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Class 01 Notes

This document serves as an introduction to Python, highlighting its features, such as being an interpreted language and its handling of variables without initialization. It covers basic operations including arithmetic, string manipulation, and typecasting, along with examples for user input and data types. The document also discusses string methods and operations, emphasizing Python's capabilities for handling strings and variables efficiently.

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4 views

Class 01 Notes

This document serves as an introduction to Python, highlighting its features, such as being an interpreted language and its handling of variables without initialization. It covers basic operations including arithmetic, string manipulation, and typecasting, along with examples for user input and data types. The document also discusses string methods and operations, emphasizing Python's capabilities for handling strings and variables efficiently.

Uploaded by

pradeep702661
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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# Introduction to Python

Let's have a look at Python as a language and what features does it bring to be among the top 3 coding
languages in the world.

# 1. Unlike other languages Python program works on an Interpreter so to run a code all you have to do is
type it out
print("Welcome to NUCOT")

# 2. Python language runs line by line, so incase you want to update a piece of code all you have to do is
update the line let's see how -
#Imaginary giraffe

print("O ")
print("| ")
print("|____")
print(" ||||")
print(" ||||")

#Let's add another print statement


print("$" * 3)

Now let's see what happened here - Any character whether it be numeric or text enclosed within " " or ' '
gets considered as a string; A string is a data type which contains a series of characters. Just like string,
there are numerous types of variables in Python; let's have a look

Python variables are a container that can store any type of value and of any particular size.

Unlike other languages such as C, Java - Variables in Python don't need initialization. Let's create a
variable to see how do they work

var1 = "Mike"
print(var1)

var2 = 6
print(var2)

Now that we know how to store a variable in Python let's try getting input from a user and storing it in
Python

#To get a input from a user we would use the 'input' function
number = input("What's your favourite number? ")
print(number)

#Let's try taking adding a string to the answer received


name = input("Enter your name : ")
print("Welcome", name)

#That was helpful, could I also perform operation on input received?


age = input("Enter your age : ")
print("You are " , age*12 , " months old")

age = input("enter your age ")

age = int(age)

print("You are " , age*12 , " months old")

#Changing the of variables type is called typecasting

How to find the Data Type for a variables in Python

Here in the below piece of code you can see that we have assigned each variable with a particular value
and use the type method we can check the datatype of the variable

integer_num = 1
floating_num = 1.3
string = 'Mike'
boolean = True

print (type(integer_num))
print (type(floating_num))
print (type(string))
print (type(boolean))

- Type Casting in Python

#Now let us try taking an


a=1
print ( bool(a))
print ( float(a))
print ( str(a))

Arithmatic Operations

a=6
b=7
print("Addition = ", a + b)
print("Substraction = ", a - b)
print("Multiplication = ", a * b)
print("Division = ", a / b)
print("Floor Division = ", a // b)
print("Modulus or remainder",a % b)
print("Exponential = ", a ** b)

Now if you recall that the mathematical operators follow a precedence rule called PEDMAS -

Wherein the fist P is parenthesis, then it's E for exponents, M for multiplication, then D for division, A for
addition and finally S for subtraction.

Reference - [Python operator precedence](https://docs.python.org/3.7/reference/expressions.html?


#arithmetic-conversions)

print((4 * 5) - 9 + 6 / 7)

String Operations

We should look at strings as a banner where multiple characters are linked together. The string data is an
immutable type which means it cannot be modified.

#Whenever we are assigning a char or string we use '' which represents a character
c = 'z'
d = 'Mike'
#You can also use " " double quotes instead of single quotes for strings
e = "John"
#Now when we want to include words with a single quote such as "didn't", "I'll".. we might end up with a
error
print('I didn't know that')

File "<ipython-input-1-fe447cc215b3>", line 2

print('I didn't know that)

SyntaxError: invalid syntax

#Now to solve this we can use an escape character like


print('I didn\'t know that')

# Or we can use double quotes


print("I didn't know that")

#Now that '\' escape character which we saw earlier can also be used for other stuff like adding a new line
print("Hi Bob \n\nHow are you?")

Now apart adding new lines to a string we can also add another to a pre-existing string, let's see how -

###String Concatenation

#Let's try building a system that could ask for flavour, and the type of desert user wants
flavour=input("What flavour would you like ")
dessert_type=input("What type of dessert would you like ")
print("You have ordered", flavour+"-"+dessert_type)

##String Manipulation

#### Indexing In Strings <br>

- Forward indexing starts with 0


- Reverse indexing starts with the last character as -1 in a python string

- Strings are immutable which, means they cannot be changed once created.

- Strings can be modified by slicing a part of it and concatenating with another

# Len() function
string = "I have not failed. I’ve just found 10,000 ways that won’t work. – Thomas A. Edison"
len(string)

#Accessing first character


string[-82]

#Accessing last character using negative indexing


string[-1]

# Trying to change the character at index 2


string[2] = 't'

# Changing the entire string or say changing the label of it


string = 'I have not failed. I’ve just found 10,000 ways that won’t work.” – Einstien'
print (string)

#### Slicing In Strings

- string[start:end:step]

#slicing by specifying start and end index


statement = "I have not failed. I’ve just found 10,000 ways that won’t work. – Thomas A. Edison"
sliced_statement = statement[0:64]
print(sliced_statement)
batch = "5 girls 3 boys in a class"
girls = batch[ :8]
print(girls)

print(batch[ 8: ])

# Membership
String = "John! Did you attend the conference on advanced machine learning"
print( 'Lincoln' in String)
print ( 'Behzad' not in String)

#### String methods

- upper()

- lower()

- strip()

- count(substring,begin,end)

- https://docs.python.org/3.7/library/stdtypes.html#string-methods

# upper()
small = "i am upper cased"
print(small.upper())

# lower()
large = "I AM LOWER CASED"
print(large.lower())

# rstrip () function
some_sentence = "There is a space at the end "
print(some_sentence)
print(some_sentence.rstrip())

increment = '4%'
print(increment.rstrip('%'))
# lstrip() function
start = " There is space at the start"
print(start)
print(start.lstrip())

# strip() function
spaces = " Trim whitespaces "
print(spaces)
print(spaces.strip())

num_with_chars = '******444#######'
print(num_with_chars.rstrip('#').lstrip('*'))

#count() Method
string = "This is a sample sentence"
print(string.count('i'))
print(string.count('i',5))

#r/R It is used to specify the raw string.% It is used to perform string formatting.

A = "Data"
B = "Analysis"
C = "Pandas"

print("{0} {1} using {2}".format(A,B,C))

#Now there are a plenty of other string operations available in Python you could explore those using

help(str)

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