Exception Handling

Information regarding Exception

 Dictionary meaning of the exception is abnormal termination.
 An un expected event that disturbs or terminates normal flow of execution
called exception.
 If the application contains exception then the program terminated
abnormally the rest of the application is not executed.
 To overcome above limitation in order to execute the rest of the
application must handle the exception.
In java we are having two approaches to handle the exceptions.
1) By using try-catch block.
2) By using throws keyword.

Exception Handling:-
 The main objective of exception handling is to get normal termination of
the application in order to execute rest of the application code.
 Exception handling means just we are providing alternate code to continue
the execution of remaining code and to get normal termination of the
application.
 Every Exception is a predefined class present in different packages.
  java.lang.ArithmeticException
 java.io.IOException
 java.sql.SQLException
 javax.servlet.ServletException
The exception are occurred due to two reasons
a. Developer mistakes
b. End-user mistakes.
i. While providing inputs to the application.
ii. Whenever user is entered invalid data then Exception is occur.
iii. A file that needs to be opened can’t found then Exception is occurred.
iv. Exception is occurred when the network has disconnected at the middle of the
communication.
Types of Exceptions:-
As per the sun micro systems standards The Exceptions are divided into three
types
1) Checked Exception
2) Unchecked Exception
3) Error
checked Exception:-
 The Exceptions which are checked by the compiler at the time of
compilation is called Checked Exceptions.
IOException,SQLException,InterruptedException……..etc
 If the application contains checked exception the code is not compiled so
must handle the checked Exception in two ways
 By using try-catch block.
 By using throws keyword.
If the application contains checked Exception the compiler is able to check it and
it will give intimation to developer regarding Exception in the form of compilation
error.

Exception handling key words:-

1) try
2) catch
3) finally
4) throw
5) throws
Exception handling by using Try –catch block:-
Syntax:-
try
{
exceptional code;
}
catch (ExceptionName reference_variable)
{
Code to run if an exception is raised;
}

Example : code.

1) Whenever the exception is raised in the try block JVM won’t terminate the
program immediately , it will search corresponding catch block.
a. If the catch block is matched that will be executed then rest of the application
executed and program is terminated normally.
b. If the catch block is not matched program is terminated abnormally.

Example code : //

 If there is no exception in try block the catch blocks are not checked
 in Exception handling independent try blocks are not allowed must
declare try-catch or try-finally or try-catch-finally.
 In between try-catch blocks it is not possible to declare any
statements must declare try with immediate catch block.
 If the exception raised in try block remaining code of try block won’t be
executed.
 Once the control is out of the try block the control never entered into try
block once again.
 The way of handling the exception is varied from exception to the
exception hence it is recommended to provide try with multiple
number of catch blocks.
 By using Exception catch block we are able to hold any type of
exceptions.
  if we are declaring multiple catch blocks at that situation the catch
block order should be child to parent shouldn’t be parent to the child.
 It is possible to combine two exceptions in single catch block the syntax is
catch(ArithmeticException | StringIndexOutOfBoundsException a).

Finally block:-
1) Finally block is always executed irrespective of try and catch.
2) It is used to provide clean-up code
a. Database connection closing. Connection.close();
b. streams closing. Scanner.close();
c. Object destruction . Test t = new Test();t=null;

It is not possible to write finally alone.

a. try-catch-finally -- valid
b. try-catch -- valid
c. catch-finally -- invalid
d. try-catch-catch-finally -- valid
e. try-finally -- valid
f. catch-catch-finally -- invalid
g. Try -- invalid
h. Catch -- invalid
i. Finally - invalid.

Syntax:-
try
{ risky code;
}
catch (Exception obj)
{ handling code;
}
finally
{ Clean-up code;(database connection closing, streams closing……etc)
}

Example:-in only two cases finally block won’t be executed

Case 1:- whenever we are giving chance to try block then only finally block will be
executed otherwise it is not executed.
Case 2:-In your program whenever we are using System.exit(0) the JVM will be
shutdown hence the rest of the code won’t be executed.

throws
The main purpose of the throws keyword is bypassing the generated exception
from present method to caller method.
 Use throws keyword at method declaration level.
It is possible to throws any number of exceptions at a time based on the
programmer requirement.
If main method is throws the exception then JVm is responsible to handle the
exception.

Example code : //

Throw:-
1) The main purpose of the throw keyword is to creation of Exception object
explicitly either for predefined or user defined exception.
2) Throw keyword works like a try block. The difference is try block is
automatically find the situation and creates an Exception object implicitly.
Whereas throw keyword creates an Exception object explicitly.
3) Throws keyword is used to delegate the responsibilities to the caller method
but throw is used to create the exception object.
4) If exception object created by JVM it will print predefined information (/ by
zero) but if
exception Object created by user then user defined information is printed.
5) We are using throws keyword at method declaration level but throw keyword
used at method implementation (body) level.

Different types of Exceptions in java:-

Checked Exception ---> Description
ClassNotFoundException --> If the loaded class is not available
CloneNotSupportedException-->
Attempt to clone an object that does not implement the Cloneable
interface.
 IllegalAccessException --> Access to a class is denied.
 InstantiationException --> Attempt to create an object of an abstract class
or interface.
 InterruptedException --> One thread has been interrupted by another
thread.
 NoSuchFieldException --> A requested field does not exist.
 NoSuchMethodException --> If the requested method is not available.
UncheckedException Description
 ArithmeticException Arithmetic error, such as divide-by-zero.
 ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException Array index is out-of-bounds.(out of
range)
 InputMismatchException If we are giving input is not matched for storing
input.
 ClassCastException If the conversion is Invalid.
 IllegalArgumentException Illegal argument used to invoke a method.
 IllegalThreadStateException Requested operation not compatible with
current thread state.
 IndexOutOfBoundsException Some type of index is out-of-bounds.
 NegativeArraySizeException Array created with a negative size.
 NullPointerException Invalid use of a null reference.
 NumberFormatException Invalid conversion of a string to a numeric
format.
 StringIndexOutOfBoundsException Attempt to index outside the bounds of
a string.