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Loops

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2 views

Loops

Uploaded by

tabran333
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SHELL LOOPS

WHILE LOOP
The while loop enables you to execute a set of commands repeatedly until some
condition occurs. It is usually used when you need to manipulate the value of a
variable repeatedly.

Syntax
while command
do
Statement(s) to be executed if command is true
done

Here the Shell command is evaluated. If the resulting value is true, given statement(s)

are executed. If command is false then no statement will be executed and the

program will jump to the next line after the done statement.

Example

a=0

while [ $a -lt 10 ]
do
echo $a

a=`expr $a + 1`

done

FOR LOOP

The for loop operates on lists of items. It repeats a set of commands for every item in
a list.

Syntax
for var in word1 word2 ... wordN
do
Statement(s) to be executed for every word.
done

Here var is the name of a variable and word1 to wordN are sequences of characters

separated by spaces (words). Each time the for loop executes, the value of the

variable var is set to the next word in the list of words, word1 to wordN.

Example
for var in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
do
echo $var

done

UNTIL LOOP

The while loop is perfect for a situation where you need to execute a set of
commands while some condition is true. Sometimes you need to execute a set of
commands until a condition is true.

Syntax
until command
do
Statement(s) to be executed until command is true
done

Here the Shell command is evaluated. If the resulting value is false, given statement(s)

are executed. If the command is true then no statement will be executed and the

program jumps to the next line after the done statement.

EXAMPLE
a=0

until [ ! $a -lt 10 ]
do
echo $a
a=`expr $a + 1`

done

LOOP CONTROL

The break Statement


The break statement is used to terminate the execution of the entire loop, after

completing the execution of all of the lines of code up to the break statement. It then

steps down to the code following the end of the loop.

Syntax
The following break statement is used to come out of a loop −

break

The break command can also be used to exit from a nested loop using this format −

break n

Here n specifies the nth enclosing loop to the exit from.

Example
Here is a simple example which shows that loop terminates as soon as a becomes 5

a=0
while [ $a -lt 10 ]
do
echo $a

if [ $a -eq 5 ]

then

break
fi

a=`expr $a + 1`

done

The continue statement

The continue statement is similar to the break command, except that it causes the

current iteration of the loop to exit, rather than the entire loop.

This statement is useful when an error has occurred but you want to try to execute

the next iteration of the loop.

Syntax
continue

Like with the break statement, an integer argument can be given to the continue

command to skip commands from nested loops.

continue n

Here n specifies the nth enclosing loop to continue from.

Example

NUMS="1 2 3 4 5 6 7"
for NUM in $NUMS
do
Q=`expr $NUM % 2`

if [ $Q -eq 0 ]

then

echo "Number is an even number!!"


continue

fi

echo "Found odd number"

done

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