Prepared by:
NATHANIEL A. ALIGUYON, LPT, MAT
Lesson Objectives
1) Identify the types of communication in relation
to mode, context, purpose, and style
2) Explain the various communication models
3) Discuss the value of communication in
enhancing one’s personal and professional
relationships
4) Recognize the importance of a code in ethics
in communication
Imagine the world without
communicating with each other.
What could happen?
DEFINITION OF COMMUNICATION
Communication is a process, which means it is
ongoing and always in motion. It’s hard to tell when
communication starts and stops, since what
happened long before we talk with someone may
influence interaction, and which occurs in a particular
encounter may have repercussions in the future
(Wood, 1997).
Definition of Communication
Communication is also systematic, which means it
involves a group of interrelated parts that affect one
another. The physical environment and the time of
day are elements of the system. To interpret
communication, we have to consider the entire
system in which it takes place (Wood, 1997).
Definition of Communication
The third key idea in the definition of communication
is symbols, which are abstract, arbitrary, and
ambiguous representations of other things. Symbols
include all of language and many nonverbal
behaviors, as well as art and music (Wood, 1997).
Definition of Communication
Finally, our definition focuses on meanings, which
are the heart of communication. We create meaning
typically in the process of communication. We talk
with others to clarify our own thoughts, decide how to
interpret nonverbal behaviors, and put labels on
feeling and hopes to give them reality. In all of these
ways, we actively construct meaning by working with
symbols (Wood, 1997).
Elements of Communication
1) People are the participants in communication act
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
2) Message is the content of the communication act.
Messages may be sent and received through both
verbal and nonverbal models or channels. Means by
which a message is communicated. When you pick up
the phone to call a friend, the telephone is the channel.
Thus, we sight messages, taste messages, smell
messages, and touch messages. Effective
communicators are adept at switching channels
because they recognize that communication is a
multichannel experience.
Elements of Communication
3) Noise is anything that interferes with or distorts out
the ability to send or receive messages. It includes
anything that can disrupt the flow of communication.
It is also called a barrier in communication.
Types of Noise
a)Physiological (Impairment Noise) - Physical conditions
such as deafness or blindness can impede effective
communication and interfere with messages being
clearly and accurately received.
Types of Noise
b) Environmental Noise - Noise that physically disrupts
communication, such as very loud speakers at a
party or the sounds from a construction site next
to a classroom.
Types of Noise
c) Semantic Noise - Semantic noise refers to when a
speaker and a listener have different interpretations
of the meanings of certain words. For example, the
word “weed” can be interpreted as an undesirable
plant in a yard or as a euphemism for marijuana.
Types of Noise
d) Syntactical Noise - Communication can be disrupted
by mistakes in grammar, such as an abrupt change
in verb tense during a sentence.
Types of Noise
e)Psychological Noise - Certain attitudes can also make
communication difficult. For instance, significant
anger or sadness may cause someone to lose focus
on the present moment.
Elements of Communication
4) Context is the communication settings or the
surrounding and environment that helps shape the
interaction between and/or among individuals.
Types of context
a)Physical context – location of the communication
episode
Types of context
b) Social context – determines the type of participants in
the communication act and the nature of relationship
existing between or among the communicators
Types of context
c) Psychological context – refers to the moods and
feelings each participant bring in the act of
communication
Types of context
d) Cultural context – shared beliefs, values, behaviors,
of the participants that affect communication acts
Elements of Communication
5) Feedback – the response we get during the
communication act
PROCESS OF ORAL COMMUNICATION
1) Encoding is everything that goes inside the brain of
an individual.
This involves the sender who, grounded by
communicative intentions and goals, decides on
assigning codes.
It is a systematic arrangement of symbols used by
individuals to create meaning.
Process of Oral Communication
2)Transmission is the process by which the sender,
having assigned codes to come up with thought
symbols (message) that are also comprehensible by
the participant/s of the communication, transmits or
sends message to its recipient.
Process of Oral Communication
3) Receiving - Having been submitted through sound
waves and light waves, the sound that comes from the
sender then reaches the receiver. It is assumed that the
receiver’s attention is focused on the communication at
hand to facilitate better understanding of the message
transported by the sender.
Process of Oral Communication
4)Responding is anticipated by the sender from the
receiver.
Prepared by: NATHANIEL A. ALIGUYON, LPT, MAT
