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in

MATHEMATICS
I TERM
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GANGA 173

UNIT

FIRST TERM
NUMBER SYSTEM
1
Try These B.P.No. 1

1. Write the following integers in ascending order:

–5, 0, 2, 4, –6, 10, –10
2. If the integers –15, 12, –17, 5, –1, –5, 6 are marked on the number line then the integer
on the extreme left is ____________.
3. Complete the following pattern:
___, – 40, ___, ___, –10, 0, ___, 20, 30, ___, 50.
4. Compare the given numbers and write “<”, “>” or “=” in the boxes.
(a) −65 65 (b) 0 1000 (c) −2018 −2018
5. Write the given integers in descending order :
–27, 19, 0, 12, –4, –22, 47, 3, –9, –35
Solution:
1. –10, –6, –5, 0, 2, 4, 10
2. –17
3. –50, –40, –30, –20, –10, 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50

5-in-1
4. (a) –65 < 65 (b) 0 < 1000 (c) –2018 = –2018
5. 47, 19, 12, 3, 0, –4, –9, –22, –27, –35
Addition of Integers

Try This B.P.No. 3

Find the value of the following using the number line activity:
(i) (–4) + (+3) (ii) (–4) + (–3) –4
–4
< –3 <
> <
+3
–7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1
–4+(+3) = –1 (–4) + (–3) = –7
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174 GANGA 7  TERM I
(iii) (+4) + (–3)
+4
> <
–3
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
(+4)+(–3) = +1

Example 1.1 B.P.No. 4

Add the following integers using number line (i) 10 and –15 (ii) –7 and –9
Solution:
MATHEMATICS

Let us add the integers using number line

(i) 10 and –15 <
–15
>
10

–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
 On the number line we first start at zero facing positive direction and move 10
steps forward, reaching 10. Then we move 15 steps backward to represent –15 and
reach at –5.
Thus, we get 10 + (–15) = –5.
(ii) –7 and –9 < >
–9 –7

–18 –17 –16 –15 –14 –13 –12 –11 –10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1

 On the number line we first start at zero facing positive direction and move 7 steps
backward, reaching –7. Then we move 9 steps backward to represent –9 and reach at
–16.
Thus, we get (–7) + (–9) = –16.

Example 1.2 B.P.No. 5

Add (i) (–40) and (30) (ii) 60 and (–50)

Solution:
(i) (–40) and (30) (ii) 60 and (–50)
–40 + 30 = –10 60 + (–50) = 60 – 50 = 10

Example 1.3 B.P.No. 5

Add: (i) (–70) and (–12) (ii) 103 and 39.

Solution:
(i) (–70) + (–12) = –70 – 12 = – 82 (ii) 103 + 39 = 142
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GANGA 175

Example 1.4 B.P.No. 5

FIRST TERM
A submarine is at 32 feet below the sea level. Then it moves up 8 feet. Find the depth of
the submarine.
Solution:
A submarine is 32 feet below sea level.
Therefore, it is represented by –32
Next it moves up 8 feet.
Moves above is represented as +8
The depth of the submarine = –32 + 8 = –24
Therefore, the submarine is located at 24 feet below the sea level.

Example 1.5 B.P.No. 5

Sita saved ` 225.00 and she has spent ` 400 on credit basis for the purchase of stationery.
Find her due amount.
Solution:
The amount Sita has ` 225
The amount spent for stationery on credit = ` 400
The due amount to be paid = 225 – 400 = – 175
Therefore, Sita has to pay ` 175

Example 1.6 B.P.No. 5

From the ground floor a man went up six floors and came down six floors. In which

5-in-1
floor is he now?
Solution:
Starting point = Ground floor
Number of floors climbed up = +6
Number of floors climbed down = –6
Now the landing point = +6 – 6 = 0 (ground floor)

Try These B.P.No. 7

1. Fill in the blanks:

(i) 20 +(−11) = (–11)+ 20
(ii) (−5)+(−8) = (−8)+ (–5)
(iii) (−3)+12 = 12 +(−3)
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176 GANGA 7  TERM I
2. Say true or false.
(i) (−11)+ (−8) = (−8)+ (−11) True
(ii) −7 + 2 = 2 + (−7) True
(iii) (−33)+ 8 = 8 + (−33) True
3. Verify the following:
(i) [(–2) + (–9)] + 6 = (–2) + [(–9)+6] (ii) [7+(–8)]+(–5) = 7+[(–8)+(–5)]
Solution: Solution:
[(–2) +(–9)]+6 = (–2) +[(–9)+6] [7+(–8)]+(–5)] = 7+[(–8)+(–5)]
MATHEMATICS

[–11]+6 = –2+(–3) (–1) + (–5) = 7+ (–13)

–5 = –5 –6 = –6
∴ [(–2) + (–9)]+6 = (–2) + [(–9)+6] ∴ [7+(–8)]+(–5)] = 7+[(–8)+(–5)]
(iii) [(–11)+5]+(–14)=(–11) + [(5+(–14)] (iv) (–5)+[(–32)+(–2)]=[(–5)+(–32)]+(–2)
Solution: Solution:
[(–11)+5]+(–14) = (–11)+[5+(–14)] (–5)+[(–32+(–2)] = [(–5)+(–32)]+(–2)
(–6) + (–14) = (–11) + (–9) (–5) + (–34) = (–37) + (–2)
–20 = –20 –39 = –39
∴ [(–11)+5]+(–14) = (–11)+[5+(–14)] ∴(–5)+[(–32+(–2)] = [(–5)+(–32)]+(–2)
4. Find the missing integers:
(i) 0+(–95) = –95 (ii) –611+ 0 = –611
(iii) –60 +0 = –60 (iv) 0+(–140) = –140
5. Complete the following:
(i) –603+603 = 0 (ii) 9847+(–9847) = 0 (iii) 1652 + (–1652) = 0
(iv) –777+ 777 = 0 (v) (–5281) +5281 = 0

Example 1.7 B.P.No. 8

(i) Are 120 + 51 and 51 + 120 equal?

(ii) Are (–5)+[(–4)+(–3)] and [(–5)+(–4)]+(–3) equal?
Solution:
(i) When we add, 120 + 51 = 171 ; 51 + 120 = 171
I n both the cases we get same answer. This means that integers can be added in any
order. Hence, addition of integers is commutative.
(ii) (–5)+[(–4)+(–3)] and [(–5)+(–4)]+(–3)
I n (–5) +[(–4) +(–3)], (–4) and (–3) are added first and their result is then added with
(–5).
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GANGA 177

<
<

FIRST TERM
< –7 <
–5
–3 –4

–15 –14 –13 –12 –11 –10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1

(–5) +[(–4) +(–3)] = –12

Whereas in [(–5)+(–4)]+ (−3), (–4) and (–3) are added first and then the result is added with
(–5) <
–9
< < <
–3 –4 –5

–15 –14 –13 –12 –11 –10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1

[(–5) +(–4)] + (–3) = – 12

In both the cases, we get −12
That is (–5) + [(–4)+(–3)] = [(–5)+(–4)] + (–3)
So, addition is associative.

Example 1.8 B.P.No. 8

Find the missing integers (i) 0 + (−2345) = ______ (ii) 23479 + _____ = 0
Solution:
(i) 0 + (−2345) = −2345
(ii) 23479 + (−23479) = 0
Therefore, additive inverse of 23479 is –23479

Example 1.9 B.P.No. 9

5-in-1
Mention the property for the following equations:
(i) (−45)+ (−12) = −57 (ii) (−15)+ 7 = (7)+ (−15)
(iii) −10 + 3 = −7 (iv) (−7)+ (−5) = (−5)+ (−7)
(v) (–7)+[(–4)+(–3)] = [(–7)+(–4)]+(–3) (vi) 0 + (−7245) = −7245

Solution:
(i) Closure Property (ii) Commutative Property
(iii) Closure Property (iv) Commutative Property
(v) Associative Property (vi) Additive Identity
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178 GANGA 7  TERM I
Exercise 1.1 B.P.No. 9

1. Fill in the blanks.

Solution:
(i) (−30)+ 90 = 60 (ii) (−5)+ (–95) = −100 (iii) (−52)+ (−52) = –104
(iv) 22 + (−22) = 0 (v) 140 +(−70) = 70 (vi) 20 + 80 + (–100) = 0
(vii) 75 + (−25) = 50 (viii) 171+ (–171) = 0
(ix) [(–3)+(–12)]+(–77) = –3+[(–12)+(–77)]
MATHEMATICS

(x) (–42)+[15+(–23)] = [(–42)+15]+ (–23).

2. Say true or false.

(i) The additive inverse of (–32) is (–32) False
(ii) (−90)+( −30) = 60 False
(iii) (−125)+25 = −100 True
3. Add the following
(i) 8 and –12 using number line
Solution: <
–12
>
8

–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
8+(–12) = 8 – 12 = –4
(ii) (–3) and (–5) using number line
Solution: < <
–5 –3
–9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
(–3) + (–5) = –8
(iii) (−100)+(−10) (iv) 20 +(−72)
Solution: Solution:
(–100)+(–10) = –100–10 = –110 20+(–72) = 20–72 = –52
(v) 82 +(−75) (vi) −48 +(−15)
Solution: Solution:
82+(–75) = 82–75 = 7 –48+(–15) = –48–15 = –63
(vii) −225 +(−63)
Solution:
–225+(–63) = –225–63 = –288
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GANGA 179

4. Thenmalar appeared for competitive exam which has negative scoring of 1 mark for

FIRST TERM
each incorrect answer. In paper I she answered 25 questions incorrectly and in paper
II, 13 questions incorrectly. Find the total reduction of marks.
Solution:
Number of incorrect question in Paper I = 25
Number of incorrect question in Paper II = 13
reduction mark Paper I = –25
reduction mark Paper II = –13
Total reduction mark = –25+(–13)
= –38
5. In a quiz competition, Team A scored +30,–20, 0 and team B scored –20, 0, +30 in three
successive rounds. Which team will win? Can we say that we can add integers in any
order?
Solution:
Total mark of Team A = 30 + (–20) + 0
= 10
Total mark of Team B = –20 + 30 + 0
= 10
Team A = Team B
Yes, it can be added in any order.
6. Are (11+ 7)+10 and 11+(7 +10) equal? Mention the property.
Solution:
(11+7) + 10 = 18 + 10 = 28
11 + (7+10) = 11 + 17 = 28

5-in-1
(11+7) + 10 = 11 + (7+10)
So addition is associative.
7. Find 5 pairs of integers that add up to 2.
Solution:
0+2 = 2; 1+1 = 2; –1+3 = 2; –3+5 = 2; –4+6 = 2;
The 5 pairs are: (0,2), (1,1), (–1,3), (–3,5), (–4,6)

Objective Type Questions

8. T
 he temperature at 12 noon at a certain place was 18° above zero. If it decreases at the
rate of 3° per hour at what time it would be 12° below zero?
i) 12 mid night ii) 12 noon iii) 10 am iv) 10 pm
 Ans: iv) 10 pm
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180 GANGA 7  TERM I
9. Identify the problem with negative numbers as its answer:
i) −9 + (−5)+ 6 ii) 18 + (–12) – 6 iii) −4 + 2 +10 iv) 10+(–4)+8
Ans: i) –9+(–5)+6
10. (−10)+ (+7) = ____
i) +3 ii) –3 iii) −17 iv) +17Ans: ii) –3
11. (−8)+10 + (−2) = ____
i) 2 ii) 8 iii) 0 iv) 20Ans: iii) 0
12. 20 +(−9)+ 9 = ____
MATHEMATICS

i) 20 ii) 29 iii) 11 iv) 38 Ans: i) 20

Subtraction of Integers

Try These B.P.No. 11

1. Do the following by using number line.

(i) (–4) – (+3) (ii) (–4) – (–3)
–4 –4
–3 < <
< >
+3
–7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1
(–4) – (+3) = –7 (–4) – (–3) = –1
2. Find the values and compare the answers.
(i) (–6) – (–2) and (–6) + 2 (iii) 26 – (+10) and 26 + (–10)
Solution: Solution:
(–6) – (–2) = (–6) + 2 = –4 26 – (+10) = 26 – 10 = 16
–6+2 = –4 26+(–10) = 26 – 10 = 16
∴ (–6) – (–2) = (–6) + 2 ∴ 26 – (+10) = 26 + (–10)
(ii) 35 – (–7) and 35 + 7
Solution:
35 – (–7) = 35 + 7 = 42
35+7 = 42
∴ 35 – (–7) = 35 + 7
3. Put the suitable symbol <, > or = in the boxes.

(i) −10 − 8 < −10 +8 (ii) (−20) + 10 = (−20) − (−10)

(iii) (−70) − (−50) > (−70) −50 (iv) 100 − (+100) < 100 − (−100)

(v) (−50) −30 = −100 + 20

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GANGA 181

Example 1.10 B.P.No.12

FIRST TERM
Subtract the following using the number line.
(i) –3 – (–2) (ii) +6 – (–5)
Solution:

(i) –3 – (–2)
To subtract –2 from –3 using number line,
–3
<
>
2
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
Therefore, –3 – (–2) = –3 + 2 = –1
(ii) +6 – (–5)
To subtract –5 from 6 using number line,
> >
6 5

–1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Therefore, +6 – (–5) = +6 + 5 = 11.
Now, let us see how to subtract negative integers using additive inverse.

Example 1.11 B.P.No.12

(i) Subtract (−40) from 70 (ii) Subtract(−12) from (−20)

Solution:

5-in-1
(i) 70 −(−40) (ii) (−20)−(−12)
= 70 + (additive inverse of −40 ) = (−20)+ (additive inverse of (−12) )
= 70 + 40 = (−20)+12
= 110. = –8

Example 1.12 B.P.No.12

Find the value of : (i) (−11)−(−33) (ii) (−90)−(−50)

Solution:
(i) (−11)−(−33) (ii) (−90)−(−50)
= (−11)+ (+33) = −90 −(−50)
= 22 = −90 + 50
= −40
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182 GANGA 7  TERM I
Example 1.13 B.P.No.13

Chitra has ₹ 150. She wanted to buy a bag which costs ₹ 225. How much money does
she need to borrow from her friend?
Solution:
Amount with Chitra = ` 150
Cost of bag = ` 225
Amount to be borrowed = 225 − 150
= ` 75
MATHEMATICS

Example 1.14 B.P.No.13

 hat is the balance in Chezhiyan’s account as a result of a purchase for ₹ 1079, if he

W
had an opening balance of ₹ 5000 in his account?
Solution
Opening balance = ` 5000
Debit amount = ` 1079 (−)
Balance amount = ` 3921

Example 1.15 B.P.No.13

 he temperature at Srinagar was −3°C on Friday. If the temperature decreases by 1°C

T
next day, then what is the temperature on that day?
Solution:
The temperature at Srinagar was −3°C on Friday. If the temperature decreases by 1°C
then, temperature on the next day = −3°C – 1°C = −4°C

Example 1.16 B.P.No.13

A submarine is at 300 feet below the sea level. If it ascends to 175 feet, what is its new
position?
Solution:
Initial position of submarine = 300 feet below
= –300 feet
Distance ascended by submarine = 175 feet
= + 175 feet
New position of submarine = (−300) + (+175)
= −125
That is, the submarine is 125 feet below the sea level.
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GANGA 183

Try These B.P.No. 14

FIRST TERM
1. Fill in the blanks.
(i) (−7)−(−15) = +8 (ii) 12 − (–7) = 19 (iii) (–4) −(−5) = 1
2. Find the values and compare the answers.
(i) 15 – 12 and 12 –15 (ii) –21 –32 and –32 –(–21)
Solution: Solution:
15 – 12 = 3 –21–32 = –53
12 – 15 = –3 –32–(–21) = –32+21 = –11
15– 12 > 12–15 –21–32 < –32–(–21)
Think B.P.No. 14

Is associative property true for subtraction of integers?

Take any three examples and check.
Solution:
Associative property is not true for subtraction.
Example: 1 Example: 2
4–(5–8) and (4–5) – 8 7–[(–3)–5] and [7–(–3)] – 5
4–(5–8) = 4 – (–3) 7–[(–3)–5] = 7 – (–8)
= 4+3 = 7 = 7+8 = 15
(4–5)–8 = (–1) –8 = –9 [7–(–3)]–5 = (7+3) – 5
∴ 4–(5–8) ≠ (4–5) – 8 = 10 – 5 = 5
∴ 7–[(–3)–5] ≠ [7–(–3)] – 5

5-in-1
Example: 3
(–5)–[(–4)–(–3)] and [(–5)–(–4)] – (–3)
(–5)–[(–4)–(–3)] = (–5) – (–4+3)
= –5–(–1)
= –5+1 = –4
[(–5)–(–4)]– (–3) = (–5+4) + 3
= –1 + 3 = 2
∴ (–5)–[(–4)–(–3)] ≠ [(–5)–(–4)] – (–3)
From Examples 1, 2, 3 associative property is not true for subtraction.
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184 GANGA 7  TERM I
Exercise 1.2 B.P.No. 14

1. Fill in the blanks.

Solution:
(i) − 44 + (–44)= −88 (ii) 30 −75 = −45 (iii) –30 − (+50) = −80
2. Say true or false.
(i) (−675) − (−400) = −1075 False
(ii) 15 − (−18) is the same as 15 +18 True
MATHEMATICS

(iii) (−45) − (−8) = (−8) − (−45) True

3. Find the value of the following.
Solution:
(i) –3–(–4) using number line
+4
>
<
–3
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
–3–(–4) = –3+4 = 1
(ii) 7–(–10) using number line
> >
7 10

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
+7+10 = 17
(iii) 35 – (−64)
35 – (–64) = 35+64 = 99
(iv) −200 – (+100)
–200–(+100) = –200–100 = –300
4. K
 abilan was having 10 pencils with him. He gave 2 pencils to Senthil and 3 to Karthik.
Next day his father gave him 6 more pencils, from that he gave 8 to his sister. How many
pencils are left with him?
Solution:
Total number of pencils = 10+16
Total number of pencil he gave = 2+3+8
= 13
left pencils = 16–13 = 3
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GANGA 185

5. A
 lift is on the ground floor. If it goes 5 floors down and then moves up to 10 floors from

FIRST TERM
there. Then in which floor will the lift be?
Solution:
Lift 5 floor down (5–)
Lift 10 floor up (10+)
The lift be –5+10 = 5
5th floor (above the ground floor)
6. W
 hen Kala woke up, her body temperature was 102° F. She took medicine for fever.
After 2 hours it was 2° F lower. What was her temperature then?
Solution:
Kala body Temperature was 102° F
After 2 hours 2° F lower.
Then her temperature = 102° F – 2° F
= 100° F
7. What number should be added to (–17) to get (–19)?
Solution:
(–17) + ____ = –19
(–17) + (–2) = –19
(–2) be added.
8. A student was asked to subtract (–12) from (–47). He got −30. Is he correct? Justify.
Solution:
(–47) – (–12) = –47+12
= –35

5-in-1
It is wrong (–35) is the correct answer.

Objective Type Questions

9. (−5)− (−18) = ____
i) 23 ii) –13 iii) 13 iv) –23 Ans: iii) 13
10. (−100)− 0 +100 = ____
i) 200 ii) 0 iii) 100 iv) −200 Ans: ii) 0
Multiplication of Integers

Try These B.P.No. 16

1. Find the product of the following.

(i) (−20)× (−45) = 900 (ii) (−9)× (−8) = 72
(iii) (−30) × 40 × (−1) = 1200 (iv) (+50)× 2 × (−10) = –1000
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186 GANGA 7  TERM I
2. Complete the following table by multiplying the integers in the corresponding row and
column headers.
× -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
-3 9 6 3 0 –3 –6 –9
-2 6 4 2 0 –2 –4 –6
-1 3 2 1 0 –1 –2 –3
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
2 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6
MATHEMATICS

3 –9 –6 –3 0 3 6 9
3. Which of the following is incorrect?
(i) (–55) × (22) × (33) < 0 correct
(ii) (–1521) × 2511 < 0 correct
(iii) 2512 −1252 < 0 incorrect
(iv) (+1981) × (+2000) < 0 incorrect

Example 1.17 B.P.No.16

(i) (–35) × (–11) (ii) 96 × (–20) (iii) (–5) × 12

(iv) 15 × 5 (v) 999 × 0
Solution:
(i) (–35) × (–11) = 385 (ii) 96 × (–20) = – 1920 (iii) (–5) × 12 = –60
(iv) 15 × 5 = 75 (v) 999 × 0 = 0

Example 1.18 B.P.No.17

A fruit seller sold 5kg of mangoes at a profit of ₹ 15 per kg and 3kg of apples at a loss of
₹ 30 per kg. Find whether it is a profit or loss.
Solution:
Profit of 1kg mangoes = `15
Profit of 5kg mangoes = 15 × 5
= `75
Loss of 1kg apples = `30
Loss of 3kg apples = 30 × 3
= `90
Loss = 90 − 75
= `15
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GANGA 187

Example 1.19 B.P.No.17

FIRST TERM
Browsing rates in an internet centre is ₹ 15 per hour. Nila works on the internet for 2
hours in a day for 5 days in a week. How much does she pay?
Solution:
Number of hours spent on an internet for a day = 2 hrs
Therefore, number of hours spent on the internet for 5 days = 5×2
= 10 hrs
Cost of browsing per hour = ` 15
Cost of browsing for 10 hours = 15 × 10
Therefore, the amount paid by Nila for 5 days = ` 150

Try These B.P.No. 18

1. Find the product and check for equality :

(i) 18 × (−5) and (–5) × 18 (ii) 31 × (–6) and (–6) × 31
Solution: Solution:
18× –5 = –90 31× –6 = –186
–5 × 18 = –90 –6 × 31 = –186
∴ 18× (–5) = (–5) × 18 ∴ 31× (–6) = (–6) × 31
(iii) 4 × 51 and 51 × 4
Solution:
4× 51 = 204
51 × 4 = 204

5-in-1
∴ 4× 51 = 51 × 4
2. Prove the following :
(i) (–20) × (13×4) = [(–20)×13] × 4
Solution:
(–20)×(13×4) = (–20)×52
= –1040
[(–20)×13]×4 = –260×4
= –1040
(–20)×(13×4) = [(–20)×13]×4
Hence proved
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188 GANGA 7  TERM I
(ii) [(–50) × (–2)] × (–3) = (–50) × [(–2) × (–3)]

Solution:
[(–50) × (–2)]×(–3) = (50×2)×(–3)
= 100×–3 = –300
(–50)×[(–2)×(–3)] = (–50)×(2×3)
= –50×6
= –300
(–20)×(13×4) = [(–20)×13]×4
MATHEMATICS

[(–50) (–2)]×(–3) = (–50)×[(–2)×(–3)]

Hence proved
(iii) [(–4)×(–3)]×(–5) = (–4)×[(–3)×(–5)]

Solution:
[(–4) × (–3)]×(–5) = (4×3)×(–5)
= 12×–5 = –60
(–4)×[(–3)×(–5)] = (–4)×(3×5)
= –4×15 = –60
[(–4)×(–3)]×(–5) = (–4)×[(–3)×(–5)]
Hence proved

Try These B.P.No. 19

1. Find the values of the following and check for equality:

(i) (–6) × (4+(–5)) and ((–6) ×4) + ((–6)×(–5))
Solution:
(–6) × [4+(–5)] = –6 × –1 = 6
[(–6)×4]+[(–6)×(–5)] = (–24)+(30) = 6
∴ (–6)×[4+(–5)] = [(–6)×4] + [(–6)×(–5)]

(ii) (–3)×[2+(–8)] and [(–3)×2]+[(–3)×8]

Solution:
(–3)×[2+(–8)] = (–3) ×(2–8) = (–3)×(–6) = 18
[(–3)×2] + [(–3)×8] = (–6) + (–24) = –30
∴ (–3) ×[2+(–8)] ≠ [(–3)×2]+[(–3)×8]
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GANGA 189

2. Prove the following:

FIRST TERM
(i) (–5) × [(–76)+8] = [(–5) ×(–76)] + [(–5)×8]
Solution:
(–5) ×[–76)+8] = (–5) × (–68) = 340
[(–5)×(–76)]+[(–5)×8] = [380+(–40)] = 340
(–5) ×[(–76)+8] = [(–5)×(–76)] + [(–5)×8]
Hence proved
(ii) 42 × [7+(–3)] = (42 ×7) + [42×(–3)]
Solution:
42×[7+(–3)] = 42×4 = 168
(42×7)+[42×(–3)] = (294) + (–126) = 168
42×[7+(–3)] = [42×7] + [42×(–3)]
Hence proved
(iii) (–3) × [(–4)+(–5)] = ((–3) × (–4)) + [(–3)×(–5)]
Solution:
(–3) × [(–4)+(–5)] = (–3) × (–9) = 27
[(–3)×(–4)]+[(–3)×(–5)] = 12+(15) = 27
(–3) ×[(–4)+(–5)] = ((–3)×(–4))+[(–3)×(–5)]
Hence proved
(iv) 103 × 25 = (100+3) × 25 = (100×25) +(3×25)
Solution:
103×25 = 2575

5-in-1
(100+3)×25 = 103×25 = 2575
(100×25) + (3×25) = 2500 + 75 = 2575
103×25 = (100+3)×25 = (100×25) + (3×25)
Hence proved

Example 1.20 B.P.No.19

Prove that (–7) × (+8) is an integer and mention the property.

Solution:
(–7) × (+8) = (–56)
Hence, –56 is an integer.
Therefore, (–7) × (+8) is closed under multiplication.
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190 GANGA 7  TERM I
Example 1.21 B.P.No.19

Are (–42) × (–7) and (–7) × (–42) equal? Mention the property.
Solution:
Consider, (–42) × (–7),
(–42) × (–7) = +294
Consider, (–7) × (–42),
(–7) × (–42) = +294
Therefore, (–42) × (–7) and (–7) × (–42) are equal.
MATHEMATICS

It is commutative.

Example 1.22 B.P.No.20

Prove that [(–2) × 3] ×(–4) = (–2) ×[3×(–4)].

Solution:
In the first case (–2) and (3) are grouped together and in the second case (3) and (–4) are
grouped together
L.H.S = [(–2) × 3] ×(–4) R.H.S = (–2) ×[3×(–4)]
= (–6) × (–4) = 24 = (–2) × (–12) = 24
Therefore, L.H.S. = R.H.S.
[(–2) × 3] ×(–4) = (–2) ×[3×(–4)] Hence it is proved.

Example 1.23 B.P.No.20

Are (–81) × [5×(–2)] and [(–81) × 5]×(–2) equal? Mention the property.
Solution:
Consider, (–81) × [5×(–2)],
(–81) × [5×(–2)] = (–81) × (–10) = 810
Consider, [(–81) × 5]×(–2),
[(–81) × 5]×(–2) = (–405) × (–2) = 810
Therefore, (–81) × [5×(–2)] and [(–81) × 5]×(–2) are equal.
It is associative.

Example 1.24 B.P.No.20

Are 3 × [(–4)+6] and [3 ×(–4)]+(3×6) equal? Mention the property.

Solution:
Consider, 3 × [(–4)+6],
3 × [(–4)+6] = 3 × 2 = 6
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GANGA 191

Consider, [3 ×(–4)]+[3×6],

FIRST TERM
[3 ×(–4)]+[3×6] = –12+18 = 6
Therefore, 3 × [(–4)+6] and [3 ×(–4)]+3×6 are equal.
It is the distributive property of multiplication over addition.

Exercise 1.3 B.P.No. 21

1. Fill in the blanks

Solution:
(i) −80 × 1 = −80 (iv) 5 × (−9) = −45
(ii) (−10)× –2 = 20 (v) 0 × 75 = 0
(iii) (100)× –5 = −500
2. Say true or false
(i) (−15)× 5 = 75 False
(ii) (−100)× 0 × 20 = 0 True
(iii) 8 × (−4) = 32 False
3. What will be the sign of the product of the following.
(i) 16 times of negative integer. Ans: (+) Postive
(ii) 29 times of negative integer. Ans: (–) negative
4. Find the product of
(i) (−35)× 22 (ii) (−10)×12 ×(−9) (iii) (−9)×(−8)×(−7)×(−6)
(iv) (−25)× 0 × 45 × 90 (v) (−2)×(+50)×(−25)× 4
Solution:
i) (–35) × 22 = –770

5-in-1
ii) (–10) × 12 × (–9) = (–120) × (–9) = 1080
iii) (–9) × (–8) × (–7) × (–6) = 72 × 42 = 3024
iv) (–25) × 0 × 45 × 95 = 0 × 45 × 95 = 0
v) (–2) × 50 × (–25) × 4 = –100 × – 100 = 10000
5. Check the following for equality and if they are equal, mention the property.
(i) (8 −13)× 7 and 8 −(13 × 7)
Solution:
(8–13) × 7 = –5 × 7
= –35 ––––––––– (1)
8–(13 × 7) = 8 – 91
= –83 ––––––––– (2)
From (1) and (2) we get
(8–13) × 7 ≠ 8 – (13×7)
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192 GANGA 7  TERM I
(ii) [(−6)−(+8)]×(−4) and (−6)−[8 ×(−4)]
Solution:
[–6–(+8)] × –4 = (–6–8) × –4
= –14 × –4
= 56 ––––––––– (1)
(–6)–[8×(–4)] = (–6) – (–32)
= –6 + 32
= 26 ––––––––– (2)
From (1) and (2) we get
MATHEMATICS

[–6–(+8)] × –4 ≠ (–6)–[8×(–4)]
(iii) 3 ×[(−4)+(−10)]and [3 ×(−4)+ 3 ×(−10)]
Solution:
3 × [(–4)+(10)] = 3×[–4–10]
= 3 ×(–14)
= –42 ––––––––– (1)
[3 × (–4)+(3)×–10] = –12–30
= –42 ––––––––– (2)
From (1) and (2) We get
3×[(–4)+(–10)] = [3×(–4) + (3) × –10]
It is distributive property of multiplication over addition.
6. During summer, the level of the water in a pond decreases by 2 inches every week due
to evaporation. What is the change in the level of the water over a period of 6 weeks?
Solution:
Pond decreasing by every week = 2 inches
decreasing by 6 weeks = 2×6 week
= 12 inch
decreasing of 12 inches
7. Find all possible pairs of integers that give a product of −50 .
Solution:
All possible pair of product (–50)
–5 × 10 = –50
–10 × 5 = –50
–2 × 25 = –50
–1 × 50 = –50
–50 × 1 = –50
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GANGA 193

Objective Type Questions

FIRST TERM
8. Which of the following expressions is equal to –30.
i) –20 – (–5 × 2) ii) (6 × 10) – (6 × 5) iii) (2 × 5) + (4 × 5) iv) (–6) × (+5)
Ans: iv) (–6) × (+5)
9. Which property is illustrated by the equation: (5 × 2)+(5 × 5) = 5 × (2 + 5)
i) commutative ii) closure iii) distributive iv) associative
Ans: iii) distributive
10. 11×(–1)=_____
i) –1 ii) 0 iii) +1 iv) –11Ans: iv) –11
11. (−12)× (−9) = _____
i) 108 ii) –108 iii) +1 iv) –1 Ans: i) 108
Division of Integers

Try These B.P.No. 16

(i) (−32)÷ 4 = –8 (ii) (−50)÷ 50 = –1 (iii) 30 ÷15 = 2

(iv) −200 ÷10 = –20 (v) −48 ÷ 6 = –8

Example 1.25 B.P.No.22

Divide: (i) (−85) by 5 (ii) (–250) by (–25) (iii) 120 by (–6) (iv) 182 by (–2)
Solution:
(i) (−85) ÷ 5 = −17 (ii) (−250)÷(−25)= +10
(iii) 120 ÷ (–6) = −20 (iv) 182 ÷ (–2) = −91

5-in-1
Example 1.26 B.P.No.22

In a competitive exam 4 marks are given for every correct answer and (-2) marks are
given for every incorrect answer, kalaivizhi attended the exam and answered all the
questions and scored 20 marks only even though she got 10 correct answers. How many
questions did she answer incorrectly?
Solution:
Marks given for one correct answer = 4
Marks given for 10 correct answers = 10 × 4 = 40
Kalaivizhi’s final score = 20
Marks reduced for incorrect answers = 40 − 20 = 20
Therefore, number of questions answered incorrectly = 20 ÷ 2 = 10
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194 GANGA 7  TERM I
Example 1.27 B.P.No.23

A shopkeeper earns a profit of ₹ 5 by selling one notebook and incurs a loss of ₹ 2 per
pen while selling of his old stock. In a particular day he earns neither profit nor loss. If
he sold 20 notebooks, how many pens did he sell?
Solution:
Since neither profit nor loss
Profit + Loss = 0
(ie) profit = -Loss
MATHEMATICS

Profit earned from 1 notebook = `5

Profit earned from 20 notebooks = 20 × ` 5
= ` 100
Loss incurred by selling pens = ` 100 Loss
= −100
Loss for 1 pen = `2
loss = −2
Total number of pens sold = (−100)÷(−2)
= 50 pens.

Exercise 1.4 B.P.No. 24

1. Fill in the blanks.

Solution:
(i) (−40) ÷ –1 = 40 (ii) 25 ÷ –5 = −5
(iii) –36 ÷ (−4) = 9 (iv) (−62) ÷ (−62) = 1
2. Say true or false.
(i) (−30) ÷ (−6) = −6 False
(ii) (−64) ÷ (−64) is 0 False
3. Find the values of the following.
(i) (−75)÷ 5 (ii) (−100)÷(−20) (iii) 45 ÷(−9) (iv) (−82)÷ 82
Solution:
i) –75 ÷ 5 = –15 ii) (–100) ÷ (–20) = 5
iii) 45 ÷ (–9) = –5 iv) (–82) ÷ 82 = –1
4. The product of two integers is −135. If one number is −15, Find the other integer.
Solution:
Let x, y are two integers.
x is one number.
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GANGA 195

x × y = –135

FIRST TERM
(–15) × y = –135
y = –135 ÷ –15
y = 9
Therefore, other integer is 9.
5. I n 8 hours duration, with uniform decrease in temperature, the temperature dropped
24°. How many degrees did the temperature drop each hour?
Solution:
The temperature decreasing in 8 hours = 240
The temperature drop one hour = 24 ÷ 8 = 3
6. An elevator descends into a mine shaft at the rate of 5 m/min. If the descent starts from
15 m above the ground level, how long will it take to reach –250 m?
Solution:
The descent starts from 15m. (–15)
Total length = – 250 – 15
= –265 m
mine shaft at the rate 5m/min.
–265
it will long to reach =
–5
= 53 min
7. A
 person lost 4800 calories in 30 days. If the calory loss is uniform, calculate the loss of
calory per day.
Solution:

5-in-1
The loss of Calories in 30 days = 4800
Loss of calory in one day = 4800 ÷ 30
= 160
160 calories lost per day.
8. Given 168 × 32 = 5376 then, find (−5376)÷ (−32) .
Solution:
(–5376) ÷ (–32) = 168
9. How many (– 4) ’s are there in (−20) ?
Solution:
–20
= +5
–4
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196 GANGA 7  TERM I
10. (−400)divided into 10 equal parts gives _____.
Solution:
–400
= –40
10
Objective Type Questions

11. Which of the following does not represent an Integer?

i) 0 ÷(−7) ii) 20 ÷(−4) iii) (−9)÷ 3 iv) (12)÷ 5
Ans: iv) (12) ÷ 5
MATHEMATICS

12. (−16)÷ 4 is the same as

i) −(−16 ÷ 4) ii) −(16)÷(−4) iii) 16 ÷(−4) iv) −4 ÷16
Ans: iii) 16 ÷ (–4)
13. (−200)÷10 is
i) 20 ii) −20 iii) −190 iv) 210Ans: ii) –20
14. The set of integers is not closed under
i) Addition ii) Subtraction iii) Multiplication iv) Division
Ans: iv) Division

Example 1.28 B.P.No.27

Ferozkhan collects ` 1150 at the rate of ` 25 per head from his classmates on account
of the ‘Flag Day’ in his school and returns ` 8 to each one of them, as instructed by his
teacher. Find the amount handed over by him to his teacher.
Solution:
Ferozkhan collects ` 1150 at the rate of ` 25 per head from his classmates on account of
the ‘Flag Day’
Total amount collected = ` 1150
Amount per head = ` 25
Number of students = 1150 ÷ 25 = 46
Amount returned to each student is ` 8
Amount returned to 46 students = 46 × 8 = `368 46
Amount handed over to the class teacher = `1150 25 1150
` 368 (–) 100
150
` 782 150
0
Amount handed over to the class teacher = ` 782
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GANGA 197

Example 1.29 B.P.No.27

FIRST TERM
Each day, the workers drill down 22 feet further until they hit a pool of water. If the
water is at 110 feet, on which day will they hit the pool of water?
Solution:
Depth drilled in one day = –22 feet 5
Depth of water = –110 feet 22 110
Number of days required = –110 ÷ –22 = 5 110
Hence the workers will reach resource in 5 days. 0

Example 1.30 B.P.No.28

How many years are between 323 BC(BCE) and 1687 AD(CE)?
Solution:
Years in AD(CE) are taken as positive integers and BC(BCE) as negative integers.
Therefore, the difference is –323 0 1687
= 1687 – (–323)
= 1687 + 323 = 2010 years

Exercise 1.5 B.P.No.28

1. O
 ne night in Kashmir, the temperature is −50 C. Next day the temperature is 90 C. What
is the increase in temperature?
Solution:
First day temperature = –5o C
Next day temperature = 9o C

5-in-1
Increases in temperature = 9 – (–5)
= 9+5
= 14o C
2. An atom can contain protons which have a positive charge (+) and electrons which have
a negative charge (−) . When an electron and a proton pair up, they become neutral (0)
and cancel the charge out. Now, Determine the net charge:
Solution:
(i) 5 electrons and 3 protons → −5 + 3 = −2 that is 2 electrons
(ii) 6 Protons and 6 electrons → 6 + (–6) = 0
(iii) 9 protons and 12 electrons → 9 + (–12) = −3 that is 3 electrons – – –
(iv) 4 protons and 8 electrons → 4 + (–8) = −4 that is 4 electrons – – – –
(v) 7 protons and 6 electrons → 7 + (–6) = 1 that is 1 proton +
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198 GANGA 7  TERM I
3. Scientists use the Kelvin Scale (K) as an alternative temperature scale to degrees Celsius
(°C) by the relation ToC = (T + 273) K.
Convert the following to kelvin:
(i) −275° C (ii) 45° C (iii) −400° C (iv) −273°C
Solution:
i) ToC = (T+273)K ii) ToC = (T+273)K
= (–275+273) K = (45+273) K
= –2K = 318K
iii) ToC = (T+273)K iv) ToC = (T+273)K
MATHEMATICS

= (–400+273) K = (–273+273) K
= –127K = 0K
4. Find the amount that is left in the student’s bank account, if he has made the following
transaction in a month. His initial balance is ₹ 690.
Solution:
(i) Deposit (+) of ₹ 485
amount = 690 +485 = `1175
(ii) Withdrawal (−) of ₹ 500
i.e `1175 – 500 = `675
(iii) Withdrawal (−) of ₹ 350
i.e `675 – 350 = `325
(iv) Deposit (+) of ₹ 89
i.e `325 – 89 = `414
(v) If another ₹ 300 was withdrawn, what would the balance be?
i.e `414 – 300 = `114
5. A
 poet Tamizh Nambi lost 35 pages of his ‘lyrics’ when his file had got wet in the rain.
Use integers, to determine the following:
(i) If Tamizh Nambi wrote 5 page per day, how many day’s work did he lose?
Solution:
Number of page Tamizh Nambi lost = 35
Number of page Tamizh Nambi wrote per day = 5 page
Number of days work did he lost = 35 ÷ 5 = 7 days
(ii) If four pages contained 1800 characters, (letters) how many characters were lost?
Solution:
four page contained 1800 characters
1800
One page contained character = 450 characters
4
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GANGA 199

Were lost the characters = 450 × 35

FIRST TERM
= 15750 characters
(iii) If Tamizh Nambi is paid ₹250 for each page produced, how much money did he
lose?
Solution:
Tamizh Nambi paid `250 for each page.
The cost of 335 page produced = `250 ×35
= `8750
(iv) If Kavimaan helps Tamizh Nambi and they are able to produce 7 pages per day,
how many days will it take to recreate the work lost?
Solution:
35
Number of days will it take to recreate the work lost =
= 5 days
7
(v) Tamizh Nambi pays kavimaan ₹ 100 per page for his help. How much money does
kavimaan receive?
Solution:
Tamizh Nambi pays Kavimaan = `100 per page
Total amount = `100 × 35 page
= `3500
6. Add 2 to me. Then multiply by 5 and subtract 10 and divide now by 4 and I will give
you 15! Who am I?
Solution:
Let I is x.

5-in-1
Add 2 → x+2
and multiply 5 → (x +2) × 5
subtract 10 → [(x +2)5] –10
[(x +2)×5] –10
divided 4 →
4
I will give 15
[(x +2)×5] –10
i.e = 15
4
[(x +2)×5] –10 = 15×4 = 60
(x +2)×5 = 60+10 = 70
x +2 = 14
x = 14–2 = 12
I am 12
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200 GANGA 7  TERM I
7. K
 amatchi, a fruit vendor sells 30 apples and 50 pomegranates. If she makes a profit of
₹ 8 per apple and loss ₹ 5 per pomegranate, what will be her overall profit(or)loss?
Solution:
Profit of 1 apple = `8
Profit of 30 apple = 30 × 8
= `240
Loss of 1 pomegranates = `5
Loss of 50 pomegranates = 50 × `5
= `250
MATHEMATICS

Loss of Pomegranates = `250

Profit of apples = `240
Overall Loss = `250 – `240 = `10
8. D
 uring a drought, the water level in a dam fell 3 inches per week for 6 consecutive
weeks. What was the change in the water level in the dam at the end of this period?
Solution:
Water level down 1 week = 3 inches
Water level down 6 week = 3 × 6
= 18 inches
decrease of 18 inches.
9. B
 uddha was born in 563 BC(BCE) and died in 483 BC(BCE). Was he alive in 500
BC(BCE)? and find his life time. (Source: Compton’s Encylopedia)
Solution:
Buddha born = 563 BC
died = 483 BC
his life time = 563 – 483
= 80 years
yes he alive in 500 B.C
Buddha’s life time is 80 years.

Exercise 1.6 B.P.No.29

Miscellaneous Practice Problems

1. What Should be added to −1 to get 10?

Solution:
Let x be one number
x–1 = 0
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GANGA 201

x = 10+1

FIRST TERM
x = 11
We should 11 be added to –1 to get 10.
2. −70 + 20 = −10
Solution:
–70 + 20 = – 50
–40 – 10 = –50
–70+20 = –40 – 10
3. Subtract 94860 from (−86945)
Solution:
(–86945) – (94860) = –86945 – 94860
= –86945 – 94860
= 181805
4. Find the value of (–25)+60+(–95)+(–385)
Solution:
(–25)+60–95–385 = 60–25–95–385
= 60–505
= –445
5. Find the sum of (–9999) (−2001)and (−5999)
Solution:
(–9999)+(–2001)+(–5999) = –9999 – 2001 – 5999
= –17,999

5-in-1
6. Find the product of (−30)×(−70)×15
Solution:
(–30) × (–70) × 15 = 30 × 70 × 15
= 2100 × 15
= 31500
7. Divide (−72) by 8
Solution:
–72 ÷ 8 = –9
8. Find two pairs of integers whose product is +15 .
Solution:
Two pairs (–, –5)
i.e. –3 × –5 = +15
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202 GANGA 7  TERM I
9. Check the following for equality
(i) (11+ 7)+10 and 11+(7 +10)
Solution:
(11+7) + 10 = 18+10 =28
11+(7+10) = 11+17 = 28
(11+7)+10 and 11+(7+10) are equal.
(ii) (8 −13)× 7 and 8 −(13 × 7)
Solution:
MATHEMATICS

(8–13)×7 = –5×7 = –35

8–(13×7) = 8–91 = –83
i.e (8–13) × 7 and 8–(13×7) are not equal.
(iii) [(−6)−(+8)]×(−4) and (−6)−[8 ×(−4)]
Solution:
[(–6) – (+8)] × (–4) = [(–6) – 8] × (–4)
= –14 × –4 = +56
(–6) – [8 × (–4)] = (–6) – (–32)
= –6 +32 = 26
i.e [(–6) – (+8)] × (–4) and (–6) – [8×(–4)] are not equal.
(iv) 3 ×[(−4)+(−10)] and [3 ×(−4)+ 3 ×(−10)]
Solution:
3×[(–4)+(–10)] = 3 × (–4–10)
= 3 × –14 = –42
[3×(–4)+3×(–10)] = (–12) + (–30)
= –12 – 30 = –42
3×[(–4)+(–10)] and [3×(–4)+3×(–10)] are equal.
10. K
 alaivani had ₹ 5000 in her bank account on 01.01.2018. She deposited ₹ 2000 in January
and withdrew ₹ 700 in February. What was Kalaivani’s bank balance on 01.04.2018, if
she deposited ₹ 1000 and withdrew ₹ 500 in March?
Solution:
Bank account on 01–01–2018 = `5000
deposited in January = `2000
Total = `7000
withdrew in January = `7000 – 700
= `6300
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GANGA 203

The deposit in March = `1000

FIRST TERM
= `6300 + `1000
= `7300
withdrew in March = `500
Balance on 01–04–2018 = `7300 – `500
= `6800
11. T
 he price of an item x increases by ₹ 10 every year and an item y decreases by ₹ 15 every
year. If in 2018, the price of x is ₹ 50 and y is ₹ 90, then which item will be costlier in the
year 2020.
Solution:
x increase by 10 every year.
y decrease by 15 every year.
In 2018, x is 50, y is 90
In 2020, x = 50+2(10)
= 50+20
= 70
y = 90 – 2(15)
= 90–30
= 60
Therefore, the item x will be costlier in 2020.
12. Match the statements in column A and column B.
S.No. A B
1. For any two integers 72 and 108, (a) Distributive property of multiplication
72+108 is an also an integer. over addition.

5-in-1
2. For any three integers 68, 25 and 99 (b) Multiplicative identity.
68×(25+99) = (68×25) + (68×99)
3. 0 + (−138) = (−138) = (−138)+0 (c) Commutative property under multiplication.
4. For any two integers (−5) and (d) Closed under addition.
10(−5) × 10 = 10×(−5)
5. 1 × (–1098) = (–1098) = (–1098) × 1 (e) Additive identity.
Ans: 1– (d), 2 – (a), 3 – (e), 4 – (c), 5 – (b)

Challenge Problems

13. Say true or false.

(i) The sum of a positive integer and a negative integer is always a positive integer. False
(ii) The sum of two integers can never be zero. False
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204 GANGA 7  TERM I
(iii) The product of two negative integers is a positive integer. True
(iv) The quotient of two integers having opposite sign is a negative integer. True
(v) The smallest negative integer is −1. False
14. An integer divided by 7 gives a quotient –3. What is that integer?
Solution:
Let x be the integer.
x
= –3
7
x = –3 × 7
x = – 21
MATHEMATICS

The integer is –21.

15. Replace the question mark with suitable integer in the equation 72 + (−5) − ? = 72 .
Solution:
72 + (–5) – –5 = 72
16. Can you give 5 pairs of single digit integers whose sum is zero?
Solution:
(–1) + 1 + (–2) + 2 + (–3) + (3) + (–4) + (4) + (–5) + 5 = 0
17. If P = −15 and Q = 5 find (P −Q)÷ (P +Q)
Solution:
P–Q = (–15–5) = –20
P+Q = (–15+5) = –10
(P −Q) ÷ (P +Q) = (–20) ÷ (–10)
–20
= =2
–10
18. If the letters in the English alphabets A to M represent the number from 1 to 13
respectively and N represents 0 and the letters O to Z correspond from –1 to −12 , find
the sum of integers for the names given below.
For example,
MATH → sum → 13+1–6+8 = 16
(i) YOUR NAME
(ii) SUCCESS
Solution:
i) YOUR NAME → sum → –11–1–7–4 +0+1+13+5
= –23+19 = –4
ii) SUCCESS → sum → –11–1–7–4 +0+1+13+5
= –22+11 = –11
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GANGA 205

19. From a water tank 100 litres of water is used every day. After 10 days there is 2000 litres

FIRST TERM
of water in the tank. How much water was there in the tank before 10 days? 20. A dog is
climbing down in to a well to drink water. In each jump it goes down 4 steps. The water
level is in 20th step. How many jumps does the dog take to reach the water level?
Solution:
Everyday water is used = 100 l
After some days water in the tank = 2000 l
10 day used water = 100×10 = 1000
Water in the tank before 10 day = 1000 + 2000
= 3000l
20. A dog is climbing down in to a well to drink water. In each jump it goes down 4 steps.
The water level is in 20th step. How many jumps does the dog take to reach the water
level?
Solution:
In each jump = 4 step
The dog to reach the water level = 20 ÷ 4
= 5 jumps
The dog to reach the water level in 5 jumps.
21. K
 annan has a fruit shop. He sells 1 dozen banana at a loss of Rs.2 each because it may
get rotten next day. What is his loss?
Solution:
1 dozen = 12
1 dozen banana = 12 banana
each loss `2
12 banana loss = 12 × 2
=

5-in-1
`24
22. A submarine was situated at 650 feet below the sea level. If it descends 200 feet, what is
its new position?
Solution:
A submarine was situated at 659 feet. (–650)
It is descends (–200) feet.
New position = (–650) + (–200) = –850
New position is 850 feet below the sea level.
23. In a magic square given below each row, column and diagonal should have the same
sum, Find the values of x, y and z.
1 –10 x
y –3 –2
–6 4 z
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206 GANGA 7  TERM I
Solution:
each row and column and diagonal have the same sum.
1+y–6 = –10–3+4 x = –9+9
y–5 = –9 x=0
y = –9+5 –10–3+4 = –2+z
y = –4 –9 = 0–2+z
z = –9+2
1–10+x = 1+y–6
–9+x = 1–4–6 z = –7
–9+x = –9 x = 0, y = –4, z = –7
MATHEMATICS



UNIT TEST
Time: 30 mins. 1. Number System Marks: 20
I. Fill in the blanks. 4×1=4
1. (–30) + ______ = 40
2. 171 + ______ = 0
3. ______ – (+50)
4. (–5) × 12 = ______
II. Answer all the questions. 4×2=8
5. Add 8 and –12 Using number line.
6. Chithra has `150. She wanted to buy a bag which costs `225. How much she need to borrow
from her friend?
7. Are 3×[(–4)+6] and [3×(–4)+(3×6)] equal? Mention the properly.
8. If P = –15 and Q = 5. Find (P–Q) ÷ (P+Q)
III. Answer any two of the following. 2×4=8
 he price of an item x increases by `10 every year and an item y decreases by 15 every year.
9. T
If in 2018, the price of x is `50 and y is `90, then which item will be costlier in the year 2020.
10. F
 erozkhan collects `1150 at the rate of `25 per head from his classmates on account the ‘Flag
Day’ in his school and returned 8 to each one of them, as instructed by his teacher. Find the
amount handed over by him to his teacher.
11. F
 rom a water tank 100 litres of water is used everyday. After 10 days there is 2000 litres of
water in the tank. How much water was there in the tank before 10 days?


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GANGA 207

UNIT

FIRST TERM
MEASUREMENTS
2
Try These B.P.No. 33

Find the missing values for the following:

S.No. Length Breadth Area Perimeter Hint:
(i) 12 m 8m 96 sq.m 40 m The perimeter of a rectangle
= 2×(l + b) units. Area of a
(ii) 15 cm 6 cm 90 sq.cm 42 cm
rectangle= l × b square units.
(iii) 100 m 50 mm 5000 sq.mm 300 mm (l and b are length and breadth
(iv) 12 cm 10 cm 120 sq. cm 44 cm of a rectangle).

S.No. Side Area Perimeter Hint:

(i) 60 cm 3600 sq.cm 240 cm Perimeter of a square = 4 × a units.
(ii) 8m 64 sq.m 32 m Area of a square = a × a square units.
(iii) 25 mm 625 sq.mm 100 mm (‘a’ is the side of the square)

S.No. base height Area Hint:

1
(i) 13 m 5m 32.5 sq.m Area of the right angled triangle = 2 (b ×
h) square units
(ii) 16 cm 30 cm 240 sq.cm

5-in-1
(‘b’ is the base and ‘h’ is the height of the
(iii) 28 mm 6 mm 84 sq.mm triangle)

Parallelogram:

Think B.P.No. 35

1. Explain the area of the parallelogram as sum of the areas of the two triangles.
D C
Solution:
ABCD is a parallelogram
ABD, BDC are triangle
Area of ∆ABD + Area of ∆BDC = Area of ABCD
A B
∴the area of the parallelogram as sum of the area of the two triangles.
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208 GANGA 7  TERM I
2. A rectangle is a parallelogram but a parallelogram is not a rectangle. Why?
Solution:
In parallelogram opposite sides are parallel and behind sides are acute and obtuse angle.
In rectangle opposite sides are parallel and behind sides are right angled triangle only.
∴ A rectangle is a parallelogram but a parallelogram is not a rectangle.

Try These B.P.No. 36

1. C
 ount the squares and find the area of the following parallelograms by converting those
MATHEMATICS

into rectangles of the same area (without changing the base and height).

a. 12 sq.units b. 18 sq.units c. 16 sq.units d. 5 sq.units

2. Draw the heights for the given parallelograms and mark the measure of their bases and
find the area. Analyse your result.

Solution:
a) Area of Parallelogram = b×h = 4×2 = 8 sq. units
b) Area of Parallelogram = b×h = 4×2 = 8 sq. units
c) Area of Parallelogram = b×h = 4×2 = 8 sq. units
d) Area of Parallelogram = b×h = 4×2 = 8 sq. units
e) Area of Parallelogram = b×h = 4×2 = 8 sq. units
In all parallelogram analyse all area are same. All parallelogram are different size but same
area.
3. Find the area of the following parallelograms by measuring their base and height, using
formula.

a. 25 sq. units b. 4 sq. units c. 6 sq. units d. 16 sq. units e. 35 sq. units
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GANGA 209

a) l×b = 5×5 = 25 sq. units b) l×b = 4×1 = 4 sq. units

FIRST TERM
c) l×b = 2×3 = 6 sq. units d) l×b = 4×4 = 16 sq. units
e) l×b = 5×7 = 35 sq. units
4. Draw as many parallelograms as possible in a grid sheet with the area 20 square units
each.

(a) (b) (c)

Example 2.1 B.P.No. 36

Find the area and perimeter of the parallelogram given in the figures.
i) D 15 cm C ii) D 18 cm C
5 cm

9 cm
4 cm

16 cm

A B A B
Solution:
(i) From the Fig. (i)
Base of a parallelogram (b) = 15 cm, Height of a parallelogram (h) = 4 cm
Area of a parallelogram = b x h sq.units. Therefore, Area = 15 × 4 = 60 sq. cm.

5-in-1
Thus, area of the parallelogram is 60 sq. cm.
Perimeter of the parallelogram = sum of the length of the four sides.
= (15+5+15+5) = 40 cm.
(ii) From the Fig (ii)
Base of a parallelogram (b) = 9 cm, Height of a parallelogram (h) = 16 cm.
Area of a parallelogram = b × h sq.units Therefore, Area = 9×16 = 144 sq. cm
Thus, area of the parallelogram is 144 sq. cm.
Perimeter of the parallelogram = sum of the length of the four sides.
= (18+9+18+9) = 54 cm.

Example 2.2 B.P.No.37

One of the sides and the corresponding height of the parallelogram are 12 m and 8 m
respectively. Find the area of the parallelogram.
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210 GANGA 7  TERM I
Solution: 12 m
D C
Given: b = 12 m, h = 8 m
Area of the parallelogram = b × h sq.units

8m
= 12 × 8 = 96 sq.m
Therefore, Area of the parallelogram = 96 sq.m.
A B
Example 2.3 B.P.No.37

Find the height ‘h’ of the parallelogram whose area and base are 368 sq. cm and 23 cm
respectively.
MATHEMATICS

Solution:
D 23 cm C
Given: Area = 368 sq. cm , base b = 23 cm
Area of the parallelogram = 368 sq. cm
h 368 sq.cm
b×h = 368
23 × h = 368
A B
368
h = = 16 cm
23
Thus, the height of the parallelogram = 16 cm.

Example 2.4 B.P.No.37

A parallelogram has adjacent sides 12 cm and 9 cm. If the distance between its shorter
sides is 8 cm, find the distance between its longer side. 9 cm
Solution:
Given that the adjacent sides of parallelogram are 12 cm
8 cm

cm
and 9 cm
If we choose the shorter side as base, that is b = 9 cm 12
then distance between the shorter sides is height, that is
h = 8 cm
Area of parallelogram = b × h sq.units = 9 × 8 = 72 sq. cm.
Again, if we choose longer side as base, that is b = 12 cm then distance between longer sides
is height. Let it be ‘h’ units.
We know that, the area of the parellelogram = 72 sq.cm 12 cm
b × h = 72
12 × h = 72
9c
m

72
h = = 6 cm
12
Therefore, the distance between the longer sides = 6 cm.
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GANGA 211

Example 2.5 B.P.No.37

FIRST TERM
The base of the parallelogram is thrice its height. If the area is 192 sq. cm, find the base
and height.
Solution:
Let the height of the parallelogram = h cm D C
Then the base of the parallelogram = 3h cm
Area of the parallelogram = 192 sq. cm
h 192 sq.cm
b×h = 192
3h × h = 192
A 3h cm B
3h² = 192
h² = 64
h×h = 8×8
h = 8 cm
base = 3h = 3 × 8 = 24 cm
Therefore, base of the parallelogram is 24 cm and height is 8 cm.

Exercise 2.1 B.P.No. 38

1. Find the area and perimeter of the following parallelograms:

i) D C ii) S R
4 cm

7 cm
3 cm

m
10 c

5-in-1
A 11 cm B P 13 cm Q

Solution:
From figure (i)
base (b) = 11cm
height (h) = 3 cm
Area of Parallelogram = b× h sq. units
Area = 11×3 sq. cm
= 33 sq. cm
Perimeter = Sum of the length of the four sides
= (11+4+11+4)
= 30 cm
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212 GANGA 7  TERM I
From figure (ii)
base (b) = 7cm
height (h) = 10 cm
Area of Parallelogram = b× h sq. units
Area = 7×10 sq. cm
= 70 sq. cm
Perimeter = Sum of the length of the four sides
= (13+7+13+7)
= 40 cm
MATHEMATICS

2. Find the missing values.

S.No. Base Height area
(i) 18 cm 5 cm
(ii) 8m 56 sq.m
(iii) 17 mm 221 sq.mm
Solution:
i) Base (b) = 18cm
Height (h) = 5 cm
Area of Parallelogram = b × h
= 18×5 = 90
Area = 90 sq.cm
ii) Base (b) = 8 m
Area (A) = 56 sq. m
Area = b×h = 56
8×h = 56
56
h =
8
h = 7m
height = 7m
iii) Height (h) = 17 mm
Area (A) = 221 sq. mm
Area = b×h
b×h = 221
b×17 = 221
221
b =
17
b = 13 mm
base = 13 mm
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GANGA 213

3. Suresh won a parallelogram-shaped trophy in a state level Chess tournament. He knows

FIRST TERM
that the area of the trophy is 735 sq. cm and its base is 21 cm. What is the height of that
trophy?
Solution:
Area of trophy = 735 sq. cm
base (b) = 21 cm
Area of trophy = b×h
b×h = 735
21×h = 735
735
h =
21
h = 35 cm
height of the trophy = 35 cm
4. Janaki has a piece of fabric in the shape of a parallelogram. Its height is 12 m and its
base is 18 m. She cuts the fabric into four equal parallelograms by cutting the parallel
sides through its mid-points. Find the area of each new parallelogram.
Solution:
Weight of fabric = 12 m
base of fabric = 18 m
She cut the fabric into four equal parallelogram.
Height of new parallelogram (h) = 6m
base of new parallelogram (b) = 9m
Area = b×h = 6×9 = 54 m
Area of each new parallelogram = 54 sq.m.
5. A ground is in the shape of parallelogram. The height of the parallelogram is 14 metres

5-in-1
and the corresponding base is 8 metres longer than its height. Find the cost of levelling
the ground at the rate of ` 15 per sq. m.
Solution:
height (h) = 14m
base (b) = height + 8m
= 14+8m
= 22m
Area = b×h
= 22×14
= 308 sq.m
The cost of leveling the ground in 1 sq.cm = `15
The cost of leveling the ground in 308 sq. m = 308×15
= `4620
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214 GANGA 7  TERM I
Objective Type Questions

6. The perimeter of a parallelogram whose adjacent sides are 6 cm and 5 cm is

i) 12 cm ii) 10 cm
iii) 24 cm iv) 22 cm Ans: iv) 22 cm
7. The area of a parallelogram whose base 10 m and height 7 m is
i) 70 sq. m ii) 35 sq. m
iii) 7 sq. m iv) 10 sq. mAns: i) 70 sq. m
MATHEMATICS

8. The base of the parallelogram with area is 52 sq. cm and height 4 cm is

i) 48 cm ii) 104 cm
iii) 13 cm iv) 26 cmAns: iii) 13 cm
9. What happens to the area of the parallelogram, if the base is increased 2 times and the
height is halved?
i) Decreases to half ii) Remains the same
iii) Increases by two times iv) none Ans: ii) Remains the same
10. In a parallelogram the base is three times its height. If the height is 8 cm then the area
is
i) 64 sq. cm ii) 192 sq. cm
iii) 32 sq. cm iv) 72 sq. cmAns: ii) 192 sq. cm
Rhombus:

Try These B.P.No. 41

1. Observe the Fig. 2.14 and answer the following questions.

P

Q S

(i) Name two pairs of opposite sides.

PQ, RS and QR, PS.
(ii) Name two pairs of adjacent sides.
PQ, QR, RS and SP.
(iii) Name the two diagonals.
PR and QS.
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GANGA 215

2. Find the area of the rhombus given in Fig. 2.15 and Fig. 2.16

FIRST TERM
A H G
i) ii)

13 cm

7 cm
B 11 cm D
E 10 cm F
C
Solution:
i)
d1 = 13cm, d2 = 11 cm
1
Area of rhombus = (d1×d2) sq. units
2
1
= × (13 × 11)
2
1
= × 143
2
= 71.5 sq. units
ii) Sides b = 10 cm h = 7cm
Area = b×h = 10×7 = 70 sq. units

Example 2.6 B.P.No. 41

Find the area of the rhombus whose side is 17 cm and the height is 8 cm.
Solution:
D C
Given:
Base = 17 cm, height = 8 cm
8 cm

Area of the rhombus = b × h sq. units

5-in-1
= 17 × 8 = 136 A 17 cm B

Therefore, area of the rhombus = 136 sq. cm.

Think B.P.No. 35

1. Can you find the perimeter of the rhombus?

Ans: Yes, find the perimeter of the rhombus

2. Can diagonals of a rhombus be of the same length?

Ans: Yes, diagonals of a rhombus be of the same length.

3. A square is a rhombus but a rhombus is not a square. Why?

Ans: Diagonals of a rhombus is not equal and behind sides angles are not right angle therefore
a square is a rhombus is not square.
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216 GANGA 7  TERM I
4. Can you draw a rhombus in such a way that the side is equal to the diagonal.
Ans: Not able to draw.

Example 2.7 B.P.No. 41

Calculate the area of the rhombus having diagonals equal to 6 m and 8 m.

Solution:
Given: d1 = 6 m, d2 = 8 m A
1
Area of the rhombus =
× (d1 × d2) sq. units

8m
2
MATHEMATICS

B 6m D
1
= × (6 × 8)
2
48 C
=
2
= 24 sq.m
Hence, area of the rhombus is 24 sq.m.

Example 2.8 B.P.No. 42

I f the area of the rhombus is 60 sq. cm and one of the diagonals is 8 cm, find the length
of the other diagonal.
Solution:
Given, the length of one diagonal (d1) = 8 cm
Let, the length of the other diagonal be d2 cm
Area of the rhombus = 60 sq. cm (given)
1
× (d1 × d2) = 60
2
1
× (8 × d2) = 60
2
= 60 × 2 8 × d2
120
d2 =
8
= 15
Therefore, length of the other diagonal is 15 cm.

Example 2.9 B.P.No. 42

The floor of an office building consists of 200 rhombus shaped tiles and each of its length
of the diagonals are 40 cm and 25 cm. Find the total cost of polishing the floor at ` 45
per sq.m.
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GANGA 217

Solution:

FIRST TERM
Given, the length of the diagonals of a rhombus shaped tile are 40 cm and 25 cm
1
The area of one tile = × (d1 × d2) sq. units
2
1
= × 40 × 25
2
= 500 sq. cm
Therefore, the area of 200 such tiles = 200 × 500
= 100000 sq. cm
100000
= (1 sq. m = 10000 sq. cm)
10000
= 10 sq. m
Therefore, the cost of polishing 200 such tiles at the rate of ` 45 per sq. m
= 10 × 45 = ` 450.

Exercise 2.2 B.P.No. 43

1. Find the area of rhombus PQRS shown in the following figures.

P S R
i) ii)
11 cm
8 cm

Q S
16 cm
P 15 cm Q

R
Solution:
i)
Given: d1 = 16 cm, d2 = 8 cm

5-in-1
1
Area of rhombus = × (d1 × d2) sq. units
2
1
= × (16 × 8)
2
= 8 × 8
= 64 sq. cm
ii) height (h) = 11cm
base (b) = 15cm
Area of rhombus = b×h
= 15 × 11
= 165 sq. cm
Area = 165 sq. cm
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218 GANGA 7  TERM I
2. Find the area of a rhombus whose base is 14 cm and height is 9 cm.
Solution:
Given base = 14 cm; height = 9 cm
Area of rhombus = b×h
= 14×9
= 126 sq. cm
3. Find the missing value.
S.No. Diagonal (d1) Diagonal (d2) Area
MATHEMATICS

(i) 19 cm 16 cm
(ii) 26 m 468 sq. m
(iii) 12 mm 180 sq. mm
Solution:
i) Given diagonal (d1) = 19 cm
diagonal (d2) = 16 cm
1
Area of Rhombus = × (d1 × d2) sq. units
2
1
= × 19 × 16
2
= 152 sq. cm
ii) diagonal (d1) = 26 cm
Area = 468 sq. m
1
× (d1 × d2) = 468
2
1
× 26 × d2 = 468
2
468
d2 =
13
= 36 m
diagonal (d2) = 36 m
ii) diagonal (d2) = 12 mm
Area = 180 sq. mm
1
× (d1 × d2) = 180
2
1
× d1 × 12 = 180
2
180
d1 =
6
= 30 mm
diagonal (d1) = 30 mm
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GANGA 219

4. The area of a rhombus is 100 sq. cm and length of one of its diagonals is 8 cm. Find the

FIRST TERM
length of the other diagonal.
Solution:
Given: diagonal (d1) = 8 cm
Area of rhombus = 100
1
× (d1 × d2) = 100
2
1
× 8 × d2 = 100
2
100
d2 =
4
d2 = 25 cm
Other diagonal = 25 cm
5. A sweet is in the shape of rhombus whose diagonals are given as 4 cm and 5 cm. The
surface of the sweet should be covered by an aluminum foil. Find the cost of aluminum
foil used for 400 such sweets at the rate of ` 7 per 100 sq. cm.
Solution:
Given: diagonal (d1) = 4 cm
diagonal (d2) = 5 cm
1
Area of rhombus = × (d1 × d2) sq. units
2
1
= × (4 × 5)
2
= 10 sq. cm
The area of 400 such sweet = 10 × 400
= `4000

5-in-1
The rate of `7 per 100 sq. cm
4000
4000 sq. cm =
100
= 40
The rate of 40 such sweet = 40 × 7
= `280
The cost of aluminium foil = `280

Objective Type Questions

6. The area of the rhombus with side 4 cm and height 3 cm is

i) 7 sq. cm ii) 24 sq. cm
iii) 12 sq. cm iv) 10 sq. cmAns: iii) 12 sq. cm
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220 GANGA 7  TERM I
7. The area of the rhombus when both diagonals measuring 8 cm is
i) 64 sq. cm ii) 32 sq. cm
iii) 30 sq. cm iv) 16 sq. cmAns: ii) 32 sq. cm
8. The area of the rhombus is 128 sq. cm and the length of one diagonal is 32 cm. The
length of the other diagonal is
i) 12 cm ii) 8 cm
iii) 4 cm iv) 20 cmAns: ii) 8 cm
9. The height of the rhombus whose area 96 sq. m and side 24 m is
MATHEMATICS

i) 8 m ii) 10 m
iii) 2 m iv) 4 mAns: iv) 4m
10. The angle between the diagonals of a rhombus is
i) 120º ii) 180º
iii) 90º iv) 100º Ans: iii) 90o
Trapezium:

Example 2.10 B.P.No. 44

Find the area of the trapezium whose height is 14 cm and the parallel sides are 18 cm
and 9 cm of length.
Solution:
Given, height (h) = 14 cm D 9 cm C
parallel sides are (a) = 18 cm and (b) = 9 cm
1
14 cm

Area of the trapezium = × h (a+b)

2
1
= × 14 (18+9) A 18 cm B
2
= 7(27)
= 189 sq. cm
Therefore, area of the trapezium is 189 sq. cm.

Example 2.11 B.P.No. 45

The parallel sides of a trapezium are 23 cm and 12 cm. The distance between the parallel
sides is 9 cm. Find the area of the trapezium.
D 12 cm C
Solution:
9 cm

Given, height (h) = 9 cm

Parallel sides are (a) = 23 cm and (b) = 12 cm
A 23 cm B
Area of the trapezium = 12 × h (a+b)
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GANGA 221

= 12 × 9 (23+12)

FIRST TERM
= 12 × 9 (35)
= 157.5 sq. cm
Therefore, Area of the trapezium is 157.5 sq. cm.

Example 2.12 B.P.No. 45

The area of a trapezium is 828 sq. cm. If the lengths of its parallel sides are 19.6 cm and
16.4 cm, find the distance between them.
Solution:
Given, Area of the Trapezium= 828 cm²
1 D 16.4 cm C
× h (a+b) = 828
2
1
× h (19.6+16.4) = 828 828 sq. cm
2
1

h
× h (36) = 828
2
A 19.6 cm B
h (18) = 828
828
h =
18
h = 46 cm
Therefore, distance between the parallel sides = 46 cm

Example 2.13 B.P.No. 45

The area of The area of a trapezium is 352 sq. cm and the distance between its parallel
sides is 16 cm. If one of the parallel sides is of length 25 cm then find the length of the
other side.
Solution:

5-in-1
Let, the length of the required side be ‘x’ cm.
1 D x cm C
Then, area of the trapezium = × h (a+b) sq. units
2
1
16 cm

= × 16 (25+x) 352 sq. cm

2
= 200+8x
A 25 cm B
But, the area of the trapezium = 352 sq. cm (given)
Therefore, 200 + 8x = 352
⇒ 8x = 352 – 200
⇒ 8x = 152
⇒x = 152 8
⇒x = 19
Therefore, the length of the other side is 19 cm.
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222 GANGA 7  TERM I
Think B.P.No. 46

1. Can you find the perimeter of the trapezium? Discuss.

Four sides are known then find the perimeter of the trapezium.
2. Mention any three life situations where the isosceles trapeziums are used.
 The collar of a shirt.
 Isosceles trapezium shape window.
 Trapezium shape field.
MATHEMATICS

Example 2.14 B.P.No. 45

The collar of a shirt is in the form of isosceles trapezium whose parallel sides are 17 cm
and 14 cm and the distance between them is 4 cm. Find the area of canvas that will be
used to stitch the collar.
Solution:
Given height (h) = 4 cm
14 cm
Parallel sides are (a) = 17 cm and (b)
= 14 cm 4cm
1 17 cm
Area of the trapezium = × h (a+b) sq. units
2
1
= × 4 (17+14)
2
1
= × 4 (31)
2
= 62 sq. cm
Therefore, the area of canvas used is 62 sq. cm.

Exercise 2.3 B.P.No. 47

1. Find the missing values.

S.No. Height ‘h’ Parallel side ‘a’ Parallel side ‘b’ Area
(i) 10 m 12 m 20 m
(ii) 13 cm 28 cm 492 sq. cm
(iii) 19 m 16 m 323 sq. m
(iv) 16 cm 15 cm 360 sq. cm
Solution:
i) Given height (h) = 10 m
parallel sides are (a) = 12 m, (b) = 20 m
1
Area of trapezium = × h (a+b) sq. units
2
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GANGA 223

FIRST TERM
= × 10 (12+20)
2
1
= × 10 × 32
2
= 160 sq. m
Area = 160 sq. m
ii) Given parallel sides are (a) = 13 cm, (b) = 28 cm
Area = 492 sq. cm
1
× h (a+b) = 492
2
1
× h (13+28) = 492
2
1
× h (41) = 492
2
492×2
h = sq. m
41
= 12×2
= 24 cm
height (h) = 24 cm
iii) Given height (h) = 19 m
parallel side (b) = 16 m
Area = 323 sq. cm
1
× h (a+b) = 323
2
1
× 19 (a+16) = 323
2
323×2
a+16 =
19

5-in-1
a+16 = 17 × 2
a+16 = 34
a = 34–16
a = 18 m
Parallel side (a) = 18 m
iv) Given height (h) = 16 cm
parallel side (a) = 15 cm
Area = 360 sq. cm
1
× h (a+b) = 360
2
1
× 16 (15+b) = 360
2
360×2
15+b =
16
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224 GANGA 7  TERM I
15+b = 45
b = 45 – 15
b = 30 cm
Parallel side (b) = 30 cm
2. Find the area of a trapezium whose parallel sides are 24 cm and 20 cm and the distance
between them is 15 cm.
Solution:
Given height (h) = 15 cm
Parallel sides are (a) = 24 cm, (b) = 20 cm
MATHEMATICS

1 D 20 cm C
Area of trapezium = × h (a+b) sq. units
2

15 cm
1
= × 15 (24+20)
2
1 A 24 cm B
= × 15 × 44
2
= 330 sq. cm
Area of a trapezium = 330 sq. cm
3. The area of a trapezium is 1586 sq. cm. The distance between its parallel sides is 26 cm.
If one of the parallel sides is 84 cm then, find the other side.
Solution:
Let the length of the required side be ‘x’ cm. D x cm C
1
Then area of the trapezium = × h (a+b) sq. units
26 cm
2 1586 sq. cm
1
= × 26 (84+x)
2 A 84 cm B
= 1092 + 13x
But the area of trapezium = 1586 sq. cm
1092+13x = 1586
13x = 1586 –1092
13x = 494
494
x = = 38
13
x = 38 cm
length of the other side is 38 cm.
4. The area of a trapezium is 1080 sq. cm. If the lengths of its parallel sides are 55.6 cm
and 34.4 cm, find the distance between them. D 34.4 cm C
Solution:
Given: Area = 1080 sq. cm h 1080 sq. cm
1 × h (a+b) = 1080
2 A 55.6 cm B
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GANGA 225

1 × h (56.6+34.4) = 1080

FIRST TERM
2 1
× h (90) = 1080
2
h (45) = 1080
1080
h =
45
h = 24 cm
height of trapezium = 24 cm
5. The area of a trapezium is 180 sq. cm and its height is 9 cm. If one of the parallel sides
is longer than the other by 6 cm, find the length of the parallel sides.
Solution:
Let the length of the required side be x cm and another side is (x+6) cm.
1 D x cm C
Area = × h (a+b)
2
1 180 sq. cm
= × 9 (x+(x+6)) sq. cm

9 cm
2
1
= × 9 (2x+6) A (x+6) cm B
2
18x+54
=
2
= 9x+27
The area of trapezium = 180 sq. cm
9x+2 = 180
9x = 180 – 27
9x = 163
163
x =

5-in-1
9
x = 17 cm
x+6 = 17+6 = 23 cm
length of the parallel sides
a = 17 cm, b = 23 cm
6. The sunshade of a window is in the form of isosceles trapezium whose parallel sides are
81 cm and 64 cm and the distance between them is 6 cm. Find the cost of painting the
surface at the rate of ` 2 per sq. cm.
Solution:
Given: height (h) = 6 cm
Parallel sides are a = 81 cm, b = 64 cm
1
Area of trapezium = × h (a+b)
2
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226 GANGA 7  TERM I
1
= × 6 (81+64)
2
= 3× (145)
= 435 sq. cm
Cost of painting 1 sq. cm = `2
Cost of painting 435 sq. cm = 435 × 2 = `870
The cost of painting surface area is `870.
7. A window is in the form of trapezium whose parallel sides are 105 cm and 50 cm
respectively and the distance between the parallel sides is 60 cm. Find the cost of the
MATHEMATICS

glass used to cover the window at the rate of ` 15 per 100 sq. cm.
Solution:
Parallel sides are a = 105 cm, b = 50 cm
h = 60 cm
1
Area = × h (a+b)
2
1
= × 60 (105+50) sq. cm
2
1
= × 60 (155)
2
= 4650 sq. cm
Cost of cover the window 100 sq. cm= `15
4650
Therefore cost of cover the window 4650 sq. cm = × 15
100
= `697.50
Rate of glass used to cover the window is `697.50.

Objective Type Questions

8. The area of the trapezium, if the parallel sides are measuring 8 cm and 10 cm and the
height 5 cm is
i) 45 sq. cm ii) 40 sq. cm
iii) 18 sq. cm iv) 50 sq. cm Ans: i) 45 sq. cm
9. In a trapezium if the sum of the parallel sides is 10 cm and the area is 140 sq. cm, then
the height is
i) 7cm ii) 40 cm
iii) 14 cm iv) 28 cmAns: iv) 28 cm
10. when the non-parallel sides of a trapezium are equal then it is known as
i) a square ii) a rectangle
iii) an isosceles trapezium iv) a parallelogram
Ans: iii) an isosceles trapezium
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GANGA 227

Exercise 2.4

FIRST TERM
B.P.No. 48

Miscellaneous Practice Problems

1. The base of the parallelogram is 16 cm and the height is 7 cm less than its base. Find the
area of the parallelogram.
Solution:
Given: b = 16 cm, h = 16 – 7 = 9 cm
Area of parallelogram = b × h sq. units
= 16 × 9 sq. cm
= 144 sq. cm
Area of the parallelogram = 144 sq. cm
2. A
 n agricultural field is in the form of a parallelogram, whose area is 68.75 sq. hm. The
distance between the parallel sides is 6.25 hm. Find the length of the base.
Solution:
Given h = 6.25
Area of parallelogram = 68.75
b×h = 68.75
b × 6.25 = 68.75
b = 68.75
6.25
b = 11 hm
base of the parallelogram = 11 hm

5-in-1
3. A square and a parallelogram have the same area. If the side of the square is 48 m and
the height of the parallelogram is 18 m, find the length of the base of the parallelogram.
Solution:
Given: Side of square (a) = 48 m
Area of square = a2
= 482
= 48 × 48
= 2304 sq. m
Given:
Area of square = Area of parallelogram
2304 = b × h
2304 = b×18
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228 GANGA 7  TERM I
b = 2304
18
b = 128 m
4. The height of the parallelogram is one fourth of its base. If the area of the parallelogram
is 676 sq. cm, find the height and the base.
Solution:
Given: h = b ; b = 4h
4
Area of parallelogram = 676 sq. cm
b×h = 676
MATHEMATICS

(4h) × h = 676
4h2 = 676
h2 = 676
4
h2 = 169
h = 13 cm
b = 4h
b = 4 (13)
b = 52 cm
height of the base = 52 cm
5. The area of the rhombus is 576 sq. cm and the length of one of its diagonal is half of the
length of the other diagonal then find the length of the diagonals.
Solution:
Given:
Length of the diagonal = half of the length of the other diagonal
1
i.e d2 = d
2 1
1
Area of rhombus = × (d1 × d2)
2
1
× (d1 × d2) = 576
2
1 d
× (d1 × 1) = 576
2 2
d12
= 576
2
d12 = 576 × 4
d1 = 24 × 2
= 48
d 48
d2 = 1 = = 24 cm
2 2
Length of the diagonals d1 = 48 cm, d2 = 24 cm
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GANGA 229

6. A ground is in the form of isosceles trapezium with parallel sides measuring 42 m and

FIRST TERM
36 m long. The distance between the parallel sides is 30 m. Find the cost of levelling it
at the rate of `135 per sq.m.
Solution:
Given: height (h) = 30 m
D 36 m C
Parallel sides are a = 42 m, b = 36 m
1

30 m
Area of trapezium = × h (a+b)
2
1
= × 30 (42 + 36) A 42 m B
2
1
= × 30 (78)
2
= 1170 sq. m
The cost of levelling 1 sq.m = `135
The cost of levelling 1170 sq. m = 1170 × 135
= `1,57,950

Challenge Problems

7. In a parallelogram PQRS (see the diagram) PM and PN are the heights corresponding
to the sides QR and RS respectively. If the area of the parallelogram is 900 sq. cm and
the length of PM and PN are 20 cm and 36 cm respectively, find the length of the sides
QR and SR. P S
Solution: 36 cm N
20 cm

Given:
height (h) = 20 m Q M R

5-in-1
Area of parallelogram = 900 sq. m
b × h = 900
b × (20) = 900
b = 900
20
b = 45 m
Given:
height (h) = 36 m
Area of parallelogram = 900 sq. m
b × h = 900
b × (36) = 900
b = 900
36
b = 25 m
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230 GANGA 7  TERM I
length of QM = 45 m
length of SR = 25 cm
8. If the base and height of a parallelogram are in the ratio 7:3 and the height is 45 cm
then, find the area of the parallelogram.
Solution:
ratio of base and height = 7 : 3
Let base = 7x, height = 3x
Given height (h) = 45
MATHEMATICS

3x = 45
x = 15
base (b) = 7x
= 7(15)
= 105
Area of parallelogram = (b×h) sq. unit
= 105 × 45
= 4725 sq. units
Area of parallelogram = 4725 sq. units
9. Find the area of the parallelogram ABCD, if AC is 24 cm and BE = DF= 8 cm.
Solution: D C
E
8 cm

cm
d = 24 cm, h1 = 8 cm, h2 = 8 cm 24 8 cm
1
Area of parallelogram = × d (h1+h2) F
2
A B
1
= × 24 (8+8)
2
1
= × 24 × 16
2
= 192 sq. cm
Area of parallelogram = 192 sq. cm
10. The area of the parallelogram ABCD is 1470 sq cm. If AB = 49 cm and AD = 35 cm then,
find the heights DF and BE. D C
Solution: E
m

Given: base (b) = 49 cm

35 c

Area of parallelogram = 1470 sq. cm A F 49 cm B

b×h = 1470
49 × h = 1470
h = 1470
49
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GANGA 231

h = 30 cm

FIRST TERM
DF = 30 cm
Given: base (b) = 35 cm
Area of parallelogram = 1470
b×h = 1470
35 × h = 1470
h = 1470
35
h = 42 cm
BE = 42 cm
height (DF) = 30 cm
height (BE) = 42 cm
11. One of the diagonals of a rhombus is thrice as the other. If the sum of the length of the
diagonals is 24 cm, then find the area of the rhombus.
Solution:
diagonal of rhombus = d1
other diagonal = 3d1
Sum of diagonals = 24 cm
i.e d1 + 3d1 = 24
4d1 = 24
d1 = 24
4
d1 = 6 cm
d2 = 3(d1)

5-in-1
= 3(6)
= 18 cm
1
Area of the rhombus =
× (d1 × d2)
2
1
= × (6 × 18)
2
= 54 sq. cm
12. A man has to build a rhombus shaped swimming pool. One of the diagonal is 13 m and
the other is twice the first one. Then find the area of the swimming pool and also find
the cost of cementing the floor at the rate of ` 15 per sq.cm.
Solution:
One of the diagonal = 13 m
Other diagonal = 2(13) = 26 m
1
Area of rhombus = × (d1 × d2)
2
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232 GANGA 7  TERM I
1
= × 13 × 26
2
= 169 sq. cm
The cost of cementing the rate of 1 sq.cm = `15
Cost of 169 sq. cm = 169 × `15
= `2535
Area of swimming pool is 169 sq. cm
Cost of cementing the floor is `2535.
13. Find the height of the parallelogram whose base is four times the height and whose area
MATHEMATICS

is 576 sq. cm.

Solution:
base (b) = 4 × height (h)
i.e b = 4h
Area of parallelogram = 576
b × h = 576
4h × h = 576
4h2 = 576
h2 = 576
4
h2 = 144
h = 12 cm
height of parallelogram is 12 cm.
14. T
 he table top is in the shape of trapezium with measurements given in the figure. Find
the cost of the glass used to cover the table at the rate of `6 per 10 sq. cm.
Solution:
Given: height (h) = 50 cm
Parallel sides are a = 150 cm, b = 200 cm
1
Area of trapezium = × h (a+b)
2
1
= × 50 (150+200)
2
1
= × 50 (350)
2
= 8750 sq. cm
The cost of glass rate of 10 sq. cm = `6
rate of 8750 sq. cm = 8750 × 6
10
= 875 × 6
= `5250
The cost of glass is `5250
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GANGA 233

15. A
 rivu has a land ABCD with the measurements given in the fi gure. If a portion ABED

FIRST TERM
is used for cultivation (where E is the mid-point of DC), fi nd the cultivated area.
Solution:
Area of ABCD = b × h
Given b = 24, h = 18
Area of ABCD = 24 × 18
= 432 sq. m
Area of ∆ECB
b = 12 m, h = 18 m
1
Area of ∆ECB = bh
2
1
= 12 × 18
2
= 108 sq. m
Area of cultivated = 432 – 108
= 324 sq. m

Unit Test
Time: 30 mins. 2. Measurements Marks: 20
I. Answer any four questions. 4×5=20
1. A ground is in the shape of parallelogram. The height of the parallelogram is 14 m and
corresponding base is 8m danger than its height. Find the cost of levelling the ground at the
rate of `15 per sq. m.
2. If the area of the rhombus is 60 sq. m and one of the diagonals is 8m. Find the length of the
other diagonal.

5-in-1
3. The parallel sides of a trapezium are 23 cm and 12 cm. The distance between the parallel
sides is 9 cm. Find the area of the trapezium.
4. A window is in the form of trapezium whose parallel sides are 105 cm and 50 cm respectively.
and distance between the parallel side is 60cm. Find the cost of glass used to cover the
window at the rate of `15 per 100 sq. cm
5. The area of the parallelogram ABCD is 1470 sq. cm. If AB = 49 cm and AD = 35 cm then
find the height DF and BE.
D C
E
m
35 c

A F 49 cm B

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234 GANGA 7  TERM I
UNIT

ALGEBRA
3
Try These B.P.No. 51
MATHEMATICS

1. Identify the variables and constants among the following terms:

a, 11 − 3x, xy, − 89, −m, − n, 5, 5ab, − 5, 3y, 8pqr,18, − 9t, −1,− 8
Solution:
Variable: a, 11–3x, xy, –m, –n, 5ab, 3y, 8pqr, –9t
Constant: –89, 5, –5, 18, –1, –8
2. Complete the following table:
S.No. Verbal statements Algebraic statements
1. 12 more than x x+12
2. 7 less than m m−7
3. 1 more than product of 2 and p 2p + 1
4. Twice the sum of y and z. 2(y+z)
5. 3 is reduce then product of 2 and k 2k – 3
6. 5 is reduced from the product of x and y xy – 5
Terms and Co-efficients:

Think B.P.No. 53

Can we use the operations multiplication and division to combine terms?

Solution:
Yes, we use the operation multiplication and division to combine terms.

Activity B.P.No. 54

To further strengthen the understanding of variables and constants, let us do the following
activity.
Consider, two baskets of cards. One containing constants and the other containing variables.
Pick a constant from the first basket and a variable from the second basket and form a term
by expressing it as a product. Write all the possible terms that can be constructed using the
given constants and variables.
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GANGA 235

FIRST TERM
− 7a + 100t –23y 9b –7xy 1pb

1xy –7t 100y 9xy –23b 100a

Try This B.P.No. 54

 omplete the following table by forming expressions using the terms given. One is done
C
for you.
Terms Algebraic Expressions
7x, 2y, – 5z 7x –2y 2y – 5z 7x – 5z 7x + 2y – 5z
3p, 4q, 5r 3p–4q 3p+5r 4q+5r 3p+4q+5r
9m, n, – 8k 9m+n 9m–8k n–8k 9m+n–8k
a, - 6b, 3c a–6b a+3c –6b+3c a+6b+3c
12xy, 9x, –y 12xy–9x 12xy–y 9y–y 12xy+9x–y

Example 3.1 B.P.No. 54

Identify the variables, terms and number of terms in each of the following expressions:

5-in-1
(i) 12−x (ii) 7 + 2y (iii) 29+3x+5y (iv) 3x–5+7z
Solution:
S.No. Expressions Variables Terms No. of terms
(i) 12 – x x 12, – x 2
(ii) 7 + 2y y 7, 2y 2
(iii) 29 + 3x + 5y x, y 29, 3x, 5y 3
(iv) 3x – 5 + 7z x, z 3x, – 5, 7z 3

Example 3.2 B.P.No. 55

I dentify Find the numerical co-efficient of the following terms. Also, find the co efficient
of x and y in each of the term: 3x, - 5xy, - yz, 7xyz, y, 16yx.
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236 GANGA 7  TERM I
Solution:
Term Numerical co-efficient Co-efficient of x Co-efficient of y
3x 3 3 Not possible
– 5xy –5 – 5y – 5x
– yz –1 Not possible –z
7xyz 7 7yz 7xz
y 1 Not possible 1
16yx 16 16y 16x
MATHEMATICS

Try This B.P.No. 56

Identify the like terms among the following and group them:
7xy, 19x, 1, 5y, x, 3yx, 15, –13y, 6x, 12xy, −5, 16y, −9x, 15xy, 23, 45y, −8y, 23x, −y, 11.
Solution:
xy terms: 7xy, 3xy, 12xy, 15xy
x terms: 19x, x, 6x, –9x, 23x
y terms: 5y, 16y, 45y, –8y, –y, –13y
Constant: 1, 15, –5, 23, 11

Try This B.P.No. 57

Try to find the value of the following expressions, if p = 5 and q = 6.

i) p + q ii) q − p: iii) 2p + 3q:
Solution: Solution: Solution:
p+q = 5+6 = 11 q–p = 6–5 = 1 2(5)+3(6) = 10+18 = 28
iv) pq − p − q: v) 5pq − 1
Solution: Solution:
pq–p–q = (5)(6) – 5 – 6 5pq–1 = 5(5)(6) – 1
= 30 – 11 = 19 = 150 – 1 = 149

Example 3.3 B.P.No. 57

If x = 3, y = 2 find the value of (i) 4x + 7y (ii) 3x + 2y − 5 (iii) x − y

Solution:
i) 4x + 7y = 4 (3) + 7 (2) = 12 + 14 = 26
ii) 3x + 2y – 5 = 3 (3) + 2 (2) – 5 = 9 + 4 – 5 = 8
iii) x – y = 3 – 2 = 1
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GANGA 237

Example 3.4 B.P.No. 57

FIRST TERM
Find the value of (i) 3m + 2n (ii) 2m − n (iii) mn − 1, given that m = 2, n = − 1.
Solution:
i) 3m + 2n = 3(2) + 2( −1) = 6 −2 = 4
ii) 2m − n = 2(2) − ( −1) = 4 + 1 = 5
iii) mn −1 = (2) ( −1) −1 = −2 −1 = –3

Exercise 3.1 B.P.No. 57

1. Fill in the blanks:

(i) The variable in the expression 16x − 7 is ________. Ans: x
(ii) The constant term of the expression 2y − 6 is _________. Ans: –6
(iii) In the expression 25m + 14n, the type of the terms are ________ terms. Ans: unlike
(iv) The number of terms in the expression 3ab + 4c –9 is ________. Ans: 3
(v) The numerical co-efficient of the term −xy is ________. Ans: –1
2. Say True or False.
(i) x + ( −x) = 0 True
(ii) The co-efficient of ab in the term 15abc is 15. False
(iii) 2pq and − 7qp are like terms True
(iv) When y = −1, the value of the expression 2y − 1 is 3 False
3. F
 ind the numerical coefficient of each of the following terms:
−3yx, 12k, y, 121bc, − x, 9pq, 2ab
Solution:

5-in-1
Term Numerical Coefficient
–3yx –3
12k 12
y 1
121 bc 121
–x –1
9pq 9
2ab 2
4. Write the variables, constants and terms of the following expressions.
(i) 18 + x − y (ii) 7p − 4q + 5 (iii) 29x + 13y (iv) b + 2
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238 GANGA 7  TERM I
Solution:
S.No. Expression Variable Constant Terms
(i) 18 + x – y x, y 18 18, x – y
(ii) 7p – 49 + 5 p, q 5 7p, –49, 5
(iii) 29x + 13y x, y 0 29x, 13y
(iv) b+2 b 2 b, 2
5. Identify the like terms among the following : 7x, 5y, −8x, 12y, 6z, z, −12x, −9y, 11z.
Solution:
MATHEMATICS

x terms → 7x, –8x, –12x

y terms → 5y, 12y, –9y
z terms → 6z, z, 11z
6. If x = 2 and y = 3, then find the value of the following expressions
(i) 2x − 3y (ii) x + y (iii) 4y − x (iv) x + 1 − y
Solution:
i) 2x – 3y = 2(2) – 3(3) ii) x + y = 2+3 = 5
= 4 – 9 = –5
iii) 4y – x = 4(3) – 2 iv) x+1–y = 2+1–3
= 12 – 2 = 10 = 3–3=0

Objective Type Questions

7. A
 n algebraic expressions which is equivalent to the verbal statement “Three times the
sum of x and y” is
i) 3(x + y) ii) 3 + x + y
iii) 3x + y iv) 3 + xy Ans: i) 3(x+y)
8. The numerical co-efficient of −7mn is
i) 7 ii) −7
iii) p iv) −p Ans: ii) –7
9. Choose the pair of like terms
i) 7p, 7x ii) 7r, 7x
iii) −4x, 4 iv) −4x, 7x Ans: iv) –4x, 7x
10. The value of 7a − 4b when a = 3, b = 2 is
i) 21 ii) 13
iii) 8 iv) 32 Ans: ii) 13
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GANGA 239

Try This B.P.No. 59

FIRST TERM
Add the terms: i) 3p, 14p ii) m, 12m, 21m iii) 11abc, 5abc iv) 12y, −y
v) 4x, 2x, − 7x
Solution:
i) 3p + 14p = 17p ii) m+12m+21m = (1+12+21) m = 34m
iii) 11abc + 5abc = (11+5) abc = 16abc iv) 12y + (–y) = (12+(–1)) y = 11y
v) 4x+2x–7x = (4+2–7)x = (–1x) = –x

Example 3.5 B.P.No. 59

Add the expressions: (i) pq −1 and 3pq + 2 (ii) 8x + 3 and 1 − 7x

Solution:
i) (pq − 1) + (3pq + 2) = (pq + 3pq) + ( − 1 + 2)
= (1 + 3)pq + 1
= 4pq + 1
ii) (8x + 3) + (1 − 7x) = 8x + 3 + 1 − 7x
= (8x − 7x) + (3 + 1)
= (8 − 7) x + 4
= x+4

Example 3.6 B.P.No. 60

Subtract: i) 7pq from 11pq ii) – a from a iii) 5x + 7 from 21x + 9

Solution:

5-in-1
i) 11pq – 7pq. Additive inverse of 7pq is − 7pq
11pq + ( − 7pq) = 11pq − 7pq = (11 − 7)pq = 4pq
ii) a – (–a). Additive inverse of −a is a.
So, a + a = 2a
iii) 21x + 9 – (5x + 7). Additive inverse of 5x + 7 is – (5x + 7).
(21x + 9) + [– (5x + 7)] = (21x + 9) – (5x + 7)
= 21x + 9 − 5x − 7
= (21 − 5)x + (9 − 7)
= 16x + 2
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240 GANGA 7  TERM I
Think B.P.No. 60

3x + (y - x) = 3x + y - x. But, 3x - (y - x) ≠ 3x - y - x. Why?
Solution:
3x+(y–x) = 3x+y–x
Additional inverse is subtraction.
then Additiona is equal same equation subtraction is not equal

Example 3.7 B.P.No. 60

MATHEMATICS

Simplify:100x + 99y – 98z + 10x + 10y + 10z – x – y + z

Solution:
In the given algebraic expression, x,y,z are the variables.
Let us group the like terms.
100x + 99y − 98z + 10x + 10y + 10z − x − y + z
= (100x + 10x − x) + (99y + 10y − y) + ( −98z + 10z + z)
= (100 + 10 − 1)x + (99 + 10 − 1)y + ( −98 + 10 + 1)z
= (110 − 1)x + (109 − 1)y + ( −98 + 11)z
= 109x + 108y + ( −87)z
= 109x + 108y − 87z

Example 3.8 B.P.No. 61

i) Add: 3x − 4y + z and 2x − z + 3y ii) Subtract 2x − 5y from 4x + 3y

Solution:
i) (3x − 4y + z) + (2x − z + 3y) Alter: 3x –4y +z
= (3x + 2x) + ( −4y + 3y) + (z − z) (+) 2x +3y –z
= (3 + 2)x + ( −4 + 3)y + (1 − 1)z 5x –y +0
= 5x − 1y + 0z
= 5x − y Alter: 4x +3y
ii) (4x + 3y) − (2x − 5y) (–) +2x –5y
= (4x + 3y) + ( −2x + 5y) (–) (+)
= (4x − 2x) + (3y + 5y) +2x +8y
= (4 − 2)x + (3 + 5)y
= 2x + 8y
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GANGA 241

Think B.P.No. 61

FIRST TERM
What will you get if twice a number is subtracted from thrice the same number?
Solution:
Let a number is x.
its thrice is 3x.
its twice is 2x.
then 3x – 2x = x
∴ twice a number is subtracted from thrice the same number.

Example 3.9 B.P.No. 61

Mani and his friend Mohamed went to a hotel for dinner. Mani had 2 idlies and 2 dosas
whereas Mohamed had 4 idlies and 1 dosa. If the price of each idly and dosa is x and y
respectively, then find the bill amount in x and y.
Solution:
Given that, the price of one idly is ‘x’ rupees and the price of one dosa is ‘y’ rupees
So, Mani’s bill amount: (2 × x) + (2 × y) = (2x + 2y)
Mohamed’s bill amount: (4 × x) + (1 × y) = 4x + y
Therefore, the total bill amount = (2x + 2y) + (4x + y)
= (2 + 4)x + (2 + 1)y = 6x + 3y.

Example 3.10 B.P.No. 62

Rani earns ` 200 on the first day and spends some amount in the evening. She earns
`300 on the second day and spends double the amount as she spents on the first day. She
earns ` 400 on the third day and spends 4 times the amount as she spents on the first

5-in-1
day. Can you give an algebraic expression of the total amount with her, at the end of the
third day.
Solution:
The amount earned on the first day is ` 200.
Let the amount spent on the first day be ` x. Amount with her at the end of the first day
is (200 − x).
Amount earned on the second day is ` 300 and the amount spent on the second day is
`2x. The amount left on the second day is 300 − 2x.
Similarly, the net amount that she would have on the third day is 400 − 4x. Therefore,
the total amount that she would have at the end of three days is (200 − x) + (300 − 2x) + (400
− 4x).
That is, 200 + 300 + 400 + ( − 1 − 2 − 4)x = 900 + ( −7)x
Thus the required algebraic expression is 900 − 7x.
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242 GANGA 7  TERM I
Exercise 3.2 B.P.No. 57
1. Fill in the blanks.
(i) The addition of −7b and 2b is __________. Ans: –5b
(ii) The subtraction of 5m from −3m is __________. Ans: –8m
(iii) The additive inverse of − 37xyz is __________. Ans: 37 xyz
2. Say True or False.
(i) The expressions 8x + 3y and 7x + 2y can not be added. False
(ii) If x is a natural number, then x + 1 is its predecessor. False
MATHEMATICS

(iii) Sum of a – b + c and –a + b – c is zero. True

3. Add: (i) 8x, 3x (ii) 7mn, 5mn (iii) −9y, 11y, 2y
Solution:
i) 8x, 3x = (8+3) x = 11x
ii) 7mn + 5mn = (7+5) mn = 12 mn
iii) (–9y + 11y + 2y) = (–9+11+2) y = 4y
4. Subtract:
(i) 4k from 12k (ii) 15q from 25q (iii) 7xyz from 17xyz.
Solution:
i) 12k – 4k = (12 – 4) k = 8k
ii) 25q – 15q = (25 –15) q = 10q
iii) (17xyz – 7 xyz) = (17 – 7) xyz = 10xyz
5. Find the sum of the following expressions
(i) 7p + 6q, 5p − q, q + 16p
Solution:
(7p+6q) + (5p – q) + (9+16p) = (7p+5p+16p) + (6q–q+q)
= (7+5+16) p + (6–1+1) q
= 28p + 6q
(ii) a + 5b + 7c, 2a + 10b + 9c
Solution:
(a+5b+7c) + (2a+10b+9c) = (a+2a) + (5b+10b) + (7c+9c)
= (1+2) a + (5+10 b + (7+9 c
= 3a + 15b + 16c
(iii) mn + t, 2mn − 2t, − 3t + 3mn
Solution:
(mn+t) + (2mn – 2t) + (–3t+3mn) = (mn+2mn+3mn) + (t–2t–3t)
= (1+2+3) mn + (1–2–3) t
= 6mn – 4t
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GANGA 243

(iv) u + v, u − v, 2u + 5v, 2u − 5v.

FIRST TERM
Solution:
(u+v) + (u–v) + (2u+5v) + (2u – 5v) = (u+u+2u+2u) + (v–v+5v–5v)
= (1+1+2+2)u + (1–1+5–5) v
= 6u + 0v
= 6u
(v) 5xyz − 3xy, 3zxy − 5yx
Solution:
(5xyz – 3xy) + (2zxy – 5yx) = (5xyz + 3xyz) + (–3xy – 5xy)
= (5+3) xyz + (–3–5) xy
= 8xyz – 8xy
6. Subtract
(i) 3x + 12y − 5 from 27x + 5y − 43
Solution:
(27x+5y–43) – (13x+12y –5) = (27x + 5y – 43) + (–13x – 12y + 5)
= (27x – 13x) + (5y – 12y) + (–43 + 5)
= (27 – 13) x + (5 – 12) y + (–43 + 5)
= 14x – 7y – 38
(ii) 3p + 5 from p − 2q + 7
Solution:
(p – 2q + 7) – (3p + 5) = (p – 2q + 7) + (–3p – 5)
= (p – 3p) + (–2q) + (7 – 5)

5-in-1
= (1 – 3) p + (–2q) + (2)
= –2p – 2q + 2
(iii) m + n from 3m − 7n.
Solution:
(3m – 7n) – (m+n) = (3m – 7n) + (–m – n)
= (3m – m) + (–7n – n)
= (3 – 1) m + (–7 – 1) n
= 2m + (–8) n
= 2m + (–8) n
= 2m – 8n
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244 GANGA 7  TERM I
(iv) 2y + z from 6z − 5y.
Solution:
(6z – 5y) – (2y+z) = (6z – 5y) + (–z – 2y)
= (6z – z) + (–5y – 2y)
= 5z + (–7y)
= 5z – 7y
7. Simplify
(i) (x + y − z) + (3x − 5y + 7z) − (14x + 7y − 6z)
MATHEMATICS

Solution:
(x+y–z) +(3x–5y+7z) – (14x+7y–6z) = (x+y–z) +(3x–5y+7z) + (–14x–7y+6z)
= (x+3x–14x) + (y–5y–7y) + (–z+7z+6z)
= (1+3–14) x + (1–5–7) y + (–1+7+6) z
= –10x + (–11)y + (12) z
= –10x – 11y + 12z
(ii) p + p + 2 + p + 3 − p − 4 − p − 5 + p + 10
Solution:
p + p + 2 + p + 3 – p – 4 –p – 5 + p + 10 = (p+p+p–p–p+p) + (2+3–4–5+10)
= (4p – 2p) + (15 – 9)
= (4 – 2) p + 6
= 2p + 6
(iii) n + (m + 1) + (n + 2) + (m + 3) + (n + 4) + (m + 5)
Solution:
n+m+1+n+2+m+3+n+4+m+5 = (n+n+n) + (m+m+m) + (1+2+3+4+5)
= (1+1+1) n +(1+1+1) m + 15
= 3n + 3m + 15

Objective Type Questions

8. The addition of 3mn, −5mn, 8mn and −4mn is

i) mn ii) −mn iii) 2mn iv) 3mn Ans: iii) 2mn
9. When we subtract ‘a’ from ‘– a’, we get _______.
i) 0 ii) 2a iii) −2a iv) −a Ans: ii) 2a
10. In an expression, we can add or subtract only…
i) Like terms ii) Unlike terms iii) All terms iv) None of the above
Ans: i) Like terms
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GANGA 245

Simple linear equations:

FIRST TERM
Try These B.P.No. 65

Try to construct algebraic equations for the following verbal statements.

1. One third of a number plus 6 is 10
2. The sum of five times of x and 3 is 28.
3. Taking away 8 from y gives 11.
4. Perimeter of a square with side a is 16cm.
5. Venkat’s mother’s age is 7 years more than 3 times Venkat’s age. His mother’s age
is 43 years.
Solution:
x
1. + 6 = 10 2. 5x+3 = 28 3. y – 8 = 11 4. 4a = 16
3
5. Let Venkat’s age is x. Then 3x+7 = 43

Think B.P.No. 65

Why should we subtract 5 and not some other number? Why don’t we add 5 on both
sides? Discuss.
Solution:
In example x+5 = 12
x+x–x = 12–5
x = 7
In same times x+5+5 = 12+5
x+10 = 17
x = 17–10 = 7

5-in-1
x = 7 same answer
We add 5 on both sides we get same answer.

Try This B.P.No. 65

If the dogs, cats and parrots represent unknowns, find them. Substitute each of the
values so obtained in the equations and verify the answers.
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246 GANGA 7  TERM I
Solution:

1 dog + 1 dog + 1 dog = 24 1 dog + 1 cat + 1 cat = 14

3 dog = 24 1 dog + 2 cat = 14
3 dog 24 8 + 2 cat = 14
=
3 3 8+2cat –8 = 14–8
1 dog = 8
2 cat = 6
2 cat 6
=
2 2
MATHEMATICS

1 cat = 3
1 dog + 1cat + 1 parrot = 9 1 dog + 1 cat + 1 parrot = ?
8 + 3 – 1 parrot = 9 8 + 3 + 2 = 13
11 – 1 parrot = 9
11 – 1 parrot – 11 = 9–11
–1 parrot = –2
1 parrot = 2

Example 3.11 B.P.No. 66

Find two consecutive natural numbers whose sum is 75.

Solution:
The numbers are natural and consecutive. Let the numbers be x and x + 1.
Given that,
x + (x + 1) = 75
2x + 1 = 75
2x + 1 − 1 = 75 − 1 [Subtract 1 on both sides]
2x + 0 = 74
2x
= 74 [Divide by 2 on both sides]
2 2
x = 37 and x + 1 = 38
Therefore, the required numbers are 37 and 38.

Example 3.12 B.P.No. 66

 person has ` 960 in denominations of `1, `5 and `10 notes. The number of notes in
A
each denomination is equal. What is the total number of notes?
Solution:
Let the number of notes in each denomination be x.
Then x + 5x + 10x = 960
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GANGA 247

(1 + 5 + 10) x = 960

FIRST TERM
16 x = 960
Divide by 16 on both the sides,
16x = 960
16 16
Therefore, x = 60
Thus, the number of notes in each denomination is 60.

Example 3.13 B.P.No. 67

I n an examination, a student scores 4 marks for every correct answer and loses one
mark for every wrong answer. If he answers 60 questions in all and gets 130 marks, find
the number of questions he answered correctly.
Solution:
Let the number of correct answers be x
Thus the number of wrong answers = 60 − x
Then, 4x − 1 (60 − x) = 130
4x − 60 + x = 130
4x + x − 60 + 60 = 130 + 60 [Add 60 on both sides]
5x + 0 = 190
5x = 190
Divide by 5 on both the sides,
5x = 190
5 5
x = 38
Hence, the number of correct answer is 38.

5-in-1
Example 3.14 B.P.No. 67

I n an ex A school bus starts with full strength of 60 students. It drops some students at
the first bus stop. At the second bus stop, twice the number of students get down from
the bus. 6 students get down at the third bus stop and the number of students remaining
in the bus is only 3. How many students got down at the first stop?
Solution:
Since we do not know the number of students who get down at the first stop, let us take the
number as x. The number of students get down at the second bus stop is 2x.
x + 2x +6+3 = 60
(1 + 2) x + 9 = 60
3x + 9 = 60
3x + 9 – 9 = 60 − 9 [Subtract 9 on both sides]
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248 GANGA 7  TERM I
3x = 51
33x = 513 [Divide by 3 on both sides]
Therefore, x = 17.
Thus, the number of students got down in the first bus stop is 17.

Example 3.15 B.P.No. 68

A cricket team won two matches more than they lost. If they win they get 5 points and
for loss − 3 points, how many matches have they played if their total score is 50.
Solution:
MATHEMATICS

Let the number of matches lost = x.

Then number of matches won = x + 2.
Given that, 5(x + 2) + ( − 3)x = 50
5x + 10 − 3x = 50
2x + 10 = 50
2x + 10 − 10 = 50 − 10 (Subtract 10 on both sides)
2x = 40
Divide by 2 on both the sides, x = 20
Therefore, the number of
matches played is x + x + 2 = 2x + 2
= (2 × 20) + 2
= 40 + 2
= 42

Try This B.P.No. 68

Kandhan and Kavya are friends. Both of them are having some pens.
Kandhan : If you give me one pen, then we will have equal number of pens. Will you?
Kavya : But, if you give me one of your pens, then mine will become twice as yours.
Will you?
Construct algebraic equations for this situation. Can you guess and find the actual
number of pens, they have?
Solution:
Let n be the number of pens in Kandhan.
Let m be the number of pens in Kavya.
Kandhan said Kavya if you give me one pen, we will have equal number of pens.
then n+1 = m–1 ––––––––– (1)
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GANGA 249

Kavya said Kandhan if you give me one pen, then mine become twice as yours.

FIRST TERM
then n – 1 = 2(n–1) ––––––––(2)
Number of Kandhan’s pens = 5 (n = 5)
Number of Kavya’s pens = 7 (m = 7)

Exercise 3.3 B.P.No. 68

1. Fill in the blanks.

(i) An expression equated to another expression is called __________ Ans: equation
(ii) If a = 5, the value of 2a + 5 is __________ Ans: 15
(iii) The sum of twice and four times of the variable x is __________ Ans: 6x
2. Say True or False.
(i) Every algebraic expression is an equation False
(ii) The expression 7x + 1 can not be reduced without knowing the value of x. True
(iii) To add two like terms, its coefficients can be added. True
3. Solve:
(i) x + 5 = 8 (ii) p − 3 = 7 (iii) 2x = 30 (iv) m = 5 (v) 7x + 10 = 80
6
Solution:
i) x+5 = 8 ii) p–3 = 7 iii) 2x = 30
2x 30
x+5–5 = 8–5 p–3+3 = 7+3 =
2 2
x = 3 p = 10 x = 15

m v) 7x+10 = 80
iv) = 5
m 6 7x + 10 – 10 = 80 – 10
× 6 = 5×6

5-in-1
6 7x = 70
m = 30 7x 70
=
7 7
x = 10
4. What should be added to 3x + 6y to get 5x + 8y?
Solution:
Let p be the added number.
(3x+6y) + p = 5x+8y
p = (5x+8y) – (3x+6y)
p = (5x+8y) + (–3x–6y)
p = (5x – 3x) + (8y – 6y)
p = 2x + 2y
We should added 2x + 2y
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250 GANGA 7  TERM I
5. Nine added to thrice a whole number gives 45. Find the number.
Solution:
Let the whole number be x.
Then 9+3x = 45
3x = 45 – 9
3x = 36
x = 36
3
x = 12
Then the number is 12.
MATHEMATICS

6. Find two consecutive odd numbers whose sum is 200.

Solution:
The numbers are odd and consecutive.
Let the number be x and x+2.
x+(x+2) = 200
2x+2 = 200
2x = 200 – 2
2x = 198
x = 198 = 99
2
x = 99, x+2 = 99 + 2 = 101
Then the two consecutive numbers are 99 and 101.
7. T
 he taxi charges in a city comprise of a fixed charge of `100 for 5 kms and `16 per km
for every additional km. If the amount paid at the end of the trip was `740 find the
distance travelled.
Solution:
Let the distance be x.
fixed charge `100 for 5km = 100
Given that
5x + 16x = 740
100 + 16x = 740
16x = 740 – 100
16x = 640
x = 640
16
x = 40 km
Total distance = 40 km + 5km
= 45 km
The distance travelled 45 km.
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GANGA 251

Objective Type Questions

FIRST TERM
8. The generalization of the number pattern 3, 6, 9, 12,… is
i) n ii) 2n iii) 3n iv) 4n Ans: iii) 3n
9. The solution of 3x + 5 = x + 9 is
i) 2 ii) 3 iii) 5 iv) 4 Ans: i) 2
10. The equation y + 1 = 0 is true only when y is
i) 0 ii) − 1 iii) 1 iv) − 2 Ans: ii) –1

Exercise 3.4 B.P.No. 69

Miscellaneous Practice Problems

1. Subtract −3ab −8 from 3ab + 8. Also, subtract 3ab + 8 from −3ab −8.
Solution:
(3ab + 8) – (–3ab – 8) = (3ab+8) + (3ab+8) (–3ab–8) – (3ab+8)
= (3ab+3ab) + (8+8) = –3ab –8 – 3ab –8
= (3+3) ab + 16 = –6ab – 16
= 6ab + 16
2. Find the perimeter of a triangle whose sides are x + 3y, 2x + y, x − y.
Solution:
Perimeter of triangle = sum of the sides of triangle
= (x+3y) + (2x+ y) + (x – y)

5-in-1
= (x+2x+x) + (3y+y–y)
= (1+2+1) x + (3+1–1) y
= 4x + 3y
Perimeter of triangle is (4x+3y)
3. Thrice a number when increased by 5 gives 44. Find the number.
Solution:
Let the number be x.
Given 3x+5 = 44
3x = 44 – 5
3x = 39
x = 39
3
x = 13
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252 GANGA 7  TERM I
4. How much smaller is 2ab + 4b − c than 5ab − 3b + 2c
Solution:
(5ab – 3b + 2c) – (2ab + 4b – c) = (5ab–3b+2c) + (–2ab–4b+c)
= (5ab–2ab) + (–3b – 4b) + (2c+c)
= 3ab + (–7b) + 3c
= 3ab – 7b + 3c
5. Six times a number subtracted from 40 gives −8. Find the number.
Let the number be x.
MATHEMATICS

Given that
40 – 6x = –8
–6x = –8 – 40
–6x = –48
x = –48
–6
x = 8
The number is 8.

Challenge Problems

6. F
 rom the sum of 5x + 7y − 12 and 3x − 5y + 2, subtract the sum of 2x − 7y − 1 and
−6x + 3y + 9.
Solution:
Sum of (5x+7y–12) and (3x–5y+2)
(5x+7y–12) +(3x–5y+2) = (5x+3x) + (7y –5y) + (–12+2)
= 8x + 2y – 10
(2x–7y–1) +(–6x+3y+9) = (2x–6x) + (–7y +3y) + (–1+9)
= –4x – 4y + 8
Then
(8x+2y–10) – (–4x–4y+8) = (8x+2y–10) + (4x +4y–8)
= (8x–4x) + (2y + 4y) + (–10 – 8)
= 12x + 6y – 18
7. Find the expression to be added with 5a − 3b + 2c to get a − 4b − 2c?
Solution:
Let Added number be p.
(5a–3b+2c) + p = a – 4b – 2c
p = (a – 4b – 2c) – (5a – 3b + 2c)
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GANGA 253

= (a – 4b – 2c) + (–5a + 3b – 2c)

FIRST TERM
= (a – 5a) + (–4b + 3b) + (–2c – 2c)
= –4a + (–b) + (–4c)
= –4a – b – 4c
Added with (–4a–b–4c)
8. What should be subtracted from 2m + 8n + 10 to get −3m + 7n + 16?
Solution:
Let p be the subtracted number
(2m + 8n +10) – p = –3m + 7n + 16
–p = (–3m+7n+16) – (2m+8n+10)
–p = (–3m+7n+16) + (–2m–8n–10)
= (–3m –2m) + (7n – 8n) + (16 – 10)
= (–5m) + (–n) + (6)
–p = –5m – n + 6
p = 5m + n – 6
subtracted number is (5m+n–6)
9. Give an algebraic equation for the following statement:
“ The difference between the area and perimeter of a rectangle is 20”
Solution:
In rectangle length = l, breadth = b.
Area of rectangle = lb
Perimeter of rectangle = 2(l+b)

5-in-1
The difference between the area and perimeter of rectangle is 20.
i.e lb – 2(l+b) = 20
10. Add: 2a + b + 3c and a + 1 b + 2 c
3 5
Solution:
1 2 1 2
(2a+b+3c) + (a + b + c) = (2a+a) + (b+ b) + (3c + c)
3 5 3 5
1 2
= (2+1)a + (1+ ) b + (3+ ) c
3 5
3+1 15+2
= 3a + ( )b + ( )c
3 5
4 17
= 3a + b+ c
3 5


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254 GANGA 7  TERM I
Unit Test
Time: 30 mins. 3. Algebra Marks: 20

I. Fill in the blanks. 4×1=4

1. If a = 5 the value of 2a+5 is ___________.
2. Sum of a–b+c and –a+b–c is ___________.
3. Additive inverse of –37xyz is ___________.
4. The numerical coefficient of –7mn is ___________.
MATHEMATICS

II. Answer all the questions. 4×2=8

5. If x = 3, y = 2 find 4x + 7y.
6. Add 3x – 4y + z and 2x – z + 3y.
7. Subtract 5x + 7 from 21x + 9.
8. Simplify: (x+y–z) + (3x–5y+7z) – (14x+7y–6z).
III. Answer all the questions. 2×4=8
9. The taxi charges in a city comprise of a fixed charge of `100 for 5 km and `16 per km for
every additional km. If the amount paid at the end of the trip was `740. Find the distance
travelled.
10. In an examination a student score 4 mark for every correct answer and loses one mark for
every wrong answer. If he answer 60 question in all and get 130 marks. Find the number of
questions he answered correctly.


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GANGA 255

UNIT

FIRST TERM
Direct and Inverse Proportion
4
Ratio and Proportion:

Try These B.P.No. 72

1. Find the ratio of the number of circles to number of squares.

Ans: 4 : 6
2. Find the ratio (i) 555 g to 5 kg (ii) 21 km to 175 m
Solution:
i) 555g : 5kg = 555g : 5000g
= 111 : 1000
ii) 21 km : 175 m = 21000 m : 175 m
= 4200 : 35
= 840 : 35
= 120 : 1
3. Find the value of ‘x’ in the following proportions.

5-in-1
(i) 110 : x : : 8 : 88 (ii) x : 26 : : 5 : 65
Solution:

i) a : b : : c : d then bc = ad ii) x : 26 : : 5 × 65
x×8 = 110 × 88 26×5 = x×65
110 ´ 88 26 ´ 5
x = = 1210 x = =2
8 65

Try This B.P.No. 74

Observe the following 5 squares of different sides given in the graph sheet.
The measures of the sides are recorded in the table given below. Find the corresponding
perimeter and the ratios of each of these with the sides given and complete the table.
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256 GANGA 7  TERM I
MATHEMATICS

Side of the square (x) in cm 2 3 4 5 6

Perimeter of the square (y) in cm 8 12 16 20 24

x 2 3 4 5 6
y 8 12 16 20 24
From the information so obtained state whether the side of a square is in direct proportion to
the perimeter of the square
Ans: In the table square of sides and perimeter is direct proportion.

Think B.P.No. 75

 hen a fixed amount is deposited for a fixed rate of interest, the simple interest changes
W
propotionaly with the number of years, it is being deposited. Can you find any other
examples of such kind.
Solution:
 If the rent of house is `5000 then increasing month the total rent will be increasing. In
month increasing the amount will increase. It is direct proportion
 The rate of one notebook is `20. In 5 such note book is `100. that is increase number of
note book the rate will be increase. It is direct proportion.

Example 4.1 B.P.No. 75

I f 6 children shared 24 pencils equally, then how many pencils are required for 18
children?
Solution:
Let x be the number of pencils required for 18 children. As the number of children increases,
number of pencils also increases.
Number of Children 6 18
Number of Pencils 24 x
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In the case of direct proportion

FIRST TERM
x1 x
we take = 2
y1 y2
6 18
=
24 x
6 ´ x = 18
24
18 ´ 24
x = = 72
6
Hence, 72 pencils are required for 18 children.

Example 4.2 B.P.No. 75

I f 15 chart papers together weigh 50 grams, how many of the same type will be there in
a pack of 2 1 kilogram?
2
Solution:
Let x be the required number of charts.
Number of chart papers 15 x
Weight in grams 50 2500
As weight increases, the number of charts also increases. So the quantities are in direct
proportion.
x1 x
Hence = 2
y1 y2
15 x
=
50 2500
15 × 2500 = x × 50

5-in-1
x × 50 = 15 × 2500
15 ´ 2500
x = = 750
50
1
Therefore, 750 charts will weigh 2 kilogram.
2
Example 4.3 B.P.No. 76

Anbu bought 2 notebooks for ` 24. How much money will be needed to buy 9 such
notebooks?
Solution:
Using unitary method we can solve this as follows:
The cost of 2 notebooks = `24
24
The cost of 1 notebook = = `12
2
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258 GANGA 7  TERM I
Therefore, the cost of 9 notebooks = 9 × `12
= `108
Hence, Anbu has to pay `108 for 9 notebooks.

Example 4.4 B.P.No. 76

A car travels 90km in 2hours 30minutes. How much time is required to cover 210km?
Solution:
Time taken to cover 90 km = 2hrs 30mins
MATHEMATICS

= 150 minutes
150
Time taken to cover 1 km = minutes.
90
150
Time taken to cover 210 km = × 210 minutes
90
= 350 minutes
= 5 hours 50 minutes
Thus, the time taken to travel 210 km is 5 hours 50 minutes

Exercise 4.1 B.P.No. 76

1. Fill in the blanks.

(i) If the cost of 8 apples is ` 56 then the cost of 12 apples is ________. Ans: `84
31
(ii) If the weight of one fruit box is kg, then the weight of 6 such boxes is ______.
2
 Ans: 21 kg
(iii) A car travels 60 km with 3 liters of petrol. If the car has to cover the distance of 200 km,
it requires _______ liters of petrol. Ans: 10 l
(iv) If 7 m cloth costs ` 294, then the cost of 5 m of cloth is ______. Ans: `210
(v) I f a machine in a cool drinks factory fills 600 bottles in 5 hrs, then it will fill ______
bottles in 3 hours. Ans: 360
2. Say True or False.
(i) Distance travelled by a bus and time taken are in direct proportion. True
(ii) Expenditure of a family to number of members of the family are in direct proportion.
 True
(iii) Number of students in a hostel and consumption of food are not in direct proportion.
 False
(iv) If Mallika walks 1 km in 20 minutes, then she can cover 3 km in 1 hour. True
(v) If 12 men can dig a pond in 8 days, then 18 men can dig it in 6 days. False
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3. A dozen bananas costs ` 20. What is the price of 48 bananas?

FIRST TERM
Solution:
The cost of 1 dozen banana = `20 1 dozen = 12 banana
The cost of 4 dozen bananas = 4 × `20 48 banana = 4 dozen
= `80
The price of 48 banana is `80
4. A group of 21 students paid ` 840 as the entry fee for a magic show. How many students
entered the magic show if the total amount paid was ` 1,680?
Solution:
Let x be the number of students.
Number of Student 21 x
Fees (`) 840 1680
As fees increased, the number of students also increased. It is direct proportion.
x1
Hence =
y1
21 840
=
x 1680
21 × 1680 = 840 × x
x = 1680 ´ 21
840
x = 42
Thus 42 students paid `1680
5. A
 birthday party is arranged in third floor of a hotel. 120 people take 8 trips in a lift to
go to the party hall. If 12 trips were made how many people would have attended the

5-in-1
party?
Solution:
Let x be peoples.
Number of People 120 x
Trip in lift 8 12
Trip in lift is increase, then people is increase.
It is direct proportion.
x1 x2
Hence =
y1 y2

120 8
=
x 12
12 × 120 = 8 × x
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260 GANGA 7  TERM I
12 ´ 120
x = = 180
8
180 people have attend the party.
6. The shadow of a pole with the height of 8 m is 6m. If the shadow of another pole
measured at the same time is 30m, find the height of the pole?
Solution:
Let x be the height of the pole.
Height of pole 8 x
MATHEMATICS

Shadow of pole 6 30
Shadow of pole is increases. then height of pole increases.
It is direct proportion.
x1 x2
=
y1 y2
8 x
=
6 30
8 ´ 30
x =
6
x = 40 m
40 m height of the pole.
7. A postman can sort out 738 letters in 6 hours. How many letters can be sorted in 9
hours?
Solution:
A postman sorted 6 hours = 738 letter
738
A postman sorted 1 hour =
6
= 123 letter
Therefore sorted in 9 hours = 123 × 9
= 1107 letters
Thus 1107 letter can be sorted in 9 hours.
1
8. If half a meter of cloth costs ` 15. Find the cost of 8 meters of the same cloth.
3
Solution:
Let x be the cost of cloth.
Cost of Cloth (`) 15 x

1 81
Cloth (meter)
2 3
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GANGA 261

Cloth is increase, then the cost of cloth is increase.

FIRST TERM
It is direct proportion.
x1 x2
=
y1 y2
15 x
=
1 1
8
2 3
2 3
15 ´ = x´
1 25
3
x´ = 15 × 2
25
x = 15 ´ 2 ´ 25
3
= 250
`250 of 8 1 meter of cloth.
3
9. The weight of 72 books is 9kg. what is the weight of 40 such books? (using unitary
method)
Solution:
The weight of 72 books = 9 kg
= (9×1000) g
= 9000 g
9000
The weight of 1 book =
72
= 125 g

5-in-1
The wight of 40 books = 125 × 40
= 5000 g
5000
= kg
1000
= 5 kg
5 kg of 40 books
10. Thamarai pays ` 7500 as rent for 3 months. With the same rate how much does she
have to pay for 1 year? (using unitary method).
Solution:
Rent for 3 months
= `7500
7500
Rent for 1 month = `
3
= `2500
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262 GANGA 7  TERM I
[1 year = 12 months]
Rent for 12 months = `2500 × 12
= `30,000
`30,000 for 1 year rent.
11. I f 30 men can reap a field in 15 days, then in how many days can 20 men reap the same
field? (using unitary method)
Solution:
Reap a field 30 men = 15 days
MATHEMATICS

15 1
Reap a field 1 man = = days
30 2
1
Reap a field 20 men = × 20 = 10 days
2
10 days reap a field in 20 men.
12. Valli buys 10 pens for ` 180 and Kamala buys 8 pens for ` 96. Can you say who bought
the pen cheaper? (using unitary method)
Solution:
Valli:
Rate of 10 pens = 180
180
Rate of 1 pen = = `18
10
Kamala:
Rate of 8 pens = 96
96
Rate of 1 pen = = `12
8
13. A motorbike requires 2 litres of petrol to cover 100 kilometers. How many litres of
petrol will be required to cover 250 kilometers? (using unitary method).
Solution:
2 litre of petrol = 100 km
100
1 litre of petrol = = 50 km
2
250
Petrol required 250 km = km = 5l
50
5 litre petrol required to cover 250 km.

Objective Type Questions

14. If the cost of 3 books is `90, then find the cost of 12 books.
i) ` 300 ii) ` 320 iii) ` 360 iv) ` 400 Ans: ii) `320
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15. If Mani buys 5kg of potatoes for ` 75 then he can buy ______kg of potatoes for ` 105.

FIRST TERM
i) 6 ii) 7 iii) 8 iv) 5 Ans: ii) 7
16. 35 cycles were produced in 5 days by a company then______ cycles will be produced in
21 days.
i) 150 ii) 70 iii) 100 iv) 147 Ans: iv) 147
17. An aircraft can accommodate 280 people in 2 trips. It can take ______trips to take 1400
people.
i) 8 ii) 10 iii) 9 iv) 12 Ans: ii) 10
18. S
 uppose 3 kg. of sugar is used to prepare sweets for 50 members, then ____ kg. of sugar
is required for 150 members.
i) 9 ii) 10 iii) 15 iv) 6 Ans: i) 9
Inverse Proportion:
Think B.P.No. 78

Think of an example in real life where two variables are inversely proportional.
Solution:
If 48 men working 7 hours a day, then 28 men working 8 hours the same work.
Number of men less, then number of hours is more. Then it is inversely proportional.

Try These B.P.No. 78

1. Complete the table given below and find the type of proportion.
No. of chocolates 1 2 3 4 5 6
1:5 proportion
Price in rupees (`) 5 10 15 20 25 30

No. of workers 1 2 4 5 10 20 ___

5-in-1
1:20 proportion
Time in hours 20 10 5 4 2 1 ___
2. Read the following examples and group them in two categories
S. No. Quantities Direct proportion Inverse proportion
1. Number of note books purchased
and its cost. 
2. Food shared by number of students
to the fixed quantity of food. 
3. Number of boxes of same size and
their weight 
4. Number of uniforms to the number
of students. 
5. Speed of a vehicle and the time taken
to cover the fixed distance 
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264 GANGA 7  TERM I
Activity B.P.No. 79

Form all possible rectangles with area 36 sq.cm by completing the following table.
Length 36 18 12 9
Breadth 1 2 3 4
Observe and answer the following
(i) When length decreases, the breadth increasing
(ii) When breadth increases, the length decreasing
(iii) If the length is 8 cm what will be the breadth? -Discuss.
MATHEMATICS

Extend this activity and try the same with area 24 and 48 sq.units.

Example 4.5 B.P.No. 79

60 workers can spin a bale of cotton in 7 days. In how many days will 42 workers spin
it?
Solution:
Let x be the required number of days. The decrease in number of workers lead to the increase
in number of days. (Therefore, both are in inverse proportion)
Number of workers 60 42
Number of days 7 x
For inverse proportion x1y1 = x2y2
Hence 60 × 7 = 42 × x
42 × x = 60 × 7
60 ´ 7
x =
42
x = 10
In 10 days 42 workers can spin a bale of cotton.

Example 4.6 B.P.No. 79

The cost of 1 box of tomato is ` 200. Vendan had money to buy 13 boxes. If the cost of
the box is increased to ` 260 then how many boxes will he buy with the same amount?
Solution:
The cost of one box = ` 200
Increased cost of one box = ` 260
Let x be the number of boxes bought by Vendan.
As cost of boxes increases the number of boxes decreases.
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Number of boxes 13 x

FIRST TERM
Cost in ` 200 260
This is in inverse proportion. Therefore, x1y1 = x2y2
13 × 200 = x × 260
x × 260 = 13 × 200
13 ´ 200
x =
260
x = 10
Therefore, he can buy 10 boxes for the same amount.

Exercise 4.2 B.P.No. 76

1. Fill in the blanks.

(i) 1 6 taps can fill a petrol tank in 18 minutes. The time taken for 9 taps to fill the same tank
will be _______ minutes. Ans: 32
(ii) If 40 workers can do a project work in 8 days, then_______ workers can do it in 4 days.
 Ans: 80
2. 6 pumps are required to fill a water sump in 1 hr 30 minutes. What will be the time
taken to fill the sump if one pump is switched off?
Solution:
Let x be the time taken to fill the sump.
pump 6 5
time taken 1hr 30 min x
Pump is decrease the time is increase.

5-in-1
It is inverse proportion.
1hr = 60 min
x1y1 = x2y2 1hr 30 min = 60+30
6 × 90 = 5 × x = 90 min
5 × x = 6 × 90
6 ´ 90
x =
5
x = 108 min
= 60 + 48
= 1 hr 48 min
5 pumps fill a water sump in 1hr 48 minutes.
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3. A
 farmer has enough food for 144 ducks for 28 days. If he sells 32 ducks, how long will
the food last?
Solution:
Duck is decreasing food will increases.
It is inverse proportion.
Number of Ducks 144 112
Number of Days 28 x
x1y1 = x2y2
MATHEMATICS

144 × 28 = 112 × x
144 ´ 28
x =
112
= 36 days
The food will 36 days.
4. It takes 60 days for 10 machines to dig a hole. Assuming that all machines work at the
same speed, how long will it take 30 machines to dig the same hole?
Solution:
Let x be the number of days.
Increase number of machine, number of days decrease.
It is inverse proportion.
Number of Ducks 60 x
Number of Machine 10 30
x1y1 = x2y2
60 × 10 = x × 30
x × 30 = 60 × 10
60 ´ 10
x = = 20
30
20 days dig a hole in 30 machine
5. Forty students stay in a hostel. They had food stock for 30 days. If the students are
doubled then for how many days the stock will last?
Solution:
Students increase, food decreases.
It is inverse proportion.
Number of Students 40 80
Number of Days 30 x
x1y1 = x2y2
40 × 30 = 80 × x
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80 × x = 40 × 30

FIRST TERM
40 ´ 30
x =
80
x = 15 days
15 days the stock will last.
6. Meena had enough money to send 8 parcels each weighing 500 grams through a courier
service. What would be the weight of each parcel, if she has to send 40 parcels for the
same money?
Solution:
The weight of one parcel = 500 gram
The weight of 8 parcel = 8 × 500
= 4000 gram
Cost of 8 parcel = Cost of 40 parcel
4000 grams = 40 parcel
1 parcel = 4000 gm
40
= 100 gms
The weight of each parcel is 100 gram.
7. It takes 120 minutes to weed a garden with 6 gardeners If the same work is to be done
in 30 minutes, how many more gardeners are needed?
Solution:
Let x be the number of gardeners.
Time decreasing, then gardeners is increasing.
it is inverse proportion.
Time (min) 120 30

5-in-1
Number of Gardeners 6 x
x1y1 = x2y2
120 × 6 = 30 × x
120 ´ 6
x =
30
x = 24
Then 24 more gardeners are needed.
8. Neelaveni goes by bi-cycle to her school every day. Her average speed is 12km/hr and
she reaches school in 20 minutes. What is the increase in speed, if she reaches the school
in 15 minutes?
Solution:
Let x be the speed.
Time is decreases, then the speed is increase.
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268 GANGA 7  TERM I
Speed (km/hr) 12 x
Time 20 15
x1y1 = x2y2
12 × 20 = x × 15
12 ´ 20
x =
15
= 16 km/hr
Increasing in speed = 16 – 12 = 4 km/hr
4 km/hr increase in speed she reach the school in 15 minutes.
MATHEMATICS

9. A toy company requires 36 machines to produce car toys in 54 days. How many machines
would be required to produce the same number of car toys in 81 days?
Solution:
Increasing days, then machine is decreases.
It is inverse proportion.
Let x be number of machine.
Number of machine 36 x
Number of Days 54 81
x1y1 = x2y2
36 × 54 = x × 81
36 ´ 54
x =
81
= 24
24 machine work 81 days.

Objective Type Questions

10. 1 2 cows can graze a field for 10 days. 20 cows can graze the same field for_________
days.
i) 15 ii) 18 iii) 6 iv) 8 Ans: iii) 6
11. 4 typists are employed to complete a work in 12 days. If two more typists are added,
they will finish the same work in _________ days.
i) 7 ii) 8 iii) 9 iv) 10 Ans: ii) 8

Exercise 4.3 B.P.No. 81

Miscellaneous Practice Problems

1. If the cost of 7kg of onions is ` 84 find the following:

(i) Weight of the onions bought for ` 180 (ii) The cost of 3 kg of onions
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Solution:

FIRST TERM
i) Let x be the weight of onion. The cost of onion is increasing, then weight of onion is
increasing.
It is direct proportion.
Weight (kg) 7 x
Cost (Rs.) 84 180
x1 x2
=
y1 y2
7 x
=
84 180
7 × 180 = x × 84
7 ´ 180
x = = 15
84
15 kg of the onion bought for `180.
ii) Let x be the weight of onion. The cost of onion is increasing, then weight of onion is
increasing.
It is direct proportion.
Weight (kg) 7 3
Cost (Rs.) 84 x
x1 x2
=
y1 y2
7 3
=
84 x
7 × x = 3 × 84

5-in-1
3 ´ 84
x =
7
x = 36
`36 of 3 kg of onions.
2. I f C =kd, (i) what is the relation between C and d? (ii) find k when C = 30 and d = 6
(iii) find C, when d = 10.
Solution:
If C = kd
i) Relation between c and d is direct proportion.
ii) C = kd C = 30, d = 6
30 = k(6)
30
k =
6
k = 5
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270 GANGA 7  TERM I
iii) C = kd d = 10 and k = 5
C = 5(10)
C = 50
3. Every 3 months Tamilselvan deposits ` 5000 as savings in his bank account. In how
many years he can save ` 1,50,000.
Solution:
If x be the month.
Amount is increasing then year is increasing.
It is direct proportion.
MATHEMATICS

month 3 x
Amount 5000 150000
x1 x2
=
y1 y2

3 x
=
5000 150000
3 × 150000 = x × 5000
3 ´ 150000
x =
5000
= 3 × 30
= 90 months
90 months he can save `150000
4. A
 printer, prints a book of 300 pages at the rate of 30 pages per minute. Then, how long
will it take to print the same book if the speed of the printer is 25 pages per minute?
Solution:
A book print in 1 min = 25 pages
300
300 pages printing time =
25
= 12 min
Therefore, 12 minutes to print the book if the speed is 25 page per minutes.
5. If the cost of 6 cans of juice is ` 210, then what will be the cost of 4 cans of juice?
Solution:
The cost of 6 cans juice = `210
210
The cost of 1 can juice =
6
= `35
The cost of 4 cans of juice = `35 × 4 = `140
Therefore, `140 for 4 cans of juice.
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6. 
x varies inversly as twice of y. Given that when y = 6, the value of x is 4. Find the value

FIRST TERM
of x when y = 8.
Solution:
y = 6 then x = 4
y = 8 then x = ?
6
x = ×4 = 3
8
x = 3
7. A truck requires 108 liters of diesel for covering a distance of 594 km. How much diesel
will be required to cover a distance of 1650 km?
Solution:
Let x be the litre of diesel.
The distance is increasing then needed a diesel is increase.
It is direct proportion.
Distance (km) 594 1650
Diesel (l) 108 x
x1 x2
=
y1 y2

594 1650
=
108 x
1550 × 108 = 594 × x
594 × x = 1650 × 108
1650 ´ 108
x =
594

5-in-1
= 300l
300 litre of diesel for covering a distance of 1650 km.

Challenge Problems
8. If the cost of a dozen soaps is ` 396, what will be the cost of 35 such soaps?
Solution:
The cost of a dozen soap = `396
396
The cost of 1 soap =
12
= `33
The cost of 35 soap = 35 × 33
= `1155
`1155 of 35 such soaps.
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9. I n a school, there is 7 period a day each of 45 minutes duration. How long each period
is, if the school has 9 periods a day assuming the number of hours to be the same?
Solution:
Total school time in one day = 45 × 7
= 315 min
The school has 9 periods a day
315
Number of hours to be 315 min =
9
= 35 min
MATHEMATICS

35 minutes duration there is 9 period a day.

10. Cost of 105 notebooks is ` 2415. How many notebooks can be bought for ` 1863?
Solution:
Cost of 105 note book = `2415
2415
Cost of 1 note book =
105
= `23
1863
Note book bought for `1863 =
23
= 81
81 note book bought for `1863.
11. 1 0 farmers can plough a field in 21 days. Find the number of days reduced if 14 farmers
ploughed the same field?
Solution:
Let x be the number of days.
Farmer is increase then number of days decrease.
It is inverse proportion.
Farmer 10 14
Number of Days 21 x
x1y1 = x2y2
10 × 21 = 14 × x
10 ´ 21
x =
14
x = 15
Reduced days = 21 – 15 = 6 days
6 days reduced if 14 farmers ploughed the same field.
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12. A
 flood relief camp has food stock by which 80 people can be benefited for 60 days. After

FIRST TERM
10days 20 more people have joined the camp. Calculate the number of days of food
shortage due to the addition of 20 more people?
Solution:
Let x be the number of days.
People increasing the food stock decreasing.
People 80 50
Number of Days 100 x
x1y1 = x2y2
80 × 50 = 100 × x
100 × x = 80 × 50
80 ´ 50
x =
100
= 40 days
13. S
 ix men can complete a work in 12 days. Two days later, 6 more men joined them. How
many days will they take to complete the remaining work?
Solution:
Let x be number of days.
Men increase days decrease.
It is inverse proportion.
Men 6 10 (12–2)
Days 100 x
x1y1 = x2y2

5-in-1
6 × 10 = x × 12
x × 12 = 6 × 10
6 ´ 10
x =
12
x = 5 days
Complete the work in 5 days.


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274 GANGA 7  TERM I
Unit Test
Time: 30 mins. 4. Direct and Inverse Proportion Marks: 20
I. Answer any four questions. 4×5=20
1. If C = kd.
i) What is the relation between c and d?
ii) Find k, when C = 30 and d = 6.
iii) Find C, when d = 10.
2. Forty students stay in a hostel. They had food stock for 30 days. If the students are doubled
MATHEMATICS

then for how many days the stock will last?

3. 60 workers can spin a bale of cotton in 7 days. In how many days will 42 workers spin it.
4. Valli purchases 10 pens for `180 and Kamala buys 8 pens for `96. Can you say who bought
the pen cheaper. (Using unitary method)
5. A toy company requires 36 machines to produce car toys in 54 days. How many machines
would be required to produce the same number of car toys in 81 days?


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GANGA 275

UNIT

FIRST TERM
GEOMETRY
5
Lines:

Try These B.P.No. 83

1. Complete the following statements.

(i) A _______ is a straight path that goes on endlessly in two directions. Ans: straight line
(ii) A _______ is a line with two end points. Ans: line segment
(iii) A _______ is a straight path that begins at a point and goes on and extends endlessly in
the other direction. Ans: ray
(iv) The lines which intersect at right angles are ___________. Ans: intersect line
(v) The lines which intersect each other at a point are called ________.
 Ans: intersect point
(vi) The lines that never intersect are called __________. Ans: parallel lines
2. Use a ruler or straightedge to draw each figure.
i) line CD (ii) ray AB (iii) line segment MN
Solution:
i) C D
ii) A B
iii) M N
3. Look at the figure and answer the following questions. I K

5-in-1
I K

(i) Which line is parallel to AB A B

(ii) Name a line which intersect CD C

J D
(iii) Name the lines which are perpendicular to GH E
(iv) How many lines are parallel to IJ A
F
(v) Will EF intersect AB? Explain.
G L H
Solution:
i) GH ii) IJ iii) KL iv) KL
v) EF is not intersect AB. This two line are not cutting chance.

Try These B.P.No. 85

Choose the correct answer.

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276 GANGA 7  TERM I
1. A straight angle measures
a) 45° b) 90°
c) 180° d) 100° Ans: c) 180o
2. An angle with measure 128° is called ____________ angle.
a) a straight b) an obtuse
c) an acute d) Right Ans: b) an obtuse
3. The corner of the A4 paper has
a) an acute angle b) a right angle
c) straight d) an obtuse angle Ans: b) a right angle
MATHEMATICS

4. If a perpendicular line is bisecting the given line, you would have two
a) right angles b) obtuse angles
c) acute angles d) reflex anglesAns: a) right angles
5. An angle that measure 0° is called _______.
a) right angle b) obtuse angle
c) acute angle d) zero angleAns: d) zero angle

Think B.P.No. 86

In each of the following figures, observe the pair of angles that are marked as ∠1 and
∠2. Do you think that they are adjacent pairs? Justify your answer.

Solution:
i) ∠1 and ∠2 are not adjacent pair. If two angles are not same inside.
ii) ∠1 and ∠2 are not adjacent pair. If ∠1 and ∠2 are not intersect one point.
iii) 
∠1 and ∠2 are not adjacent pair. If ∠1 and ∠2 are not seperate. ∠2 is inside the ∠2.
Therefore not adjacent.

Try These B.P.No. 83

1. Few real life examples depicting adjacent angles are shown below.
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GANGA 277

Can you give three more examples of adjacent angles seen in real life?

FIRST TERM
Solution:
i) Bus
ii) two wheeler part of tyre
iii) Upper side of fire stove
2. O
 bserve the six angles marked in the picture shown (Fig 5.2). Write any four pairs of
adjacent angles and that are not.
Solution:
Adjacent angles:
i) ∠A and ∠B ii) ∠B and ∠C
iii) ∠D and ∠E iv) ∠E and ∠F
Not adjacent angles:
i) ∠A and ∠C ii) ∠B and ∠D
iii) ∠C and ∠E iv) ∠D and ∠F
3. I dentify the common arm, common vertex of the adjacent angles and shade the interior
with two colours in each of the following figures.
D
i) C ii) Q

R
B P
A O
Solution:
 
i) Common arm: AC ii) Common arm: OQ

5-in-1
Common Vertex: A Common Vertex: O
4. Name the adjacent angles in each of the following figure.
i) A ii) Z
B
Y
C D
W X
Solution:
i) adjacent angles: ∠BAC, ∠CAD ii) adjacent angles: ∠ZWY, ∠YWX

Try These B.P.No. 88

1. Observe the following pictures and find the other angle of linear pair.
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278 GANGA 7  TERM I

Solution:
i) 180o – 84o = 96o ii) 180o – 86o = 94o iii) 180o – 159o = 21o
MATHEMATICS

Think B.P.No. 88

Observe the figure. There are two angles namely ∠PQR = 150° and ∠QPS = 30°. Is all
this pair of supplementary angles a linear pair? Discuss.
R
150 o

P 30o
Q
S

Solution:
∠PQR and ∠QPS are supplementary angles. All supplementary angles are linear pair.

Example 5.1 B.P.No. 88

A
In Figure find ∠AOC.
Solution:
∠AOC = ∠AOB + ∠BOC B 51o
46o O
= 51° + 46°
= 97°
C
Example 5.2 B.P.No. 88

If ∠POQ = 23° and ∠POR = 62° then find ∠QOR

Solution:
We know that ∠POR = ∠POQ + ∠QOR R
62° = 23° + ∠QOR
Q
Subtracting 23° on both sides 62o
O 23o P
62° – 23° = 23° + ∠QOR – 23°
∠QOR = 39°
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GANGA 279

Example 5.3 B.P.No. 88

FIRST TERM
Which of the following pair of adjacent angles will make a linear pair?
(i) 89°, 91° (ii) 105°, 65° (iii) 117°, 62° (iv) 40°, 140°
Solution:
(i) Since 89° + 91° = 180°, this pair will be a linear pair.
(ii) Since 105° + 65° = 170° ≠ 180°, this pair cannot make a linear pair.
(iii) Since 117° + 62° = 179° ≠ 180°, this pair cannot make a linear pair.
(iv) Since 40° + 140° = 180°, this pair will be a linear pair.

Example 5.4 B.P.No. 88

Find the missing angle.

i) ii) O
D

123o 46o
L N M
A C B
Solution:
(i) Since the angles are linear pair, ∠ACD + ∠BCD = 180°
123° + ∠BCD = 180°
Subtracting 123° on both sides
123° + ∠BCD – 123° = 180° – 123°
∠BCD = 57°

5-in-1
(ii) Since the angles are linear pair, ∠LNO + ∠MNO = 180°
46° + ∠MNO = 180°
Subtracting 46° on both sides
46° + ∠MNO – 46° = 180° – 46°
∠MNO = 134°

Example 5.5 B.P.No. 89

Two angles are in the ratio 3:2. If they are linear pair, find them.
Solution:
Let the angles be 3x and 2x
Since they are linear pair of angles, their sum is 180°.
Therefore, 3x+2x = 180°
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280 GANGA 7  TERM I
5x = 180°
o
x = 180
5
x = 36°
The angles are 3x = 3×36 = 108°
2x = 2×36 = 72°

Think B.P.No. 90

What would happen to the angles if we add 3 or 4 or 5 rays on a line as given below?
MATHEMATICS

Solution:
If we add 3 or 4 or 5 rays on a line it gives the sum of the angles are 180o.

Think B.P.No. 90

Can you justify the following statement.

∠AOB + ∠BOC + ∠COD + ∠DOE + ∠EOF + ∠FOA = 360°?
Solution:
Sum of the angles at a point is 360o.
∴ ∠AOB + ∠BOC + ∠COD + ∠DOE + ∠EOF + ∠FOA = 360°

Example 5.6 B.P.No. 90

S R
From Figure, find the measure of ∠ROS.
Solution:
32o 26o
We know that ∠QOR + ∠ROS + ∠SOP = 180° P O Q
26° + ∠ROS + 32° = 180°
∠ROS + 58° = 180°
Subtracting 58° on both sides
We get, ∠ROS = 180° – 58° = 122°
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GANGA 281

Example 5.7 B.P.No. 90

FIRST TERM
B
In Figure find the value of x° C
Solution:

23 o
98o
98° + 23° + 76° + x° = 360° A 76o
197° + x° = 360° O
xo
x° = 360° - 197° = 163° D

Try These B.P.No. 91

1. Four real life examples for vertically opposite angles are given below.
Give four more examples for vertically opposite angles in your surrounding.
Solution:
i) Plade of mixie jar. ii) Gas stove barnor
iii) egg cutter iv) Umbrella Rattinam
2. I n the given figure, two lines AB and CD intersect at O. Observe the pair of angles and
complete the following table. One is done for you.

A 3 C
4 2
1O
D B
Pair of angles ∠AOC ∠AOD ∠BOC ∠BOD
∠AOC Same angle Adjacent angle Adjacent angle Non – adjacent angle
∠AOD Adjacent angle Same angle Non-adjacent Adjacent angle

5-in-1
angle
∠BOC Adjacent angle Non- adjacent Same angle Adjacent angle
angle
∠BOD Non-adjacent Adjacent angle Adjacent angle Same angle
angle
3. Name the two pairs of vertically opposite angles.
S
P
T
Q
R
Solution:
i) ∠PTR and ∠STQ ii) ∠PTS and ∠RTQ
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282 GANGA 7  TERM I
4. Find the value of x° in the figure given below.

l o
150
xo

m
Solution:
xo = 150o (vertically opposite angles)

Exercise 5.1
MATHEMATICS

B.P.No. 92

1. Name the pairs of adjacent angles.

G F

A B C D
Solution:
The pair of adjacent angles
∠ABG and ∠GBC
∠BCF and ∠FCE
∠FCE and ∠ECD
∠ACF and ∠FCE
∠ACF and ∠ECD
2. Find the angle ∠JIL from the given figure. L
Solution:
K
JIL = JIK + KIL 38o

= 27o + 38o 27o

I J
= 65o
3. Find the angle ∠GEH from the given figure. H
Solution:
G
∠GEH + ∠GEF = ∠HEF
120 o
∠GEH + 34o = 120o 34o F
E
∠GEH = 120 – 34 o o

= 86o
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GANGA 283

4. Given that AB is a straight line. Calculate the value of x° in the following cases.

FIRST TERM
i) ii)
C C

3xo
42o
72 o xo A O B
A O B
Solution: Solution:
72o + xo = 180o 3xo + 42o = 180o
xo = 180o – 72o 3xo = 180o – 42o
xo = 108o 3xo = 138o
o
xo = 138
3
xo = 46o
iii) C

4xo 2xo
A O B
Solution:
4xo + 2xo = 180o
6xo = 180o
180o
xo =
6
x = 30o
o

5-in-1
5. One angle of a linear pair is a right angle. What can you say about the other angle?
Solution:
One of the angle linear pair B right angle
i.e 90o + xo = 180o
xo = 180o – 90o
xo = 90o
The other angle is also a right angle.
6. If the three angles at a point are in the ratio 1 : 4 : 7, find the value of each angle?
Solution:
Let the angles be x, 4x and 7x.
Since they are at a point their sum is 360o
x+4x+7x = 360o
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284 GANGA 7  TERM I
12x = 360o
o
x = 360
12
x = 30o
4x = 4(30) = 120o
7x = 7(30) = 210o
The angles are 30o, 120o, 210o
7. T
 here are six angles at a point. One of them is 45° and the other five angles are all equal.
What is the measure of all the five angles?
MATHEMATICS

Solution:
Sum of six angles at a point is 360o
One of them is 45o.
45o + 5xo = 360o
5xo = 360o – 45o
5xo = 315o
315o
xo =
5
x = 63o
o

All the five angles are 63o.

8. In the given figure, identify T S
(i) any two pairs of adjacent angles.
(ii) two pairs of vertically opposite angles.
Solution: P Q R
i) any two pair of adjacent angles
∠PQU and ∠PQT
∠TQS and ∠SQR U
ii) Two pair of vertically opposite angles
∠PQU and ∠TQR
∠PQT and ∠UQR
9. The angles at a point are x°, 2x°, 3x°, 4x° and 5x°.
Find the value of the largest angle?
Solution:
Sum of a angle at a point are 360o
i.e xo+2xo+3xo + 4xo + 5xo = 360o
15xo = 360o
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GANGA 285

o
xo = 360

FIRST TERM
15
xo = 24o
Largest angle 5xo = 5(24o) = 120o
10. From the given figure, find the missing angle.
Solution: Q
R o
∠SOR and ∠ROQ are linear pair. 105
O P
∠QOP and ∠POS are linear pair. xo
S
∠ROQ = ∠SOP
∠SOP = 105o
xo = 105o
11. Find the angles x° and y° in the figure shown.
l
Solution:
3x
xo + 3x = 180o xo
yo
4x = 180o
m
180o
x =
4
x = 45o
and xo + yo = 180o
45o + yo = 180o
yo = 180o – 45o
yo = 135o
xo = 45o, yo = 135o

5-in-1
12. Using the figure, answer the following questions.
(i) What is the measure of angle x°?
(ii) What is the measure of angle y°?
Solution: yo 125o

i) x = 125o (vertically opposite angles are equal) xo

ii) yo + 125o = 180o
yo = 180o – 125o
= 55o
i) xo = 125o ii) yo = 55o
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286 GANGA 7  TERM I
Objective Type Questions

13. Adjacent angles have

i) no common interior, no common arm, no common vertex
ii) one common vertex, one common arm, common interior
iii) one common arm, one common vertex, no common interior
iv) one common arm, no common vertex, no common interior
 Ans: iii) one common arm, one common vertex, no common interior
MATHEMATICS

A D 1 C F
14. In the given figure the angles ∠1 and ∠2 are O 2

i) opposite angles ii) Adjacent angles

iii) Linear pair iv) Supplementary angles
B E
 Ans: iii) Linear pair
15. Vertically opposite angles are
i) not equal in measure ii) complementary
iii) supplementary iv) equal in measure
 Ans: iv) equal in measure
16. The sum of all angles at a point is
i) 360° ii) 180° iii) 90° iv) 0° Ans: i) 360o
17. The measure of ∠BOC is
C
B

65o
35o
D O A
i) 90° ii) 180° iii) 80° iv) 100° Ans: iii) 80o
Transversal:
Try These B.P.No. 94

1. Draw as many possible transversals in the given figures.

l l

m m
n n
p
(i) (ii)
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GANGA 287

2. Draw a line which is not the transversal to the above figures.

FIRST TERM
l
l

m
m
n n
p
(i) (ii)
3. How many transversals can you draw for the following two lines?
m
n
Solution:
Many more transversal.

Try These B.P.No. 96

1. Four real life examples for transversal of parallel lines are given below.

Give four more examples for transversal of parallel lines seen in your surroundings.
Solution:

5-in-1
i) Coconut tyre leaf. ii) Back side design in plastic chair.
iii) Window iv) Upper roof of the wooden roof.
2. Find the value of x.
l n
i) ii) m

125o
m l
x o
n xo
48o
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288 GANGA 7  TERM I
iii) l

m
xo
n
138o

Solution:
i) xo = 125o ii) xo = 48o iii) xo = 138o
MATHEMATICS

Try These B.P.No. 98

Find the value of x. n

m

xo
n l
xo
127o
m 46 o

l
Solution:
i) x = 127o ii) x = 46o

Try These B.P.No. 99

Find the value of x.

m n
n
33o
x o xo
m

l 132o

Solution:
i) xo = 180o – 33o = 147o ii) xo = 180o– 132o = 48o
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GANGA 289

Example 5.8 B.P.No. 99

FIRST TERM
(i) Name the angle that corresponds to ∠1.
(ii) Name the angle that is alternate interior to ∠3.
(iii) Name the angle that is alternate exterior to ∠8.
2 1
(iv) Name the angle that corresponds to ∠8.
3 4
(v) Name the angle that is alternate exterior to ∠7.
(vi) Name the angle that is alternate interior to ∠6.
Solution: 6 5
7 8
(i) The angle that corresponds to ∠1 is ∠5
(ii) The angle that is alternate interior to ∠3 is ∠5
(iii) The angle that is alternate exterior to ∠8 is ∠2
(iv) The angle that corresponds to ∠8 is ∠4
(v) The angle that is alternate exterior to ∠7 is ∠1
(vi) The angle that is alternate interior to ∠6 is ∠4

Example 5.9 B.P.No. 99

(i)  hich angles are corresponding

W
angles to b°?
68o a
o
bo co do eo
(ii) What is the measure of b°?
fo g
o
ho io jo ko
(iii) W
 hich angles have the measure
68°?
(iv) W
 hich angles have the measure
112°?

5-in-1
Solution:
(i) The corresponding angles to b° are d° and 68°.
(ii) The measure of b° is 68° (because b° corresponds to 68°)
(iii) The angles having measure 68° are b°, d°, g°, i° and k°.
(iv) The angles having measure 112° are a°, c°, e°, f°, h° and j°.

Example 5.10 B.P.No. 99

If l is parallel to m, find the measure of x and y in the figure. n

Solution: 2x l
Given l is parallel to m and n is transversal to l and m. y
4x m
We get, y = 2x [vertically opposite angles are equal]
y + 4x = 180° [sum of interior angles that lie on the
same side of the transversal]
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290 GANGA 7  TERM I
2x + 4x = 180° [since y = 2x]
6x = 180°
Dividing by 6 on both sides
xo 180o
= gives, x = 30°.
6 6
Now, y = 2(30°) = 60°.

Exercise 5.2 B.P.No. 100

1. From the figures name the marked pair of angles.

MATHEMATICS

i) l ii) l
1 m 1
m

n n
2 2

Solution:
Solution:
The angles are alternate exterior
The angles are exterior angles on the
angles.
same side of the transversal.
iii) m iv) m
l n

n 1
2 1 2
l
Solution:
The angles are corresponding angles.

Solution:
The angles are interior angles on the
same side of the transversal.
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GANGA 291

v) n vi) o

FIRST TERM
n p
q
l
m
m
1 1
2
l 2

Solution:
The angles are interior angles on the Solution:
same side of the transversal. The angles are interior angles on the
same side of the transversal.
2. Find the measure of angle x in each of the following figures.
i) l ii) l
n

m 65o
m
35o x
n
x

Solution: Solution:
xo = 35o (corresponding angles) xo = 65o (corresponding angles)

5-in-1
iii) n l iv) l

m 135o
m 145 o

x
n
x

Solution:
Solution: x = 135o (Corresponding angle)
x = 145o (corresponding angles)
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292 GANGA 7  TERM I
v)

x
m

n
MATHEMATICS

Solution:
x = 90o (Corresponding angle)
3. Find the measure of angle y in each of the following figures.

i) l ii) l
m n
y 58o
28o m
n

Solution:
y
y = 28o (alternate angles)

Solution:
yo = 58o (alternate angles)
iii) m n iv) l

108o
l

123o m
y
y n

Solution:
y = 108o (alternate angle)
Solution:
x = 123o (alternate angles)
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GANGA 293

4. Find the measure of angle z in each of the following figures.

FIRST TERM
i) ii) m
l
m n 3x–40
z 31o
n l
z 135o
Solution:
z + 31o = 180o
z = 180o – 31o Solution:

= 149o z + 135o = 180o
z = 180o – 135o = 45o
iii) l iv) m
22o
n
m 79o

n z
z

Solution: Solution:
z + 79o = 180o z + 22o = 180o
z = 180o – 79o z = 180o – 22o

5-in-1

= 101o
= 158o

5. Find the value of angle a in each of the following figures.

i) l ii) m
l
m 3a
4a+13 n
126o
135o
n
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294 GANGA 7  TERM I
Solution: Solution:
3a = 126o 4a + 13 + 135o = 180o
126o 4a + 148o = 180o
a = 4a = 180o – 148o
3
= 42o 4a = 32o
32
a =
4
a = 8o
iii) m iv) m n
MATHEMATICS

n 8a+29
45o 6a
l

Solution:
8a + 29o = 45o
8a = 45o – 29o Solution:
8a = 16 o
6a = 90o
16
a = a = 90
8 6
a = 2o a = 158o
6. Find the value of angle x in both the figures.
i) l ii) l
15
m 2x–

2x+15
3x–40
n m
Solution: 3x+20
n
2x+15 = 3x–40
2x–3x = –40–15 Solution:
–x = –55o (2x–15) + (3x+20) = 180o
x = 55o (2x–15) = 180o – 3x – 20
2x+3x = 180o – 20 + 15
5x = 175
175
x = = 35o
5
x = 35o
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GANGA 295

7. A
 nbu has marked the angles as shown below in (i) and (ii). Check whether both of them

FIRST TERM
are correct. Give reasons.
i) l ii)
l
m 60
105 75
n 105 75 120 120

m 60

Solution: n
Solution:
It is not correct.
Since, interior angles on the same side It is not correct.
of the transversal are supplementary. Since corresponding angles are equal.
8. Mention two real-life situations where we use parallel lines.
Solution:
i) Railway track ii) two side stair handles.
9. T
 wo parallel lines are intersected by a transversal. What is the minimum number of
angles you need to know to find the remaining angles. Give reasons.
Solution:
The minimum number of angles need one.
Using concept of linear pair of angles, we can find one more angle and by the concepts
of corresponding angles and alternate angles. We could find all other angles.

Objective Type Questions

5-in-1
10. A line which intersects two or more lines in different points is known as
i) parallel lines ii) transversal
iii) non-parallel lines iv) intersecting line Ans: i) transversal
11. In the given figure, angles a and b are

i) alternate exterior angles ii) corresponding angles

iii) alternate interior angles iv) vertically opposite angles
 Ans: i) alternate exterior angles
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296 GANGA 7  TERM I
12. W
 hich of the following statements is ALWAYS TRUE when parallel lines are cut by a
transversal
i) corresponding angles are supplementary.
ii) alternate interior angles are supplementary.
iii) alternate exterior angles are supplementary.
iv) interior angles on the same side of the transversal are supplementary.
Ans: iv) interior angle on the same side of the transversal are supplementary
13. In the diagram, what is the value of angle x?
3x – 17 1
MATHEMATICS

3 4

6 65o
7 8

i) 43° ii) 44° iii) 132° iv) 134° Ans: ii) 44o
Construction of perpendicular bisector of a line segment

Example 5.11 B.P.No. 102

Construct a perpendicular bisector of the line segment AB = 6 cm.

Construction:
C

3 cm O 3 cm
A 6 cm B

Step 1: Draw a line. Mark two points A and B on it so that AB = 6 cm.

Step 2: Using compass with A as center and radius more than half of the length of AB,
draw two arcs of same length, one above AB and one below AB.
Step 3: With the same radius and B as center draw two arcs to cut the arcs drawn in step 2.
Mark the points of intersection of the arcs as C and D
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GANGA 297

Step 4: Join C and D. CD will intersect AB. Mark the point of intersection as O

FIRST TERM
CD is the required perpendicular bisector of AB.
Measure ∠AOC. Measure the length of AO and OB. What do you observe?

Think B.P.No. 103

1. What will happen if the radius of the arc is less than half of AB?

A B
4 cm
If the radius of the arc is less than half of AB, then both the arcs will not cut at a point and
we can’t draw perpendicular bisector.
Exercise 5.3 B.P.No. 103

1. D
 raw a line segment of given length and construct a perpendicular bisector to each line
segment using scale and compass.
(a) 8 cm C

4 cm O 4 cm
A 8 cm B

5-in-1
D
Construction:
Step 1: Draw a line. Mark two points A and B on it so that AB = 8 cm.
Step 2: Using compass with A as center and radius more than half of the length of AB,
draw two arcs of same length, one above AB and one below AB.
Step 3: With the same radius and B as center draw two arcs to cut the arcs drawn in step 2.
Mark the points of intersection of the arcs as C and D
Step 4: Join C and D. CD will intersect AB. Mark the point of intersection as O
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298 GANGA 7  TERM I
(b) 7cm

3.5 cm O 3.5 cm
MATHEMATICS

A 7 cm B

Construction:
Step 1: Draw a line. Mark two points A and B on it so that AB = 7 cm.
Step 2: Using compass with A as center and radius more than half of the length of AB,
draw two arcs of same length, one above AB and one below AB.
Step 3: With the same radius and B as center draw two arcs to cut the arcs drawn in step 2.
Mark the points of intersection of the arcs as C and D
Step 4: Join C and D. CD will intersect AB. Mark the point of intersection as O
(c) 5.6 cm
C

2.8 cm O 2.8 cm
A 5.6 cm B

D
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GANGA 299

Construction:

FIRST TERM
Step 1: Draw a line. Mark two points A and B on it so that AB = 5.6 cm.
Step 2: Using compass with A as center and radius more than half of the length of AB,
draw two arcs of same length, one above AB and one below AB.
Step 3: With the same radius and B as center draw two arcs to cut the arcs drawn in step 2.
Mark the points of intersection of the arcs as C and D
Step 4: Join C and D. CD will intersect AB. Mark the point of intersection as O
(d) 10.4 cm
C

5.2 cm O 5.2 cm
A 10.4 cm B

D
5-in-1
Construction:
Step 1: Draw a line. Mark two points A and B on it so that AB = 8 cm.
Step 2: Using compass with A as center and radius more than half of the length of AB,
draw two arcs of same length, one above AB and one below AB.
Step 3: With the same radius and B as center draw two arcs to cut the arcs drawn in step 2.
Mark the points of intersection of the arcs as C and D
Step 4: Join C and D. CD will intersect AB. Mark the point of intersection as O
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300 GANGA 7  TERM I
(e) 58 mm
C

24 mm O 24 mm
A 58 mm B
MATHEMATICS

Construction:
Step 1: Draw a line. Mark two points A and B on it so that AB = 58 mm.
Step 2: Using compass with A as center and radius more than half of the length of AB,
draw two arcs of same length, one above AB and one below AB.
Step 3: With the same radius and B as center draw two arcs to cut the arcs drawn in step 2.
Mark the points of intersection of the arcs as C and D
Step 4: Join C and D. CD will intersect AB. Mark the point of intersection as O.
Construction of angle bisector of an angle.

Example 5.12 B.P.No. 102

Construct bisector of the ∠ABC with the measure 80°.

C
X
F
G

80o
B E A
Construction:
Step 1: Draw the given angle ∠ABC with the measure 80° using protractor.
Step 2: With B as center and convenient radius, draw an arc to cut BA and BC. Mark the
points of intersection as E on BA and F on BC.
Step 3: With the same radius and E as center, draw an arc in the interior of ∠ABC and
another arc of same measure with center at F to cut the previous arc.
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GANGA 301

Step 4: Mark the point of intersection as G.

FIRST TERM
Draw a ray BX through G.
BG is the required bisector of the given angle ∠ABC

Exercise 5.4 B.P.No. 104

1. Construct the following angles using protractor and draw a bisector to each of the angle
using ruler and compass.
(a) 60°

F X
G

60o
B E A
Construction:
Step 1: Draw the given angle ∠ABC with the measure 60° using protractor.
Step 2: With B as center and convenient radius, draw an arc to cut BA and BC. Mark the
points of intersection as E on BA and F on BC.
Step 3: With the same radius and E as center, draw an arc in the interior of ∠ABC and
another arc of same measure with center at F to cut the previous arc.
Step 4: Mark the point of intersection as G.
Draw a ray BX through G.
BG is the required bisector of the given angle ∠ABC

5-in-1
(b) 100°

C X

F
G

100o
B E A
Construction:
Step 1: Draw the given angle ∠ABC with the measure 100° using protractor.
Step 2: With B as center and convenient radius, draw an arc to cut BA and BC. Mark the
points of intersection as E on BA and F on BC.
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302 GANGA 7  TERM I
Step 3: With the same radius and E as center, draw an arc in the interior of ∠ABC and
another arc of same measure with center at F to cut the previous arc.
Step 4: Mark the point of intersection as G.
Draw a ray BX through G.
BG is the required bisector of the given angle ∠ABC
(c) 90°

C
X
MATHEMATICS

F
G

90o
Construction: B E A

Step 1: Draw the given angle ∠ABC with the measure 90° using protractor.
Step 2: With B as center and convenient radius, draw an arc to cut BA and BC. Mark the
points of intersection as E on BA and F on BC.
Step 3: With the same radius and E as center, draw an arc in the interior of ∠ABC and
another arc of same measure with center at F to cut the previous arc.
Step 4: Mark the point of intersection as G.
Draw a ray BX through G.
BG is the required bisector of the given angle ∠ABC
(d) 48°
C
F X
G

48o
B E A
Construction:
Step 1: Draw the given angle ∠ABC with the measure 48° using protractor.
Step 2: With B as center and convenient radius, draw an arc to cut BA and BC. Mark the
points of intersection as E on BA and F on BC.
Step 3: With the same radius and E as center, draw an arc in the interior of ∠ABC and
another arc of same measure with center at F to cut the previous arc.
Step 4: Mark the point of intersection as G.
Draw a ray BX through G.
BG is the required bisector of the given angle ∠ABC
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GANGA 303

(e) 110°

FIRST TERM
C X

F G

110o
B E A
Construction:
Step 1: Draw the given angle ∠ABC with the measure 110° using protractor.
Step 2: With B as center and convenient radius, draw an arc to cut BA and BC. Mark the
points of intersection as E on BA and F on BC.
Step 3: With the same radius and E as center, draw an arc in the interior of ∠ABC and
another arc of same measure with center at F to cut the previous arc.
Step 4: Mark the point of intersection as G.
Draw a ray BX through G.
BG is the required bisector of the given angle ∠ABC
Construction of angle bisector

Exercise 5.5 B.P.No. 105

1. Construct the following angles using ruler and compass only.

(i) 60°

5-in-1
C

60o
A B

Construction:
Step 1: Draw a line. Mark a point A on it.
Step 2: With A as center draw an arc of convenient radius to the line to meet at a point B.
Step 3: With the same radius and B as center draw an arc to cut the previous arc at C.
Step 4: Join AC. Then ∠BAC is the required angle with the measure 60°.
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304 GANGA 7  TERM I
(ii) 120°

D C

120o
A B
Construction:
Step 1: Draw a line. Mark a point A on it.
MATHEMATICS

Step 2: With A as center draw an arc of convenient radius to the line at a point B.
Step 3: With the same radius and B as center, draw an arc to cut the previous arc at C.
Step 4: With the same radius and C as center, draw an arc to cut the arc drawn in step 2 at
D.
Step 5: Join AD. Then ∠BAD is the required angle with measure 120°.
(iii) 30°
C D

60o
30o
A B
Construction:
Step 1: Construct angle 60° [Refer Construction of angle of measure 60° (i)].
Step 2: With B as center, draw an arc of convenient radius in the interior of ∠BAC.
Step 3: With the same radius and C as center, draw an arc to cut the previous arc at D.
Step 4: Join AD. Then ∠BAD is the required angle with measure 30°
(iv) 90°

D C

90o
A B
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GANGA 305

Construction:

FIRST TERM
Step 1: Construct angle 120° [Refer Construction of angle of measure 120° (ii)].
Step 2: With C as center, draw an arc of convenient radius in the interior of ∠CAD.
Step 3: With the same radius and D as center, draw an arc to cut drawn in step 3 at E.
Step 4: Join AE. Then ∠BAD = 90° is the required angle
(v) 45°

D
C F

45o
A B
Construction:
Step 1: Construct angle 90°
Step 2: With B as center, draw an arc of convenient radius in the interior of ∠BAE.
Step 3: With the same radius and D as center, draw an arc to cut drawn in step 3 at E.
Step 4: Join AF. Then ∠BAF = 45° is the required angle
(vi) 150°
E D

5-in-1
150o
C A B
Construction:
Step 1: Draw a line mark a point A on it.
Step 2: With A as center, draw an arc of convenient radius to the line to meet at a point B
and meet at another side at the point C.
Step 3: With the same radius and C as center, draw an arc to cut the previous arc at D.
Step 3: With the same radius and D as the center, draw an arc to cut draw in step 3 in E.
Step 4: Join IE. Then ∠BAE = 150°.
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306 GANGA 7  TERM I
(vii) 135°
F

E
135o
C A B
Construction:
MATHEMATICS

Step 1: Construct an angle 150°

Step 2: With center, draw an arc of convenient radius in the interior of ∠CAE.
Step 3: With the same radius and E as center, draw an arc to cut drawn in step 3 at F.
Step 4: Join AF. Then ∠BAF = 135° is the required angle.

Exercise 5.6 B.P.No. 81

Miscellaneous Practice Problems

1. Find the value of x if ∠AOB is a right angle.

Solution:
Given ∠AOB = 90o B
C
i.e 3x + 2x = 90o
5x = 90o 2x
90o 3x
x =
5 O A
x = 18o
2. In the given figure, find the value of x.
Solution:
C
∠AOB + COB = 180o
2x + 23 + 3x – 48 = 180o
5x – 25 = 180o 2x + 23
3x – 48
5x = 180 + 125 A O B
5x = 205
205
x =
5
x = 41o
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GANGA 307

3. Find the value of x, y and z

FIRST TERM
Solution:
∠BOD = ∠COA
B C
x = z+10 ––––––––(1) 3x + 40
∠BOC = ∠DOA x O z + 10
3x+40 = y+30 –––––––––(2) y + 30
∠DOC = 180o D A
x+3x+40 = 180o
4x+40o = 180o
4x = 180 – 40 = 140
x = = 35 –––––––––(3)
(3) in (1)
x = z+10
35 = z+10
z = 35 – 10
z = 25o
(3) in (2)
3(35) + 40 = y+30
145 = y+30
y = 145 – 30
y = 115o
x = 35o, y = 115o, z = 25o
4. Two angles are in the ratio 11: 25. If they are linear pair, find the angles.

5-in-1
Solution:
Let the angles be 11x and 25x.
Since they are linear pair of angles their sum is 180o.
11x + 25x = 180o
36x = 180o
180
x =
36
x = 5o
The angles are
11x = 11 × 5 = 55o
25x = 25 × 5 = 125o
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308 GANGA 7  TERM I
5. Using the figure, answer the following questions and justify your answer.
(i) Is ∠1 adjacent to ∠2? A
E
(ii) Is ∠AOB adjacent to ∠BOE?
B 1
(iii) Does ∠BOC and ∠BOD form a linear pair? 2
5
(iv) Are the angles ∠COD and ∠BOD supplementary? 3 O
4 C
(v) Is ∠3 vertically opposite to ∠1?
D
Solution:
i) Yes, OA is common arm and their interior are not overlapping.
MATHEMATICS

ii) No, interior are overlapping.

iii) No, Since ∠BOC + ∠BOD < 180o
It is not a linear pair.
iv) Yes, it is supplementary.
v) No, ∠1, ∠3 is a non-adjacent angles.
6. In the figure POQ, ROS and TOU are straight lines. Find the x°.
Solution: U
V
TOU is straight line S
i.e ∠UOV + ∠VOP + ∠POR + ∠ROT = 180o xo
45o
xo + 45o + 47o + 36o = 180o
P 47o O Q
xo + 128o = 180o 36o
xo = 180 – 128
x = 52o R
T
7. In the figure AB is parallel to DC. Find the value of ∠1 and ∠2. Justify your answer.
C
Solution: 30o D
∠2
∠2 = 80o (alternate interior angles)
∠1 80o
∠1 = 30o (alternate interior angles)
A B yo
8. In the figure AB is parallel to CD. Find x, y and z.
Solution:
42 o

zo = 42o (alternate interior angles)

and yo = 42o (vertically opposite angles) B
63 o z
o
xo + 63o + zo = 180o
xo + 63o + 42o = 180o x
o

xo + 105o = 180o
xo = 180o – 105o A
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GANGA 309

xo = 75o

FIRST TERM
xo = 75o, yo = 42o, zo = 42o
9. D
 raw two parallel lines and a transversal. Mark two alternate interior angles G and H.
If they are supplementary, what is the measure of each angle?
Solution:
Given G and H are supplimentary
G = H (alternate interior angles)
G+H = 180o G
G+G = 180 (G = H)
o

G = 90o H

H = 90o
Each angle = 90o
10. A plumber must install pipe 2 parallel to pipe 1. He knows that ∠1 is 53. What is the
measure of ∠2?
Solution:
∠1 + ∠2 = 180o
53 + ∠2 = 180o
∠2 = 180o – 53o
= 127o

Challenge Problems

11. Find the value of y.

5-in-1
Solution:
∠POX = 180o S
T R
3y–20

∠QOR + ∠ROS + ∠SOT + ∠TOP = 180 o

y + 10 + y + 3y – 20 + 60 = 180o
y
5y + 50 = 180o y+10
60o
5y = 130 P O Q
130
y =
26
y = 26
12. Find the value of z.
Solution:
angles at a points are 360o
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310 GANGA 7  TERM I
i.e ∠QOM + ∠MON + ∠NOP + ∠POQ = 360o
P
4z – 25 + z +10 2z – 5 +3z = 360 N
9z – 20 = 360 2z–5
10z = 360 + 20 z + 10
3z
10z = 380 O M
4z–25
z = 380
10
z = 38o Q
13. Find the value of x and y if RS is parallel to PQ. R 25o x S
MATHEMATICS

Solution:
x = 40o (alternate interior angle) P 40o O y Q
y = 25o (alternate interior angle) U
T
14. Two parallel lines are cut by a transversal. For each pair of interior angles on the same
side of the transversal, if one angle exceeds the twice of the other angle by 48°. Find the
angles.
Solution:
Let one of the pair angle is xo.
x 2x+48o
One angle exceeds the twice of the other angle by 48o.
i.e 2x + 48o.
Pair of interior angles = 180o.
x + (2x+48o) = 180o
3x+48o = 180o
3x = 180 – 48o
3x = 132o
132
x =
3
x = 44o
Other angle = 2x + 48o = 2(44) + 48o = 88 + 48 = 132o
15. I n the figure, the lines GH and IJ are parallel. If ∠1=108° and ∠2 = 123°, find the value
of x, y and z.
K
Solution:
zo
Given ∠1 = 108o
xo + ∠1 = 180o I xo yo J
xo = 180o – 108o
∠1 ∠2
xo = 72o G H
∠2 + yo = 180o
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GANGA 311

123o + yo = 180o

FIRST TERM
yo = 180o – 123
yo = 57o
xo + yo + zo = 180o
72o + 57o + zo = 180o
129 + zo = 180o
zo = 180o – 129o
z = 51o
xo = 72o, yo = 57o zo = 51o
16. I n the parking lot shown, the lines that mark the width of each space are parallel.
If ∠1 = (x +39)°, ∠2 = (2x–3y)°, find x and y.
Solution:

∠1 + 65o = 180o ∠2 = 65o

x + 39o + 65o = 180o 2x–3y = 65o
x + 104o = 180o 2(76)–3y = 65o
x = 180o – 104o –3y = 65 – 152
x = 76 o
–3y = –87
yo = 29o
x = 76o y = 29o
17. D
 raw two parallel lines and a transversal. Mark two corresponding angles A and B. If
∠A = 4x and ∠B = 3x + 7, find the value of x. Explain..
Solution:
A

5-in-1
A and B are corresponding angles.
∠A = ∠B
4x = 3x + 7 B
4x – 3x = 7
A
x = 7o
18. In the figure AB is parallel to CD. Find x˚, y˚ and z˚. 48 o
Solution:
yo = 60o (alternate angle) C zo
60 o yo
∆ABE E B
∠EAB + ∠ABE + ∠BEA = 180 o

48o + yo + ∠BEA = 180o

xo
48o + 60o + ∠BEA = 180o
D
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312 GANGA 7  TERM I
108o + ∠BEA = 180o
∠BEA = 180o – 108o
= 72o
zo + ∠BEA = 180o
zo + 72o = 180o
zo = 180o – 72o
zo = 108o
∠CED = ∠BEA (Vertically opposite angles)
∠CED = 72o
MATHEMATICS

∆CED
60o + 72o + xo = 180o
132o + xo = 180o
xo = 180 – 132
xo = 48o
xo = 48o, yo = 60o, zo = 108o.
19. T
 wo parallel lines are cut by a transversal. If one angle of a pair of corresponding
angles can be represented by 42˚ less than three times the other. Find the corresponding
angles.
Solution:
One angles of a pair of corresponding angles can be represented by 42o less than three times
the other.
Let One of the angle is x.
i.e x = 3x – 42
x – 3x = –42
–2x = –42
-42
x =
-2
x = 21o
20. In the given figure, ∠8 = 107˚, what is the sum of the ∠2 and ∠4?
Solution:
∠8 = ∠2 (alternate exterior angles)
Given ∠8 = 107o
∠2 = 107o
∠4 = ∠2
∠4 = 107o
∠4 + ∠2 = 107 + 107 = 214o
Sum of ∠2 and ∠4 = 214o

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GANGA 313

Unit Test

FIRST TERM
Time: 30 mins. 5. Geometry Marks: 20
I. Answer any four questions. 4×2=8
1. In the figure find ∠AOC A

B 51o
46o O

C
2. Calculate the value of xo
C

4xo 2xo
A O B

3. Two angles are in the ratio 3:2 If they are linear pair. find them.
4. If l and m are parallel find xo, yo. n

2x l
y
4x m

5. Draw two parallel and transversal mark two corresponding angles A and B. If ∠A = 4x and
∠B = 3x + 7, find the value of x. Explain.
II. Answer any three questions. K 3×4=12
6. I n the figure, the line GH and IJ are parallel. zo

5-in-1
If ∠1 = 108o and ∠2 = 123o, I xo yo J
find the value of x, y and z.
∠1 ∠2
G H

7. i) The angles at a point are xo, 2xo, 3xo, 4xo and 5xo. Find the value of the largest angle.
m
ii) l Find the value of a.
4a+13 n

135o

8. Construct a perpendicular bisector of the line segment AB = 8 cm using scale and compass.
9. Construct 90o using ruler and compass only.

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314 GANGA 7  TERM I
UNIT

INFORMATION PROCESSING
6
Activity B.P.No. 109

Discuss the properties of numbers circled in the shaded shape shown in the calender.
Identify more such shapes.
MATHEMATICS

AUGUST 2019
SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT
1 2 3
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28 29 30 31
Solution:
AUGUST 2019
SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT
1 2 3
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28 29 30 31

Activity B.P.No. 110

1. Complete the given sequence.

i)

ii)
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GANGA 315

2. Find the number of all possible squares that can be formed from the Fig. 6.6.

FIRST TERM
Solution:
22 square
Tetrominoes:

Try This B.P.No. 111

Use the given five tetrominoes only once and create the shape given below.

Try These B.P.No. 113

1. Complete the rectangles given below using the five tetrominoes only once.
i) ii)

5-in-1

2. I n Fig 6.16 one 4 x 4 square is filled by a tetromino shape ‘ ’. In the same way try
to fill the other 4 x 4 square grids (Fig.6.17 to Fig.6.20) using the other four tetrominoes
( , , and ). Find which tetromino shape cannot fill the 4 x 4
square grid completely.
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316 GANGA 7  TERM I

6.17 and 6.20 are cannot fill the 4×4 square grid tetromino shape.

Example 6.1 B.P.No. 113

Find the tetromino shapes found in the showcase given in Fig.6.21 below. Form the
MATHEMATICS

same shape in the geoboard using rubberbands.

Solution:

Example 6.2 B.P.No. 113

Raghavan wants to change the front elevation of his house using the tiles made up of
tetromino shapes ( ).
1. How many tetrominoes are there in a tile ?
2. If the cost of a square tile is ` 52 then what will be the cost of the tiles that Raghavan
buys for the front elevation? (see Fig. 6.22)
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GANGA 317

FIRST TERM
Solution:
1. In one tile there are

= 1 tetromino

= 4 tetrominoes

= 4 tetrominoes

Therefore, there are nine tetrominoes in a tile.

2. Given, the cost of a tile is ` 52

5-in-1
There are six tiles in the front elevation
Therefore, the total cost = 6 × 52 = `312

Exercise 6.1 B.P.No. 114

1. A tetromino is a shape obtained by ___________ squares together. Ans: 4

2. Draw a tetromino which passes symmetry ___________ Ans:
3. Complete the table
Tetro Rotation of Tetrominoes°
S.No.
Minoes 90° 180° 270° 360°

1
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318 GANGA 7  TERM I
2

4. Shade the figure completely, by using five Tetromino shapes only once.
MATHEMATICS

Solution:

5. U
 sing the given Tetromino shaded in two different ways ( ), fill the grid in
such a way that, no two adjacent boxes have the same colour.

Solution:
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GANGA 319

6. Match the tetrominoes of same type.

FIRST TERM
(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)  Ans: i) ii) iii) iv)

7. Using the given tetrominoes with numbers, complete the 4 x 4 magic square .

6 7 8
4 15 12
14 1

16 3 2 13
5 10 11
9

Solution:
16 3 2 13
5 10 11 8
9 6 7 12
4 15 14 1

5-in-1
Example 6.3 B.P.No. 118

 adhan has to go to Karur from Coimbatore for an official visit. On his onward
M
journey, he goes via Vellakoil to reach Karur. While returning to Coimbatore he travels
via Erode. Both the routes travelled by him are given in the Fig. 6.26. Find the shortest
route?
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320 GANGA 7  TERM I
Solution:
Distance travelled by Madhan from Coimbatore to Karur via Vellakoil = 131 km
Distance travelled by Madhan from Karur to Coimbatore via Erode = 66 + 101 = 167 km
Therefore, the route via Vellakoil is the shortest route.

Example 6.4 B.P.No. 118

A telephone exchange worker wants to give the telephone connection to Amutha’s

house. Fig.6.27 shows all the possibilities of cable connections. Find the route which
requires minimum cable?
MATHEMATICS

Solution:
Distance from A to D =7 m
Distance from A to D (via B) = 4+5 = 9 m
Distance from A to D (via C) = 2+6 = 8 m
Therefore, the route directly from A to D requires minimum cable of length 7 m.

Try These B.P.No. 119

1. Observe the picture and answer the following

(i) Find all the possible routes from house to school via fire station
(ii)  ind all the possible routes between central park and school with distance.
F
Mention the hortest route?
(iii) Calculate the shortest distance between bank and school.
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GANGA 321

Solution:

FIRST TERM
i) a) (1) → (5) → (6) → (7) → (8)
b) (1) → (5) → (6) → (8)
ii) a) (8) → (6) → (4) = 20 + 200 = 220m
b) (8) → (7) → (3) → (4) = 150 + 300 + 100 = 550m
c) (8) → (7) → (6) → (4) = 150 + 100 + 200 = 450m
Possible shortest distance
School → Library → Central bank = 220m
iii) a) (2) → (3) → (7) → (8) = 150m + 300m + 150m = 600m
b) (2) → (1) → (4) → (6) → (8) = 200m + 150m + 200m + 20m = 570m
c) (2) → (1) → (4) → (3) → (7) → (8) = 200m + 150m + 100m + 300m + 150 = 900m
d) (2) → (1) → (4) → (6) → (7) → (8) = 200m + 150m + 200m + 100m + 150 = 800m
e) (2) → (1) → (5) → (6) → (8) = 200m + 300m + 50m + 20m = 570m
f) (2) → (1) → (5) → (6) → (7) → (8) = 200m + 300m + 50m + 100m + 150 = 800m
Two ways are shortest distance between bank and school. that is
i) Bank → house → Central park → Library → School = 570m
ii) Bank → house → Fire station → Library → School = 570m

2. A school has planned for a trip to Ooty. Using the route map, the school decides to visit
the places such as Boat House, Adam Founatian and Botanical Garden.

5-in-1
(i)  ow much distance you have to travel to Botanical Garden from Ooty Boat
H
House?
(ii) Find the shortest route to Botanical from the Ooty Main Bus Stand.
(iii) Mention the direction of Botanical Garden from Adams Fountain.
(iv) In what direction, Ooty Boat House is situated from Ooty Main Bus Stand.
(v) Complete the following route map from Ooty Main Bus Stand to Botanical Garden.
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322 GANGA 7  TERM I
Solution:
i) Botanical Garden from Ooty Boat house
8.1 km + 700m = 8km 100m + 700m
= 8 km 800 m
= 8.8 km
ii) Ooty Bus stand Adam Fountain Botanical Garden
1.7km + 700m = 1km 700m +700m
= 1km 1400m
MATHEMATICS

= 2km 400m
= 2.4 km
iii) The direction of Botanical Garden from Ooty Main Bus stand is North.
iv) The direction, Ooty Boat house is situated Easten side from Main Bus Stand.
v) Adam fountain
Exercise 6.2 B.P.No. 120

Miscellaneous Practice Problems

1. Make a model of a fish using the given tetromino shapes.

= 3 times = 2 times

= 1 time
= 1 time

Solution:
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GANGA 323

2. Complete the given rectangle using the given tetromino shapes.

FIRST TERM
= 1 time = 3 times

= 3 times = 2 times

= 2 times

Solution:

3. Shade the figure completely, by using five Tetromino shapes only once.

Solution:

5-in-1
4. Using the given tetrominoes with numbers on it, complete the 4 × 4 magic square ?

16 4 9 5
3 15 6 10
2 14 7 11
13 1 12 8
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324 GANGA 7  TERM I
Solution:

16 3 2 13

5 10 11 8

9 6 7 12

4 15 14 1

5. Find the shortest route to Vivekanandar Memorial Hall from the Mandapam using the
MATHEMATICS

given map.

Solution:
Mandapam → Pullivasal Island → Krusadai Island → Vivekanandar Memorial Hall
= 6km + 2 km + 1.5 km = 9.5 km
Mandapam → Krusadai Island → Vivekanandar Memorial Hall
= 7km + 1.5 km = 8.5 km
Shortest route is Mandapam → Krusadai Island → Vivekanandar Memorial Hall

Challenge Problems
6. Fill in 4 × 10 rectangle completely, using all the five tetrominoes twice.
Solution:
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GANGA 325

7. Fill in 8 × 5 rectangle completely, using all the five tetrominoes twice.

FIRST TERM
Solution:

8. Observe the picture and answer the following.

(i) Find all the possible routes from A to D.
(ii) Find the shortest distance between E and C.
(iii) Find all the possible routes between B and F with distance. Mention the shortest
route.

Solution:
i) routes 1 : A → G → D
routes 2 : A → B → D
routes 3 : A → B → C → D
routes 4 : A → B → C → E → D

5-in-1
ii) E → D → B → C = 120 + 100 + 120 = 340 m
E → D → C = 120 + 200 = 320 m
Shortest distance = 320 m
iii) route 1: B → A → G → F
250 +100 +150 = 600 m
route 2: B → D → E → F
100 +120 + 300 = 520 m
route 3: B → D → G → F
100 +200 +150 = 450 m
route 4: B → C → D → E → F
120 +200 +120 + 300 = 740 m
route 3 is shortest distance.
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326 GANGA 7  TERM I
Summative Assessment
Time: 2 hours MATHEMATICS Marks: 60
I. Choose the correct answer: 5×1=5
1. Identify the problem with negative numbers as its answer:
i) –9+(–5) + 6 ii) 8+(–12) – 6 iii) –4 + 2 + 10 iv) –4 + 2 +10
2. (–200) ÷ 10 is
i) 20 ii) –20 iii) –190 iv) 210
3. In an expression we can add or subtract only.
i) like terms ii) Unlike terms iii) All terms iv) None of the above
4. 12 cows can graze a field for 10 days 20 cows can graze the same field for ________ days.
MATHEMATICS

i) 15 ii) 18 iii) 6 iv) 8

5. The sum of all angles at a point is
i) 360o ii) 180o iii) 90o iv) 0
II. Fill in the blanks: 5×1=5
6. 75 + (–25) = ________.
7. A parallelogram with one pair of non-parallel sides is ________.
8. The additive inverse of – 37xy is ________.
9. If 40 workers can do a project work in 8 days, then ________ workers can do it in 4 days.
10. A line which intersects two or more lines in different points is known as ________.
III. Say True or False: 5×1=5
11. 8 × (–4) = 32 1
12. Area of trapezium is h(a+b)
2
13. The expression 8x+3y and 7x+2y can not be added.
14. The lines which intersect at right angles are perpendicular line.
15. The quotient of two integers having opposite sign is a negative integer.
IV. Match the following: 5×1=5
16. 999 × 0 – Right angle
17. Area of parallelogram – 10xy
18. (6xy) – (–4xy) – lb
19. 90o – same size
20. Vertically opposite – 0
V. Answer any Ten questions: 5×2=10
21. From the ground floor a man went up six floors and came down six floors. In which floor is
he now?
22. 3 × [(–4) + (–10)] and [3× (–4) + 3 × (–10)] equal? mention the property?
23. One of the side and the corresponding height of the parallelogram are 12m and 8m respectively.
Find the area of the parallelogram?
24. Find the height of the trapezium whose parallel sides are 13 cm and 28 cm and area is 492
sq.cm.
25. p = 5, q = 6, then find pq – p – q?
26. Solve: 7x + 10 = 80
27. If c = kd, i) find k when C = 30, and d v= 6, ii) find C, when d = 10
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GANGA 327

28. Find the missing angle.

FIRST TERM
D

123o
A C B
29. Two angles are in the ratio 3:2. If they are linear pair. find them.
30. Find the value of x. l
m

3x–40
n

31. Find the shortest route to Vivekanandar Memorial Hall from the Mandapam using the given
up.

32. What should be added to 5a–3b+2c to get a–4b–2c?

VI. Answer any Five questions: 5×3=15
33. Kabilan was having 10 pencil with him. He gave 2 pencil to Senthil and 23 to Karthick. Next
day his father gave him 6 more pencils. from that he gave 8 to his sister. How many pencil
are left with him?
34. The price of an item x increase by `10 every year and an item y decreases by `15 every year.
If in 2018, the price of x is `50 and y is `90, then which item will be costlier in the year 2020.

5-in-1
35. The base of the parallelogram is thrice its height. If the area is 192 sq. cm find the base and
height?
36. A window is in the form of trapezium whose parallel sides are 105 cm and 50 cm respectively
and the distance between the parallel sides is 60 cm. Find the cost of the glass used to cover
the window at the rate of `15 per 100 sq. cm.
37. Simplify: 100x + 99y – 98z + 10x + 10y + 10z – x –y +z
38. Find two consecutive odd numbers whose sum is 200.
39. A toy company requires 36 machine to produce car toys in 54 days. How many machine
would be required to produce the same number of car toys in 81 days?
VII. Answer any one question: 1×5=5
40. Construct 110 angle. Using protractor and draw a bisector to each of the angle using ruler
o

and compass. (OR)

Construct 90o angle using ruler and compass only.
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