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STRUCTURE IN C LANGUAGE
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Array: collection of similar or same data type;

int a[5] = {23,43,45,23,12}

Structure: collection of different data type;

Syntax:
struct <tag_name>
{
data_member;
........
.......

};

Example:
Declaration of structure

Struct student
{
Char name[20];
int rollno;
float marks;
};

int main()
{
//initialization of structure

struct student s1;

strcpy(s1.name,”david”);
s1.rollno = 210;
s1.marks = 77.5;

printf(“student name is: %s\n”,s1.name);

printf(“student roll number is : %d\n”,s1.rollno);
printf(“student marks is : %f\n”,s1.marks);

}
Taking input from user or keyboard for details into structure.

Example:
Declaration of structure

Struct student
{
Char name[20];
int rollno;
float marks;
};

int main()
{
//Taking input from user

struct student s1;

printf(“Enter student name is : “);

scanf(“%s”,s1.name);
printf(“Enter student rollno is : “);
scanf(“%d”,&s1.rollno);
printf(“Enter student marks is : “);
scanf(“%f”,&s1.marks);

printf(“student name is: %s\n”,s1.name);

printf(“student roll number is : %d\n”,s1.rollno);
printf(“student marks is : %f\n”,s1.marks);

If users wants to enter more than one details of student than what should
we do?

First method:

Example:
Declaration of structure

Struct student
{
Char name[20];
int rollno;
float marks;
};

int main()
 {
//Taking input from user

struct student s1,s2,s3; // creating three object

from structure

printf(“Enter student name is : “);

scanf(“%s”,s1.name);
printf(“Enter student rollno is : “);
scanf(“%d”,&s1.rollno);
printf(“Enter student marks is : “);
scanf(“%f”,&s1.marks);

printf(“Enter student name is : “);

scanf(“%s”,s2.name);
printf(“Enter student rollno is : “);
scanf(“%d”,&s2.rollno);
printf(“Enter student marks is : “);
scanf(“%f”,&s2.marks);

printf(“Enter student name is : “);

scanf(“%s”,s3.name);
printf(“Enter student rollno is : “);
scanf(“%d”,&s3.rollno);
printf(“Enter student marks is : “);
scanf(“%f”,&s3.marks);

printf(“printing all details of students:\n”);

printf(“student name is: %s\n”,s1.name);

printf(“student roll number is : %d\n”,s1.rollno);
printf(“student marks is : %f\n”,s1.marks);

printf(“student name is: %s\n”,s2.name);

printf(“student roll number is : %d\n”,s2.rollno);
printf(“student marks is : %f\n”,s2.marks);

printf(“student name is: %s\n”,s3.name);

printf(“student roll number is : %d\n”,s3.rollno);
printf(“student marks is : %f\n”,s3.marks);

But that’s not good practices for a good programmer or developer?

So how can we reduce of the code?
Here we are using array of structure?

Example:
Declaration of structure

Struct student
{
Char name[20];
int rollno;
float marks;
};

int main()
{
//Taking input from user

struct student s1[5] ;// here array of structure

for(i = 0; i<5; i++)

{

printf(“Enter student name is : “);

scanf(“%s”,s1[i].name);
printf(“Enter student rollno is : “);
scanf(“%d”,&s1[i].rollno);
printf(“Enter student marks is : “);
scanf(“%f”,&s1[i].marks);
}

printf(“printing all details of students:\n”);

for(I = 0; i<5; i++)

{
printf(“student name is: %s\n”,s1[i].name);
printf(“student rollno is : %d\n”,s1[i].rollno);
printf(“student marks is : %f\n”,s1[i].marks);
}

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Nested structure in c language
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Syntax:
struct <tag_name>
{
data_member;
.....

struct <tag_name>
{
 data_member;
....
...
};
};

Example:
struct manager
{
char mgr_name[20];
int mgr_id;
float mgr_salary;

struct employee
{
int emp_id;
char emp_name[20];
float emp_salary;
}emp;
}mgr;

int main()
{
clrscr();
printf("Enter manager name : ");
scanf("%s",mgr.mgr_name);
printf("Enter manager id : ");
scanf("%d",&mgr.mgr_id);
printf("Enter manager salary:");
scanf("%f",&mgr.mgr_salary);

-------------------------------------------------------------------------
STRUCTURE PASSING FUNCTION
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Syntax:
struct <tag_name>
{
data_member;
.....
};

return_type func_name(parameter list);

return_type main_fun(void)
 {
Statement;
.....
....
}

return_type func_name(parameter_list) {
data_member;
......
.....
}

Example:
struct product
{
char pro_name[20];
int pro_id;
float pro_price;
}pro;

void showData(struct product p1);

void main()
{
clrscr();
printf("Enter product name : ");
scanf("%s",pro.pro_name);
printf("Enter product id : ");
scanf("%d",&pro.pro_id);
printf("Enter product price : ");
scanf("%f",&pro.pro_price);

showData(pro); // function calling

getch();
}
void showData(struct product p1)
{
printf("product name is : %s\n",p1.pro_name);
printf("product id is : %d\n",p1.pro_id);
printf("product price is : %f\n",p1.pro_price);