Information Technology

OpenOffice
Code 402

CLASS – 10

Novel International School 2024-25

CHAPTER 23: Importance of Workplace Safety

A. Select the correct option.

1. A key strategy to prevent fire is to remove ………………………………… .
b. Heat, oxygen and fuel
2. A fire can be caused by ………………………………… .
c. Both of these
3. Falls and trips can be prevented by ………………………………… .
c. Both of these
4 ........................... is initiated by current passing between two conducting metals through ionised gas.
a. Arc fault
5. The type of first aid equipment and training required depends on ………………………………… .
b. Both of these

B. Write T for True and F for False.

1. Training is not necessary to become a first-aider. (False)
2. A proper first aid program is a legal and moral obligation of all employees in many countries. (True)
3. A risk assessment at the workplace should include fire prevention, fire detection and warning,
and emergency escape and fire-fighting. (True)
4. Slips happen where there is friction or traction between the footwear and walking surface. (False)
5. A fuse is designed to ‘blow’ and cut off the electricity when the current exceeds its rated capacity.
(True)

C. Answer the following questions.

1. Write briefly about any three fire safety rules.
FIRE SAFETY RULES
The following fire safety rules, if implemented correctly, can prevent and reduce fire hazards:
• Carry Out a Fire Safety Risk Assessment: Employers should carry out a risk assessment at
the workplace, which can include fire prevention, fire detection and warning, and emergency
escape, and firefighting. Fire needs three elements—heat, oxygen, and fuel. Without these
elements, a fire will not start or spread. Hence, a key strategy to prevent fire is to remove one
or more of these elements. The risk assessment should include detail on all the three elements
to minimize the risk of a fire starting and/or spreading. A fire prevention strategy should be
built based on this assessment.

• Keep the Workplace Clean: A clean and tidy workplace helps prevent fire threats,
especially, if it handles a lot of flammable material. Such material should be stored in a
safe environment; away from flames. An untidy workplace results in clutter, which acts
like fuel for the fire to spread and also prevents access to exits and emergency
equipment like fire extinguishers and sprinkler systems. Also, smoking should not be
allowed at the workplace.

• Maintain Electrical Safety: A faulty wiring and malfunctioning of electrical equipment can
lead to voltage fluctuations or short circuit that can further be a reason or cause of fire at
workplace. Even defective wiring, overloaded sockets or plugs, and equipment that are old and
faulty may lead to heating of cables and equipment, which in turn can lead to fire. Regular
inspection and maintenance of electrical equipment should become a compulsory and regular
practice to prevent overheating or sparking of cables or equipment.

2. List some of the common causes of slips and trips at workplaces.

Common causes of slips or trips are:
• Poor lighting
• Trailing cables
• Unsuitable floor coverings
• Uneven or damaged floor surfaces
• Contaminated floor surfaces due to liquid or grease
• Poor housekeeping
• Occasional spills
3. Mention some important measures that can be taken to prevent slips and falls at workplaces.
Following are some of the ways by which one can prevent slips, trips, and falls around the workplace:

• Keep Walking Surfaces Clean and Free of Clutter: Keeping walking surfaces clear, can help
reduce the potential for injury. An unobstructed path minimizes the risk for an employee to trip
over an object and it also reduces the chances of a spill that could lead to a slip.

• Lighting: Proper lighting inside and outside of the workplace can help illuminate areas, like steps
or other hazards that can cause trips if they are hidden by darkness or shadows. By installing
proper lighting, one can reduce the chances of people slipping or falling.

• Signage: Using clear and well-placed signage can help call attention to potential problem areas.
A sign indicating a step, gap, uneven ground, or loose rocks will bring the employees’ attention
to the hazard and increase awareness and attentiveness. Reflective tape can also be used to
highlight such problem areas.

• Stairways/Handrails: Stairs are most popular place for falls at the workplace. To reduce the risk
of such injuries, stairwells should have handrails, be kept clear of clutter, well lit, and free from
any unsecured objects, like rugs and carpets. The first and last stair should always be well
marked.

4. Which measures should be included in the electric safety programs of organizations?

Following measures should be included in the electric safety programs of organizations:
• Electrical installations should be done and maintained by a competent person and
checked regularly.
• Extension cables, plugs, sockets, and other flexible leads and their connections that are
particularly prone to damage should be visually checked, maintained, and where necessary,
replaced before using any equipment.
• Correct cable connectors or couplers should be used to join cables together; taped joints
should not be allowed.
• Socket outlets should not be overloaded by the use of adaptors.
• Electrically powered equipment should be used.

5. What is the primary goal of first aid? What should the training of a first-aid program include?

First aid is the emergency care given immediately to an injured person. It is given to minimize injury
and future disability. In serious cases, first aid may be necessary to keep the affected person alive.

The overall goals of first aid are to:

• keep the victim alive.
• prevent the victim’s condition from worsening.
• keep the victim awake until help arrives.
The training of a first-aid program includes:
• The first few minutes after an accident or emergency are extremely important. In a lot of cases,
the recovery of the victims and their lives depend on the first-aid provided at the scene of the
accident. In such a situation, a person who is trained in first-aid can stop the condition of the
affected person from becoming worse and even save lives.
• Prompt, properly administered first aid care can mean the difference between life and death,
rapid versus prolonged recovery, and temporary versus permanent disability.
• We have seen that it is important to have qualified first-aiders at the workplace. There are
nationally accredited training courses as well as certain other equivalent courses available to
empower people to become qualified first-aiders. Only employees trained in first aid should
assist a victim. As part of their emergency training, employees should know how to respond
during an injury or illness situation, while not causing any further damage.
CHAPTER 24: Preventing Accidents and Emergencies

A. Select the correct option.

1. A workplace emergency is unforeseen situations that can threaten ………………………………… .
c. Both a and b
2. A radiation leak is an example of a ………………………………… .
b. Manmade hazard
3. Natural hazards occur because of natural incidents that include factors, like ………………………………… .
b. Meteorological, geological, and biological
4. The reasons of cuts and lacerations to the body from equipment include ………………………………… .
c. Both a and b
5. Manmade disasters include ………………………………… .
a. Civil disturbances

B. Fill in the blanks.

1. Problems may not only occur from direct contact with fires, but because of .......................... caused
due to the smoke generated. (Asphyxiation)
2. The .......................... of toxic liquid or chemicals in the workplace can cause harm to people working
there. (Accidental release)
3. Employers must provide workers with.......................... , such as safety goggles that they need to
avoid
dangerous exposure. (Protective equipment)
4. In case of a serious accident, access to the accident site should be .......................... to avoid any
further accidents. (Blocked)
5 ........................... at the workplace is an event that is an unplanned, unintended, and unexpected
incident. (An accident)

C. Answer the following questions.

1. What are accidents and emergencies?
Ans: An accident at a workplace is an event that is an unplanned, unintended, and unexpected. It can
happen due to various factors that a person faces at the workplace. Such accidents can cause minor to
severe physical injury or even result in death. This may either be due to a risk that has not been
identified or identified but not properly controlled.
A workplace emergency is an unforeseen situation that threatens the employees, customers, or
public. It disrupts the company’s operations and even sometimes causes physical or environmental
damage. The hazards leading to accidents and emergencies may be natural or manmade.

2. Name any four types of accidents that can occur at the workplace? Explain them
in brief.
Ans: Slips, Trips, and Falls: Slips and trips can result in falls. Slips can occur due to
slippery floor, leaks from materials or debris left in walkways, uneven floor or
working surfaces, protruding nails and boards, bunched up floor mats or uneven
carpeting, holes or depressions in working surfaces, or uneven stairs.

Getting Caught in or Between Hazards: Sometimes minor cave-ins, such as being pulled into or
caught in machinery and equipment or being compressed or crushed between rolling, sliding, or
shifting objects also happen at the workplace.

Struck by Moving Equipment or Objects or Walking into Objects: Collisions could occur with heavy
equipment or any moving object kept either at the same level or from an object falling from the
above. A working person can also accidentally walk into an object and get injured.

Vehicle-Related Accidents: Accidents due to a crash or impact injuries are also quite frequent in
workplaces. These often involve cars, lorries, or even small vehicles, such as forklift trucks, and at
times result in serious injuries.
3. What are the types of disasters leading to accidents and emergencies? Give some examples.
Slips, Trips, and Falls: Slips and trips can result in falls. Slips can occur due to slippery floor, leaks
from materials or debris left in walkways, uneven floor or working surfaces.

Getting Caught in or Between Hazards: Sometimes minor cave-ins, such as being pulled into or caught
in machinery and equipment or being compressed or crushed between rolling, sliding, or shifting
objects also happen at the workplace.

Struck by Moving Equipment or Objects or Walking into Objects: Collisions could occur with heavy
equipment or any moving object kept either at the same level or from an object falling from the
above. A working person can also accidentally walk into an object and get injured.

Vehicle-Related Accidents: Accidents due to a crash or impact injuries are also quite frequent in
workplaces. These often involve cars, lorries, or even small vehicles, such as forklift trucks, and at
times result in serious injuries.

Fire and Explosions: Accidents also happen because of fire or other explosive substances. In such
cases, problems may not only occur from direct contact with fires, but also because of asphyxiation,
which is caused due to the smoke generated from the fires.
4. Mention some preventive measures that can be taken to prevent accidents at the workplace.
Mention some preventive measures that can be taken to prevent accidents at the workplace.
Some of the preventive measures, to prevent accidents, are:
• Employers must provide workers with protective equipment, such as safety goggles and other
gear they need, to avoid dangerous exposure.
• Reminding employees to be vigilant.
• Removing clutter and putting it out of the way so that people would not step on it and
fall accidently.
• Effective procedures for dealing with employee grievances can help reduce the risk of fights in
the workplace; which could otherwise, result in nasty injuries.
• Good training, clear signage, and access to the necessary safety equipment can all be a big help.
• Regular risk assessments are also important.

5. What are some points to take care of while handling an accident at the workplace?
Ans. Even when organizations take appropriate workplace safety precautions and measures to
avoid injuries, accidents can happen. In such cases, how employers respond to these accidents can
make all the difference. When an injury occurs, the person in charge should follow proper protocols
to handle a work-related injury or illness. Some such protocols are as follows: Care for the Affected
Employee: The employees’ safety comes first and getting an injured employee preliminary
treatment quickly is crucial.
• A proper evaluation of the situation should be done.
• An employee, who is trained in first-aid, should attend to the injured person right away.
• In an emergency situation, an ambulance should be called. In non-emergency situations,
the injured employee should be taken to a medical care facility at the earliest.
• The family of the employee should be notified immediately about the situation.
Secure the Scene and Evacuation: In case of a serious accident, access to the accident site should
be blocked to avoid any further damage. The site of a serious accident needs to be secured as
quickly as possible to preserve the physical evidence for investigative purposes.
If there is a potential of the other employees being affected, an evacuation of the premises should
be carried out to prevent further injuries or fatalities. The operations of the workplace need to be
shut down in such emergencies.
Proper Reporting of the Accident: After ensuring the employees’ safety, proper paperwork and
documentation must be completed. The accident’s report should be completed to help investigate
the accident and the required documents for processing the claim from the insurance company
should be filled in.
CHAPTER 25: Protecting Health and Safety

A. Select the correct option.

1. A workplace hazard refers to a situation within the workplace that has the potential to cause
……………………… .
c. Both a and b
2. Some of the hazardous physical agents at a workplace include ……………………… .
a. Radiation
3. One of the most important ways of avoiding potential injuries during work is ……………………… .
b. Identifying possible hazards before accidents occur
4. During the development of an evacuation plan, one must think about ……………………… .
c. Both a and b
5. Healthy snacks at a workplace include ……………………… .
b. Fruits and nuts

B. Fill in the blanks.

1. A ........................is any agent that can cause harm or damage to human life, property, or the
environment. (Hazard)
2 ......................... practices at work like sitting for long hours and incorrect posture can cause stress
injuries to muscles or bones. (Unhealthy)
3. A good workplace........................ results in long term health and wellness amongst the employees.
(Health program)
4. Good health and fitness require a ........................ commitment and discipline. (Long-term)
5. Apart from physical health, a ........................ health program should also be created for the
employees. (Mental)

C. Answer the following questions.

1. What are workplace hazards? Why is it important to identify and monitor hazards at the
workplace?
Ans: Every workplace has its own unique environment and equipment. It is important that all
potential emergency situations, like accidents, injuries, and health issues should be anticipated and
identified so as to be prepared with a proper response plan, when and if such incidences occur. This
will result in controlling the threats to human life and damage to property. It should not be just a
one-time activity but an ongoing process. Proper planning will result in an effective safety and
health program at the workplace.
• Give any three examples of workplace
hazards. Ans: Three examples of workplace
hazards are: Improperly fitted or guarded
moving parts that can hit a person
• Getting hit by sharp edges, corners, or parts that are protruding out from the equipment

• Working at potentially hazardous places, like heights where there is possibility of a fall, or narrow
places where one could get trapped
2. When does it become necessary to evacuate a workplace?
Ans: At the workplace, emergencies may arise due to several hazards. Often, the best protection in an
emergency is to move out from where one is and shift to a safer place. When there are emergencies, like
fires, hazardous chemical spills, radiation leakages, terrorism threats, or some health crisis, the workplace
may need to be evacuated. For example, when a building catches fire, everyone in it must leave it and move
out to a pre-decided safe area.

3. Mention any three tips for healthy living of working people.

Ans: Three tips for healthy living of working people are:
• Eating Healthy: It is said, ‘You are what you eat’. Having a healthy breakfast in the morning, lunch
that is nutritious and avoiding junk and fried food are some of the key factors in maintaining
one’s health.
 • Having Adequate Amount of Water: While working, one tends to lose track of the amount of
water consumed. Drinking adequate amount of water is extremely essential to maintain the
body temperature and other important functions of the body.
• Limit Drinks with Caffeine: Office goers often get into the habit of having tea, coffee, or
other caffeinated beverages frequently and in large amounts.

4. What are the benefits of a workplace helping its employees to make wise food choices and active
living?

Ans: The availability of healthy food at the workplace, like fresh fruits and dry fruits, healthy snacks,
juices, and healthy food in the canteen as well as during official programs and meetings can establish
a culture of eating healthy at the workplace. This would, in turn, result in employees making healthy
food choices in their personal life too.

SECTION 4: APPLICATION BASED QUESTIONS (UNSOLVED)

1. You go to a restaurant with your friends and find that some un-insulated electric wires are hanging lose
from some electrical outlets. Also, there is no fire-fighting equipment around. What safety measures would
you suggest to the restaurant manager?
Ans: An electric safety program should be established by all organizations and followed properly.
• Electrical installations should be done and maintained by a competent person and
checked regularly.
• Extension cables, plugs, sockets, and other flexible leads and their connections that are
particularly prone to damage should be visually checked, maintained, and where necessary,
replaced before using any equipment.
• Correct cable connectors or couplers should be used to join cables together; taped joints
should not be allowed.
• Electrically powered equipment should be used.
• A fuse protects the device from over current. It is designed to ‘blow’ and cut off the
electricity when the current exceeds its rated capacity.
• It is important to ensure that the correct fuse is used for all appliances.
• Employees working in areas where there are potential electrical hazards must be provided
with appropriate, safe, and tested protective equipment.
2. A new mall has opened in Rahul’s city. On visiting it, he almost slipped on the wet floor, which was being
cleaned by the cleaners. Also, there was no railing on the stairs that go to the second floor of the building
and the area near the stairs was also not well-lit. What suggestions should Rahul give to the mall manager
to make the mall a safer place?
Ans: Rahul should ask the mall manager to have stairways/Handrails in order to reduce the risk of such
injuries, stairwells should have handrails, be kept clear of clutter, well lit, and free from any unsecured
objects, like rugs and carpets. The first and last stair should always be well marked.
They should also provide ladders and accessible step stools can help reduce the chances of a fall by helping
employees reach heights safely. Availability of these, reduces the chances of employees using unstable
objects or other furniture to climb.

3. Rohit visits an office where people sit for hours on computers and work. He finds that the personnel are
suffering from back problems and eye strain. What suggestions can he give to the management to correct
this situation?

Ans: Most office systems are computerised now and staring at computer screens
for hours while working causes eyestrain and damage to them in the long run. Rohit can suggest the
following points:
At least an arms-length distance should be maintained from the screen. One must also look away from the
screen at regular intervals to reduce eyestrain and long-term damage to the eyes.
One should take short breaks every half an hour, performing desk exercises or even having standing
desks at the workplace.

4. Vandana has been recently promoted as a manager in her office and wants to improve and maintain
hygiene in her office. What advise should she give to the people working in the office in order to maintain
a clean and healthy environment?
Ans: Office desks, copy machines, computer screens, and keyboards as well as mobile screens are some of
the places that have a lot of microbes, which may cause infections. Vandana can ask the employees to clean
all the objects used at the workplace regularly, using surface disinfectants and sanitizing wipes. One must
wash one’s hands regularly with soap to stay healthy and germ-free.

5. Kalpana is a manager. She has been shifted to a new branch of her company. On reaching there, she
notices that the employees are overworked, tired, and stressed and aren’t as efficient or productive as
they should be. What action should she take to build a better work culture at the new branch?

Ans: Kalpana can educate employees with work-life balance and can also encourage physical fitness to
refresh themselves by working out and staying energized for the entire day. She can inform employees that
drinking adequate amount of water is extremely essential to maintain the body temperature and other
important functions of the body.

SECTION 5: SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (UNSOLVED)

1. What are the damaging effects of electric shocks, arc faults, arc flash, and arc blast?
Ans: An electric shock is a shock that occurs when a person comes in contact with a source of
electrical energy. A person experiences a shock when this electrical energy flows through the
body.
An arc fault is initiated by the passing of the current between the two conducting metals
through ionized gas or vapour, which is caused by a flashover or other conductive material.
An arc fault results in a massive electrical explosion. This results in an arc flash, which is the light
and heat from the explosion and an arc blast, which is a pressure wave that follows.

2. Describe a typical first-aid kit.

Ans: The first aid kit should include basic equipment for administering first aid for
injuries. In order to know what contents are actually needed inside a first aid kit, a
risk assessment of the workplace is required. The kits must be identifiable with a
white cross on a green background and made of a material that will protect its
contents from dust, moisture, and contamination.

3. After an accident occurs, what measures should be taken to prevent its recurrence?
Ans: The preferable scenario is, of course, to prevent accidents by providing adequate safety
equipment and putting the right procedures, including training, in place.
Some of the preventive measures, to prevent accidents, are:
• Employers must provide workers with protective equipment, such as safety goggles and other
gear they need, to avoid dangerous exposure.
• Reminding employees to be vigilant.
• Removing clutter and putting it out of the way so that people would not step on it and
fall accidently.

4. What are the aspects that one must consider while developing an evacuation plan?
Ans: Preparing a proper emergency action plan, which should include the following:
• There should be an emergency evacuation plan ready for emergencies.
• There should be clearly marked and well lit, unobstructed evacuation routes and emergency exits.
• Employees should be able to have an access to lists with names and telephone numbers
of emergency contacts.
• Procedures for employees to shut down critical plant operations, operate fire extinguishers, or
perform other essential services before evacuating should be clearly communicated as a part of
the emergency plan.
• Employees should be trained in first-aid procedures.
• Practice drills for emergency action plans should be regularly conducted.
 • Make sure emergency/ fire alarms are recognized by all the employees.
• Employers should have a reporting system in place for all accidents and dangerous incidents.

5. How can employee manage stress at the workplace to avoid some potential health issues?
Ans: Try to juggle the roles and responsibilities at work and home can lead to exhaustion and mental
stress. This may impact the quality of life and also have an adverse effect on the physical health. One
great way to beat stress is to do things one enjoys. These may include spending time with family or
friends, watching movies, listening to music, reading books, and exercising. A healthy work-life
balance can help to avoid future mental and physical health issues.

SECTION 6: LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (UNSOLVED)

1. As a part of the first-aid training, what knowledge should be given to the trainees?
Ans: The first few minutes after an accident or emergency are extremely important. In a lot of cases, the
recovery of the victims and their lives depend on the first-aid provided at the scene of the accident. In such a
situation, a person who is trained in first-aid can stop the condition of the affected person from becoming
worse and even save lives. Prompt, properly administered first aid care can mean the difference between life
and death, rapid versus prolonged recovery, and temporary versus permanent disability. It is important to
have qualified first-aiders at the workplace. There are nationally accredited training courses as well as
certain other equivalent courses available to empower people to become qualified first-aiders. Only
employees trained in first aid should assist a victim. As part of their emergency training, employees should
know how to respond during an injury or illness situation, while not causing any further damage.

2. What are the electric safety measures that should be taken by the organizations to prevent electrical

accidents?
Ans: An electric safety program should be established by all organizations and followed properly.
• Electrical installations should be done and maintained by a competent person and checked regularly.
• Extension cables, plugs, sockets, and other flexible leads and their connections that are particularly
prone to damage should be visually checked, maintained, and where necessary, replaced before
using any equipment.
• Correct cable connectors or couplers should be used to join cables together; taped joints should not
be allowed.
• Socket outlets should not be overloaded by the use of adaptors.
• Electrically powered equipment should be used.
• Fixed electrical equipment should have a clearly identified switch to cut off power in an emergency.
• A fuse protects the device from over current. It is designed to ‘blow’ and cut off the electricity
when the current exceeds its rated capacity.

3. What are the different types of accidents that can occur at a workplace?
Ans: The different types of accidents that can occur at a workplace includes:
• Slips, Trips, and Falls: Slips and trips can result in falls. Slips can occur due to
slippery floor, leaks from materials or debris left in walkways, uneven floor or
working surfaces, protruding nails and boards, bunched up floor mats or uneven
carpeting, holes or depressions in working surfaces, or uneven stairs.
• Getting Caught in or Between Hazards: Sometimes minor cave-ins, such as being pulled into or
caught in machinery and equipment or being compressed or crushed between rolling, sliding, or
shifting objects also happen at the workplace.
• Struck by Moving Equipment or Objects or Walking into Objects: Collisions could occur with heavy
equipment or any moving object kept either at the same level or from an object falling from the
above. A working person can also accidentally walk into an object and get injured.

• Vehicle-Related Accidents: Accidents due to a crash or impact injuries are also quite frequent
in workplaces. These often involve cars, lorries, or even small vehicles, such as forklift trucks,
and at times result in serious injuries.
 • Fire and Explosions: Accidents also happen because of fire or other explosive substances. In such
cases, problems may not only occur from direct contact with fires, but also because of
asphyxiation, which is caused due to the smoke generated from the fires.

4. What are the important features of an effective emergency action plan?

Ans: Preparing a proper emergency action plan, this should include the following:
• There should be an emergency evacuation plan ready for emergencies.
• There should be clearly marked and well lit, unobstructed evacuation routes and emergency exits.
• Employees should be able to have an access to lists with names and telephone numbers
of emergency contacts.
• Procedures for employees to shut down critical plant operations, operate fire extinguishers, or
perform other essential services before evacuating should be clearly communicated as a part of
the emergency plan.
• Employees should be trained in first-aid procedures.
• Practice drills for emergency action plans should be regularly conducted.

5. What steps should be followed in case of an evacuation?

Ans: In the event of an emergency, such as a fire or chemical spill, which requires evacuation, always
consider the following points:
• The first person to notice the emergency should activate the emergency alarm or
inform a senior officer and proceed to leave the building immediately.
• On noticing a hazard, be safe and then alert the emergency control personnel of your
organization as soon as possible. If unsafe, then, on reaching a safe location and distance,
alert the personnel and call the relevant emergency services, like the fire department with
the information about the emergency and its location. Medical services, like hospitals and
ambulance can also be called if there are any injured people that require medical attention.
• On hearing an evacuation alarm, or on instruction of emergency control personnel, all
personnel should immediately stop all the activities and follow the evacuation procedure. Do
not attempt to collect personal items except for your wallet or purse. If there is an
emergency kit nearby, take it with you.
• Shut down any hazardous equipment or processes, if practical, without endangering yourself
or others.
• In the case of a fire, before opening a door, feel it for heat. If it is hot, do not touch or open
it. Stay low if there is smoke in the room or passageway. Do not break windows unless
absolutely necessary for ventilation and escape.
• If it is safe to leave, close doors, but do not lock them.
• Use a fire extinguisher only if it is safe to do so and you know how to use it.
• In case of a fire, do not use a lift to evacuate a building.
• Follow the directions given by the emergency control personnel and assist with the
general evacuation, if directed to do so by them.
• Help with the evacuation of the disabled personnel.
• All the people in the building should walk quickly to the nearest exit and ask the others to do
the same.
• In case there is a designated evacuation area, move calmly towards it and do not leave
the evacuation assembly area until the ‘All Clear’ has been given.
• Do not return to the building until it has been declared safe.
• Remain calm, do not panic, and proceed calmly and without pushing others towards the
exit. If the exit is blocked or crowded, use a secondary exit.
• Alert others to the nature and location of emergency on your way out.
• Assist any person in immediate danger, but only if you are safe to do so.