E R S T A N D I N G
U N D
A N O R I G I N S
H UM I T Y
T H E C A P A C
& E
FO R C U L T U R
LESSON OBJECTIVES
• Trace the human origins & it's capacity
for cultural adaptation;
• Explore the significance of human material
remains & artifactual evidence in interpreting
cultural & social, political & economic
processes; and
• Give opportunities to realize the important
role of the new generation to shift perspectives
& discover a whole new way of thinking.
TH E H U M A N
O R I G I N S
H E C A P A C I T Y
& T T U R E S
FO R C U L
HUMAN ORIGINS & THE CAPACITY FOR
CULTURES
• the study of biological & cultural evolutions is the
focal point to help us how change commenced &
influenced the flow of lifestyles in the modern
age. • the physical & behavior
inherited in the first human
beings million years in the
past is a signal that humans
are of apelike ancestry is the
specific substantiation.
DRYOPiTHeCUS
• The primary advancement man
within the stages of evolution &
some believed that Dryopethicus
was the common predecessor of
man & primates and/or is
considered the one of the
earliest known ancestors of
human
• It lived approximately 12.5 to
11.5 million years ago.
• hairy, walked like gorilla or
chimpanzee.
RAMAPiTHeCUS
• existed in the same way but
appeared nearer to human-
line structure than
dryopethicus.
• jaws & teeth
like humans
• Walked
upwright like
humans
AUSTRALOPITHECUS
• Found in South Africa about 4.18 to about 2 Mya
and giving it the name Southern Ape.
• They were terrestrial bipedal ape-like animals
that had large checking teeth w/ thick enamel
caps but whose brain were only very slightly
larger than those of great apes.
• hunt with stone weapons but ate fruits
• brain capacity 600 cc
• showed several traits with modern apes & human.
AUSTRALOPITHECUS
Further subdivided into 4:
1. Australopithecus
ramidus
2. Australopithecus
afarensis
3. Australopithecus
africanus
4. Australopithecus
robustus
AUSTRALOPITHECUS RAMIDUS
AUSTRALOPITHECUS RAMIDUS
• a species that measures 1.2 meters tall and the fossils
appear the foramen magnum that were huge to
demonstrate upright walking. They had teeth like people
and had a big toe that helped to move around in trees.
• Scientists said that they probably spent a considerable
amount of time in the trees looking for food & shelter.
• They believe that this is the closest that they have ever
came to finding the last common ancestors between
chimpanzee & humans.
AUSTRALOPITHECUS AFARENSIS
AUSTRALOPITHECUS AFARENSIS
• They lived around 2.9 to 3.9 millions years ago.
• They are said to have possesses the African terrain & they were shorter
than the Australopithecus ramidus.
• they had small skull with flat noses & no chin. They were able to walk
on two legs, but their legs were slightly bowed which made their walk
somewhat ape-like. The bowed legs, fingers & toes empowered them to
climb trees & live there. They had huge teeth & jaws.
• Lucy was one of the first hominid fossils to become a household name.
Her skeleton is around 40% complete at the time of discovery. She was
by far the most complete early hominid known.
• Discovered trails of footprints & is approximately 88ft long. They called
it The Laetoli Footprint Trails.
AUSTRALOPITHECUS AFRICANUS
• The name was coined by Prof Raymond Dart which
means "Southern Ape of Africa"
• they were bipedal and had a small skull with small
brains than Homo Erectus.
• they are herbivores & that explains why they had
huge teeth compared to modern day people.
• researchers believed that africanus were hunters.
• First fossil humans occured in Africa is the “Taung
Child”
• Dart created the term “osteodontokeratic culture”
because remains of this species were found alongside
broken animal bones. He assumed that these broken
animals bones, teeth & horns were used as weapons.
AUSTRALOPITHECUS ROBUSTUS
• This species discovered by Robert
Broom. They weighed more than
their predecessors.
• Robustos had large teeth as well as
a ridge on top of the skull where
strong chewing muscles attached.
• These features allowed individual to
crush & grind hard foods such as
nuts, seeds, roots etc.
• through experiment & microscopic
studies of bone fragments show
that these early humans probably
used bones as tools to dig in
termite mounds.
HOMo SPECIES
• Hominids is a primate of a
family (homidae). They have
bigger brain compared to the
Australopithecus species. It is
classified as genus, Homo.
Further subdivided into three:
1. Homo Habilis
2. Homo Rudolfensis
3. Homo Erectus
HOMo HABILIS
• Known for his nickname Handyman
because this species was thought to
represent the first maker of stone
tools.
• showed up around 2.3 million years
ago.
• It suggests that the diet of habilis
was flexible & versatile & that they
were capable of eating broad range
of foods like leaves,woody plants,&
some animal tissues.
• this species, one of the earliest
HOMo RUDOLFENSIS
• Large & wider molars compared
to homo Habilis while their teeth
were only slightly smaller.
• Lived in Eastern Africa about 1.9
to 1.8 Mya.
• Originally considered to be habilis
but the ways in which rudolfensis
differs in it's larger braincase,
longer face & a larger molar &
premolar teeth.
HOMo ERECTUS
• Lived in Northern, Eastern & Southern
Africa, Western Asia, East Asia about 1.89
to 110,000 years ago.
• Eugene Dubois a dutch surgeon, found the
first Homo Erectus individual in Indonesia.
Dubois named the species Pithecanthropus
erectus or erect ape-man.
HOMo SAPIENS NEANDERTHELENSIS
• They had bigger brain estimate than
the advanced man & were gigantic
in size too, they had a huge head &
jaw & were exceptionally effective &
strong.
• They were carnivores and from the
tools they used, they demonstrate
that they were hunters.
• They were cave tenants too but their
caves were more comfortable because
they lived in bunches & they hunted
for food gathering.
HOMo SAPIENS SAPIENS
• They were omnivores, had skillful
hands, developed the power of
thinking, producing art, more
sophisticated tools & sentiments.
They were characterized as the
modern human.
"Next in Line"
"So, I sing this song to all of my age
For these are the questions we've got to
face
for this cycle that we call life
we are the ones who are next in line
we are next in line."
Activity 4
Questions to answers. (1 whole paper)
1. What is the ultimate message of the song?
2. What do you think is the biggest challenge
that young generations bare facing when they
have to find solutions for themselves?
3. What particular message in the song awakens
your realization about life & decision making?
4. What implications can be drown from the
title, "Next in Line"?
Reflection. Essay writing
Write a short essay explaining the
human evolution. In your essay,
explain how you can help in the
preservation & appreciation of the
diversities of the human origins.
Reflect on how evolution can be
applied in your everyday life.
Thank
you!
2030 - 2031
