Automotive power train

AUTO 3304
Prepared By Helen G.
contents
vIntroduction
vMajor components of power train
vTypes of power train layouts
vSafety
The basic systems/ Parts of automobiles
§ Power plant System(Engine)
§ Drive train System(Clutch, gear Box, Shaft, Differential and
Axle)
§ Electrical System(Ignition, Starting, Lighting and charging
system )
§W h e e l s a n d t i r e s , S u s p e n s i o n S y s t e m , S t e e r i n g
System&Braking System
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ØThe powertrain is a system made of several components that
work to get energy transferred from the engine to the wheels
to make a car to move.
ØA quality powertrain is essential to help a vehicle reach
proper acceleration.
ØThe powertrain encompasses many parts that work together
to push a vehicle forward by creating power from the engine,
which is then sent to the wheels. The term drivetrain is
sometimes used interchangeably with powertrain.
ØThe purpose of a vehicle drivetrain is to transfer power from
the engine to the drivewheels. The drivetrain, also called a
powertrain, serves the following functions:
üIt allows the driver to control the power flow.
üIt multiplies the engine torque.
üIt controls the engine speed.
The major powertrain components include:
Engine: The engine generates the power needed to drive the
car and contains pistons that move up and down inside
cylinders to start the combustion process.
Transmission: A transmission is a basic component in your car
that makes sure the proper amount of power is transmitted to
the wheels. Like a car's gearbox, the transmission takes the
power from the engine and adjusts it according to driving
conditions, ultimately transferring it to the wheels.
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Driveshaft:A driveshaft is a component that transfers the
torque from the transmission to the wheels. To perform this
task, it has to work through various angles and change its
length to adjust to movement in the suspension.
Differential: The differential is a part of the front- or rear-axle
assemblies and helps a vehicle make turns effectively. It uses
the torque sent from the driveshaft and sends it to the wheels,
allowing them to rotate at different speeds.
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Axles: Axle assemblies are located between the wheels of a
vehicle and help support the weight of a vehicle, along with
transmitting power from the engine to the wheels.
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The powertrain layout of a motorised vehicle such as a car is
often defined by the location of the engine and drive wheels.
Layouts can roughly be divided into three categories:
ØFront-wheel drive (FWD)
ØRear-wheel drive (RWD)
ØFour-wheel drive (4WD)
Many different combinations of engine location and driven
wheels are found in practice, and the location of each is
dependent on the application for which the vehicle will be used.
Front-wheel-drive layouts
üFront engine, front-wheel drive
The front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout (abbreviated as FF
layout) places both the internal combustion engine and driven
wheels at the front of the vehicle. This is the most common
layout for cars since the late 20th century
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üMid-engine, front-wheel drive
Some early front-wheel drive cars from the 1930s had the
engine located in the middle of the car.
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üRear-engine, front-wheel-drive
A rear-engine, front-wheel-drive layout is one in which the
engine is between or behind the rear wheels, and drives the
front wheels via a driveshaft, the complete reverse of a
conventional front-engine, rear-wheel-drive vehicle layout.
This layout has only been used on prototype and concept cars.
Rear-wheel drive layouts
üFront-engine, rear-wheel drive
The front-engine, rear-wheel drive layout (abbreviated as FR
layout) is one where the engine is located at the front of the
vehicle and driven wheels are located at the rear. This was the
traditional automobile layout for most of the 20th century, and
remains the most common layout for rear-wheel drive vehicles.
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üMid-engine, rear-wheel drive
The mid-engine, rear-wheel drive layout (abbreviated as MR
layout) is one where the rear wheels are driven by an engine
placed just in front of them, behind the passenger compartment.
In contrast to the rear-engined RR layout, the center of mass of
the engine is in front of the rear axle. This layout is typically
chosen for its low moment of inertia and relatively favorable
weight distribution.
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üRear-engine, rear-wheel drive
The rear-engine, rear-wheel drive layout (abbreviated as RR
layout) places both the engine and drive wheels at the rear of
the vehicle. In contrast to the MR layout, the center of mass of
the engine is between the rear axle and the rear bumper.
Although very common in transit buses and coaches due to the
elimination of the drive shaft with low-floor bus, this layout
has become increasingly rare in passenger cars.
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Four-wheel drive layouts
§ Drivetrains where power can be sent to all four wheels are
referred to as either four-wheel drive (4WD) or all-wheel drive
(AWD).
üFront-engine, four-wheel drive
The front-engine, four-wheel drive layout (abbreviated as F4
layout) places the engine at the front of the vehicle and drives all
four roadwheels. This layout is typically chosen for better control
on many surfaces, and is an important part of rally racing as well
as off-road driving.
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üMid-engine, four-wheel drive
The mid-engine, four-wheel drive layout (abbreviated as M4 layout)
places the engine in the middle of the vehicle, between both axles and
drives all four road wheels.
Although the term "mid-engine" can mean the engine is placed
anywhere in the vehicle such that the centre of gravity of the engine
lies between the front and rear axles, it is usually used for sports cars
and racing cars where the engine is behind the passenger compartment.
The motive output is then sent down a shaft to a differential in the
centre of the car, which in the case of an M4 layout, distributes power
to both front and rear axles.
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üRear-engine, four-wheel drive
The rear-engine, four-wheel drive layout (abbreviated as R4)
places the engine at the rear of the vehicle, and drives all four
wheels.
This layout is typically chosen to improve the traction or the
handling of existing vehicle designs using the rear-engine, rear-
wheel-drive layout (RR).
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Safety
§ Never trust a jack.
§ Use your tools for specific
porpuse only.
§ Perform your task according
to manual always.
§ Follow the correct procedure
to do any activity.