C2 EXPONENTIALS AND LOGARITHMS Answers - Worksheet B

1
1 a = log10 a + log10 b b = log10 a + log10 b7 c = log10 a3 − log10 b d = log10 a + log10 b 2
= log10 a + 7 log10 b = 3 log10 a − log10 b = log10 a + 12 log10 b
3 5 1
e = 2 log10 ab f = −log10 ab g = log10 a 2 + log10 b 2 h = 3(log10 a2 − log10 b 3 )
= 2log10 a + 2log10 b = −log10 a − log10 b = 32 log10 a + 52 log10 b = 6 log10 a − log10 b

1
2 a = logq 82 b = logq 8 3 c = logq 16 − logq q d = logq 4 + logq q3
4 2
= 2y = 1
3
y = logq 8 − 1
3
= logq 8 3 + 3
= 4
3
y−1 = 2
3
y+3

3 a = lg (2 × 32) b = lg (25 × 3) c = lg 9 − lg 16 d = lg (2 × 3) − lg 23
= lg 2 + 2 lg 3 = 5 lg 2 + lg 3 = lg 32 − lg 24 = lg 2 + lg 3 − 3 lg 2
= a + 2b = 5a + b = 2 lg 3 − 4 lg 2 = lg 3 − 2 lg 2
= 2b − 4a = b − 2a
e = 1
2
lg 6 f = 3
2
lg 24 + 1
2
lg 34 g = 4lg3 − 3(lg2+lg3) h =lg(6×10)+lg(2×10)−2
= 1
2
(lg 2 + lg 3) = 6 lg 2 + 2 lg 3 = lg 3 − 3 lg 2 = lg 6 + 1 + lg 2 + 1 − 2
= 1
2
(a + b) = 6a + 2b = b − 3a = lg 2 + lg 3 + lg 2
= 2a + b

4 a = log5 10 − log5 2 b = log12 16 + log12 9 c = log4 8

3
= log5 5 = log12 144 = log4 4 2
=1 =2 = 32
log 7 34 123 log11 52
d = e = log27 f =
log 7 3 722 − log11 5
4log 7 3 12 × 12 × 12 2log11 5
= = log27 =
log 7 3 6 × 12 × 6 × 12 − log11 5
=4 = log27 1
3
= − 13 = −2

5 a x = 31.8 b x = 5−0.3 c x − 3 = 82.1

x = 7.22 x = 0.617 x = 3 + 82.1
x = 81.8
d 1
2
x + 1 = 43.2 e log2 3y = 5.3 f log6 (1 − 5t) = −0.6
x = 2(4 − 1)3.2
3y = 2 5.3
1 − 5t = 6−0.6
x = 167 y = 13 × 25.3 t = 15 (1 − 6−0.6)
y = 13.1 t = 0.132

6 a = log2 x5 b = log2 (x2 + 4x) c = log2 x2 + log2 x

= log2 x3
x2 − 1
d = log2 (x − 2)3 − log2 x4 e = log2 f = log2 x − 2 log2 x + 2
3
log2 x
x +1
( x − 2)3 ( x + 1)( x − 1)
= log2 = log2 = − 13 log2 x
x4 x +1
− 13
= log2 (x − 1) = log2 x

 Solomon Press
C2 EXPONENTIALS AND LOGARITHMS Answers - Worksheet B page 2

3
7 a log3 5x = log3 (2x + 3) b log9 10x = 2
3
5x = 2x + 3 10x = 9 2 = 27
x=1 x = 2.7
x 5x x+6
c log4 = log4 3 + log4 2 = log4 6 d log5 = log5
x −1 x+2 x
x 5x x+6
=6 =
x −1 x+2 x
x = 6x − 6 5x2 = (x + 2)(x + 6) = x2 + 8x + 12
x = 65 x2 − 2x − 3 = 0
(x + 1)(x − 3) = 0
x = −1, 3
log5 x not real for x = −1 ∴ x = 3
1
e log6 x2 = log6 5(2x − 5) f log7 4x − log7 =1
x−6
x2 = 5(2x − 5) log7 4x(x − 6) = 1
x2 − 10x + 25 = 0 4x(x − 6) = 7
(x − 5)2 = 0 4x2 − 24x − 7 = 0
24 ± 576 + 112
x=5 x= =3± 1
2
43
8
log7 4x not real for x = 3 − 1
2
43
∴ x=3+ 1
2
43 [ = 6.28 (3sf)]

x
8 a logx y = 2 ⇒ y = x2 b log5 x − 2 log5 y = log5 2 ⇒ =2
y2
sub. x3 = 27 ⇒ x = 2y2
x=3 sub. 3y2 = 12
∴ x = 3, y = 9 y2 = 4
for real log5 y, y > 0 ∴ y = 2
∴ x = 8, y = 2
− 52 3
c logy 32 = − 52 ⇒ y = 32 d logy x = 3
2
⇒ y2 = x
− 52 1 1
⇒ y = 32 = 1
4
⇒ y2 = x3
1
sub. log2 x = 3 − 2 log2 1
4
sub. 4 x 3 = 20
1
log2 x = 3 − (−4) = 7 x3 = 5
x = 27 = 128 x = 53 = 125
∴ x = 128, y = 14 ∴ x = 125, y = 25
1
e loga x + loga 3 = 1
2
loga y ⇒ 3x = y 2 f log10 y + 2 log10 x = 3 ⇒ x2y = 103
y
⇒ y = 9x2 log2 y − log2 x = 3 ⇒ = 23
x
sub. 3x + 9x2 = 20 ⇒ y = 8x
9x2 + 3x − 20 = 0 sub. 8x3 = 1000
(3x + 5)(3x − 4) = 0 x3 = 125
for real loga x, x > 0 ∴ x = 4
3
x=5
∴ x= 4
3
, y = 16 ∴ x = 5, y = 40

 Solomon Press