Topic-AM, DM, Rony Parvez-14

15.06.2022
Question 1 (Rumy)
The output of a transmitter is given by 400(1 + 0.4 sin 6280𝑡) sin 3.14 × 107 𝑡. This voltage is fed to a
load of 600 Ω resistor. Determine
a) Carrier frequency,
b) Modulation frequency,
c) Carrier power,
d) Total output power &
e) Peak power output.
Solution:
Given, 𝑠(𝑡) = 400(1 + 0.4 sin 6280𝑡) sin 3.14 × 107 𝑡
We know, the standard equation for single tone AM modulation is
𝑠(𝑡) = 𝐴𝐶 [1 + 𝜇 cos(2𝜋𝑓𝑚 𝑡)] cos(2𝜋𝑓𝐶 𝑡)
This equation also can be expressed as sine function,
∴ 𝑠(𝑡) = 𝐴𝐶 [1 + 𝜇 sin(2𝜋𝑓𝑚 𝑡)] sin(2𝜋𝑓𝐶 𝑡)
a) Carrier frequency, 𝒇𝑪 = 3.14 × 107 /2𝜋 = 𝟓 𝑴𝑯𝒛
b) Modulation frequency, 𝒇𝒎 = 6280/2𝜋 = 𝟏 𝑲𝑯𝒛
c) Carrier power, 𝑷𝑪 = 𝐴2𝐶 /2𝑅 = 4002 /2 × 600 = 𝟏𝟑𝟑. 𝟑𝟑 𝑾𝒂𝒕𝒕
d) Total power output, 𝑷𝑻 = 𝑃𝐶 (1 + 𝜇 2 /2) = 133.33(1 + 0.42 /2) = 𝟏𝟒𝟒 𝑾𝒂𝒕𝒕
e) Peak Power output, 𝑃𝑃 = 𝑉𝑃2 /2𝑅
Here, Peak output voltage 𝑉𝑃 = 𝐴𝐶 + 𝐴𝑚 = 𝐴𝐶 + 𝜇𝐴𝐶 = 𝐴𝐶 (1 + 𝜇) = 400(1 + 0.4) = 560 𝑉
∴ 𝑷𝑷 = 5602 /2 × 600 = 𝟐𝟔𝟏. 𝟑𝟑 𝑾𝒂𝒕𝒕
Question 2 (Sahib vai)
Consider an AM signal s(t) = 20[1 + 0.9 cos(2π × 104 t)] cos(2π106 t). The signal is transmitted to free
space using an antenna having resistance of 5 Ω. Calculate bandwidth, power and efficiency.
Solution:
Given, 𝑠(𝑡) = 20[1 + 0.9 cos(2π × 104 t)] cos(2π106 t)
We know, the standard equation for single tone AM modulation is
𝑠(𝑡) = 𝐴𝐶 [1 + 𝜇 cos(2𝜋𝑓𝑚 𝑡)] cos(2𝜋𝑓𝐶 𝑡)
∴ Bandwidth, 𝑩𝑾 = 2 × 𝑓𝑚 = 2 × 104 = 𝟐𝟎 𝑲𝑯𝒛
𝜇2 𝜇2 𝐴2𝐶 𝜇2
Power, 𝑃𝑇 = 𝑃𝐶 + 𝑃𝑆 = 𝑃𝐶 + 𝑃𝐶 = 𝑃𝐶 (1 + ) = (1 + )
2 2 2𝑅 2
2 2
20 0.9
∴ 𝑷𝑻 = (1 + ) = 𝟓𝟔. 𝟐 𝑾𝒂𝒕𝒕
2×5 2
𝜇2 0.92
& Efficiency, %𝜼 = × 100 = × 100 = 𝟐𝟖. 𝟖𝟑%
2 + 𝜇2 2 + 0.92
Question 3 (Debashish Vai)
Input to linear delta modulation is a sinusoidal signal with 1 V peak amplitude and frequency ranges from
200 − 4000 Hz. The input signal is sampled at 8 times the Nyquist rate. Determine the value of step size
to avoid slope overload when input signal frequency is 800 Hz.
Solution:
Here, Message signal frequency, fm = 800 Hz
Message signal amplitude, Am = 1 V
∴ Message signal, m(t) = Am sin(2πfm t) = 1 × sin(2π × 800t) = sin(2π × 800t)
dm(t) d
∴ = sin(2π × 800t) = 2π × 800 × cos(2π × 800t)
dt dt
Sampling frequency, fs = 8 × fNQ = 8 × 2 × 4000 = 64000 Hz
We know, the condition to avoid slope overload is
 ∆ ∆ dm(t)
= ≥ |
Ts 1/fs dt max
or, ∆fs ≥ 2π × 800 × 1 [as cos(2π × 800t)|max = 1]
2π × 800
or, ∆ ≥
fs
2π × 800
or, ∆ ≥
64000
∴ 𝐒𝐭𝐞𝐩 𝐬𝐢𝐳𝐞, ∆ ≤ 𝟎. 𝟎𝟕𝟖𝟓
Question 4 (Moushan Vai)
A sinusoidal signal of 2 KHz frequency is applied to a delta modulation. The sampling rate and ∆ of delta
modulation are 20000 samples/sec and 0.1 V respectively. To prevent slope overload determine the
maximum amplitude of sinusoidal signal in volt.
Solution:
Here, Message signal frequency, fm = 2 KHz
∴ Message signal, m(t) = Am sin(2πfm t) = Am sin(2π × 2000t)
dm(t) d
∴ = Am sin(2π × 2000t) = Am × 2π × 2000 × cos(2π × 2000t)
dt dt
Step size, ∆ = 0.1 V
Sampling frequency, fs = 20000 samples/sec
We know, the condition to prevent slope overload is
∆ ∆ dm(t)
= ≥ |
Ts 1/fs dt max
or, ∆fs ≥ Am × 2π × 2000 × 1 [as cos(2π × 2000t)|max = 1]
∆fs
or, Am ≤
2π × 2000 × 1
0.1 × 20000
or, Am ≤
2π × 2000
∴ Am ≤ 0.1591
∴ 𝐌𝐚𝐱𝐢𝐦𝐮𝐦 𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐮𝐝𝐞, 𝐀𝐦 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟓𝟗𝟏 𝐕
Question 5 (Apu Vai)
A FDM system has 24 transmitter receiver pairs. Each transmitter use DSB-AM for transmitting its message
signal. The message signal has a baseband spectrum over 0 − 4 𝐾𝐻𝑧. Find the bandwidth required for the
FDM system assuring a guard band of 0.5 𝐾𝐻𝑧.
Solution:
Here, Message signal channel BW, fm = 4 KHz
∴ BW of each channel for DSB-AM = 2 × fm = 2 × 4 = 8 𝐾𝐻𝑧
Number of channel, 𝑛 = 24
Guard band = 0.5 KHz
∴ Minimum required BW = n × DSB − AM signal channel BW + (n − 1) guard band
= 24 × 8 + (24 − 1) × 0.5 = 𝟐𝟎𝟑. 𝟓 𝐊𝐇𝐳
Question 6 (Shimu Apu)
Suppose that on an AM signal, the Vmax(p−p) value read from the graticule (a network of lines representing
meridians and parallels, on which a map or plan can be represented) on the oscilloscope screen is 5.9
divisions and Vmin(p−p) is 1.2 divisions.
a) What is the modulation index?
b) Calculate Ec , Es and m if the vertical scale is 2V per division.
Solution:
𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 5.9 − 1.2
a) Modulation index, 𝒎 = = = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟔𝟐
𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 + 𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 5.9 + 1.2
𝑉 + 𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 5.9 × 2 + 1.2 × 2
b) Carrier signal Amplitude, 𝑬𝒄 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = 7.1
2 2
𝑉 − 𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 5.9 − 1.2
Message signal Amplitude, 𝑬𝒔 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = 4.7
2 2
 𝐸𝑠 4.7
And Modulation index, 𝒎 = = = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟔𝟐
𝐸𝑐 7.1
Question 7 (Ashraful Vai)
Draw the block diagram of multiplexer and de-multiplexer of WDM for different wavelengths.
Solution:

Figure: Block diagram of multiplexer and de-multiplexer of WDM for different wavelengths (𝜆1 , 𝜆2 & 𝜆3 ).
Question 8 (Farhana Apu)
Draw a PSK detector block diagram.
Solution:

Figure: PSK detector block diagram