Natural Wood and Bamboo

For Floor Construction

(Traditional House)
WHAT IS TIMBER ?
Timber refers to wood that has been processed for use in construction, furniture, and other
applications. It's typically harvested from trees and can be classified into two main categories:
hardwood (from deciduous trees) and softwood (from coniferous trees). Timber is valued for
its strength, durability, and aesthetic qualities, making it a popular choice in building and
manufacturing. It can be used in various forms, including beams, planks, and plywood.
 TYPES OF TIMBER
1. Hardwood
● Definition: Sourced from deciduous trees, which shed their leaves annually.
● Characteristics: Generally denser and stronger than softwoods; often more expensive.
● Examples:
○ Oak: Strong and durable, used for flooring and furniture.
○ Maple: Hard and resistant to abrasion, often used for cabinets and flooring.
○ Mahogany: Valued for its rich color and grain, commonly used in high-end furniture.
○ Teak: Naturally resistant to water and decay, ideal for outdoor furniture.

2. Softwood
● Definition: Sourced from coniferous trees, which typically remain evergreen.
● Characteristics: Generally lighter, faster-growing, and more affordable than hardwoods.
● Examples:
○ Pine: Versatile and easy to work with; commonly used for framing and furniture.
○ Cedar: Naturally resistant to moisture and insects, often used for outdoor projects.
○ Spruce: Lightweight and strong, frequently used in construction and musical
instruments.
○ Fir: Commonly used for structural applications like beams and trusses.
3. Engineered Wood

● Definition: Man-made wood products made by binding together strands, particles, fibers, or
veneers.
● Characteristics: Designed to enhance certain properties such as strength, stability, and uniformity.
● Examples:
○ Plywood: Made from thin layers of wood veneer glued together, used in furniture and
construction.
○ Oriented Strand Board (OSB): Compressed wood strands, used for sheathing and
flooring.
○ Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL): Made from thin wood layers glued together, used for
beams and headers.
○ Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT): Layers of timber bonded together at right angles, used for
walls and floors in tall buildings.

4. Specialty Woods

● Definition: Rare or unique wood types with specific characteristics.

● Examples:
○ Bamboo: Technically a grass, used for flooring and furniture; highly renewable.
○ Lignum Vitae: Extremely dense and oily; used for high-wear applications like bearings.
BENEFITS OF TIMBER

● Strength And Durability Of Timber.

● Aesthetics And Design Possibilities.
● Environmental Benefits Of Using Timber.
● Cost-Effectiveness And Economic Considerations.
● Insulating Benefits Of Timber.
● Easy To Work With And Versatile Applications.
● Long-Lasting Quality And Low Maintenance
Requirements.
TYPES OF TIMBER FLOORING:-

1. Single joist timber floor.

2. Double joist timber floor.

3. Framed or triple joist floor.

SINGLE JOIST WOODEN FLOOR
Single joist wooden flooring refers to a flooring system where the wooden boards (or planks) are
directly supported by a single set of joists, which are horizontal beams that support the floor
structure.
BENEFITS OF SINGLE JOIST TIMBER FLOOR
● Single joist systems are generally lighter than traditional solid timber or concrete floors, which
can reduce the overall weight of the building.
● It allows various architectural designs, enabling open spaces and unique layouts without
compromising structural integrity.
● Timber has natural insulating properties, which can help with energy efficiency by maintaining
indoor temperatures.
● The installation process is often quicker and simpler, as the joists can be easily handled and
positioned.
● Timber can provide good sound insulation, reducing noise transmission between floors.
● The design can be modified to accommodate various services, such as electrical and plumbing,
more easily than solid flooring.
● Elevated timber floors can help with ventilation and reduce moisture buildup, which is
particularly beneficial in areas prone to dampness.
DISADVANTAGE OF SINGLE JOIST WOODEN
FLOORING
● Limited Load Capacity: Single joist systems may not support heavy loads as effectively as more
robust systems, making them less suitable for areas with heavy furniture or appliances.
● Flexibility and Bounce: Depending on the spacing and size of the joists, the floor may have a
noticeable bounce or flex, which can be uncomfortable, especially in larger spans.
● Vulnerability to Moisture: Wood is susceptible to moisture damage, leading to warping, rot, or
mold if not properly treated or maintained, especially in damp environments.
● Noise: Wooden floors can creak or squeak as the joists shift or settle over time, which may be
bothersome in quiet settings.
● Insulation Challenges: Wood flooring may not provide as much thermal or acoustic insulation
compared to other flooring systems, leading to higher heating and cooling costs or increased
noise transmission.
● Limited Span: The span of a single joist system is limited, requiring more joists and potentially
increasing construction time and cost for larger spaces.
● Pest Issues: Wooden structures can be susceptible to pests like termites, which can compromise
the integrity of the flooring if not managed properly.
DOUBLE JOIST WOODEN FLOOR
A double joist timber floor is a type of flooring system that consists of two parallel rows of wooden
beams or joists, spaced apart and supported by load-bearing walls or beams.
BENEFITS OF DOUBLE JOIST TIMBER FLOOR
● Double joists provide greater load-bearing capacity, making them suitable for heavier
applications.
● It offer improved structural stability, reducing the risk of warping or sagging over time.
● It can accommodate thicker insulation, enhancing thermal performance and energy efficiency.
● The added mass can help minimize sound transfer between floors.
● It can be easily adaptable to various designs and architectural needs.
● It offers a warm, natural look that can complement various interior styles.
● It increase floor longevity by enhancing strength and resilience, reducing wear and tear, and
minimizing the need for repairs or maintenance.
 DISADVANTAGE OF DOUBLE JOIST WOODEN
FLOORING
● Increased Material Costs: Using double joists requires more lumber, which can significantly
increase material costs compared to single joist systems.
● Weight: The additional joists add more weight to the structure, which might necessitate a
stronger foundation or additional structural support.
● Installation Complexity: Installing double joists can be more complex and labor-intensive,
requiring more time and effort to ensure proper alignment and spacing.
● Limited Space for Insulation: With double joists, there may be less space for insulation between
them, potentially affecting thermal performance.
● Reduced Airflow: The closer spacing of joists can limit airflow in crawl spaces or attics, which
may lead to moisture issues and decreased ventilation.
● Potential for Squeaking: While double joists can provide more support, improper installation or
movement over time can still lead to squeaking, especially if they are not secured well.
● Cost of Labor: The increased complexity in installation might lead to higher labor costs,
especially if hiring professionals.
TRIPLE JOIST WOODEN FLOOR
A triple joist timber floor is a type of flooring system that utilizes three parallel wooden joists to
provide support and stability to the floor structure. This type of floor is commonly used in
construction projects, particularly for buildings that require a strong and durable foundation.
BENEFITS OF TRIPLE JOIST TIMBER FLOOR
● The triple joist system provides extra structural support, reducing the chances of floor sagging
or movement over time.
● It can handle heavier loads compared to single or double joist systems, making it suitable for
areas with high foot traffic or heavy furniture.
● The additional joists help distribute weight more evenly, reducing wear and tear on the
floorboards and extending the floor's lifespan.
● The triple joist structure minimizes creaking and other noise, providing quieter flooring.
● It offers greater resistance to warping and flexing, ensuring a more level and stable surface over
time.
DISADVANTAGE OF TRIPLE JOIST WOODEN FLOORING

● Higher Cost: The extra materials and labor involved in installing a triple joist system make it
significantly more expensive than single or double joist options.
● Complex Installation: Installing triple joists requires precise measurements and skilled labor,
increasing installation time and complexity.
● Weight: The added weight of a triple joist system can place more strain on a building's structure,
which may not be ideal for all types of buildings.
● Limited Accessibility: The dense joist layout can make it harder to run utilities like wiring,
plumbing, or HVAC systems through the floor space.
● Potential Overengineering: In some cases, the additional support provided by triple joists may
be unnecessary, making it an inefficient use of materials and resources.
SINGLE
JOIST DOUBLE JOIST TRIPLE JOIST
FLOORING FLOORING FLOORING

JOIST BINDER JOIST

JOIST GRIDER
BINDER
 Innovations in Timber
Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT):

● Development: Increasing use in high-rise buildings and

commercial structures due to its strength, stability, and
sustainability.
● Innovations: New manufacturing techniques enhance
dimensional stability and fire resistance.

Glue-Laminated Timber (Glulam):

● Advancements: Improved adhesive technologies allow for larger

and more complex structural designs.
● Applications: Used in bridges and large-span structures, offering
design flexibility and aesthetic appeal.
 Maintenance of Wooden Flooring

There are a few precautions to take when you are caring for your wooden floors
First thing to remember would be to wipe off spills of all kinds on your floor immediately. You can dust
or mop your floor with a slightly damp microfiber cloth. But avoid using water, soaps or detergents to
clean it. Using a vacuum cleaner is the best way to remove any dirt. Additionally, use objects like rugs
or rubber pads to protect your floor from any scratches that your furniture pieces may cause.
ADVANTAGES
There are many benefits associated with wooden flooring that will make sense for your long-term as
well as short-term plans.

Durable
These floors, natural, factory-made or synthetic, last for at least 20 years in your home. There’s a wide
variety of these products available in the market. In fact, some of them are even stain-resistant.

Value-Adding
Since these wooden flooring tiles can last for numerous years, they end up increasing the property
value of many homes.

Great in Appearance
Wooden tiles look richer and more expensive in comparison to other common tiles. Additionally, wood
can add warmth in any space and make it appear cosier

Versatile
Wooden tiles complement almost all kinds of interior styles. You can play around with the different
hues that are available in the market.
ADVANTAGES
● Timber provides a natural, warm, and timeless look that enhances the beauty of interiors
and exteriors.
● When properly maintained, timber is long-lasting and can withstand heavy use.
● Timber is eco-friendly if sourced from responsibly managed forests, as it is renewable
and biodegradable.
● It has good thermal and acoustic insulating properties, making it energy-efficient and
sound-dampening.
● Timber can be used in various applications, from flooring to furniture, and can be easily
shaped and customized.
DISADVANTAGE OF WOODEN FLOORING
Easily Scratchable
Wooden flooring may be prone to scratches and dents if not maintained properly. In some cases, like
for synthetic tiles, these can be irreversible, and the only option then is to replace the tile. However,
for natural wooden surfaces, you can sand and reseal them to make them look like new again.

Requires Regular Cleaning

Wood can be hard to maintain for some people. Apart from regular cleaning, it also needs protection
from moisture and termites and hence, resealing it yearly is necessary. You must also wipe off any
spills immediately, as your floor is susceptible to staining.

Wooden Flooring Cost

Solid wood tiles are considered the most expensive flooring tiles in the market. And sometimes, you
may even find laminate flooring to be relatively more expensive than ceramic or vitrified flooring.

Moisture Damage
Controlling moisture damage in these flooring tiles can be a little challenging. In worst conditions,
the synthetic tiles are prone to swelling and breaking, while the natural tiles are prone to cupping
and discolouration.
DISADVANTAGE OF WOODEN FLOORING
● Timber can be easily scratched, dented, or damaged by moisture, pests, and extreme weather.
● It requires regular cleaning, resealing, and protection against termites and rot.
● While natural timber can be sanded and resealed, repairs and maintenance can be expensive.
● Harvesting timber contributes to deforestation if not sustainably sourced.
● Timber is flammable and requires treatment for fire resistance.
 COSTING OF TIMBER

Wooden Flooring Cost

Type of Wooden Biggest Cost Per sq. ft. Installation
Flooring Advantage Charges
(Per sq. ft.)

Hardwood Floor Can last for up to ₹400 to ₹1,500 ₹200 to ₹500

100 years

Engineered Wood Floor Moisture-proofed ₹80 to ₹300 ₹40

in factories

Wooden Laminate Floor Relatively inexpensive ₹70 to ₹150 ₹50

BAMBOO FLOORING
 BAMBOO
● Bamboo is not a hardwood, despite having many of the same characteristics as wood. Bamboo is
officially a kind of grass that when grown can be processed into a product. Compared to
hardwood, this product is far stronger and denser.
● Bamboo grows far more quickly than hardwood and is a 100% renewable resource.
● Because of its big diameter, color, structure, density, and better strength, it is ideal for flooring
and paneling.
● After the first 24 hours of sprouting in the spring, bamboo can grow 2 to 3 feet every day on
average. The bamboo stalk is ready to be harvested after five years and processed into panels and
flooring.
● Bamboo is a naturally beautiful, strong, and sustainable substitute for the finite supply of "slow
growth" hardwoods.
 BENEFITS OF BAMBOO
● The benefits of bamboo flooring include its good natural qualities.
● Winters are warm, and summers are cool. There will be no warping or cracking with the minimum shrink
rate.
● Cost-effective with savings on the cost of raw materials and renovation
● High-end bamboo flooring costs the same as mid- or low-end timber flooring, but it is twice as strong in
terms of hardness, bending strength, and compression strength.
● Economical with reductions in running costs
● Reduces the cost of power
● Reduces the need for personnel and cleaning supplies
● Avoids using steam cleaning
● Eco-Friendly
● One type of regenerating grass is bamboo.In a refurbishment cycle, a 25-year warranty may be taken into
account.
* Biologically Based

Every five years, a full bamboo regenerates.

* Durable -Offers extended life

Properly collected and constructed natural, carbonized bamboo may withstand just as much wear and tear as
red oak. Bamboo with a carbonized strand weave is produced with much more vigor.

* Easy Maintenance - Saves money

* Long Life Product - Saves Money* All you need to do is apply a basic dry dust every day, damp wipe stains
every day, and floor steam every month to sanitize.
 PROCESSING OF BAMBOO FLOORING
HOW TO MAKE BAMBOO FLOORING

MAKING STRIPS:

The bamboo pole is first cut into lengths and subsequently into strips when it has grown and matured. The
bamboo strips are completely stripped of their outer green layer and treated to stave off insects and mold. After
that, they are heated and bleached to remove the sugars and give the substance a caramel-brown hue. After
that, the strips are kiln dried.

Setting bamboo strips in different ways leads to different bamboo panel constructions and look. The side press
panel, which is vertical, and the plain press panel, which is horizontal, are examples of traditional panels.
PRESSING HORIZONTALLY: Plain Pressed

High pressure is applied to bind the horizontally arranged bamboo strips together.

The finished board or panel will display the broad, distinctive bamboo node pattern.

PRESSING VERTICALLY: Side Pressed

Under intense pressure, the bamboo strips are cemented together

sideways. The finished board or panel will have a thin line pattern with
faintly discernible bamboo nodes.

STRAND WOVEN/COMPRESSED: Density

A 100% tougher material than oak is produced by smashing, fusing, intensely

compressing, and molding bamboo strips into logs. The hardest bamboo flooring is
this one.
 STRUCTURE OF BAMBOO FLOORING
Strand Woven Structure (SWS)

Minimal Shrinkage Rate: No Cracking & Warping.

Strand woven bamboo flooring is created by applying pressure to the "strands" of the bamboo stripes and
utilizing a low-VOC, heat-sensitive glue. Under a cold press set at 2,500 pounds, bamboo poles are broken,
shredded into separate strands, and then welded together. The block is cut into a flooring system and coated
after the curing process.
Horizontal-Compressed Structure (HCS)

Bamboo flooring that is compressed horizontally is flat pressed and composed

of three plies. On all three players, the bamboo strips are pressed in the same way. The classic, distinguishing
"Knuckle or grain" feature of horizontal bamboo flooring is repeated throughout the board.

Vertical-Compressed Structure (VCS)

Bamboo flooring that is vertically compressed is side-pressed and composed of

one plies. The bamboo strips are aligned on the edge then bonded and pressed vertically to minimize the
appearance of "knuckles or texture" and create a smoother, more flowing look.
 BAMBOO FLOORING PRODUCT OVERVIEW
1. Strand Woven Bamboo Flooring 3. Vertical Solid Bamboo Flooring

-10mm Thickness Series -Original Series

Original Series -Wire Brushed Finish Series

Coloring Series 4. Outdoor Bamboo Decking

2. Horizontal Solid Bamboo Flooring

-10mm Thickness Series

- Original Series

-Coloring Series
STRANDED WOVEN BAMBOO FLOORING
STRANDED WOVEN BAMBOO FLOORING
STRANDED WOVEN BAMBOO FLOORING
HORIZONTAL SOLID BAMBOO
HORIZONTAL SOLID BAMBOO
VERTICAL SOLID BAMBOO FLOORING
VERTICAL SOLID BAMBOO FLOORING
OUTDOOR BAMBOO DECKING
OUTDOOR BAMBOO DECKING
 INSTALLATION
Step one -Preparation

The flooring planks should be unpacked and allowed to sit in the installation area for at least 3-5 days to
acclimatize. After the temperature and humidity reach the same level as the area in which they are to be
instilled, begin installation.

Step Two Start Installation

Be sure that the installation area is clean and free from any dust, dirt or debris.

1. Underlay

An underlay can be spread on the sub-floor to avoid moisture and absorb noise.

2. Bamboo Planks-Installation Method

General installation method for tongue & groove planks:

Floating Floor System This installation method requires a level flooring finish.
Screw or Nail Down Method

Screw or nail the bamboo planks onto a wooden sub-base of cross-ply board. For an uneven floor with a
deviation within 5mm, a sub-floor of plywood to level the floor can be used with this installation method.

Glue Down Method

Installation method for Valinge click system bamboo planks: Floating Flooring System.

Step Three - Accommodation

Determine a suitable gap width between the flooring planks that will accomodate the local conditions. High
humidity climates require wider spacing between the flooring planks to allow for natural expansion and
contraction. Wax and seal the resulting gaps when the installations are completed.
 MODERN ALTERNATIVE TO BAMBOO FLOORING

Recycled metal tiles. Cork. Reclaimed wood.

Linoleum(Marmoleum) Concrete with recycled aggregates.

 MAINTENANCE AND COSTING FOR BAMBOO
Care & Maintenance
● To clean & maintain your bamboo floor:
● Dry Dust - Wipe - Floor Steam System
● Dry dust daily
● Soft or damp wipe stains daily
● Floor steam to sanitize monthly

Cost per Square Foot

● Strand-Woven*: ₹300 - ₹700
● Horizontal/Vertical*: ₹200 - ₹500
● Installation Cost*: ₹150 - ₹400 per square foot, depending on region and labor rates.
● Total Estimated Cost*: For a 1,000 sq. ft. area, total costs range from ₹4,50,000 to
₹11,00,000, including materials and installation.
 APPLICATIONS
CEPT University, Ahmedabad:
Bamboo House
CEPT University incorporates
Architecture,
bamboo in its design practices,
Dwarkadhish
including flooring in some
Temple - Rani Ki
experimental spaces and
Vav Somnath
eco-sensitive structures.

Gir National Park Saputara Hill Station Resorts:

Resorts: Adopted some eco-tourism resorts use
bamboo flooring bamboo flooring and
as part of their construction materials to
sustainable blend with the natural
architecture. environment.
 PROCESS OF BAMBOO FLOORING
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i4jEcURnM-E&t=33

Group members:-
13-Anshi Dave
15-Jimit Devani
19-Geetanjali Issrani
23-Isha Bakriwala
25-Janak Kataria
37-Kkavya Mehta
41-Eva Lakhani
44-Kunal Malviya
59-Diya Patel
71-Kashish Saraogi