Introduction to the Transportation

Industry
AGENT TRAINING

Transportation is one of the largest industries in the world. Transportation is

simply the movement of goods from one location to another.

THE BIG PICTURE

 Industry Standards and Rules
OWNER OPERATORS:

An owner operator is someone who owns his own truck and a trailer and is leased
to a Carrier through a lease agreement. The lease agreement allows the Owner
Operator to haul freight on behalf of our company.

LEGAL WEIGHT:

Legal weight is the maximum weight allowed with freight onboard. This weight
cannot exceed 80,000lbs combined.

TRUCK WEIGHT:

Truck and trailer weight can vary from 32,000 lbs to 36,000 lbs depending on the
make and model of the truck and trailer.

MAX WEIGHT ON AXLES:

Front axle: 12,000 lbs

Drive axle: 34,000 lbs

Trailer axle: 34,000 lbs

DIESEL WEIGHT:

Each gallon of diesel weighs about 8 lbs. An average truck carries about 200 to
300 gallons of fuel.

TEAM DRIVERS:

Team Drivers are two drivers who alternate shifts driving which allows the truck to
remain in motion continuously. Primarily used for time-sensitive freight. A team
travels an average of approximately 1,400 miles within a 24-hour period.

SOLO DRIVERS:

Solo Drivers are restricted to driving approximately 700 miles within a 24-hour
period.

DEADHEAD:

Miles traveled when rerouting for pickup. These miles are considered when the
Driver is traveling empty.
LUMPER FEE:

Lumper refers to the unloading service fee provided by the Shipper/Receiver

service provider.

DETENTION:

Waiting period caused by a delay in pick-up or delivery appointments. Carriers are

generally compensated for the waiting period.

Trailer Dimensions
Please Note: All truck & trailer specifications and dimensions are
"approximate" and are to be used only as a guide. Axle configurations and
manufacturers' specifications may vary.

53' Air Ride or Spring Dry Vans

Length: 53 feet

Width: 102 inches

Height: 102 inches

Hi-Cube Van Height: 110 inches

Capacity: 3800 cubic feet

53' Air Ride or Spring Refrigerated Trailers

Length: 53 feet

Width: 97.5 inches

Height: 99 inches

Hi-Cube Reefer Height: 108 inches

Capacity: 3500 cubic feet

Flatbeds
Length: 45 - 53 feet

Width: 96 inches

Equipment Types
 Logistics: A trailer that is equipped with air-ride suspension and cleats
for the installation of load bars and straps.

 E-Track: Located on the inside walls of the trailer. It is used with straps
to lock/secure cargo while in transit. There can be separate rows of E-
Track on each side of the walls.
 Hazmat: This is a certification that allows you to carry hazardous
materials. If the load is less than 1,000lbs you don't need to be
certified. Below are the signs that you would see on any type of trailer
that is carrying hazardous material.
  Vented: Similar to a Van trailer but with one difference, it has vents in
the front and rear of the trailer, allowing air to flow through. These
trailers are mostly used for produce that does not need to be
temperature controlled but is cooled by air.

Trailer Abbreviations

Various types of trailers exist; it is customary to abbreviate the trailer type.

You can find these abbreviations in almost all of the tools that you use to
search for freight. The most commonly requested trailers that we use are
abbreviated below.

R = Reefer

V = Van

RA = Reefer Air Ride

VA = Van Air Ride

VV = Vented Van

VZ = Van Hazmat

RZ = Reefer Hazmat

RM = Reefer Team

VM = Van Team

FVR = Flatbed, Van or Reefer

VR = Van or Reefer

PO = Power Only

Suspension Types

 Air-Ride: The air ride suspension system operates by using several

small air bags. While the air ride variety of trailer suspension is by far
the smoothest type of suspension available today, it is also the most
expensive system to use.

 Springs: The spring suspension system operates fairly noisy and is

not smooth when on the road. Usually does not haul certain types of
commodities.
 Load Types

Full Load: Also known as FTL (Full Truck Load) refers to loads that haul
enough cargo to fill the entire trailer. Full loads are usually meant to be
hauled exclusively.

Partials: Also known as LTL (Less than Truck Load), refers to the smaller
shipments that take up a portion of the trailer. Partials pay less than full
loads but may be combined with other partials to produce the same or
greater rate than a FTL.

Team Loads: Team loads are time-sensitive shipments, such as chemicals

that expire or show material loads that are going to a convention center
which requires rush delivery.

Loads per Weight: Some loads don't depend on a set quantity but rather
compensate based on weight. This means that the load pays per pound.
These loads require you to get an empty scale ticket and a final scale ticket
when it's fully loaded to determine the weight of the cargo picked up.

REEFER LOADS: Loads that are temperature controlled and perishable.

Usually these loads are time sensitive.

VAN LOADS: Dry freight that is not temperature controlled.

Reefer Check List

1. Check the commodity. Confirm if the type of commodity is not

excluded.
2. Check the case count. Make sure you confirm with the Carrier on how
many cases the load has.

3. Make sure the temperature on the confirmation matches the

temperature of the bill of lading. If there are any differences, you must
confirm with the Customer, not the shipper.

4. Make sure the Carrier pulps every fourth pallet (checks the temp with a
thermometer).

5. Make sure you pay attention to the temperature because sometimes

the confirmation may state temperature as C° and not F°.

Pallets, Skids and Loading Standards

A pallet, sometimes called a skid, is a flat transport structure that supports
cargo in a stable fashion while being lifted by a forklift, pallet jack, front
loader or other jacking device. Below is an example of a standard pallet.

Below are the two standard sized pallets that is used in the industry.

Dimensions Dimensions Industries

mm (W x L) (W x L) Using

1219 x 1016 48 x 40 Grocery, many

others

1219 x 1067 48 x 42 Chemical,

Beverage,
many others
 Loading Types

Straight Loading involves using two-way pallets and loading them straight
(in the direction of the pallet stringers) into the trailer or container. With
standard 40" x 48" pallets this will allow two pallets to be loaded side by
side with plenty of extra space between the pallets and the trailer sidewalls.
This is the quickest method of loading pallets, but does not fully utilize the
trailer cube and may not adequately prevent loads from shifting.

Loading Pallets Turned (or sideways) requires the use of four-way pallets.
In this method the lift truck will pick up the pallet from the side and place
them in the trailer. With standard 40" x 48" pallets, this will allow two
pallets to be loaded side by side in most van trailers. Turning pallets creates
the best space utilization for loading palletized loads and provides better
protection from product shifting than straight loading.

Pin-wheeling refers to a method where you alter the direction of every

other pallet. It's a combination of loading pallets straight and turned. Pin-
wheeling can be used to more fully utilize the space in a trailer or container
when there is inadequate width to allow loading two turned pallets side by
side. This is practical when depth of the pallet is longer than half the trailer
width, but the depth plus the width is less than the trailer width.
 Double Stacked refers to one pallet on top of another. Some loads can be
double stacked and others can't. It all depends on your weight, product, and how

the product is packaged.

Bulkheads are dividers or walls that go inside the trailer to separate two different
temperatures. For example, you can have a frozen load on the nose of the trailer
and have a 36°F load on the tail. Usually the lower temperature goes in first and
the bulkhead blocks the cold air from traveling to the tail, it allows some air in to
create a temperature difference. You can also put dry loads in as well if the
bulkhead completely blocks the air flow or if the product is okay to be stored in a
temperature environment. Bulkheads can also be made from Styrofoam found at
your local hardware store, such as Home Depot.

Balloons or inflatable bags are used to stabilize the cargo in the truck. If
the pallets are loaded in a way that provides space in between, then the
shipper must put balloons or inflatable bags to stabilize the pallets.
 Agent Tasks & Duties

Load Postings:

Loads can be found through an online based software or websites such

as 360, Freight Match, Truck Stop, Get Loaded, or Customer websites.
To access these websites or software you must have an account with
them.

Dispatching the Carrier:

 Make sure the Carrier has your cell phone number and knows which
office you are calling from.
 Asking the Carrier how he prefers receiving his confirmation.
1. Fax
2. Text
3. Email
 Confirmations must include rate, weight, temperature, pallet or case
count, pickup and delivery info with time, date, customer instructions if
any, and any changes during transit.
 Must provide the MC Authority number of the Carrier that the driver
must check in with.
 If and when providing the customer with the Carrier phone number,
make sure the Carrier addresses the Customer based on the MC
Authority.
 Communicating with the Customer & Carrier
After Hours Emergencies:

As an Agent you have to be fully ready to handle all sorts of problems,

issues and breakdowns. Always involve your management during
emergencies.

Load Rules and Instructions from Customers:

Each load is different, which is why it is very important to read each

confirmation for specific instructions from the Customer. A
confirmation is a contract. Make sure to read every detail. Do not sign
and fax back without understanding and reading the confirmation
thoroughly. You must protect yourself at all times knowing that your
verbal conversation can and will be much different than the
confirmation as well as requirements with the load details.

Trailer Damages:

Anytime a Carrier calls you to report that his trailer was damaged by
the Shipper/Receiver you must instruct the Carrier to follow what it
says in the Owner-Operator Rules of the Road.

Trans-Loading:

Any time a load needs to be transferred from one truck to another, it's
called Trans- Loading. This could be done by two trucks backing up
door to door, or at a warehouse.
Claims and How to Handle Them:

It is very important to get management involved as soon as there is a

problem with a load. Communication is a huge factor on how the result
will turn out.

Load Rates:

Load rates fluctuate based on season and other factors. The frequency
of rates changing usually begins at the start of the week to mid-week
and to the end of the week. To understand the market (rates), get to
understand the pattern of that week, keeping in mind that it consists of
three separate markets; backhauls, loads going out of California,
Reefers, and Van.

Load Cancellations:

Once booked, loads should rarely ever be canceled. In some cases, it is

understandable. Always involve management to help you through the
process.

Who is Royalty Capital?

Royalty Capital is a factoring company that factors our invoices.

T-Chek Guidelines
 Carriers calling for Fuel Advance (T-Chek) must provide a load number.

 Agent must verify pick-up prior to giving a load number to the Carrier.
  Agent must delete the load number from the confirmation before
sending it to the carrier.

Pointers for Agent

 Dispatcher should have a personal email address so the Customer can
email load info.
 Collect costumers personal email address so you can email your truck
schedule.
 Save contacts, always call contacts, build relationships.
 Every person that gives you a load, save their info and always call
back.
 When calling on a load, always ask what other loads they have.
 When booking a load, always ask to see what else they have or if they
have more than one load.
 Always get updates from Carriers and give updates to the Customers
for better service.
 Be honest with the Carrier so that you can build a lasting relationship.
 Best loads are always posted in the morning, so getting in early is
imperative.
 Always be organized at your station so you can be quick on calling.
 Being alert helps you communicate with your team on rates, trucks,
load movements and market rates.
 Knowing what is in-route to help sell a load will make you quicker to
react on a load.

Operational Guidelines

Detention:

 Reimbursed only if arrived on schedule

 Notify the Customer and emphasize the pay per hour
 Notify the Carrier to have In & Out times on the Bill of Lading
 Detention to the Carrier may vary from $25-35 per hour, after the first
three hours
 Detention is rare on refrigerated loads
Layover:

 Reimbursed only if arrived on schedule

 Notify the Customer and emphasize the pay per day
 Carrier is entitled to $100-$250 daily depending on the length of time
 Notify the Carrier to have arrival/departure time on Bill of Lading

Weight:

 Carrier is not entitled to any rate adjustments under 20,000 pounds

 To qualify for rate adjustments the cargo must exceed 3,000 pounds
from initial weight
 Notify the Customer if weight increases
 Confirm pay increase with Carrier before committing to the new rate
with the Customer

Truck Order Not Used & Cancelation:

 Truck Order Not Used may vary from $100-$250 depending on the
distance driven
 Truck Order Not Used to the Carrier will not exceed $250, even if
traveled 500+ miles
 In case of a Trans load, then initial Carrier is obligated to the
difference of the rate (whether being more or less)

Confirmation:

Must sent via PAPER CONFIRMATION, TEXT MESSAGE or EMAIL

The following must be stated on the confirmation:

 Confirm Pick Up, Delivery, Time, Date, Rate, Weight, Temperature, and
Case Count
 Get a revised confirmation if any changes are made in transit
  Team required (If a Team-Load)
 Customer’s instructions
 Full / Partial
 Must provide a load confirmation in order to clear up any discrepancies
otherwise you will be liable

Truck-Trailer Damages:

 All damages to the truck/trailer are between the Carrier and the
company of which the damages occurred (Shipper/Receiver)

Partial Loads:

 Confirm the total feet amount of the partial load on the confirmation,
NOT the pallet count
 Failure to separate all rates when sending a confirmation to the
Carriers will result in paying the Carrier total rate

 When committing to find and additional Partial Load for the Carrier,
Agent must NOT use the word "I" Instead should use "We, as in All
State" on confirmation