientific Research & Engineering Trends
Volume 11, Issue 1, Jan-Feb-2025, ISSN (Online): 2395-566X

.In Fig.13 output of rectifier is connected to a boost converter.

In a boost converter a inductor, switch and a diode is used and
connected to a simple R load. Switch used is MOSFET.

Boost Converter Specification

 Inductor value (L) = 1mH, C = 10mF
 R value = 10ꭥ
 MOSFET switch: Pulse width = 5, period = 10
 Sample time = 1

Fig.11: WECS connected to uncontrolled rectifier with filter

element

In order to reduce the harmonic content, the rectifier is

connected to a capacitor (filter element) to reduce the ripple
factor. The output of the same is as shown in Fig. 12.

Fig.14: Boost converter output waveform

V. CONCLUSION
A great number of technology choices prevail in wind turbine
designs. A complete valid simulation model of a gear less
variable speed wind turbine scheme with permanent magnet
synchronous generator have been confirmed in MATLAB
Fig.12 represents the rectifier output with filter. Here the software environment. The modelling of wind turbine based
value of capacitor is taken to be 10mF. AC to DC converter using MATLAB/Simulink. The model
comprises of wind turbine, PMSG, pitch angle control, AC to
WECS with uncontrolled Rectifier connected to a boost DC converter and DC-to-DC converter. Rectifiers play a key
converter important role in converting PMSG voltage into DC-voltage.
The output of the above MATLAB configuration was The simulation also enabled the operation of DC-DC
obtained to be around 17.67 volts. For many applications, the converter. i.e., boost converter at the output terminal. The
output of this can be boosted to any required value using a output voltage is boosted to highest level of the approach.
boost converter. Therefore, a simple model of a step-up
converter is connected to the output of WECS based rectifier, Future Scope
output voltage is boosted from 17.94 volts to 27.76 volts. The future scope for power electronic converters in wind
turbine AC to DC conversion includes improving efficiency,
enhancing grid stability, supporting energy storage, and
enabling the integration of wind energy into more
decentralized, intelligent, and electrified systems. Advanced
Converter topologies, Research will continue to explore new
converter designs such as multi-level converters, matrix
converters, and hybrid topologies. These can reduce power
losses, improve voltage quality, and enhance reliability.Gear
less variable speed wind systems with PMSGs are well-suited
for use in offshore wind farms, they are more reliable and
require less maintenance than traditional wind turbine
systems.Gear less variable speed wind systems with PMSGs
can be combined with solar photovoltaic (PV) systems to
create hybrid wind-solar systems that can provide a reliable
Fig.13: WECS Based rectifier fed boost converter and affordable source of electricity.These developments will

© 2025 IJSRET
603
 International Journal of Scientific Research & Engineering Trends
Volume 11, Issue 1, Jan-Feb-2025, ISSN (Online): 2395-566X

be pivotal in shaping the next generation of renewable energy

infrastructure.

REFERENCES

1. M. Abdel-Akher, M. M. Aly, Z. Ziadi, H. El-kishky, and

M. A. Abdel Warth, "Voltage Stability Modeling and
Analysis of Unbalanced Distribution Systems with Wind
Turbine Energy Systems", In: IEEE International
Conference Industrial Technology (ICIT), Busan, South
Korea. Feb. 26 Mar. 1, 2014.
2. J. Tamura, "Calculation Method of Losses and Efficiency
of Wind Generators," S.M.Muyeen (ed.), Wind Energy
Conversion Systems, Green Energy and Technology,
Springer-Verlag, London, 2012.
3. G. Fandi, F. O. Igbinovia, Z. Müller, J. Švec, and J.
Tlustý, "Using renewable wind energy resource to supply
reactive power in medium voltage distribution network",
In: IEEE 16th International Scientific Conference on
Electric Power Engineering (EPE); Kouty nad Desnou,
Czech Republic: IEEE. pp. 169-173, 20-22 May 2015.
4. G. Fandi, F. O. Igbinovia, J. Švec, Z. Müller, and J.Tlustý,
"Advantageous positioning of wind turbine generating
system in MV distribution network", In: IEEE 17th
International Scientific Conference on Electric Power
Engineering (EPE), Prague, Czech Republic. 16-18 May
2016.
5. C Pradip, N Saju, S V Tresa Sangeetha, and Murugananth
Gopal Raj, “Wind Energy Generation Based for Grid
Connected System Using Zeta Converter and Terminal
Sliding Mode Control”, ICACSE 2020,
doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1964/5/052011
6. S. Venkateswarlu, Divya Teja Ankireddy, Rathaiah
Meram, N Kirn Kumar, K Jyotheeswara Reddy, Challa
Babu “Modeling and Simulation of PMSG based Wind
Turbine Connected to Grid”, 2021 Innovations in Power
and Advanced Computing Technologies (iPACT), IEEE
Xplore, 08 February 2022, 10.1109/i
PACT52855.2021.9696648
7. Lakhdara Amira, Bahi Tahar, Moussaoui Abdelkrim,
“Sliding Mode Control of Doubly-fed Induction
Generator in Wind Energy Conversion System”, 2020 8th
International Conference on Smart Grid (icSmartGrid),21
July 2020, 10.1109/icSmartGrid49881.2020.9144778

© 2025 IJSRET
604