Cambridge IGCSE TM

Mathematics
Core and Extended
COMPREHENSIVE REVISION GUIDE
A STEP-BY-STEP APPROACH for Effective Mastery

ANSWERS
 Answers
Chapter 1 Whole Numbers 6. 4 + 4 – 4 ÷ 4 = 7 7. 497 books
8. 136 boxes
Flashback
9. (a) 9 pencils (b) 2 pencils
1. (a) 13 (b) 4 (c) 17 (d) 9
10. 75 g
2. (a) 16 (b) 4 (c) 216 (d) 10
Test Yourself 1.4
Test Yourself 1.1
1. (a) 24 (b) 85 (c) 12 (d) 60
1. (a) Seven thousand four hundred and thirty-two
2. (a) 31 (b) 63 (c) 532
(b) Sixty-three thousand one hundred and
(d) 5 (e) 108 (f) 826
twenty-seven
(g) 60
(c) Nine hundred and six thousand two hundred
and forty-five 3. 268 mangosteens 4. 15 sweets
(d) Two million four hundred and thirty-one
thousand eight hundred and nineteen 5. $542 6. 27 years old

2. (a) 5304 (b) 11 261 7. 25 apples 8. 46 boxes

(c) 712 482 (d) 3 510 196 9. 13 novels 10. 18 coins
3. (a) Hundreds, 400
(b) Thousands, 6000 Mastery Practice 1
(c) Hundred thousands, 500 000
(d) Millions, 3 000 000 1. (a) Ten thousands (b) 80 000

4. (a) 2 000 000 (b) 2 400 000 2. (a) 1 570 000 (b) 1 569 000
(c) 2 440 000 (d) 2 436 000 3. (a) 3 400 000 (b) 3 440 000
(e) 2 435 800 (f) 2 435 790 (c) 3 439 000
5. (a) 5500 (b) 8000 (c) 20 4. (a) Hundred thousands
(b) (i) 1 436 000 (ii) 1 440 000
Test Yourself 1.2
5. (a) 300 000 (b) 2 300 000
1. (a) 13 752 (b) 47 410 6. (a) 600 000
(c) 94 437 (d) 396 128 (b) (i) 5 630 000 (ii) 5 600 000
(e) 297 887
7. (a) 7600 (b) 40
2. 95 710 calculators 3. 8883 students
8. (a) 8898 (b) 2081
4. (a) 52 873 (b) 83 346 (c) 92 811
9. (a) 649 339 (b) 222 562
5. (a) 17 857 (b) 305 226 (c) 4977
10. (a) 1872 (b) 7594
6. 247 passengers 7. 217 086 viewers
11. 3622 marbles 12. 10 186
8. 11 years old
13. 445 stickers 14. 3974 students
Test Yourself 1.3 15. (a) 1809 people (b) 273 people
1. (a) 900 (b) 6072 16. (a) 39 292 (b) 45
(c) 45 592 (d) 3 172 608
(e) 14 076 (f) 238 056 17. (a) 1856 (b) 48 remainder 1

2. 504 pens 3. $22 800 18. (a) 58 (b) 1

4. (a) 53 (b) 25 (c) 359 (d) 857 19. 70 560 bottles 20. $560

5. (a) 16 remainder 1 (b) 67 remainder 1 21. 5600 pairs of shoes 22. 38 packets
23. 144 pupils 24. (a) 72 (b) 28

Answers 1
25. 263 26. 117 Test Yourself 2.4
27. 93 28. $67 1. (a) 1, 2, 7, 14
29. $161 30. 78 marks (b) 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24
(c) 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32
(d) 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 14, 28, 56
Chapter 2 Number Facts and Sequences (e) 1, 5, 13, 65
(f) 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 72
Flashback (g) 1, 3, 9, 27, 81
(h) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 20, 24, 30,
1. 11, 13, 15, 17, 19 40, 60, 120
2. 52, 54, 56, 58 2. (a) Yes (b) No (c) Yes (d) Yes
3. (a) 42 (b) 100 (c) 168 (d) 810 (e) 744 3. (a) Yes (b) No (c) Yes
(d) Yes (e) No (f) Yes
4. (a) 31 (b) 30 (c) 9 (d) 31 (e) 26
4. (a) No (b) Yes (c) No
Test Yourself 2.1 (d) Yes (e) Yes (f) No

1. (a) Subtracting 4 from the preceding number. Test Yourself 2.5

(b) Multiplying the preceding number by 4.
(c) Dividing the preceding number by 5. 1. (a) Yes (b) Yes (c) No (d) No
(d) The second number is obtained by adding (e) Yes (f) No (g) No (h) No
1 to the first number, the third number is
obtained by adding 3 to the second number, 2. (a) 2, 7 (b) 2, 3
the fourth number is obtained by adding 5 (c) 2, 3 (d) 2, 3, 5, 7
to the third number and so on. 3. (a) 5 (b) 10 (c) 12 (d) 22
2. (a) 19, 34 (b) 47, 33 (c) 6, 162 4. (a) Yes (b) No (c) Yes (d) Yes
(d) 32, 2 (e) 11, 26
3. (a) 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19 Test Yourself 2.6
(b) 243, 81, 27, 9, 3
(c) 5, 4, 7, 6, 9, 8 1. (a) 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36
(b) 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48
(c) 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60
Test Yourself 2.2
(d) 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72
1. (a) Odd number (b) Even number 2. (a) 4, 8, 12, 16, 20
(c) Odd number (d) Even number (b) 15, 30, 45, 60, 75
(e) Odd number ( f) Even number (c) 17, 34, 51, 68, 85
2. (a) Even Odd (b) Even Odd (d) 21, 42, 63, 84, 105
(e) 42, 84, 126, 168, 210
Odd Even Odd Even
3. 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49
(c) Odd Even
Even Even 4. 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45
5. Select three from:
Test Yourself 2.3 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 18, 24, 36, 48, 72
6. (a) Yes (b) No (c) Yes (d) Yes
1. (a) Yes (b) No (c) No (d) Yes
7. 552, 1752
2. (a) 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29
(b) 23, 29, 31
(c) 2
Test Yourself 2.7
(d) 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19 1. (a) 12, 24, 36 (b) 36, 72, 108
3. (a) 2 + 11 (b) 2 + 29 (c) 24, 48, 72 (d) 20, 40, 60
(c) 2 + 41 (d) 2 + 71 2. (a) 20, 40 (b) 18, 36

2 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

 3. (a) Yes (b) Yes (c) Yes (d) No 26. 23, 29, 31
4. (a) 12 (b) 12 (c) 6 (d) 20 27. select three from 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 18, 24, 36
5. (a) 6 (b) 45 (c) 36 (d) 72 28. 10
6. (a) 20 (b) 84 (c) 24 (d) 240
Chapter 3 Real Numbers
Test Yourself 2.8
Flashback
1. (a) 1, 2, 3, 6 (b) 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24
(c) 1, 5 (d) 1, 2, 4 1. (a) –4 (b) 5 (c) –12 (d) 8
(e) 1, 2 (f) 1, 3
(g) 1, 2, 3, 6 (h) 1, 2, 5, 10 2. (a) 5 (b) 0.2 (c) 3
4
2. (a) Yes (b) No (c) Yes (d) Yes 3. (a) 0.25 (b) 2.5 (c) 1.6
3. (a) 6 (b) 5 (c) 2 (d) 6 4. (a) 3.86 (b) 0.608
4. (a) 24 (b) 7 (c) 3 (d) 32 5. (a) {a,b} (b) {c,d} (c) {a,b,c,d} (d) {b}
5. (a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 9 (d) 10
Test Yourself 3.1
Test Yourself 2.9 1. (a) 26, 27, 28, …, 42
(b) There are 56 whole numbers between 35
1. (a) Yes (b) Yes (c) No (d) Yes
and 92.
2. (a) Yes (b) Yes (c) Yes (d) No
2. (a) a whole number
3. (a) Yes (b) Yes (c) Yes (d) Yes (b) not a whole number
(c) a whole number
4. 558, 1755 (d) not a whole numbe
(e) a whole number
Mastery Practice 2 (f) a whole number
1. 3, 5, 7, 9 2. 22, 42 3. (a) 68 500 (b) 502 000 (c) 820 000
3. 83, 76, 69, 62, 55 4. 50, 52, 54 4. (a) 999 (b) 1000
5. 101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113 5. (a) 250 (b) 318
6. 23
Test Yourself 3.2
7. (a) 170 (b) 37, 41, 43, 47
1. (a) The integers are – 6, –5, – 4, –3, –2, –1, 0,
8. (a) 41 1, 2.
(b) 7 + 47; 11 + 43; 13 + 41; 17 + 37; (b) The integers are –8, –7, – 6, –5, – 4.
23 + 31 (c) The integers are –29, –30, –31, –32, –33,
9. 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15, 30 –34, –35.

10. 42 11. 2, 3, 5 2. (a) Number of integers = 26

(b) Number of integers = 13
12. 17 13. 5
3. (a) Increasing order:
14. 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 –11, –9, –5, –2, –1, 0, 2, 5, 8
(b) Decreasing order:
15. 60, 75, 90 16. 24
8, 5, 2, 0, –1, –2, –5, –9, –11
17. 12, 24, 36 18. 120, 150
4. (a) 6 (b) –2 (c) –9 (d) –2
19. 9 20. Yes (e) –3 (f) –10 (g) – 4 (h) 13
21. 1, 2, 3, 6 22. 56, 63 5. (a) –3 (b) – 4 (c) 2 (d) –7
(e) 1 (f) –12 (g) 9 (h) 0
23. 45, 48, 54, 84 24. 94
6. (a) –24 (b) –36 (c) 84 (d) 90
25. 7

Answers 3
 (e) 374 (f) –510 (g) 96 (h) –15 7 9 1 1
6. (a) (b) (c) (d) 4
20 40 250 5
7. (a) – 4 (b) –12 (c) –2 (d) –5
(e) 21 (f) 12 (g) 213 (h) 119
Test Yourself 3.6

Test Yourself 3.3 1. –π 20

–4.8 2 2 9
1. (a) All the possible rational numbers are 7 , 4, –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
2
9 , 5 and 11 . 1
2 2 2. (a) 5.4 (b) –2 (c) 4 2 (d) –16
4
(b) All the possible rational numbers are
3. Infinity (∞),  –1 and  –4 .
21 , 22 , 23 and 24 .
5 5 5 5
Test Yourself 3.7
2. No. For example,  2 = 1.4142135… is not an
integer. 1. (a) 6.61 ≈ 7 (b) 14.3 ≈ 14
(c) 78.48 ≈ 78 (d) 107.6 ≈ 108
3. (a) – 1 is in the middle of 0 and –1. (e) 499.5 ≈ 500 (f) 1567.49 ≈ 1567
2
(b) 3 is in the middle of 1 and 1. 2. (a) 56 ≈ 60 (to the nearest 10)
5 5 (b) 114 ≈ 110 (to the nearest 10)
(c) 3 is in the middle of 1 and 2 . (c) 750 ≈ 800 (to the nearest 100)
6 3 3 (d) 3249 ≈ 3200 (to the nearest 100)
(d) 7 is in the middle of 1 and 5 . (e) 84 409 ≈ 84 000 (to the nearest 1000)
16 4 8 (f) 205 410 ≈ 205 000 (to the nearest 1000)

Test Yourself 3.4 3. 54 cm2 4. $46 000

5. (a) 73.51 ≈ 73.5 (1 d.p.)
1. (a) 0.2 is a rational number.
(b) 0.418 ≈ 0.4 (1 d.p.)
(b) 1.04 is a rational number.
(c) 9.155 ≈ 9.16 (2 d.p.)
(c) 0.333 is a rational number.
(d) 0.0761 ≈ 0.080 (2 d.p.)
(d)  9 is a rational number. (e) 6.7003 ≈ 6.700 (3 d.p.)
(e)  3 is an irrational number. (f) 0.4205 ≈ 0.421 (3 d.p.)
(f)  6 is an irrational number. 3
6. (a) = 0.15 ≈ 0.2 (1 d.p.)
2. π = 3.141592654… e = 2.718281828… 20
 2 = 1.414213562… (b) 8 = 0.32 ≈ 0.3 (1 d.p.)
25
1 11
3.  10 0.838383…  11  2 (c) = 3.666 ≈ 3.67 (2 d.p.)
3
(d) 5 = 0.416 ≈ 0.42 (2 d.p.)
Test Yourself 3.5 12
(e) 3 = 0.2727 ≈ 0.273 (3 d.p.)
1. (a) 5.29, 5.38, 5.4, 5.8
11
(b) 0.56, 0.6, 0.63, 0.7
(f) 13 = 0.4062 ≈ 0.406 (3 d.p.)
(c) 2.02, 2.12, 2.21, 2.22
32
(d) 1.816, 1.826, 18.162, 18.216
7. 12 kg 8. $2000
2. (a) 4.8 (b) 0.72 (c) 1.625
(d) 0.3125 (e) 0.53125 (f) 0.140625 9. (a) 41.7 (1 d.p.) (b) 41.71 (2 d.p.)
. .. (c) 41.705 (3 d.p.) (d) 41.7054 (4 d.p.)
3. (a) 3.3 . . (b) 22.7
. 2 .
(c) 00.298 (d) 8.571428 10. h = 32.5 ≈ 10.83 cm
3
4. (a) 0.666… (b) 0.090909…
(c) 0.401401401… Test Yourself 3.8
(d) 0.0123456789 0123456789
0123456789… 1. (a) 82 = 8 × 8 = 64
5. (a) 0.1. (b) 0.6. 3. (c) 0.1. 23.
1 47 2 = 4 × 4 = 16
2
(b)
(d) 0.06. (e) 0.83. 6. (f) 0.31. 8. 7 7 49

4 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

 (c) 0.12 = 0.1 × 0.1 = 0.01 14. Length of wire = 168 cm
(d) 0.52 = 0.5 × 0.5 = 0.25 15. Original area of the garden = 16 m2
(e) (– 4) 2 = (– 4) × (– 4) = 16
16. v = 12 ms–1
(f) –1 1 = – 3
2 2 17. (a) The length of one side of the playground
– 3 = – 3 × – 3 = 9
1 2 1 2 1 2 = 250 m
2

2 2 2 4 (b) The area of the playground = 62 500 m2

2. 64, 81, 100, 121, 144, 169, 196
Test Yourself 3.9
3. (a) 
25 = 
5×5=5
(b)  
36 = 6 × 6 = 6 1. (a) 10 , 12 (b) –5 , – 4
(c) 
64 = 
8×8=8 4 . 3
(c) (–3)2 = 9 (d)
(d) 
100 = 
10 × 10 = 10 5 4
 2 , 
(e) 121 = 
11 × 11 = 11 (e) 2 2.8 (f) 49 . 22

3
(f) 169 = 
13 × 13 = 13
(g) 250 cts , Rs2.6
4. (a) 50 (b) 200 (h) –0.2 , 0.1
(c) 15 (d) 11
9 2. (a) p ≠ –4
(e) 
0.0009 = 0.03 (f) 
1.96 = 1.4 (b) The length of a rope < 2.6 m
1 3
(c) . 0.2 (d) w,
5. (a) 
846 = 29.09 (b) 
84 600 = 290.9
4 2
 (e) Number of students in the class > 25
(c) 0.0846 = 0.2909
3. (a) Jonah’s daily pocket money > $500.
6. (a) 
0.5 = 0.7071 (b) 
0.05 = 0.2236 (b) Time spent on computer games , 2 hours.
(c) 
500 = 22.36 (d) 
5000 = 70.71 4. (a) x = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
7. (a) 
36 100 = 190 (b) 
7.84 = 2.8 (b) x = {0, 1, 2, 3, …}
(c) x = {5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12}
(c) 3402 = 115 600 (d) 0.172 = 0.0289 (d) x = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
8. (a) 
11 ≈ 3.3 (1 d.p.) (b) 
45 ≈ 6.7 (1 d.p.)
(c) 
130 ≈ 11.4 (1 d.p.) Mastery Practice 3
9. (a) 
2.45 = 1.565… ≈ 1.57 (2 d.p.)
1. 725 000 2. 0.714285
(b) 
18 = 4.242… ≈ 4.24 (2 d.p.)
(c) 
736 = 27.129… ≈ 27.13 (2 d.p.) 3. 0.603603603... 4. 6351
(d) 
97 563 = 312.350… ≈ 312.35 (2 d.p.) 5. 0.079 6. $37
(e) 
0.319 = 0.564… ≈ 0.56 (2 d.p.)
(f) 
0.0048 = 0.0692… ≈ 0.07 (2 d.p.) 7. (a) No (b) Yes (c) No (d) No

8. 3.15 9. 1
10. (a) 23 = 8 (b) 103 = 1000
2
1 43 2 = 64
3
(c) (d) (– 0.5)3 = – 0.125 10. (a) 22 °C
27 (b) Length = 3
512 = 8 cm
(e) (0.01) 3 = 0.000001
(f) (– 6)3 = –216 11. (a) k = 7, p = 72.25
(b) Let x = 0.66666…
11. (a) 
3
125 = 5 (b)
3 
– 64 = –4 100x = 100 × 0.66666…
27 100x = 66.666…
= 1 –3 3 = – 3
3
(c) (d) 3
100x – x = 66.666… – x
216 2 8 2
99x = 66
3 3
(e) 0.216 = 0.6 (f) 0.000027 = 0.03 6
x = 66 = 6 = 2
12. 3 
74 088 = 42 99 9 9 3
\ 0.66666… = 2
13. (a) 20 cm. 3
(b) Perimeter of one square = 80 cm

Answers 5
12. 9 Test Yourself 4.1
Number 0.01 0.25 1 –– 2—1 16 25 36
16 4
1. (a) Two over three or two thirds
81 81
Square 0.0001 0.0625 1 ––– –– 256 625 1296 (b) Five over seven
256 16
(c) Three over ten
Square 3 3 (d) Twelve over twenty-five
0.1 0.5 1 — — 4 5 6
root 4 2
2. (a) (b)
13. (a) (39.1)2 ≈ 1600 (b) (3.5)2 ≈ 16
14. 25 , (5.55)2 , 36
(5.55)2 is between 25 and 36. (c) (d)
15. Average speed ≈ 64.67 km/h (2 d.p.)

16. h = 160 = 11.428… ≈ 11.43 (2 d.p.) 3 5 7 9
14 3. (a) (b) (c) (d)
4 8 16 20
17. (a) Length of each side of the cube
= 
49 = 7 cm Test Yourself 4.2
(b) Volume of cube
1. (a) 9 (b) 20 (c) 25 (d) 96
= 7 × 7 × 7 = 343 cm3
2. (a) No (b) Yes (c) Yes (d) No
18. y = 13 cm
5 9 3 5
19. t = 
2.25 = 1.5 3. (a) (b) (c) (d)
8 10 4 9
3 5
20. (a) 
0.3 = 0.5477 (e) (f)
4 9
(b) 
30 000 = 173.2 5 3 7 2 1 5
4. (a) , , (b) , ,
8 4 8 9 3 6
21. (a) 0.0676 = 26 = 0.26

100 5. (a) 3 1 1 (b) 4 2 1
(b) 
67 600 = 26 × 10 = 260 , , , ,
4 2 6 9 5 3
22. r = 7 cm 1 1 6 5
6. (a) (b) (c) (d)
4 3 17 9
23. (a) Speed limit on highway < 90 km/h
(b) 1.2 kg < Mass of a roasted chicken < 1.8 kg
Test Yourself 4.3
24. (a) x = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
(b) x = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} 1. (a) Yes (b) No (c) Yes (d) No

25. 4.8888… ≈ 4.889 (3 d.p.) 2. (a)

(b)
Chapter 4 Fractions

Flashback
(c)
1. (a) One over two (b) Three over ten

1 3
2. (a) (b) (d)
2 4
3 4
(c) (d)
8 8
3 5 3
3. (a) (b) 3. (a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 4
4 8 10

2 1 5 2
4. (a) 7 (b) 5 (c) 7
3 2 6 3
3

4
5. (a) 12, 2 1, 4 2
7 3 5

6 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

 2 1 2 1
(b) 3 3, 4 1, 4 1 (i) (j) (k) (l) 3
4 8 2 3 12 3 8
1 8
6. (a) 6 1, 2 2, 2 1 (m) 1
2
(n) 10
9
4 3 9
(b) 5 ,2 ,21
4 3
2. (a) 2
3
(b) 3
5
(c) 2
4
(d) 91
2
7 10 5 16 7 9 3
Test Yourself 4.4 3. 36 teachers 4. 1 7 kg
20
1. Proper fractions: 4 , 29 , 39 , 67 1 1 1
7 30 53 81 5. (a) (b) (c) 16 (d) 13
8 15 43 14 50 2
Improper fractions: , , 7 1 3 1
3 15 42 (e) (f) 2 (g) (h)
8 3 10 14
5 11 29
2. (a) (b) (c) 1 5
3 4 7 (i) 1 (j) 1
2 22
33 77 129
(d) (e) (f)
5 8 10 66 200 91
6. (a) 1 (b) (c) (d)
1 5 5 175 297 648
3. (a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 6
4 6 7 7. 10 bags 8. 12 storybooks
7 6 34
(d) 4 (e) 3 (f) 2
8 23 45
Test Yourself 4.7
Test Yourself 4.5 13 9 1 7
1. (a) 6 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 4
30 20 18 15
2 1 5
1. (a) 1 (b) 1 (c) 1
7 2 12 11 3 3 25
2. (a) 1 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 1
2 2 4 48 8 8 27
(d) 1 (e) 5 (f) 11
15 9 11 3. 1 29 kg 4. $150
29 5 9 40
(g) 8 (h) 4 (i) 9
36 24 10 5. 9 kg
1 10
(j) 12
36
Mastery Practice 4
7 17 19 12
2. (a) 4 (b) 14 (c) 14 (d) 16
12 24 36 30 1. (a) (b)
3. 4 7 hours
12
1 1 5 4 3 3 3 3 1 7 5
4. (a) (b) (c) (d) 2. (a) , , (b) , , ,
3 6 8 15 12 8 4 8 2 10 6
4 7 1 19
(e) 3 (f) 11 (g) 3 (h) 4 6 9
7 12 3 45 3. (a) (b)
7 40
17 27
(i) 4 (j) 7 1 6 2
24 28 4. (a) x = 5 , y = 5 or 5
9 9 3
1 3 23 3 1 2 1
5. (a) (b) 2 (c) 2 (d) 2 (b) x = 4 or 4 , y = 5 or 5
6 14 24 6 2 6 3
6. 9
m 5. 2 1 , 3 1 , 3 2
10
8 2 3
Test Yourself 4.6 6. (a) 17 (b) 53
7 6
3 2 2
1. (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 15 (d) 6
7 5 3 7. (a) 21 (b) 35
4 6
1 1 14 3
(e) 9 (f) 20 (g) (h)
3 4 45 8 1 1 2 1
8. (a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 2 (d)
8 3 9 6

Answers 7
 4. (a) 0.724, 0.539, 0.367
9. 7 5 m 10. 2 3 hectares
12 7 (b) 8.402, 8.245, 8.184
1 13 4 3 5. (a) 9.7 (b) 58.26 (c) 423.760
11. (a) 1 (b) 16 (c) (d) 9
2 15 25 7
7 3 Test Yourself 5.3
12. (a) (b) 16 (c) 9
12 7
5 19 1 1. (a) 325.12 (b) 67.926
(d) 4 (e) 1 (f) (c) 152.18 (d) 361.345
8 20 2
2. $828.49 3. 6.81 m
13. (a) $420 (b) 15 containers
4. (a) 189.15 (b) 5301.615
14. (a) 1 2
(b) (c) 41.626 (d) 495.052
2 3
5. 2.75 kg 6. 2.05 litres
15. (a) 13 (b)
19
4 40 7. $15.60
16. 7 3 kg
4 Test Yourself 5.4

Chapter 5 Decimals 1. (a) 73.6 (b) 2653 (c) 3200

(d) 5.312 (e) 0.043 (f) 0.1476
Flashback 2. (a) 23.52 (b) 1.258
(c) 3.456 (d) 18.4128
1. (a) Three point two
(b) Four point one 3. 43.75 km 4. $22.68
(c) Twenty-five point nine
(d) Thirty-seven point eight 5. (a) 7.42 (b) 0.846 (c) 1.37
(d) 231.5 (e) 302 (f) 29
2. (a) 5.6 (b) 48.3 (c) 83.6
6. (a) 0.02 (b) 0.44
3. (a) 3.3 (b) 9.5 (c) 48.9 (c) 5.52 (d) 0.192
4. (a) 4.2 (b) 133.6 (c) 102.5 7. (a) 2.75 (b) 205
(c) 25.4 (d) 1.36
Test Yourself 5.1
8. (a) 3.9 (b) 1.692
1. (a) 0.7 (b) 0.21 (c) 0.043 (c) 3.735 (d) 8.19
(d) 0.121 (e) 3.79 (f) 8.203
9. 24 apples 10. 0.775 m
(g) 6.4 (h) 1.55 (i) 13.017
11. $12.50
2. (a) 0.2 (b) 0.625 (c) 0.68
(d) 0.124 (e) 7.58 (f) 9.275
Test Yourself 5.5
3 2 6
3. (a) (b) (c) 1. (a) 13.8 (b) 11.764
5 25 25
41 3 5 (c) 1.12 (d) 1.284
(d) (e) 2 (f) 3
500 20 8 2. (a) 27.099 (b) 29.37
(c) 13.21 (d) 4.162
Test Yourself 5.2 (e) 138.5 (f) 5.65
(g) 120.422 (h) 15.5625
1. (a) Tenths, 0.3
(b) Hundredths, 0.05 3. $15.15 4. $34.65
(c) Thousandths, 0.004
Mastery Practice 5
2. (a) 0.62 (b) 2.476
(c) 5.192 (d) 38.716 221
1. (a) 5.60 (b)
3. (a) 2.816, 2.825, 2.834 1000
(b) 16.147, 16.281, 16.283 2. (a) 13.019 (b) 4.92

8 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

 9 5. Annual amount of pay rise $2041
3. (a) (b) 1.4
200 6. (a) Number of votes that the Blue Party got
4. (a) 378.55 (b) 276.416 = 1344
5. 15.783 6. 274.336 Number of votes that the Yellow Party got
= 840
7. 20.562 (b) Percentage of the voters did not vote for
those three parties
8. (a) 290.066 (b) 141.194
= 25%
9. 42.55 m 10. $104.49
7. (a) 25% (b) 40% (c) 17%
11. (a) 83.412 (b) 2.45 (d) 20% (e) 15% (f) 25%
(c) 0.425 (d) 3.1545
8. Percentage of green marbles = 15%
12. (a) 38.96 (b) 35.357
9. Percentage of words she spelt correctly = 76%
13. (a) 17.967 (b) 0.052 (c) 13.587
10. Number of population between 15 and 60 years
14. 6.6 kg 15. $6.40 old = 20 760
16. (a) 4.96 (b) 3.932 11. y = 120 12. $40
17. 0.394 18. 0.36 13. 25 kg
19. $39.40
Test Yourself 6.3
20. (a) 2.375 (b) 8.88
1. (a) New value = 48
(b) New value = 116
Chapter 6 Percentages (c) New value = 975
2. (a) New value = 117 kg
Flashback
(b) New value = 135
1. (a) 0.3 (b) 0.61 (c) 0.087 (c) New value = 480
2. (a) 9 (b) 1 (c) 49 3. (a) New value = 117 kg
10 100 100 (b) New value = 222 m
3. (a) 1.6 m (b) 2.1 l (c) New value = $800
(c) $12 (d) $125
4. (a) New value = 1140 ml
(b) New value = 4.5 days
Test Yourself 6.1
(c) New value = 315 cm
1. (a) 3% (b) 47% (c) 201% 5. (a) Percentage decrease = 40%
7 29 121 (b) Percentage increase = 20%
2. (a) (b) (c) (c) Percentage decrease = 4%
100 100 100
3. (a) 20% (b) 45% (c) 50% (d) Percentage increase = 50%

4. (a) 60% (b) 8% (c) 120.4% 6. Percentage increase = 5%

1 8 3 7. Percentage decrease = 10%

5. (a) (b) (c) 1
50 25 5 8. New value = $4830
6. (a) 0.008 (b) 0.96 (c) 1.75
9. New value = $1386
Test Yourself 6.2 10. New value = $147

1. (a) 105 (b) 5.2 cm Test Yourself 6.4

(c) 17 kg (d) $610
(e) 195 m (f) 18 km 1. (a) Profit = $30 (b) Loss = $8
2. $312 3. 660 (c) Profit = $3.60 (d) Loss = $4.50

4. Amount of copper = 38 grams 2. Percentage loss = 30%

Amount of tin = 2 grams 3. Percentage profit = 20%

Answers 9
 4. Percentage profit = 20% Chapter 7 Integers
5. Cost price = $550
Flashback
6. (a) Amount of discount = $75
Actual price = $675 1. (a) 237, 273, 327,372
(b) Amount of discount = $160 (b) 865, 668, 658, 568
Actual price = $1440
2. (a) 1081 (b) 43
7. (a) Discount = $700 (c) 58 (d) 18 144
(b) Discount = $89.9
3. (a) 13 (b) 402
8. (a) New sale price = $256 (c) 67 (d) 9
(b) New sale price = $170
4. (a) 4 (b) 144 (c) 529
(c) New sale price = $437.5
9. Percentage discount = 40% Test Yourself 7.1
10. Cost price = $6300 1. (a) Negative seventeen
(b) Positive twenty-three
Mastery Practice 6 (c) Positive forty-eight
(d) Negative sixty-nine
1. Percentage profit = 15.5% (e) Negative two hundred and five
2. Percentage increase = 30% (f) Positive four hundred and sixteen

3. 1610 2. (a) – 42 (b) +9

(c) +68 (d) –270
4. Percentage increase = 16%
3. – 9, 4, –78
5. Number of students who do not like to play
basketball = 32 4. (a)
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
6. Price of the handphone = $650
(b)
–20 –19 –18 –17 –16 –15
7. Percentage of students who scored less than 60
marks = 32 5. (a) is less than
(b) is greater than
8. Percentage of black pens = 25% (c) is greater than
9. 20% (d) is less than
(e) is greater than
10. 12
6. (a) – 5, – 4, –3, –1, 0, 2
11. Percentage loss = 20% (b) – 9, – 7, –5, 3, 6, 8
12. New value = $420 7. (a) 9, 7, 3, – 6, –10, –12
13. Cost price = $350 (b) 8, 5, –3, – 4, – 6, –11

14. Percentage profit = 25% 8. (a) 5, – 9 (b) 13, –15

(c) –7, – 30 (d) 15, – 20
15. 16%
9. (a) –3, – 7, –11 (b) – 7, – 2, 13
16. Price of the present = $575 (c) – 28, – 22, –16 (d) – 29, – 26, –17
(e) – 31, – 22, 5
17. Percentage loss = 20%
10. (a) – $80 (b) – 42 m
18. Sale price = $2520
(c) +5 m or 5 m (d) – 8 °C
19. Percentage decrease = 25% (e) +1 hour or 1 hour
20. $6000 11. (a) – 3 km (b) +4
21. 25%
Test Yourself 7.2
22. $168
1. (a) 3 (b) –6 (c) –8
(d) –9 (e) 0 (f) –12

10 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

 2. (a) 2 (b) –1 (c) –4 13. – 8ºC 14. 3ºC
(d) 0 (e) –13 (f) –5
15. 20ºC 16. 49
3. 25 m below sea level or – 25 m
17. 10 18. $3200
4. 4°C 5. 9°C
19. – 9ºC 20. 20
6. (a) 16 (b) –4 (c) – 18
21. (a) –26 (b) 6 (c) 20
(d) 18 (e) 14 (f) –6
22. 60ºC 23. 21ºC
7. (a) –5 (b) –10 (c) 13
(d) 10 (e) –8 (f) –2 24. 16 25. 27
8. (a) –4 (b) 10 (c) –5
(d) –1 (e) 3 (f) –12 Chapter 8 Algebraic Expressions I
9. 9 m 10. – 6°C
Flashback
11. 15 m below sea level
1. (a) 3 (b) –2 (c) 4
Test Yourself 7.3 (d) 3 (e) 7, 46
2. (a) 2 (b) 6 (c) 5
1. (a) –10 (b) – 40
(d) 1 (e) 10 (f) 9
(c) 0 (d) 54
2. (a) – 40 (b) –144 Test Yourself 8.1
(c) –72 (d) 150
1. (a) There are x monkeys in the zoo.
3. –15 m 4. – 8°C (b) Alex cut a reel of string into n pieces.
5. (a) –3 (b) 4 (c) A bus took y hours to travel from Tokyo to
(c) 20 (d) –12 Osaka.
(e) –7 (f) 6 (d) Simon bought k kg of durians.

6. (a) –5 (b) –3 2. (a) x : object (b) m : unknown

(c) 7 (d) –4 y : unknown n : object
(c) H : object (d) y : unknown
7. (a) 2 (b) –7
k : unknown z : unknown
(c) 3 (d) 2
8. 7°C 9. 1.25 m Test Yourself 8.2

Mastery Practice 7 1. (a) –7 (b) 4

5
1. –10, – 8, – 2, 0, 3, 7 (c) 20 (d) 1
2. 7, 5, 1, – 2, – 3, – 6 (e) 1 (f) – 3
12 10
3. – 3, –2, –1, 0, 1
2. (a) Like terms (b) Unlike terms
4. 6, 2, – 9, –10, –13 (c) Like terms (d) Like terms
(e) Unlike terms (f) Unlike terms
5. – 3, 13
3. (a) Like terms (b) Like terms
6. Q = – 8, R = 8
(c) Unlike terms (d) Unlike terms
7. –11, –10, –9, –8, –7, –6
Test Yourself 8.3
8. –1
9. –13, –10, –8, 2, 7 1. (a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 5
(d) 4 (e) 5
10. –11
2. (a) 9k (b) 12m (c) 5y
11. (a) –4 (b) 12 (c) –11
(d) –8 (e) –15 (f) 8 (d) 5x (e) – 8h (f) –11f

12. –13ºC 3. (a) 3x (b) 3y (c) –3m

(d) –7p (e) 4z (f) 2k

Answers 11
 4. (a) 8x + 3 (b) 12 – 5y 4 5

(c) 4m – 1 (d) 3p – 2
(c) 0.63 (d) 1–   3 2
7 w – 11 2. (a) 7×7
(e) –5 (f)
8 (b) 5×5×5×5
5. (a) 5x + 2y (b) –2m + n (c) – 4 × (– 4) × (– 4) × (– 4) × (– 4)
(c) 4p + 2q + 8 (d) 12 w – 4f + 5 (d) 0.3 × 0.3 × 0.3 × 0.3 × 0.3 × 0.3
(e) 18k – 5e (f) 4g 4 4 4
(e) –   × –  
3 13 2 1
× –  
3 2
b 4 1 1 1 1 1
6. (a) (b) f– g ( f ) 1 ×1 ×1 ×1
6 3 4 2 2 2 2
Mastery Practice 8 3. (a)
128 (b) 625
(c) – 243 (d) 256
1. (a) The height of Suhana. (e) 0.027 (f) 0.000064
(b) The marks scored by Zalina. 1 32
(g) (h) –
81 3125
2. (a) x = object, y = unknown
125
(i)  
(b) n = unknown, m = object
27
1 3
3. (a) 0.5 (b) (c) –   4. (a) 24 (b) 34 (c) 54
7 10
5
4. 2k, –8k and other possible answers
1 2
3
(d) (–6)3 (e) 0.43 (f)
4
5. (a) No (b) No
Test Yourself 9.2
6. (a) 5 (b) 6
1. (a) 25 (b) 37 (c) 410
7. (a) –h (b) –16m
(d) 76 (e) 811 (f) 1115
(c) 6k (d) 17g
8. (a) –2p – 4 (b) –3f 2. (a) a6 (b) f9 (c) 6m 4
(c) p–3 (d) 13x + 1 (d) 40q 6 (e) –180r 10 (f) 10y 6

9. (a) 8c + 9d (b) 23p + 3q 3. (a) 2 2 × 35 (b) 4 5 × 54

(c) 7g + 2h (d) –3x – 5y (c) 54 × 65 (d) 2 7 × 67 × 75
(e) 3x 2 + 9x (f) 8a 2 + 3a 4. (a) a 2b 3 (b) g 3h 5
(g) 12u + 5u 2 (h) mn + 5m – 9n (c) 6q 4r 4 (d) – 80x 2 y 4z 3
10. (a) 24t (b) 10x + 8
Test Yourself 9.3
(c) 23a + 4
5 52 1. (a) 3 (b) 43
11. (a) (b)
2x 45h (c) 54 (d) 15 8
5w – 8 5e + 37
(c) (d) 2. (a) d4 (b) g6 (c) 3h 5
12 24
(d) 9p 4 (e) –14q 5 (f) –2x 6

Chapter 9 Indices Test Yourself 9.4

Flashback 1. (a) 36 (b) 512

(c) 710 (d) 10 0
1. 4 2. 16
2. (a) d6 (b) e8
3. 9 4. 4 (c) p 30 (d) q 28
5. 125 6. 49 3. (a) 2 2 × 34
7. 1296 8. 36 (b) 48 × 512
(c) 320 × 55 × 710
9. 64 10. 400 (d) 518 × 73 × 96
(e) 712 × 93 × 119 × 1315
Test Yourself 9.1
4. (a) j 6k 3 (b) 8f  9g 6
1. (a) 24 (b) (–3) 6 (c) 625m 8p 4q 12 (d) 1024t 5u15v 5w 10

12 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

 26 412 6. (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4
5. (a) (b)
52 78 (d) 10 (e) 10 (f) 150
(c) 310 ÷ 75 (d) 116 ÷ 138 3
7. (a) b (b) p2
6. (a) b 4
(b) h 12 2 8 1
(c) q 3
(d) x y5
3
c2 g8
(c) m15 ÷ n 5 (d) x 18 ÷ y 30
8. (a) 8 (b) 16 (c) 25
7. (a) 16 (b) 4 × 66 (d) 256 (e) 1296 (f) 1000
(c) 34 × 52 (d) 3 8 × 74
(e) 81 (f) 36 × 83 Test Yourself 9.7

8. (a) a 4d 2 (b) m 3n 1. (a) 24 (b) 432 (c) 180

(c) p 4q 11 (d) r 2s 3 1
(e) 6ef 6 (f) 4x 3y 8 (d) 625 (e) 4 (f)
3
27
(g) 256 (h) (i) 27
Test Yourself 9.5 2
1 1 24
1. (a) (b) (c) 1 2. (a) (b) 8 (c) f 2g 2
4 p t9
52
1 3
(d) (e) 1 (f) 1 (d) 1 (e) 6n 2 (f) 5p
12 3 g4 z7 d2
x 4y 2z 2 2 1
2. (a) 5–1 (b) d –1 (c) 9–4 (g) (h) (i)
(d) 24–3 (e) f –4 (f) m –10 3 3x 3 u

Mastery Practice 9
3. (a) 16 (b) 625 (c) 64
4 81
(d) 4 (e) (f) 486 1. (a) 625 (b)
81 16
1 1 2. (a) g 18 (b) 12p 5q 2
4. (a) a 13 (b) (c)
d n 3
3. (a) 144 (b)
9 8xz 4 4
(d) p 8r 10 (e) (f)
s 2t y2
3 4 4
4. (a) y4 (b) 1 (c) x y
4
Test Yourself 9.6
5. (a) 96 (b) 3 (c) 54
 36
1. (a) (b)  625
4

(c) 6 64 (d) 3
343
6. (a) 81 (b) 64 (c) 1
(e) 5 1024 ( f ) 8 6561 8 2
(d) (e) 3 (f)
1 1
5 9
2. (a) 144 4 (b) 512 3
1 1 12
(c) 2401 4 (d) 3125 5 (g)
18
1 1
(e) 729 6
(f) 1024 10
7. (a) 81p 2q 6 (b) 3m 3n 8
3. (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 10 3p 2
(c) (d) 3p 2 q 3
(d) 6 (e) 5 (f) 2 q2
1 1 8. 5 9. 1
4. (a) (i) (27 ) 2 3
(ii) (27 ) 3 2 4
– 1
1 1
(b) (i) (8 ) 3 2
(ii) (8 2 )3 10.
1 1
4
(c) (i) (10243) 5 (ii) (1024 5 ) 3 11. (a) 33 (b) 24p 4q 7
1 1 8
(d) (i) (128 ) 4 7
(ii) (128 ) 7 4
12. (a) 85 (b) 4p 4
5. (a)  81
(i) 4 3
(ii) (  81 )
4 3
13. (a) d7
(b)  1003
(i) (ii) ( 100) 3 (b) (i) 243 (ii) 53
1

(c) (i) 5 2432 (ii) (5 243) 2

14. (a) 36 (b) qr 6
(d) (i) 8 2563 (ii) (8 256) 3

Answers 13
 1 Test Yourself 10.2
15. (a) (b) 3
27
1. (a) ∠AOB and ∠DOE,
16. (a) 2 (b) 64 fg 3 ∠AOE and ∠BOD
17. (a) p 15 (b) q2 (b) ∠PQT and ∠RQU,
∠PQU and ∠TQR,
18. (a) 1 (b) 48 ∠TRQ and ∠SRV,
∠TRS and ∠QRV
Chapter 10 Lines and Angles
2. (a) p = 55°, q = 125°, r = 55°
(b) y = 49°
Flashback (c) x = 35°, y = 55°, z = 90°
(d) x = 120°
1. A protactor
3. Complementary angles:
2. (a) 90º (b) 90º
∠B and ∠D, ∠C and ∠G
3. The railway track, the opposite sides of books. Supplementary angles:
∠A and ∠D, ∠B and ∠E, ∠C and ∠F
Test Yourself 10.1 4. ∠PQU and ∠RQU, ∠RQU and ∠RQT,
∠RQT and ∠PQT, ∠PQT and ∠PQU,
1. (a) (b) T S ∠QRW and ∠SRW, ∠SRW and ∠SRV,
T S
R R ∠SRV and ∠QRV, ∠QRV and ∠QRW

P Q
5. (a) 144° (b) 22°
P Q

(c) (d) 6. (a) x = 152°, y = 62°

T S T S (b) x = 108°, y = 18°
R (c) x = 95°, y = 85°
R
(d) x = 20°, y = 30°
P Q P Q
Test Yourself 10.3
2. (a) x = ∠CAD or ∠DAC
y = ∠BAC or ∠CAB 1. (a) Yes (b) No
(b) a = ∠POS or ∠SOP 2. (a) PQ and UT, RS and WV
b = ∠ROS or ∠SOR (b) PQ and JK, LM and RK
(c) p = ∠AEC or ∠CEA
q = ∠BAE or ∠EAB 3. PS and RS, QR and RS
r = ∠BCD or ∠DCB
s = ∠CED or ∠DEC Test Yourself 10.4
(d) w = ∠KFH or ∠HFK 1. (a) x = 85°, y = 95° (b) x = 100°, y = 75°
x = ∠KEF or ∠FEK (c) x = 80°, y = 70° (d) x= 60°, y = 110°
y = ∠EKJ or ∠JKE (e) x = 115°, y = 65° (f) x = 95°, y = 125°
z = ∠GHF or ∠FHG (g) x = 98°, y = 80° (h) x = 75°, y = 85°
3. (a) 82° (b) 236° 2. (a) 115° (b) 130°
(c) 123° (d) 307° (c) 42° (d) 55°
5. Acute angles : q, u (e) 105° (f) 55°
Right angle : s
Obtuse angle : r
Mastery Practice 10
Reflex angles : p, t
6. (a) 138° (b) 16° 1. R
(c) 12° (d) 19°
7. (a) 308° (b) 146°
(c) 94° (d) 38° 134°
P Q

14 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

 2. x = 35°, y = 55° 3. k = 100°, n = 80° 2. (a) (b) A

4. p = 65°, q = 115° 5. 45° A B

6. 35° 7. 10° B
8. 55° 9. 25°
(c) A (d) A D
10. 60° 11. 36°
C D
12. 3° 13. 130°
B C B
14. 35° 15. 220°
3. (a) (i) 1 (ii) 0
16. c 17. 40° (b) (i) 5 (ii) 5
18. 110° 19. 120° (c) (i) 3 (ii) 3
(d) (i) 0 (ii) 2
20. 230° 21. 40°
22. 55° Test Yourself 11.3

1. (a) Yes (b) No

Chapter 11 Polygons I

Flashback

1. (a) Square (b) Rectangle

(c) Triangle
(c) Yes (d) Yes
2. All the four sides of a square have the same
length.
45°
3. A square has sides of same length but a
rectangle has opposite sides of same length.

2. (a) (b)
Test Yourself 11.1 6 cm 6 cm

58° 58°
1. (a) Quadrilateral (b) Pentagon 6 cm 8 cm
(c) Heptagon (d) Hexagon
(c) M (d)
R
2. (a) 3 sides, 3 vertices, no diagonals
8.4 cm
(b) 5 sides, 5 vertices, 5 diagonals
105° 50°
(c) 8 sides, 8 vertices, 20 diagonals 40°
(d) 7 sides, 7 vertices, 14 diagonals K 6.4 cm L P 7.5 cm Q

(e) X (f) C
Test Yourself 11.2
7.2 cm 80°
46° 54°
1. (a) (b) 60° A 8 cm B
Y 5.6 cm Z

3. (a) Isosceles triangle

(b) Equilateral triangle
(c) Scalene triangle
2 lines of 1 line of
(d) Isosceles triangle
symmetry symmetry
4. (a) Obtuse-angled triangle
(c) (d) (b) Acute-angled triangle
(c) Right-angled triangle
(d) Obtuse-angled triangle
5. (a) 72° (b) 14° (c) 128° (d) 28°
1 line of 2 lines of
symmetry symmetry

Answers 15
 6. (a) 100° (b) 135° (c) 86° (d) 120° 2. R

7. (a) 137° (b) 30° (c) 22° (d) 42°

(e) 100° (f) 17° (g) 34° (h) 41°
P Q

Test Yourself 11.4

1. (a) Yes (b) Yes S

3.

(c) Yes (d) No

4. 68º 5. 28º
6. 77º 7. 42º

8. 100º 9. 98º
2. (a) (b)
10. 110º 11. 55°
4.2 cm 4.5 cm
12. 40° 13. 80°
4.2 cm 5.6 cm
14. 40° 15. 85°
(c) (d) H 4 cm G
16.
D C
Q
110° 4.6 cm 5.2 cm
70° R
A 6.8 cm B P
E 6 cm F
S
(e) N M (f)
S
100° R
5.6 cm 7 cm 17. 100° 18. 225°
60° 70° 70° 120° 5.4 cm
19. 19° 20. 110°
K 7.2 cm L P 8 cm Q
21. 30° 22. 175°
3. (a) Rectangle and square
(b) Square and rhombus 23. 82° 24. 74°
(c) Rectangle, square, rhombus or
25. 55°
parallelogram
(d) Trapezium
(e) (i) Opposite sides are parallel and of Chapter 12 Circles I
equal length.
(ii) Diagonals bisect each other.
Flashback
(f) Rectangle and square
(g) Square and rhombus 1. (a) 100 (b) 10 000
(h) Rectangle and rhombus (c) 0.01
4. (a) 58° (b) 57° (c) 132° (d) 124° 2. (a) 57.5 cm (b) 122.4 cm

5. (a) 120° (b) 110° (c) 81° 3. (a) 54 mm 2

(b) 202.5 cm2
(d) 62° (e) 81° (f) 130°
Test Yourself 12.1

Mastery Practice 11 1. (a) Diameter (b) Chord

(c) Radius (d) Minor sector
1. 1 line of symmetry (e) Minor segment (f) Semicircle

16 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

 2. (a) (i) d = 18 cm (ii) d = 30 cm 2. (a) d = 7 cm (b) d = 5.6 cm
(iii) d = 15 cm (iv) d = 57 cm (c) d = 49 cm (d) d = 84 cm
(b) (i) r = 3 cm (ii) r = 5.5 cm 3. (a) r = 35 cm (b) r = 2.1 cm
(iii) r = 17 cm (iv) r = 26.5 cm (c) r = 28 cm (d) r = 630 cm

3. (a) (b) 4. (a) Perimeter of semicircle = 82.27 m

3 cm 1.5 cm (b) Perimeter = 161.70 m
O O
5. (a) Distance covered = 35.2 m

(b) 125 complete revolutions
(c) 6. d = 8.4 cm
26 mm
O
Test Yourself 12.3

1. (a) Length of arc = 8.8 cm

4. (a) (i) (ii) (b) Length of arc = 4.4 cm
C (c) Length of arc = 44 cm
A B (d) Length of arc = 22 cm
D
2. (a) x = 80° (b) x = 90°

(c) x = 120° (d) x = 36°
(b)
3. KL = 35.2 cm
5 cm
4. (a) r = 25.2 cm (b) r = 28 cm
(c) r = 21 cm (d) r = 28 cm

5. Perimeter = 30.8 cm
5. (a) (b)
P 6. Perimeter = 29.63 cm
O O
P
Test Yourself 12.4

1. (a) Area = 2464 cm2

6. 1.5 cm N (b) Area = 701.0 cm2
M (c) Area = 24.64 cm2
O
(d) Area = 78.6 cm2
2
cm

2. (a) r = 1.4 cm d = 2.8 cm

7. (a) (b) (b) r = 2.1 cm d = 4.2 cm
3 cm 2.8 cm
30° 3. (a) C = 39.6 cm (b) C = 22 cm
78°
4. (a) A = 616 cm2 (b) A = 12 474 cm2

8. (a) (b) 5. (a) r = 7 cm

r (b) Area of the shaded region = 103.69 cm2
O
O r 6. Area of the shaded region = 38.5 cm2

Test Yourself 12.5

1. (a) Area of shaded sector = 12.32 cm2

Test Yourself 12.2 (b) Area of shaded sector = 4.62 cm2
(c) Area of shaded sector = 18.48 cm2
1. (a) C = 4.4 cm (b) C = 110 cm
(c) C = 25.14 cm (d) C = 40.85 cm 2. (a) x = 60° (b) x = 140°

Answers 17
 3. (a) r = 7 cm (b) r = 10.5 cm 2. (a) Equilateral triangle
(b) Isosceles triangle
4. Area of the shaded region = 84.48 cm2 (c) Right-angled triangle
(d) Parallelogram
5. Perimeter of the sector = 98.4 cm
(e) Square
6. Area of diagram = 315.5 cm2 (f) Rectangle

7. Area of shaded region = 150.82 cm2

Test Yourself 13.1
8. Area of shaded region = 7.64 cm2
1. (a) P 6.8 cm Q
9. Area of sector OPQ = 15.4 cm2
(b)
8.4 cm
Mastery Practice 12 A B

(c)
1. Perimeter of the shaded region = 29.71 cm R 5.9 cm S

2. Perimeter of the diagram = 49 cm

2. (a) L
2 5.8 cm
3. Perimeter of the diagram = 53 cm 4.8 cm
3
4. Perimeter = 130 cm K 9.3 cm M

5. 58 cm 6. 49 cm
(b)
7. 6 cm 8. 110 cm
7 5.6 cm 5.6 cm
9. 11 cm 10. 128 cm
5.6 cm
11. Area of the shaded region = 235.5 cm2

12. Area of the shaded region = 20.58 cm2

(c)
13. x = 60° 6.4 cm 6.4 cm

14. Area of the diagram = 350 cm2

5 cm
1
15. Area of the shaded region = 133 cm2
7 3. C
4
16. Area of the shaded region = 52 cm2
5
17. Area of rectangle = 31.36 cm2
A B
18. 8.8 cm 19. 18 + 3π cm

20. 94 cm 21. 108 m

4. (a)
22. 25 π – 48 cm2 23. 8 π cm2 K
M
24. 61 cm

Chapter 13 Geometrical Construction (b) Q

Flashback

1. (a) Ruler (b) Set square

P
(c) Compasses (d) Protactor

18 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

 5. (b)
A
N
M

P A
11. (a)
∠MAP = 100°

6. (a) M
O B
Q

(b) P
P

(b) P 30°
O Q
M
(c) M

105°
7. A
O N
C
(d)
B

S
P
22.5°
∠APB = 35° O P

8. (a) P (e)
D 165°
O E
60°
Q R

M (f)
(b) J

120° 37.5°
O M
N P

9. (a) S P
12. (a) T

120°
60°
Q R
120° 22.5°
(b) S P R 7.2 cm S

120° (b)
60° R
Q
R
15°
P 5.8 cm Q
10. (a)
13. (a) Z
6.5 cm

45°
X 7.2 cm Y

Answers 19
 (b) C (d) A B
7 cm
C 5.2 cm
5.2 cm
A 15° 6.5 cm B

14. A 67.5°
D 6.8 cm C

8 cm
17.

B 9 cm C 5 cm

AC = 12 cm
4 cm

C V
A 18. U
8 cm 9 cm

X W

Mastery Practice 13
AC = 4.1 cm

15. (a) 1. (a) P

6 cm
M 3.5 cm
Q
Q R
P (b) 34°

(b) 2. (a) S R

P 5 cm

M P Q

Q (b) 8.4 cm

16. (a) S S
6.2 cm R 3. (a) R

cm
30° 2
5.
P 8.3 cm Q

P Q
(b) W V (b) 43°
5.3 cm

4. (a)
S R
75°
T 6.7 cm U T

(c) K
N P Q
(b) (i) 14° (ii) 1.9 cm
5.2 cm

L 4.5 cm M

20 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

 5. (a) S R (b) S
R

60°
P Q P
T Q
(b) (i) 70° (ii) 3.2 cm

6. (a) T 12. (a) 28°

S (b) (i)

P R K N

(b) 2.6 cm 120°

M

R L
7. (a)
Q
(ii) 3.1 cm
120°
13. (a) E
G
60°
S P
4 cm
(b) (i) 2.5 cm (ii) 81°
F

8. (a) S (b) 49°

6 cm
14. (a) 53º
4 cm 15°
P (b) P
5 cm
Q R
Q
S

(b) (i) 50° (ii) 5.6 cm

R

9. (a) S

T Chapter 14 Statistics I
2 cm
P Q R Flashback
(b) (i) 135° (ii) 5.5 cm 3
1. (a) 36 (b)
4
10. (a) 3
T (c) ( d)  1
75° S 4 30

2. (a) 21 (b) 4
4 9
P Q R (c) 4 (d) 11
5 4

Test Yourself 14.1

(b) (i) 4.2 cm
(ii) 95° 1. (a) Measuring
(b) Counting
11. (a) 42°
(c) Measuring
(d) Counting

Answers 21
 2. 2
Item Amount spent ($) 2. (a) July (b) 140 000 (c) 14 %
17
Transport 250 3. (a) Saturday (b) 1800
Clothes 200 (c) 600 (d) $1190
Food 560 4.
Utility bills 180 Grades Achieved by
a Class of Students
Entertainment 280
12
3. Person Height (m) 10

Number of students
Ram 1.52
8
Adam 1.56
Nora 1.47 6

Almeida 1.75 4

2
Test Yourself 14.2
0
A B C D E
1. (a) The frequency for: Grade

3 is 11, 4 is 4, 5 is 7, 6 is 3. 5. (a) Saturday (b) $45

(b) Number Tally Frequency (c) $530 (d) $11.25
3 |||| |||| | 11 6. ,
Thanesh s Jogging Sessions
4 |||| 4 from March to August
5 |||| || 7 26
6 ||| 3 24
22
2. (a) Price ($) Tally(b) Frequency 20
Number of sessions

2.50 |||| ||| 8 18

3.00 |||| |||| ||| 13 16
14
3.50 |||| | 6
12
4.00 |||| |||| 9 10
8
(b) $3.00 (c) 9 (d) 21 6
4
3. (a) Hours 1 2 3 4 2

Frequency 15 6 5 2 0
Mar.
Apr.
May
Jun.
Jul.
Aug.

(b) 15 (c) 11
28 Month

4. (a) 57 (b) 11 : 100 7. (a) $7500 (b) $177 500 (c) 25.4%

5. (a) 570 (b) 181 (c) 35.96% 8. 15 cats

9. Number of Pendrives
Test Yourself 14.3 Sold by a Booth
250
1. Number of Cars Passed Through
Number of pendrives

a Toll Booth 200

Monday
150
Tuesday
100
Wednesday
50
Thursday

Friday 0
Fri. Sat. Sun.
Day
represents 2000 cars

22 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

10. Number of Boxes of Chocolate 9.
Sold by a Shop in a Week
D
160
C

Charity
Number of boxes
120
B
80
A
40
0 4 8 12 16 20 Amount
0 of money
Vanilla

Coffee

Strawberry

Plain
(thousand $)

10. 3.00 p.m.
Flavour 11. Number of Broadband Users
in a Town
2
11. 15 12.
5 350
13. 25 000 children

Number of broadband users

300
14. (a) 25
(b) Between 2003 and 2004 250
(c) 275 200
15. (a) $35 000 (b) $75 000 150
(c) 44.44% (d) $400 million
100
Mastery Practice 14 50

0
1. (a) Number of books 1 2 3 4 5 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Year
Number of students 5 8 3 2 2
12. (a) Between 2014 and 2015
(b) 4 students (b) 100%
2. 45 3. 220 13. (a) 8 (b) $476

4. (a) 123 (b) 1 (c) March 14. Number of

8 digital cameras

5. (a) Number of Visitors to an Oceanarium 20

2007
16
2008
12
2009

represents 10 000 visitors 8

(b) $1 600 000 4

0
6. 700 tickets March April May June July
Number of Runners in an
Month
7.
International 15-km Race
15. (a) $300 (b) 37.5% (c) $560
Malaysia

Singapore
Chapter 15 Perimeter and Area
Indonesia

represents 10 runners Flashback

1. (a) 1000 (b) 0.4
8. (a) 30 (b) 61 (c) 25%
(c) 5000 (d) 3.7
2
(e) 2.76

Answers 23
 2. (a) Square (b) Rectangle 2. (a) 25 cm2 (b) 72 m2 (c) 64 cm2
(c) Triangle (d) Parallelogram
Test Yourself 16.1
Test Yourself 15.1
1. (a) 6, 12, 8
1. (a) 16 cm (b) 15 cm (b) (i) rectangle (ii) rectangle
(c) 36 cm (d) 32 cm (iii) rectangle
(c) (i) EF, HG, DC (ii) FG, AD, EH
2. 30 cm 3. 4
(iii) DH, BF, CG

Test Yourself 15.2 2. 6, 8, 12

3. (a) cuboid (b) cube
1. (a) 25 000 000 m2 (b) 77 000 cm2
(c) cuboid (d) cube
(c) 677 000 mm2 (d) 0.56 km2
(e) 0.0462 m2 (f) 0.7173 m2
Test Yourself 16.2
2. (a) 28.9 cm2 (b) 36 cm2
1. (a) Area of face PQUT = 400 cm2
3. 44 cm2 4. 56 cm2
(b) Total surface area = 2400 cm2
5. 3000 m2
(c) Volume of the cube = 8000 cm3

Test Yourself 15.3 2. (a) Total surface area = 150 m2

Volume of the cube = 125 m3
1. (a) CD (b) HE
(b) Total surface area = 1536 mm3
2. (a) 9 cm­2 (b) 40 cm2 Volume of the cube = 4096 mm3
3. (a) 64 cm2 (b) 48 cm2 (c) 135 cm2 (c) Total surface area = 40.56 cm2
(d) 96 cm2 (e) 90 cm2 (f) 56 cm2 Volume of the cube = 17.576 cm3

4. (a) 72 cm2 (b) 135 cm­2 3. (a) l 2 = 49 cm2 (b) l = 7 cm

5. (a) 60 cm 2
(b) 30 cm 2

(c) 120 cm2 (d) 23 cm2 4. (a) l = 4 cm

(b) Total surface area = 96 cm2
6. 8 cm 7. 12 cm2
8. $9360 5. (a) l 2 = 25 cm2 (b) l = 5 cm
(c) Volume of cube = 125 cm3
Mastery Practice 15
6. Total surface area = 5400 cm2
1. 24 cm 2. 36 cm Volume of the water tank = 27 000 cm3
3. 50 cm 4. 29.4 cm2
7. h = 13 cm
5. 64 cm2 6. 6 cm
7. 28 cm2 8. 29 cm2 Test Yourself 16.3
9. 18 cm2 10. 60 cm2
1. (a) Total surface area = 88 cm2
11. 336 cm 2
12. $880 Volume of the cuboid = 48 cm3
13. 60 cm2
14. 5 cm (b) Total surface area = 172 mm2
15. 210 cm 2
16. 75 cm 2 Volume of the cuboid = 112 mm3

17. 156 cm 2
18. 81 cm2 (c) Total surface area = 650 cm2
Volume of the cuboid = 900 cm3
Chapter 16 Solid Geometry I (d) Total surface area = 432 m2
Volume of the cuboid = 576 m3
Flashback
2. Volume of the rectangular box = 360 cm3
1. (a) 170 cm2 (b) 5.5 m 2
(c) 68 500 cm2

24 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

 3. (a) h = 12 cm (b) h = 10 mm Test Yourself 17.1
(c) h = 20.4 cm
1. (a) –10 (b) – 40
(c) 0 (d) 54
4. Volume of water required = 1512 cm3
2. (a) – 40 (b) –144
5. h = 5 cm 6. h = 6 cm (c) –72 (d) 150
7. k = 4 cm 3. 15 m 4. 8 °C

8. Area of the shaded part = 72 cm2 5. (a) –5 (b) –3

(c) 7 (d) –4
9. Number of cubes in the box = 12
6. (a) 2 (b) –7
(c) 3 (d) 2
10. Number of cubes = 120
7. 7 °C 8. 1.25 m
Mastery Practice 16
Test Yourself 17.2
1. (a) Total surface area = 150 cm 2
1. (a) 1 (b) 6
Volume of the cube = 125 cm3 (c) –12 (d) 4
(b) Total surface area = 238 cm2
2. (a) 16 (b) 68
Volume of the cuboid = 195 cm3
(c) 12 (d) –72
2. y = 6 cm 3. (a) 25 (b) 5
(c) 12 (d) 12
3. Volume of water required = 360 cm 3
(e) 9 (f) – 35
4. Number of bottles = 4 (g) –3 (h) –4
4. 36°C 5. 10
  5. h = 5 cm

6. h = 8.5 cm Test Yourself 17.3

7. Volume of water = 800 cm3

1. (a) –1 1 , –   4 –   2 , 3
5 5 5 5
8. PQ = 4 cm
(b) – , –   , –   , 5
3 1 1
9. (a) Volume of cuboid = 13 440 cm3 4 2 4 8
(b) Maximum number of cubes = 210 2. (a) > (b) < (c) < (d) <

10. 18 cm 11. h = 3.5 cm 1 5 3 2

3. (a) (b) (c) 1 (d) –2
2 6 14 15
12. 32 cm3 13. 144 cm3
1 1 3 19
4. (a) 1 (b) (c) 4 (d)
14. h = 5.04 cm 4 4 10 21
1 1 11 3
15. Number of cuboids = 343 5. (a) –   (b) 1 (c) –1 (d) –3
8 28 63 10
3 1 25 1
Chapter 17 Directed Numbers 6. (a) 1 (b) –1 (c) 2 (d) 5
10 2 56 6
1 1 1 3
Flashback 7. (a) –   (b) –   (c) (d)
2 6 2 4
1. (a) 17 (b) 6 1 1 3
(c) 56 (d) 9 8. (a) –   (b) –   (c) (d) 4
10 6 5
2. 5304 5 25 2 1
9. (a) –   (b) (c) –1 (d) 37
64 27 7 10
3. 289
7 24 14
10. (a) –5 (b) –7 (c) (d)
24 85 39

Answers 25
Test Yourself 17.4 Chapter 18 Squares, Square Roots,
Cubes and Cube Roots
1. (a) –1.5, –1.3, – 0.9, – 0.5
(b) – 2.6, – 2.4, – 2.2, – 1.8
Flashback
2. (a) < (b) > (c) < (d) <
1. (a) 4 (b) 49 (c) 144 (d) 529
3. (a) –1.1 (b) –1.2 (c) –2.4 (d) –6.8 2. (a) 27 (b) 125 (c) 1331 (d) 2744

4. (a) 3.9 (b) –2 (c) –0.7 (d) –1.1 Test Yourself 18.1
5. (a) –1.5 (b) 1.6 (c) –0.9 (d) –35 1 2
1. (a) (–9)2 (b) 13 4 2 (c) 5.62
6. (a) 5.8 (b) –12.6 (c) –6.1 (d) 12.3
2. (a) 6×6 (b) – 14 × (–14)
7. (a) –0.12 (b) –2.04 (c) 0.32 (d) 4.14 (c) 3.2 × 3.2 (d) – 10.5 × (–10.5)
(e) – 4 (f) –3 (g) 60 (h) 0.3 4 × 4 –1 3 × –1 3
(e)
9 9
(f)
7 1
7 2
8. (a) –3.78 (b) 0.2401 (c) 33.264 3. (a) 64 (b) 441 (c) 0.49
(d) –1.352 (e) 19 375 (f) 15
(g) –10.775 (h) –0.5 4 25
(d) 0.1156 (e) (f)
9 64
Test Yourself 17.5 19 121 484
4. (a) (b) (c)
6 16 25
1. (a) 1.8 (b) –1.2 (c) 10.92 (d) –1.2 5. (a) 400 (b) 90 000 (c) 2500
1 1
(e) 2 (f) –8 (g) 6 (h) –21
3 5 6. (a) Between 900 and 1600
2. (a) 4.6 (b) 0.45 (c) 42 (d) –1.225 (b) Between 49 and 64
1 3 1 (c) Between 16 and 25
(e) –   (f) –   (g) –9 (h) 1
10 4 3
7. (a) 5476 (b) 108 241
3. (a) 2.57 (b) 0.75 (c) –0.88
5 3 (c) 702.25 (d) 65.934
(d) 11 (e) –11 (f) –30 49 84 681
8 4 (e) (f)
529 6400
4. 24.5
8. (a) 36, 49, 64, 81
5. 18.5°C (b) 441, 484, 529, 576, 625, 676, 729, 784

Mastery Practice 17 9. (a) Yes (b) No (c) Yes

(d) No (e) No (f) Yes
1. – 72 2. – 11 3. – 43
1 10. 1296 cm2 11. 324 12. 176 cm2
4. –28 5. –6 6. –5
3
2 8 Test Yourself 18.2
7. –1 8. – 9. –1.4
3 21
10. –3.92 11. –3 12. 3.3 2
1. (a) 7 (b) 0.8 (c)
3
13. –16 14. 13.65 15. –26
1 2. (a) 9 (b) 30 (c) 29
16. 1 17. 2.3 18. –25
2
1 3 6 2
19. –1.36 20. –0.8 21. 3. (a) (b) (c)
8 7 11 3
7 4 4 13
22. – 2 23. 24. 4.3 (d) (e) (f)
5 15 5 3 8
25. 0.2 26. 17 27. –25 4. (a) 0.5 (b) 2.5 (c) 0.07
28. 14 29. –1.36 30. –0.8

26 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

 8 7 5. (a) 2 (b) 6 (c) –10
5. (a) 7 (b) 0.4 (c) (d)
9 10
6. (a) Between 4 and 5
6. (a)  21 (b)  65 (b) Between 0.2 and 0.3
(c) Between 7 and 8
7. (a) 6 (b) 10
7. (a) 5.313 (b) 8.541
8. (a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 9 (c) 0.905 (d) – 3.525
(e) – 0.737 (f) 1.334
9. (a) Between 6 and 7
(b) Between 10 and 11 8. 168 cm 9. 6.30 cm
(c) Between 12 and 13
10. (a) 54 (b) 3 (c) –0.8 (d) –27
1
10. (a) 4.123 (b) 29.394 (c) 1.612 (e) 45 (f) (g) 0.054
(d) 0.245 (e) 0.677 (f) 2.198 2

11. 100 cm 12. 168 cm 2 Mastery Practice 18

1. (a) 79.25 (b) 48.36

13. (a) 91.61 (b) 0.9116 (c) 288.3
5
2. (a) 3.31 (b) 8 (c)
Test Yourself 18.3 9
4
1 3 3. (a) 9 (b) 1 (c) 80
1. (a) 73 (b) (– 0.6)3 (c) 1 –1
2 2 7
4. (a) 1 (b) 9
2. (a) 12 × 12 × 12
(b) 7 × 7 × 7 5. (a) – 0.343 (b) – 2 10
10 10 10 27
5
(c) – 4.5 × (– 4.5) × (– 4.5) (c) (d) 0.32
8
3. (a) 216 (b) 21 952 (c) 0.064 4
6. (a) 0.008 (b) 1.413 (c)
8 125 9
(d) –3.375 (e) (f) –
343 64
7. (a) 1.44 (b) –5 (c) 12
4. (a) 27 3
(b) 125 000 000 8. 12
(c) 0.512 3
5. (a) Between 8000 and 27 000 9. (a) – 4 (b) 3 (c) 19 (d) 40
9
(b) Between 64 000 000 and 125 000 000
(c) Between 216 and 343 10. (a) 0.7 (b) 25

6. (a) 389 017 (b) 2 097 152 11. (a) – 1 (b) 64

(c) 0.329 (d) –125.752 6
64 1331 12. (a) –5 (b) 27
(e) (f) –
729 512
13. (a) 0.8 (b) 0.064
7. 1728 cm 3 8. 994 cm 3
14. (a) – 1 (b) 1.96
27
Test Yourself 18.4
15. (a) 0.7 (b) – 45
1
1. (a) 5 (b) 1.7 (c) –   16. 4 and 25 17. 8 and 27
3
18. 16 cm 19. 9 cm
2. (a) 1 (b) –3 (c) –10
20. (a) 64 and 125 (b) 64
1 2 3
3. (a) (b) –   (c)
2 3 2 21. (a) 0.2 (b) 0.36
4. (a) – 0.5 (b) 1.1 (c) 40 7
22. (a) (b) 4
4

Answers 27
 1 (c) y : (x + z) = 9 : (4 + 8) = 9 : 12 = 3 : 4
23. (a) (b) 1000
25 (d) (y – x) : z = (9 – 4) : 8 = 5 : 8
4 15. (a) 6 : 12 = 1 : 2 (b) 3:8
24. (a) 13 (b) 0.125
9 (c) 20 : 9 (d) 16 : 3
25. 26 cm 26. 3 cubes
16. (a) 1:5 (b) 40 cm (c) 48 cm
32 (d) 1200 cm (e) 25
27. (a) 1 (b) –1
49
28. (a) 4 cm (b) 288 cm2 Test Yourself 19.2

5 9 1 4
1. (a) (b) (c) (d)
Chapter 19 Ratio, Rate and Proportion 8 4 3 3
12 1 350 7
2. (a) = (b) =
Flashback 60 3 600 12
40 4 9 1
(c) = (d) =
1. (a) 2000 (b) 160 90 9 72 8
(c) 500 (d) 3600 15 3 3 1
3. (a) = (b) =
55 11 15 5
2. (a) 3 (b) 4
1 4
(c) (d)
3. (a) 10 (b) 12 8 5
4. (a) 5:8 (b) 8 : 13 4. (a) x=8 (b) x=9
(c) y=1 (d) y=5
5. (a) A proportion (b) Not a proportion
5. (a)Number of students Number of student
from Nigeria : from Singapore
Test Yourself 19.1
5 : 13
1. (a) 3:5 (b) 4:7 (b)
Number of students Total number of
:
2. (a) 7:3 (b) 3 : 10 from Nigeria, students
Singapore and
3. (a) 4:3 (b) 8 : 15 8 : 103
(c) 5:9 (d) 25 : 16
6. (a) Length of Part B to length of Part C
4. (a) 1:4 (b) 2:5 2
(c) 2:3 (d) 3:1 =
7
(b) Length of Part A to total length of the ribbon
5. (a) 2 : 4 and 1 : 2 are equivalent
(b) 3 : 2 and 12 : 10 are not equivalent 1
=
(c) 5 : 8 and 15 : 24 are equivalent 4
(d) 1 : 6 and 18 : 3 are not equivalent 7. (a) $12 000 – $9000 = $3000
6. (a) 1:3 (b) 1:4 (b) Amount saved : Amount spent
(c) 3:2 (d) 7:3 =1:3
(c) Amount spent : Amount received
7. (a) 3:1 (b) 3 : 10 =3:4
(c) 2:3 (d) 8:5
8. (a) 2:3:5 (b) 4:5:3 Test Yourself 19.3
(c) 7:3:2 (d) 8:3:5
1. 63
9. (a) 26 (b) 84 (c) 50 (d) 72
2. (a) 25
10. (a) 12 (b) 30 (c) 27 (d) 100 (b) The total number of participants = 60

11. 8:9 12. $780 share 3. (a) The amount that Rahul received = 580
(b) Total sum of money = $2610
8 5 7 3
13. (a) (b) (c) (d) 4. (a) Number of students obtained Grade A
5 2 12 8
=7
14. (a) y:x=9:4 (b) Total number of students = 56
(b) x:z=4:8=1:2

28 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

 5. Sum of their temperatures = 230ºC 6. (a) 1 cm : 200 000 cm
∴ Scale is 1 : 200 000.
6. a : b : c = 9 : 12 : 5
(b) 1.1 cm on the map represents 2.2 km.
7. Number of male participants = 42
7. (a) Actual length of pond = 45 m
Number of female participants = 28 Actual breadth of pond = 32.5 m
8. Smaller share = $1200 (b) Actual area of pond ≈ 0.146 ha
Larger share = $2000
8. (a) Length = 5.5 cm
9. (a) Let the length of the shorter side = 12 cm Breadth = 4 cm
(b) Area of original poster : Area of the enlarged
(b) 4 cm
poster
10. Largest angle, ∠R = 75°
11. Cost of 1 kg of Koko chocolate powder = $390 5.5 cm

12. Jackson invests $210 000

Test Yourself 19.4 Area of the meeting room on the map

= 22 cm2
1. (a) Heating rate = 2ºC/min
(b) Speed = 60 cm/s
(c) $4.5 9. (a) Scale is 1 cm : 2 m
(d) $1.5 A

2. (a) $5.50/kg (b) $16.50

2.5 cm
3. 756 km/h = 210 m/s
B E
4. (a) Cooking rate = 1.25ºC/min
(b) Low rate = 0.1 cm/min 2 cm

5. (a) Consumption rate = 50 kg/day C D

6 cm
(b) Petrol consumption rate = 18.2 km/l
(b) Length of AE on scale drawing
6. (a) Daily wage rate = $100 = 6.5 cm
(b) Hourly wage rate = $2.22 (c) Perimeter of the rose garden
= 30 m
7. (a) Size of the population increased = 150 000
(b) Average rate of increase per year = 15 000 10. The map distance of the railway line = 10.8 cm.
8. (a) Teddy's average winning rate = 0.78 11. Scale is 1 cm : 10 km
(b) Karan's average winning rate = 0.67 Map distance = 5.2 cm
(c) Teddy is a better player because Teddy’s \ Actual distance = 20 km
winning rate is higher than Karan.
12. Scale = 1 cm : 0.5 m
\ Actual height of the dinosaur = 6 m
Test Yourself 19.5
Actual length of the dinosaur = 12 m
1. The height of the elephant is 3.5 m.
Test Yourself 19.6
2. (a) 1 : 1000 (b) 1 : 2000
(c) 1 : 50 000 (d) 1 : 40 000 1. (a) 16 cents/g (b) 150 cm/s
(c) 2000 m/h (d) 0.5 g/cm2
3. (a) 1 mm : 5000 mm = 1 : 5000
(b) 1 cm : 150 000 cm = 1 : 150 000 2. (a) 25 cents/ml = $250/l
(b) 60 cm/s = 36 m/min
4. 16 km
(c) 30 m/s = 108 km/h
∴ The actual distance between Port Louis and
(d) 0.8 g/cm3 = 800 kg/m3
Quatre Bornes is 16 km.
3. Price rate = 2.50 cents/g
5. x = 6 cm
∴ The distance between these two bus stations 4. 120 cm2 /ml
on the map is 6 cm.

Answers 29
 5. (a) Time taken = 0.8 s 81 9
(d) =
(b) Since the time for the monkey to cross 45 5
5 m of road is same as the time for the car The two pairs of ratios are in proportion.
to travel 20 m, the monkey will not cross
the road safely. 3. (a) Average speed = 70 km/h
(b) Average speed = 19.44 m/s
6. (a) Flow rate = 475 l/h
(b) Flow rate ≈ 7.92 l/min 4. (a) Ryan's mass : Karan's mass
=4:5
7. Speed = 37 km/h
(b) Jonah's mass : Karan's mass : Ryan's mass
8. Density of gold = 19.3 g/cm3 = 9 : 10 : 8

Test Yourself 19.7 5. (a) Fuel consumption rate = 4 km/l

(b) Cost of fuel = $52.50
1. (a) The two pairs of ratios are in proportion.
(b) The two pairs of ratios are in proportion. 6. (a) 24 h of work = $645.6
(c) The two pairs of ratios are not in proportion. (b) 4.5 hours
(d) The two pairs of ratios are in proportion.
7. Price of Shirt Q = $750
2. The number of cakes baked is directly
proportional to the number of eggs needed. 8. Length of the street on the map = 8 cm

3. The mass of 9 m rod = 14.4 kg 9. Actual distance = 32 km

4. The distance travelled = 540 km 10. Actual length = 15 m

5. (a) Cost of an egg = 25 cents 11. (a) New price : Original price
(b) Cost of 30 eggs = $7.50 = 16 : 19
(c) 1080 eggs (b) The new price of king size mattress is
$1008.
6. (a) 10 days
(b) 15 workers 4
12. (a) Multiplying factor =
5
7. (a) New flight time = 5.67 h (b) $360
(b) Time difference = 40 minutes (c) Initial price = $275
13. (a) Ratio = 1 : 2 : 3
Mastery Practice 19 (b) 2 parts of butter = 25 kg
1 part of butter = 12.5 kg
1. (a) 6 donuts per box 3 parts of flour = 12.5 × 3 = 37.5 kg
(b) 13 chairs per row. Amount of flour needed = 37.5 kg
(c) 20 deliveries per hour.
(d) 16 apartments per floor. 14. Amount of money earned = $360.
1
2. (a) 1 to 6 = 15. (a) Number of finger puppets = 63
6 (b) 16 hours.
7 1
7 to 42 = =
42 6 16. (a) 15 cows = 14.4 days
The two pairs of ratios are in proportion. (b) 15
(b) 3 to 8 and 26 to 64
3 17. The total number of sweets = 135
3 to 8 =
8
13 18. (a) Map scale = 1 : 500 000
26 to 64 = (b) Average speed = 53.3 km/h
32
3 13 19. (a) p=9
≠
8 32 (b) 16 cm
The two pairs of ratios are not in proportion. (c) 990 students
20 4
(c) = 20. (a) 8 : 12 : 5
35 7
(b) 1.5 cm
The two pairs of ratios are in proportion.
(c) n = 30

30 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

Chapter 20 Basic Measurements 5. 50 minutes
Flashback 6. 23 years and 6 months

1. (a) Rulers, measuring tapes 7. 58 minutes 15 seconds

(b) Bathroom scales, electronic scales
(c) Watches, clocks Test Yourself 20.4
2. (a) 1.2 kg (b) 4.8 kg 1. (a) 0620 (b) 0008
3. (a) 1.55 (b) 8.20 (c) 2350 (d) 1250
2. (a) 4.38 p.m. (b) 9.12 a.m.
Test Yourself 20.1 (c) 12.01 a.m. (d) 12.30 p.m.

1. (a) 420 000 cm (b) 5600 mm 3. (a) 15 hours 31 minutes

(c) 58 km (d) 347.6 cm (b) 10 hours 9 minutes
(c) 32 hours 52 minutes
2. (a) 832 cm (b) 36.005 km (d) 11 hours 34 minutes
(c) 9 km 14 m (d) 50 km 300 m
4. (a) 1.30 a.m. the next day
3. (a) 9412 m (b) 22 km 921 m (b) 1457 the next day
(c) 6.79 m (d) 22 cm 1 mm (c) 10.15 a.m.
4. (a) 33 cm 6 mm (b) 33.184 km (d) 2054 yesterday
(c) 12.677 km (d) 1 m 36 cm 5. 12.05 p.m. 6. 25 minutes
5. (a) $360 (b) 6 m 40 cm
7. 1 hours and 50 minutes
6. 55 cm
Test Yourself 20.5
Test Yourself 20.2
1. 8.45 p.m. 2. 0700 3. 1.20 a.m.
1. (a) 7000 g (b) 4900 kg
(c) 758 g (d) 681.02 tonnes 4. (a) 6.30 p.m. (b) 11.00 p.m.

2. (a) 9050 mg (b) 2.05 tonnes 5. 14 hours 6. 0425 7. 1330

(c) 42 kg 260 g (d) 9 tonnes 206 kg
3. (a) 9853 mg (b) 25 kg 321 g Mastery Practice 20
(c) 12.996 tonnes (d) 75 g 220 mg
1. 890 g 2. 6 kg
4. (a) 75 g 264 mg (b) 21.46 tonnes
3. 1632 4. 2148 yesterday
(c) 9.69 kg (d) 6 tonnes 328 kg
5. 10 minutes 6. 11 p.m. the day before
5. 4.88 kg 6. 900 g
7. (a) 4.50 p.m. local time in city Q
Test Yourself 20.3 (b) Monday

1. (a) 192 hours (b) 2400 months 8. (a) 1.9 m (b) 10.25 a.m.
(c) 3.2 days (d) 11.8 years 9. 25 min 10. 63 minutes
2. (a) 79 months (b) 2.5 hours 11. (a) 0750 (b) 21 m
(c) 36 minutes 48 seconds
(d) 15 days 18 hours 12. (a) 10.25 a.m. (b) 750 g (c) 4 a.m.
3. (a) 574 seconds
(b) 12 hours 6 minutes Chapter 21 Polygons II
(c) 17 years 5 months
(d) 241 years Flashback
(e) 1 year 218 days
4. (a) 645 hours 1. (a) Pentagon (b) Hexagon
(b) 344 weeks 4 days (c) Heptagon (d) Octagon
(c) 7 years 9 months (e) Nonagon (f) Decagon
(d) 45.5 minutes

Answers 31
Test Yourself 21.1 11. x = 36°, y = 72° 12. 69°

1. (a) No (b) Yes 13. 110° 14. x = 72°, y = 72°

(c) Yes (d) No 15. 120° 16. 360°
(e) Yes (f) No
17. 44° 18. 45°
2. (a) (b)
19. 12 20. 9
21. (a) 0.2 (b) 0.36
7
3 axes of 4 axes of 22. (a) (b) 4
4
symmetry symmetry
1
23. (a) (b) 1000
(c) (d) 25
134
24. (a) (b) 0.125
9

25. 26 cm 26. 3 cubes
6 axes of 8 axes of
symmetry symmetry 32
27. (a) 1 (b) –1
49
Test Yourself 21.2 28. (a) 4 cm (b) 288 cm2

1. (a) Interior angles : c, d, f, h

Exterior angles : a, b, e, g Chapter 22 Circles II
(b) Interior angles : n, q, r, u, v, y
Exterior angles : p, s, t, w, x, z Flashback

2. (a) x = 40°, y = 100° 1. (a) 18 cm (b) 30 cm

(b) x = 60°, y = 30° (c) 15 cm (d) 57 cm
3. (a) 540° (b) 900° 2. (a) 3 cm (b) 5.5 cm
(c) 1080° (d) 1440° (c) 17 cm (d) 26.5 cm
4. (a) 70° (b) 60° 3. (a) C = 44 cm (b) C = 7.85 cm
5. (a) 90° (b) 135° 4. x = 45°
(c) 150° (d) 162°
6. (a) 72° (b) 36° Test Yourself 22.1
(c) 20° (d) 15°
1. Diameter : AB
7. (a) 12 sides (b) 15 sides Radii : OA, OB, OC
Chords : AC, BC
8. 9 sides 9. 6 sides
2. SQ = 6 cm
10. 108° 11. 140°
3. AB = 10 cm 4. ∠OSP, ∠OSQ
12. x = 52°, y = 24°
5. (a) SR = 4 cm (b) QS = 2 cm

Mastery Practice 21 6. KM = 16 cm 7. 37.9 cm

8. The intersection point of bisector AB and CD
1. 135° 2. 125° is P.
3. 60° 4. 85° 9. (a) OB (b) PMC (c) QC
5. 50° 6. 30 sides 10. (a) QT = 13 cm (b) PQ = 18 cm
(c) PT = 21.6 cm
7. 18 8. 115°
11. KM = 19 cm 12. 196 cm2
9. 44° 10. x = 18°, y = 67°

32 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

Test Yourself 22.2 Test Yourself 22.5

1. (a) t (b) w 1. (a) ∠QUS, ∠QTS (b) ∠QUT

(c) x, z (d) y, v (c) ∠QST (d) ∠QTU, ∠QSU
2. (a) x = 50°, y = 60° (b) x = 40°, y = 70° 2. (a) ∠KMQ (b) ∠JKP
(c) x = 35°, y = 25° (d) x = 30°, y = 50° (c) ∠KPN (d) ∠LKM
3. (a) x = 68°, y = 56° (b) x = 35°, y = 95° 3. (a) ∠BGE (b) ∠BEG, ∠BDG
(c) x = 80°, y = 40° (d) x = 40°, y = 20° (c) ∠CBD
4. (a) x = 84°, y = 48° (b) x = 115°, y = 65° 4. (a) 45° (b) 60°
(c) x = 70°, y = 35° (d) x = 60°, y = 30° (c) 62° (d) 105°
(e) x = 50°, y = 15° (f) x = 100°, y = 130°
5. (a) x = 56°, y = 100° (b) x = 70°, y = 65°
5. (a) x = 40°, y = 40° (b) x = 40°, y = 95° (c) x = 84°, y = 50° (d) x = 38°, y = 62°
(c) x = 35°, y = 30° (d) x = 100°, y = 30°
6. (a) 55° (b) 60°
6. (a) x = 20°, y = 40° (b) x = 30°, y = 50°
7. (a) 65° (b) 25°
(c) x = 60°, y = 30° (d) x = 50°, y = 115°
8. (a) 70° (b) 140° (c) 22°
Test Yourself 22.3 9. (a) 40° (b) 70° (c) 40°
1. (a) a and c, b and d (b) p and r, q and s 10. (a) 65° (b) 25° (c) 40°
2. (a) x = 100°, y = 75° (b) x = 55°, y = 90°
(c) x = 85°, y = 90° (d) x = 110°, y = 70° Mastery Practice 22
3. (a) q (b) a
1. (a) 8 cm (b) 2 cm
4. (a) x = 70°, y = 80° (b) x = 115°, y = 65°
(c) x = 120°, y = 135° (d) x = 70°, y = 90° 13
2. (a) 19 cm (b) 96.0 cm2
63
5. (a) x = 58°, y = 48° (b) x = 58°, y = 42° (c) 125°
(c) x = 35°, y = 75° (d) x = 75°, y = 145°
3. (a) 18 cm (b) 10 cm
6. (a) 60° (b) 30° (c) 120°
4. (a) (i) d (ii) b
7. (a) 30° (b) 70° (c) 50° (b) 35°
8. (a) 25° (b) 65° (c) 65° 5. (a) AOC and BOE (b) 48°

Test Yourself 22.4 6. (a) (i) centre (ii) BC

(iii) DF
1. (a) CD (b) EF (b) 110°
(c) JK (d) LM 7. (a) p and r, q and s (b) x = 36°, y = 54°
2. (a) No (b) Yes (c) (i) 5 cm (ii) 12 cm
(c) No (d) Yes 8. (a) 70°
3. (a) 90° (b) 25° (c) 65° (b) a = 18°, b = 56°, c = 68°

4. (a) 5 (b) 10 (c) 60° 9. (a) (i) True (ii) True

(iii) Not True
5. (a) 70° (b) 55° (b) 30°
6. (a) 65° (b) 50° 10. (a) w
(b) (i) 50° (ii) 40°
7. (a) 55° (b) 110° (c) 12 cm
(iii) 40°
8. 70°
11. (a) (i) 100° (ii) 110°
9. (a) 40° (b) 50° (iii) 210°
(b) (i) 105° (ii) 50°
10. (a) 30° (b) 5.77 cm (iii) 25°

Answers 33
12. (a) 40° (b) 45° 2. (a) 90 000 (b) 870 000
(c) 5600 (d) 2 350 000
13. (a) 40° (b) 110° (c) 30° (e) 0.0037 (f) 0.49
14. (a) 65° (b) 40° (c) 15° (g) 0.00062 (h) 0.018
(i) 0.00102 ( j) 0.0201
15. (a) 54° (b) 27°
3. (a) 29 800 (b) 0.0702
16. (a) 100° (b) 5.03 cm (c) 1060 (d) 0.00361
17. (a) 50° (b) 25° 4. (a) 7.5 × 104 (b) 8.54 × 10–2
18. (a) 70° (b) 70° (c) 4.05 × 107 (d) 1.72 × 105

19. (a) 35° (b) 55° (c) 75° 5. (a) 3.8 × 108 (b) 5.17 × 107
(c) 8.3 × 106 (d) 7.9 × 10–2
20. (a) 50° (b) 75° (c) 30°
6. (a) 2.8 × 1013 (b) 2.04 × 102
21. (a) 50° (b) 75° (c) 65° (c) 3.12 × 10–7 (d) 1.44 × 108
22. (a) 48° (b) 160° (c) 32° 7. (a) 6.25 × 10–7 (b) 2.35 × 10–7
23. (a) 80° (b) 60° (c) 1.2 × 108 (d) 7.5 × 106

24. (a) (i) angle ORP (ii) angle OPR

(iii) angle POR (iv) length of PR Mastery Practice 23
(b) 12 cm
1. (a) 2.73 × 104 (b) 4.3 × 10–5
25. (a) radius tan
(b) (i) 124° (ii) 62° 2. (a) 726 000 (b) 0.00314
(iii) 93°
3. 0.0000083 4. 270 000
26. (a) 67.4° (b) 13 cm (c) 60 cm2
5. 4.62 × 108 6. 8.1 × 10–2
27. (a) 4.26 m (b) 5.72 m
7. 1.16 × 10–5 8. 7.1 × 1015
28. (a) 8 cm (b) 25 cm2
29. (a) ∠ in semicircle 9. 1.3 × 10–4 10. 1.68 × 10–3
(b) (i) 9.75 cm (ii) 35.7°
11. 4 × 105 12. 8 × 10 –7
(iii) 3.91 cm (iv) 12.7 cm
30. (a) (x + 8) cm 13. 7.5 × 10–8 14. 241 800
(b) radius tan
15. 9.393 × 10 –3 16. 8.23 × 10 5 m
(c) (x + 8) 2 = x 2 + 122, x = 5
17. 2.37 × 10 5 m 18. 5.76 × 10 4 m
Chapter 23 Standard Form 19. 2.42 × 10 – 23 20. 1.89 × 10 – 6

Flashback 21. 2.79 × 10 –1 cm 22. 6.81 × 105

1. (a) 52 (b) 26 (c) 30 23. (a) 5.48 × 105 (b) 4 210 000

2. 16 3. 49 24. 7.4 × 10 –5 25. 2.01 × 106

4. 27 5. 36
Chapter 24 Bounds
6. 400

Test Yourself 23.1 Flashback

1. (a) 0.3 (b) 0.19

1. (a) 7.024 × 103 (b) 2.385 × 102 (c) 0.506 (d) 2.04
(c) 6.438 × 103 (d) 3.45 × 106
(e) 9.13 × 10–1 (f) 2.17 × 10–2 2. (a) 0.75 (b) 7.4
(g) 1.6 × 10–5 (h) 5.26 × 10–5
3. (a) 4.62 (b) 27.15
(i) 8.23 × 106 ( j) 4.89 × 105

34 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

Test Yourself 24.1 10. (a) 8.9 cm, 8.7 cm
(b) 43.0 m2, 41.7 m2
1. (a) 5 (b) 5 (c) 2 (c) 149 cm2, 147 cm2
(d) 3 (e) 6 (f) 4 (d) 1.59 m, 1.55 m
(e) 3.37 cm, 3.25 cm
2. (a) 4090 (b) 62 000 (f) 105 m, 80.5 m
(c) 28.6 (d) 6000 (g) 2.53 mm, 2.42 mm
3. (a) 0.00731 (b) 0.0073 (c) 0.007 (h) 0.304 cm–1, 0.291 cm–1
(i) 4.74 m, 4.46 m
4. (a) 57 000 (b) 330
(c) 120 (d) 280 11. 26.6 cm and 26.2 cm

5. (a) 8.45 (b) 92.0 (c) 290 12. 3.2 m and 2.8 m
(d) 3.29 (e) 189 (f) 483 13. 50 241 cm3 (5 s.f.)
(g) 86.0 (h) 572
14. (a) 215.5 cm3  v  216.5 cm3
6. 3590 m2 (b) 5.995 cm  L  6.005 cm (3 d.p.)
7. 23 400 15. 25 km/h
8. 21 m
9. 165 cm3 Mastery Practice 24

10. 46 800 000 km 1. (a) 0.106 (b) 0.069

Test Yourself 24.2 2. (a) 7400 (b) 50 400

3. (a) 118.1 (b) 1.6
1. (a) 6.5 mm, 7.5 mm (b) 1.5 cm, 2.5 cm
(c) 7.5 km, 8.5 km (d) 14.5 m, 15.5 m 4. (a) 3000 (b) 37.1
(e) 1.55 cm 1.65 cm (f) 4.25 km, 4.35 km
(g) 6.75 m, 6.85 m (h) 12.05 mm,12.15mm 5. (a) 0.0404 (b) 4.03
(i) 2.75 m, 2.85 m (j) 17.25 mm,17.35 mm 6. (a) 2.06 (b) 404 000
(k) 23.55 cm, 23.65 cm (l) 29.95 km, 30.05 km
7. (a) 76 100 (b) 60 800
2. (a) 3.5 cm (b) 4.5 cm
3. 63.5 cm and 64.5 cm 8. (a) 70 800 (b) 0.77

4. (a) 1.5 kg and 2.5 kg 9. (a) 41 (b) 0.0908 (c) 0.0021

(b) 8.5 kg and 9.5 kg 10. (a) 67 300 (b) 4300
(c) 13.5 kg and 14.5 kg
(d) 47.5 kg and 48.5 kg 11. 3.20
5. (a) 25 cm and 35 cm 12. 0.46
(b) 45 cm and 55 cm
(c) 115 cm and 125 cm 13. (a) 0.013 (b) 300 m2
(d) 255 cm and 265 cm
14. 1.32 s
6. 8650 l and 8750 l
15. (a) 61 000 (b) 0.004
7. (a) 135 cm and 145 cm
16. 13 cm
(b) 3 h 40 min and 4 h
(c) 1475 l and 1525 l 17. (a) 5 significant figures
(d) 83.5 kg and 84.5 kg (b) 49
(e) 11.5 mm and 12.5 mm
(f) 15.5 cm and 16.5 cm 18. 1550 g
(g) 134.5 m and 135.5 m
19. $12 000
8. 116.25  a × b  140.25
20. (a) 14.5 kg (b) 15.5 kg
a
9. 2.09   2.78 21. (a) 35.5 cm (b) 36.5 cm
b

Answers 35
22. I = 17.2 amps 8. (a) 28 cm3 (b) 156 mm3 (c) 600 cm3
23. (a) 117.5 m (b) 916 m 9. (a) 0.6 mm (b) 40 m
(c) 12 mm (d) 15 cm

Chapter 25 Solid Geometry II 10. (a) 25 cm2 (b) 63 mm2

11. (a) 12 cm (b) 6 cm
Flashback
12. (a) 12 cm (b) 950 ml
1. (a) C 13. 45 cm
(b) Volume of cuboid = s × t × u
2. 128 cm3 Mastery Practice 25

Test Yourself 25.1 1. Prism

2.
1. (a) (b)
5 cm
6 cm 13 cm
10 cm

20 cm

2. (a) Prism (b) Cuboid 3.

(c) Pyramid (d) Pyramid

Test Yourself 25.2

1. (a) 120 cm2 (b) 600 cm2

(c) 373 cm2 (d) 392 cm2
4. 660 m2
2. (a) 384 cm2 (b) 800 cm2
(c) 336 cm2 5. 864 cm2
3. (a) 84 cm2 (b) 840 cm2 6. 7 cm
4. (a) (i) 19.5 cm (ii) 24 cm 7. 1572 cm2
(b) (i) 1260 cm2 (ii) 4944 cm2
8. (a) 14 cm
5. 65 cm (b) (i) 15 cm (ii) 5430 cm2
6. 1572 cm2 9. (a) 3.5 m (b) 57.4 m2
10. (a) 486 cm2 (b) 195 cm3
Test Yourself 25.3
11. (a) 1331 cm3 (b) 432 mm3
1. (a) 54 cm3 (b) 176 cm3 (c) 450 cm3
12. (a) 343 cm3 (b) 105 cm3
2. (a) 225 mm 3
(b) 51 cm 3
13. (a) 6 cm3 (b) 5 cm
(c) 168 cm3 (d) 384 m3
14. (a) 8 cm (b) 523 cm3
3. (a) (i) 10.8 cm (ii) 6 cm
(iii) 7 cm 15. (a) 80 cm (b) 72 000 cm3
(b) (i) 394 cm3 (ii) 28.4 cm 3
(c) 72 l
(iii) 160 cm3
16. (a) 8 cm (b) 175 cm3
4. (a) 6 cm (b) 6.7 m
17. (a) 288 cm3 (b) 4m
5. (a) 64 cm2 (b) 105 mm2
18. (a) 664 cm 3
(b) 6 cm
6. 0.75 m
19. (a) 176 mm3 (b) 338 cm3
7. (a) 105 cm3 (b) 17 m3 (c) 82.62 m3
20. (a) 68 cm2 (b) 272 cm3

36 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

21. (a) 270 cm3 (b) 6.5 cm 7. (a)
Diagram n 1 2 3
22. (a) 20 cm 3
(b) 13 cm Number of circles 1 2 3
23. (a) 12 cm (b) 7210 cm 3
Number of dots 3 5 7
24. (a) 105 cm 3
(b) 14 cm (b) Un = 2n + 1
25. (a) 8 cm (b) 15 cm (c) 720 cm3 (c) 33
26. (a) 37.5 cm (b) 88 cm2 (c) 34 885 cm3 8. (a) a = 10, d = 4; U6 = 30, U13 = 58
27. (a) 9 cm (b) 1180 cm3 (b) a = 24, d = –3; U6 = 9, U13 = –12
1 3 1 1
28. (a) 16 cm (b) 788 cm3 (c) a = ,d= ; U6 = 4 , U13 = 9
2 4 4 2
29. (a) 20 cm (b) 42 cm (c) 8400 cm3 (d) a = 2, d = 1 + h; U 6 = 8 + 6h, U13 = 14 + 12h
30. (a) 9 cm; 16 cm (b) 2304 cm 3 9. U9 = 18, U16 = –38
(c) 288 cm3 10. (a) Un = 12n – 28 (b) 80
11. (a) 11 (b) 16
Chapter 26 Sequences (c) 18 (d) 9
12. (a) –7 (b) 4
Flashback
13. (a) a = – 6.4 (b) d = 5.2
1. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19 14. 8
2. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 15. 5
1 1
3. 100 16. (a) a = 8, r = 1 , U 7 = 91
2 8
(b) a = 2, r = – 4, U7 = 8192
Test Yourself 26.1
1 1
17. (a) – (b)
1. (a) –5 (b) –32, 64 64 4096
(c) 17, 26 (d) 26, 65 1
18. (a) 67.42 (b)
(e) 6, 12 (f ) 17 128
(g) 31, 56 (h) 20 19. (a) 10 (b) 5
(i) 81 (j) 64 20. (a) 8 (b) 7
2. (a) 4, 7, 10, ... (c) 5 (d) 9
(b) 5, 2, –1, ... 21. x = 4, y = 9
(c) 0, 2, 8, ...
(d) 10, 17, 24, ... Mastery Practice 26
1 1 1
(e) , , , ...
3 5 7 1. (a) U5 = 27 (b) U10 = 57 (c) 6n – 3
(f) 4, 7, 12, ...
2. (a) 68 (b) k=2 (c) n = 100
3. U1 = 1, U10 = 109
3. U7 = 48
4. (a) 2, 8, 18, 32, ...
(b) U5 = 50, U10 = 200 4. (a) 2, –3 (b) (n + 1)2
5. (a) 2n (b) 3n + 1 5. (a) 41 (b) n2 + n – 1
(c) n2 (d) 2(3) n + n (c) U99 = 9899
(e) 3n – 1 (f) 2n 2 + 1
6. (a) U10 = 77 (b) k=3
(g) n2 + 3 (h) 2n + 5
(i) 1 + 7n 7. (a) 4, 11, 30, 67, ... (b) n2 + 3

6. (a) n2 + 1 (b) n 2 – 4 8. (a) Number of triangles 1 2 3

(c) 3n + n 2 (d) n 3 + 5
Number of circles 3 6 9
(e) n + n3
(b) Un = 3n (c) 18

Answers 37
 9. (a) Number of pentagons 1 2 3 17. (a)

Number of triangles 5 10 15
(b) Un = 5n (c) 40 (b)
Diagram 1 2 3 4
10. (a) Number of squares 1 2 3 Number of toothpicks 6 11 16 21

Number of crosses 4 6 8 (c) (i) 51 (ii) 276

(d) U = 5n + 1
(b) Un = 2n + 2 (c) 32

11. (a) Number of circles 1 2 3 18. (a)

Number of dots 4 7 10

(b) Un = 3n + 1 (c) 61

12. (a) Number of large (b)
1 2 3 Diagram 1 2 3 4
rhombuses
Number of dots 0 3 8 15
Number of dots 0 2 4
(c) (i) 99 (ii) 624
(b) Un = 2n – 2 (c) 58
(d) n2 – 1
13. (a) Number of squares 1 4 9
Number of dots 4 9 16 19. (a)

(b) Un = 1√n + 122 (c) 100

14. (a)
Number of squares 1 2 3
(b)
Number of dots 7 11 15 Diagram 1 2 3 4 5

Number of beads 1 3 6 10 15
(b) Un = 4n + 3
(c) (i) 4 (ii) 5
15. (a)
1
(d) n (n + 1)
2

20. (a) 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 = 36
n=4 n=5
= 62
(b)
Diagram 1 2 3 4 5
1 1 +2 11 2
2
=
Number of matches 4 7 10 13 16
(b) 100
(c) (i) 31 (ii) 61 (c) k = 23
(d) 3n + 1
1 1 +2 n 2
2
(d)

16. (a) 21. (a) 49 (b) 11

22. (a) 7 (b) 4
23. (a) –6 (b) –38
(b)
Diagram 1 2 3 4
24. (a) –2 (b) 18
Number of beads 5 9 13 17
25. –8
(c) (i) 41 (ii) 401 3p – 1
26. (a) q= 2 (b) –(p + 3)
(d) 4n + 1
27. (a) –9 (b) 4

38 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

 1 (c) –192 (d) 34
28. (a) ±8, r = ± (b) 9
2
2 4. (a) 16 (b) 5
29. (a) (b) 7 (c) 36 (d) 65
3

Chapter 27 Algebraic Expressions II Test Yourself 27.4

1. (a) 20x – 15 (b) –9 – 12m

Flashback
(c) 3xy – 2x + 4 (d) 9xy + 2z
1. (a) 5 (b) –6 (e) 8hk – uv (f) –3k + 2m

2. (a) 2 (b) 2 2. (a) 9x

(b) 12 – 5x + y
3. (a) 1 (b) 10 (c) 11x2 + 16y – 12
(d) 3x + 30y
Test Yourself 27.1 (e) 9hk + 44mn
(f) 21xy – 2mn – 8
1. (a) –72x2 (b) 12a2b2 1
3. (a) 4p – 2q – 2
(c) –14a4c2 (d) 24x 2y 2z 2 3
1
2. (a) –3 (b) 12 (b) 2xy + z
6
(c) –6 (d) 5
(c) 9uv – 8km + n
3. (a) 10pqr2 (b) –12km2n
2 3 4. (a) 7x + 11y
(c) –42xy3z (d) – p qr
3 (b) –2pq + 12
4. (a) 13x + 13y (b) 6a2 + 24ab 1
(c) –rs – 13t 2 + 10
(c) 150 – 15c (d) 9ab2 – 6a2b 2
(d) 10gh + k
5. (a) –3m – 6 (b) –14ab – 4a2
(c) –6cpq + 30pq (d) 3bk + 3bm
Mastery Practice 27
6. (a) 4k (b) –5f
1. (a) 4kn (b) – 5q 2
3 1
(c) vw (d) – e
4 4 2 2 3nt
2. (a) u w (b) 2y 2 (c)
7. (a) 4pq (b) –3rs t 2 3 4
1 3. (a) – 3w (b) 5 + 10y
(c) –12 qr (d) 54yz3
2 4. (a) 4q (b) 35r
5. (a) 12n 3
(b) 24p 2q
Test Yourself 27.2
6. (a) 20 – xy (b) 5
1. (a) m + 15 (b) r–p 7. (a) (5x + 10y) cm 2 (b) x + 3y
(c) 10p – 7 (d) 9+p
8. (a) 6x cm (b) uv – tw + 5
8
2. 2n + 3m 9. 5 m – 11n
10. 5 – 6pq + 5vw
Test Yourself 27.3
11. 35
1. (a) 13p (b) 6r 5
(c) –6a2 (d) xy 2 12. 6p – qr
6
2. (a) 7kl – 5 13. (a) 28c – 9d (b) 6x + y – 7z
(b) 13pq – 5uv + 6
(c) 2rs – 8t 2 1
14. (a) 3 + gh + 10mn (b) 6 p – 3q
(d) 18mn – 7pq – 11r + 15 2
15. 7q – 3 p
3. (a) 31 (b) 116

Answers 39
16. 9xy – 12y z 6. (a) The sum of a number x and 12 is 25.
(b) The total cost of 6 books which cost $p each
17. 10pr – 10
is $420.
18. 5pq – 3p 2 (c) When x sweets are divided equally among
12 students, each student receives 14
sweets.
Chapter 28 Linear Equations I (d) The perimeter of an equilateral triangle with
sides k cm is 32 cm.
Flashback

1. b 2. b 3. 7 4. 4 Test Yourself 28.3

Test Yourself 28.1 1. (a) Yes (b) No (c) Yes

2. (a) –16 (b) 12
1. (a) 5 days = 120 hours 2
(b) 0.25 m ≠ 25 mm (c) – (d) 0.76
3
(c) 6 – (–3) = 4 + 5
(d) 4 2 = 24 1 1
3. (a) (b) –
10 11
2. (a) If 122 = 144, then 144 = 122.
(b) If 4 – 9 = –(9 – 4), 2 11
(c) (d) –
then –(9 – 4) = 4 – 9. 13 3
(c) If 2.3 cm = 23 mm, 4. (a) x=6 (b) k = 11
then 23 mm = 2.3 cm. (c) y = 29 (d) z = –8
1 1
(d) If 25 ÷ 100 = , then = 25 ÷ 100.
4 4 5. (a) x=9 (b) p = –8
(c) q = 18 (d) y=9
3. (a) If 5 × 2 = 10 and 10 = 15 – 5, then 5 × 2
= 15 – 5. 6. (a) x = 28 (b) q = 10
8 3 2 2 8 (c) m = –36 (d) n = 40
(b) If × = and = ,
15 4 5 5 20
8 3 8 7. (a) x=7 (b) x=2
then × = . (c) x=8 (d) x=7
15 4 20
(e) x = –11 (f) x=6
1
(c) If 15 minutes = hour and
4 8. (a) x = 25 (b) x = 56
1 (c) x = –3 (d) x = 48
hour = 900 seconds,
4
then 15 minutes = 900 seconds. 9. (a) x = –4 (b) y=2
(c) p = –5 (d) q=8
(d) If 9m – 5m = 4m and 4m = 4 × m, then 9m
(e) x = 19 (f) k = –9
– 5m = 4 × m.
1
(g) y=4 (h) x = 10
2
Test Yourself 28.2
10. (a) x=8 (b) x = 10
1. (a) Yes (b) Yes 1
(c) x = 38 (d) x = –10
(c) No (d) No 2
2. (a) Yes (b) Yes 11. (a) 14 (b) 14
(c) No (d) No (c) 40 (d) 44

3. (a) Yes (b) No Test Yourself 28.4

(c) Yes (d) No
4. (a) Yes (b) No 1. (a) Let k = the age of Mr Khoo and
(c) Yes (d) Yes s = the age of Mr Khoo’s sister
k – s = 11
5. (a) x + 13 = 15 (b) 8x = 144
(b) Let t = the price of a pair of trousers and
x–5 s = the price of a pair of shorts
(c) = 18 (d) x – 4 = 11
3 t = 3s
(e) 2x + 10 = 32

40 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

 (c) Let x = the score of one student and 13. (a) k=8 (b) x = –10
y = the score of the other student 14. (a) p = –11 (b) x=6
x + y = 1562
15. (a) k = –4 (b) p=9
2. p + 4q = 16
16. (a) x = 20 (b) x = 17
3. p = 1.6n – 20
2
17. (a) x=8 (b) y=
4. (a) x y (b) x y 5
2 5 4 0 18. (a) p = –4 (b) n=8
4 11 –2 1
19. x = 6 20. 24
–3 –10 –26 5

5. (a) b = 15 (b) m = 42 Chapter 29 Pythagoras Theorem
(c) q = –7 (d) t = –2
1
(e) x = 17 Flashback
2
6. (a) x y (b) t u 1. (a) 16 (b) 49
–1 –1 0
10
–  — (c) 169 (d) 324
0 6 3
2 2. (a) 3 (b) 6
1 13 2 —
3 (c) 11 (d) 15
14
4 —
3
3. (a) Acute-angled triangle
(b) Obtuse-angled triangle
(c) k h (d) a b (c) Right-angled triangle
–1 –1 –2 48
0 5
—
–1 36 Test Yourself 29.1
3 0 24
2 7 1. (a) p (b) x (c) RQ (d) SU

2. (a) y2 = x2 + z2 (b) v2 = u2 + w2
or other possible answers.
(c) JL2 = JK 2 + KL2 (d) AC2 = AB2 + BC 2­
7. Let x = the number of 20¢ coins spent
3. (a) AB = 25 cm (b) EG = 13 cm
and y = the number of 50¢ coins spent (c) AC = 5 cm (d) KM = 29 cm
(a) 2x + 5y = 52 (e) RP = 17 cm (f) US = 41 cm
(b) x y 4. (a) x = 7.81 cm (b) x = 13.45 cm
1 10 (c) x = 5 cm (d) x = 9 cm
6 8 (e) x = 8.94 cm (f) x = 4.90 cm
11 6
16 4 5. (a) x = 13 cm (b) x = 7.48 cm
(c) x = 24 cm

Mastery Practice 28 6. Length of diagonal = 11.3 cm

7. x = 3.35 cm 8. x = 97.1 km
1
1. p = –   2. h = –14
6
9 Test Yourself 29.2
3. x = 18 4. q = –
5
15 1. (a) 252 = 72 + 242
5. m = –14 6. k = It is a right-angled triangle.
4
7. m = 11 8. 56 (b) 172 ≠ 82 + 122
It is not a right-angled triangle.
9. $270
2. (a) 262 = 102 + 242
10. (a) x=6 (b) p = 12 It is a right-angled triangle.
11. (a) x = 21 (b) x=8 (b) 132 ≠ 62 + 82
12. (a) x = 36 (b) m = –10 It is not a right-angled triangle.

Answers 41
 (c) 2.52 = 22 + 1.52 Test Yourself 30.1
It is a right-angled triangle.
(d) 1.22 ≠ 0.32 + 0.52 1. (a) JL
It is not a right-angled triangle. (b) (i) KL (ii) JK
BC n h
3. (a) 0.52 = 0.32 + 0.42 2. (a) (b) (c)
AB k f
It is a right-angled triangle. CD h k
3. (a) (b) (c)
(b) 112 , 82 + 102 CE g l
It is an acute-angled triangle. EF KL p
(c) 122 . 52 + 82 4. (a) (b) (c)
EG JL r
It is an obtuse-angled triangle. 5. (a) 0.2309 (b) 0.1564
(d) 152 = 92 + 122 (c) 0.9078 (d) 1.0392
It is a right-angled triangle. (e) 0.8310 (f) 0.2402
4. 122 . 62 + 82 6. (a) 11° (b) 29°
It is an obtuse-angle. (c) 19° (d) 35.5°
(e) 44.3° (f) 50.2°
5. 4.52 . 2.52 + 3.52
It is an obtuse-angled triangle. 7. (a) 0.7923 (b) 0.5388
(c) 0.4155 (d) 0.9041
Mastery Practice 29 (e) 2.0965 (f) 0.9131

1. 11.7 cm 2. 12 cm 8. (a) 55.3° (b) 57.3°

(c) 25.7° (d) 60.6°
3. 15 cm 4. 10.4 cm (e) 16.5° (f) 67.4°
5. 66 cm 6. 13 cm
Test Yourself 30.2
7. 7 cm2 8. 16 cm2
3 2
9. Area of ∆BCD = 84 cm2 1. (a) (b)
2 5
10. Perimeter of the whole diagram = 33.9 m 12 21
(c) (d)
5 20
11. Area of the whole diagram = 95 m2 2. (a) 12 (b) 9
(c) 10 (d) 7
12. Perimeter of the whole diagram = 32 m
5 5
13. 20 cm 14. 291 cm2 3. (a) (b)
9 13
15. 8 cm 16. 66 cm 15 3
(c) (d)
17 5
17. 33.5 km x
15 km 4. (a) 0.8660 (b) 0.4961
(c) 0.7454 (d) 0.5300
30 km

18. y = 13 m y 5. (a) 16 (b) 32

5 km
(c) 39 (d) 48
12 m
3 6
z 6. (a) (b) 11
K L 5
19. z = 49.5 km 19 km 12 24
53 km (c) (d)
M 13 25
15 km 7. (a) 0.8844 (b) 0.5145
20. r = 20 km (c) 0.6614 (d) 0.9300
n
25 km
8. (a) 12 (b) 15
(c) 35 (d) 7
Chapter 30 Trigonometry I
Test Yourself 30.3
Flashback
12 5 12
(b) (c) 1. (a) (b) (c)
1. (a) 3 3 7 13 12 13
2. (a) 5 (b) 13 (c) 17

42 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

 1 15 1 4
2. 3. 4. 6. (a) 25 cm (b)
3 17 2 9
1 
3 
3 4
5. (a) (b) (c) 7. (a) 18 cm (b)
2 2 3

15
1 1 8. (a) (i) 15 cm (ii)
6. (a) (b) 1 (c) 17

2 
2
24
(b) (i) 33 cm (ii)
7. (a) 10 cm (b) 32° 25
8
8. 2.831 km 9. 1.196 km 9. (a) (b) 105 cm2
17
3
10. 8.081 m 10. (a) (i) 5 cm (ii)
5
15
Test Yourself 30.4 (b) (i) 3 cm (ii) 17
1. (a) ∠PQR (b) ∠SRQ (c) 48° 11. 6.93 m

2. L 12. (a) 36.9° (b) 9.90 m

13. (a) 8 (b) 34

38° 14. (a) (i) 10 (ii) 50

S
R 120 m (b) 80.57
9
3. P 15. (a) (i) (ii) 16 cm
x° 16
11 m 3
(b) (i) (ii) 210 cm2
5
Q 24 m
R 3 3
16. (a) (i) (ii)
4 5
4. 8.12 m 5. 167.85 m 3
(b) (i) (ii) 72 cm
5
6. 35.79 m 5 5 12
17. (a) (i) (ii) (iii)
12 13 13
7. (a) 55.43 m (b) 16.1°
8
8. 25° (b) (i) (ii) 12 cm
15
8
9. (a) 44.81 m (b) 15.27 m 18. (a) (i) (ii) 5.4 cm
17
10. (a) 32.97 m (b) 35.95 m (b) 10 cm
19. (a) ∠ QRP (b) 6.73 m
Mastery Practice 30 20. (a) ∠ MPS
3 (b) (i) 20.20 m (ii) 31.45 m
1. (a) 15 cm (b) 16 (c)
5 21. 67.71 m 22. 12°
3
2. (a) (i) 6 cm (ii)
5 23. 21.43 m 24. 940.36 m
8 12
(b) (i) (ii) 25. 13.32 m 26. 4.13 m
17 13
7 3 27. 126.07 m 28. 552.28 m
3. (a) (i) (ii)
3 4
8 29. 12.5 m
(b) (i) 8 cm (ii) 15 30. (a) 2.22 m (b) 10.05 m
5
4. (a) (i) 6 cm (ii)
13
7 Chapter 31 Similarity and Congruence
(b) (i) (ii) 12 cm
24
4 Flashback
5. (a) (i) (ii) 24 cm
5
(b) 15 cm 1. (a) equilateral triangle

Answers 43
 (b) isosceles triangle 8. (a) 3 (b) 9 (c) 6.5 m3
(c) scalene triangle
9. 6 cm2
2. (a) rectangle (b) square
(c) rhombus (d) parallelogram
(e) trapezium Mastery Practice 31
9
Test Yourself 31.1 1. 2. 42 cm 3. 9
8
4. TU = 10 cm, KW = 11 cm
1. (a) RQ & CB, RS & CD, SP & DA, PQ & AB
(b) HG & KN, EH & KL, EF & LM, GF & NM 5. TU = 6 cm, PS = 4 cm, WV = 15 cm
(c) EG & XZ, EF & XY, FG & YZ
6. PL = 8 cm, GK = 3 cm, HI = 3 cm, IJ = 4 cm
(d) GK & SW, GH & ST, HI & TU, IJ & UV,
KJ & VW 7. GH = 9 cm, HI = 6 cm, IJ = 4.5 cm, AB = 5 cm,
FA = 7 cm
2. (a) CA & KL, AB & LM, CB & KM
(b) RQ & EF, PQ & GF, EG & RP 8. ZS = 2.5 cm, ST = 5 cm, TU = 7.5 cm,
(c) MO & TU, MN & TS, NO & SU XY = 15 cm, CD = 4 cm, DE = 5 cm, EF = 1 cm
(d) CD & XY, DE & YZ, CE & XZ
9. (a) ∠VZY (b) 7 cm
3. (a) ∠B & ∠G, ∠A & ∠E, ∠C & ∠F
10. (a) k = 1.5 m, m = 2.4 m, n = 2.5 m
(b) ∠H & ∠L, ∠J & ∠M, ∠I & ∠K
(b) P = 1.2 m2, Q = 2.7 m2, R = 4.8 m2,
(c) ∠P & ∠Z, ∠Y & ∠R, ∠Q & ∠X
S = 5 m2
4. (a) x = 21 cm, y = 16 cm (c) 1:4
(b) x = 14 cm, y = 27 cm
11. (a) x = 6 m, y = 4 m, z = 10 m
(c) x = 9.5 m, y = 3.2 m, z = 2.8 m
(b) ∆A = 4 m2, ∆B = 9 m2, ∆C = 16 m2,
1 ∆D = 25m2,
5. (a) 10 m (b) 14 cm (c) 19 mm
3 (c) 4 : 25
6. (a) x = 27 cm, y = 28 cm
(b) x = 15 cm, y = 5 cm 12. (a) ∠BAC = ∠DEC (alternate angles, PQ  ST)
(c) x = 9 cm, y = 8 cm ∠ACB = ∠ECD (vert. opp. angles are equal)
 ∆ABC ; ∆EDC (two pairs of angles are
equal)
Test Yourself 31.2
AB BC AC
(b) = =
1. (a) no (b) yes (c) no (d) yes DE CD CE
13. (a) ∠GJK = ∠GHI, ∠GKJ = ∠GIH
2. (a) A, C (ASS) (b) B, C (SAS)
(b) ∆GJK ; ∆GHI
(c) A, C (SSS)
3. P and Q 4. 72° 14. (a) ∠MON = ∠KOL (common angle)
∠OMN = ∠OKL (corresponding angles,
5. (a) 117° MN  KL)
(b) A rotation through 141° anticlockwise about  ∆OMN ; ∆OKL
L or a rotation through 219° clockwise about OM MN ON
L. (b) = =
OK KL OL
6. (a) (i) Point T (ii) ∠RTS or ∠PTQ 15. (a) C
(b) 36 cm (c) 48 cm2
(b) S
R Q
Test Yourself 31.3
T
1. 4 : 9 2. 1.8 l P A

3. 160 000 cm2 or 16 m2 E

4. 2500 5. 31.3 cm3 C B

12 D
6. (a) or 2.4 (b) 3
2.4
5
7. (a) 9 cm2 (b) 2 cm 16. (a) ∆A ; ∆B, ∆C ; ∆D, ∆E ; ∆F

44 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

 (b) ∆A → ∆B, translation 25. (a) 300 cm3 (b) h = 5.5 cm
∆C → ∆D, rotaion
26. (a) x = 33.6 cm (b) y = 8.6 cm
∆E → ∆F, translation
27. (a) PQ = 9 cm
17. (a) ∆A ; ∆C, ∆B ; ∆D, ∆E ; ∆F 8
(b) ∆A → ∆C, reflection (b) Area of ∆SUT = x
9
∆B → ∆D, reflection 28. (a) EF : AC = 3 : 5
∆E → ∆F, translation (b) Area of ∆EBF : Area ∆ABC = 9 : 25
18. (a) AB = AD (c) Area of ∆AED : Area ∆EBF = 4 : 9
BC = DC 29. (a) OC : CA = 1 : 3
AC is a common side, (b) Area of OCD : Area OAB = 1 : 16
 ∆ABC ; ∆ADC (SSS)
(b) In ∆QSP and ∆QSR, PS = SR 30. (a) 20 cm (b) 9p m2
(QS bisects PR)
∠QSP = ∠QSR = 90° (QS ⊥ PR)
Chapter 32 Solid Geometery III
QS is a common side,
 ∆QSP ; ∆QSR.
Flashback
19. (a) BC = CD
AC = CE 1. (i) 5 000 000 cm3 (ii) 8.94 m3
∠ACB = ∠ECD (iii) 0.0277l
 ∆ABC ; ∆EDC (SAS) 2. (a)
(b) PQ = RS
∠PQS = ∠QSR = 90° • •
QS is a common side,
 ∆PQS ; ∆RSQ (SAS)
(b)
20. (a) KO = OL (MN bisects KL)
∠KOM = ∠NOL (vertically opp. ∠s) • •
NO = OM (KL bisects MN)
 ∆KOM  ∆LON (SAS)
(b) x = 12 mm (c)
• •
21. (a) AD = CD
∠ADB = ∠CDB (BD bisects ∠ACD)
1
BD is a common side, 3. (a) × Area of base × h
3
 ∆ABD ; ∆CBD (SAS) (b) l 3
(c) l×b×h
(b) k = 100
(d) Area of base × h
22. (a) ∆YST ; ∆XWU, ∆YXU  ∆YTU
(b) AB = BC (DB bisects AC)
Test Yourself 32.1
∠ABD = ∠CBD = 90° (DB ⊥ AC)
DB is a common side,
 ∆ABD ; ∆CBD (SAS) 1. (a) Cylinder (b) Cone (c) Sphere

23. (a) PS = QR 2.
∠SPR = ∠PRQ (alternate ∠s, PS  QR)
PR is a common side,
 ∆PRS  ∆RQP (SAS)
(b) y = 11
3. (a) Cylinder (b) Prism
24. (a) HJ = IF (c) Cone (d) Pyramid
∠EHJ = ∠IFG (opp. ∠s of a rhombus)
Test Yourself 32.2
 ∆EHJ ; ∆GFI (SAS)
(b) ∠ABC = ∠CDE (alternate ∠s, AB  DE) 1. (a) 144 cm2 (b) 728 cm2
∠ACB = ∠DCE (vert. opp. ∠s) (c) 9860 cm2 (d) 4530 cm2
∆ AB = DE ACB ; ∆ECD (AAS) 2. (a) 2464 cm2 (b) 30 184 cm2
y=9

Answers 45
 3. 35 cm 4. 70 cm 7
3. (a) π cm (b) 5 cm
5. 5370 cm2 6. 2262.24 cm2
4. (a) 16 cm (b) 600 cm3
7. 10 cm
5. (a) 5 cm (b) 910 cm3
Test Yourself 32.3 6. (a) 12 cm (b) 8 cm
1. (a) 50 cm 3
(b) 462 m 3 7. 140 cm
2. (a) 60 cm (b) 6m 8. (a) 14 cm (b) 96π cm3
3. (a) 6 mm (b) 11 m 1
9. (a) 10 cm (b) 7 cm3
4
4. (a) 5600 mm3 (b) 31.5 m3 10. 6 cm
5. (a) 500 000 mm 3
(b) 0.0073 m 3
11. (a) 1136 (b) 910 cm3
(c) 4 000 000 mm3 (d) 820 cm3
(e) 3.1l (f) 90 cm3 12. (a) 1140 cm2 (b) 1270.5 cm2

6. (a) 0.56 ml (b) 4800 ml 13. 21 cm

7. (a) 5 cm (b) 1210 ml 14. 30 cm

8. 141 cm3 15. 304 cm

9. (a) 76.9 m3 (b) 1090 mm3 16. 30π cm3

10. (a) 20 mm (b) 15 cm (c) 30 m 17. 1848 cm3

11. (a) 14 mm (b) 8 cm (c) 4m 18. 120π cm3

12. (a) 8 cm (b) 7840 cm3 19. 56.56 cm3

13. 4.28 cm 20. 945 cm3

14. (a) (i) 14.1 cm3 (ii) 180 m3 21. 3696 cm3
(b) (i) 3610 cm3 (ii) 11.2 m3 22. 4 cm
15. (a) (i) 4.50 m (ii) 2.33 mm 12
(b) (i) 1.86 cm (ii) 3.00 mm 23. π cm
16. 2.56 cm 24. 14 cm

17. (a) 12.0 cm (b) 7230 cm3 5

25. 590 cm3
8

Test Yourself 32.4 26. (a) 5.75 m3 (b) 13 (c) 7276.5 cm3

1. (a) 4310 cm3 (b) 273 m3 Chapter 33 Coordinate Geometry

(c) 816 mm3 (d) 542 m3
2. 262 cm3 Flashback
3. 194 300 mm3 1. (a) E(5, 4) (b) F(0, 3) (c) G(–1, 2)
4. 2156 cm3 (d) H(–2, 0) (e) I(–3, –2) ( f ) J(6, –2)
5. (a) 7.19 cm (b) 17.3 cm 3
2. (a) y = –3 (b) x=5
6. 88 cm 3

Test Yourself 33.1

Mastery Practice 32 2 2 2
1. (a) (i) (ii) (iii)
3 3 3
1. (a) 598 π cm2 (b) 612.69 cm2 (b) Yes
2. (a) 5 cm (b) 7 cm3 2 2 2
2. (a) (i) (ii) (iii)
3 3 3

46 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

 2 2 1
(b) (i)
3
(ii)
3
2. C 3, –12 2 3. p = 4, q = –1
(c) PQ or QR or PR 4. h = 13, k = –5 5. D(5, –2)
2 3
3. (a) (b) 2 (c)
7 4 Test Yourself 33.5
Test Yourself 33.2 1. (a) Yes (b) No
(c) Yes (d) No
1. (a) 2 (b) –1
4 2. Yes 3. k = 3
1
2. (a) (b) – (c) 3
5 4 4. q = – 3 5. h = – 12
k
3. – 4 4. 4 3
7. r = 5, t =
1 4 2
5. (a) (b) –
3 3 8. 2x – 3y – 8 = 0
3
6. 6 7. 9. (a) 5x + 3y + 15 = 0 (b) –5
2
1 10. (a) 2x + 5y – 38 = 0 (b) 19
8. (a) y = 2x – 13 (b) y=– x+6
3
3 11. (a) Yes (b) No
(c) y = x – 12
5 (c) No (d) Yes
1
9. (a) y = 2x + 6 (b) y=– x+3 12. Yes 13. 2
5 2
(c) y= x+2 1
2 14. 5 15. p=–
x y x y (q + 3)
10. (a) – + =1 (b) + =1
2 6 8 4 17. 2x + 5y + 21 = 0
x y
(c) – – =1 18. 5x – 3y – 25 = 0
12 8
11. (a) 2x + 5y – 10 = 0 (b) 3x – 4y – 4 = 0 19. (a) 2x + 3y – 8 = 0
(c) 5x – 3y – 15 = 0 20. (a) x – 4y – 23 = 0 (b) Q(3, –5)
1
12. (a) (2, 8) (b) 1 2
, –4 2 21. (a) –1 (b) x–y+7=0
1 (c) A(–3, 4)
(c) 1 3 , –82 x y
22. (a) – = 1 (b) D(6, –6)
3 10 15
13. (a) y=–
4
x+3 (b) 12, 32 2 (c) –2
4
14. (a) y= x+2 (b) (3, 6) 9
3 23. (a) R 2, 1 5 2
Test Yourself 33.3
(b) 25x – 15y – 23 =0
1. (a) 5 units (b) 10 units
(c) 13 units (d) 10.63 units Mastery Practice 33
2. (a) 9 + k 2 (b) 5k2 – 14k + 17
1. (a) (–1, 3) (b) y = –3x
3. 20.68 units 4. 3 4
2. (a) h= (b) k = –2 (c) (–2, 2)
1 19 3
5. 1, 7 6. ,–
2 2 1
7. –3, 9 8. m = 10 – 5n 3. (a) t=4 (b) 1
H –
2
,1 2
9. 7.071 units 10. –20, 4 4. (a) N(–2, –3) (b) 3y – 2x + 5 = 0

Test Yourself 33.4 5. F(5, 2)

1 9
1. (a) (4, 2) (b) (3, –2) 6. (a) –2 (b) y= x+
2 4
1–r
(c) 11, – 12 2 (d) 13, – 32 2 7. t =
2

Answers 47
 8. R (–3, 7) 5 2 18 1
6. (a) (b) (c) (d)
2 7 15 8
9. q = – 8, r = 2
3 Test Yourself 34.1
10. (a) y= x–3 (b) L (8, 3)
4
1. (a) 12s – 15t
11. (a) y = –3x – 5 (b) 1
R 0, – 5 2 (b) 12e 2 – 20ef
(c) 10m 2 – 5mn + 15mp
3
12. (a) y= x–8 (b) R (0, –8) (d) – 30p 2 + 18pq
2
(e) 6p 2 – 3pq + 9pr
13. (a) y = –2x + 8 (b) R (4, 0)
( f ) 2x 2 + 6xy – 12xz
(c) y = –x + 4
2. (a) ab + ad + bc + cd
14. (a) y = 2x (b) y = 2x + 3 (b) 6eg + 3ef – 8g 2 – 4fg
(c) R(0, 3) (c) x 2 + 11x + 24
(d) 6p 2 + 23p + 21
15. (a) y=6 (b) y = 2x – 2
(e) 6q 2 – 19q + 15
1 ( f ) 10x 2 – 29xy + 10y 2
16. (a) y=4 (b) y=– x–2
2 (g) 15x 2 – 11xy – 12y 2
4 4 (h) 15y 2 – 2yz – 24z 2
17. (a) y= x (b) y= x–4
3 3
3. (a) h2 – k 2
18. (a) y = 2x – 1 (b) P(–1, –3) (b) p2 – 9
(c) 4d 2 – 1
1
19. (a) y=
2
x+1 (b) D 1 103 , 83 2 (d) 9f 2 – 4g 2
(e) 16x 2 – 25y 2
2 3 ( f ) 36y 2 – 25z 2
20. (a) y= x–3 (b) y=– x–9
3 2
4. (a) a 2 + 8a + 16
21. (a) y = –2x + 16 (b) G(6, 4) (b) d 2 + 12d + 36
22. (a) (i) x + 4y – 18 = 0 (c) 4m 2 + 20mn + 25n 2
(d) 25x 2 + 70xy + 49y 2
(ii) Q(–2, 5)
1 2
(e) 36q 2 + 6qr + r
(b) T(– 6, 6) 4
( f ) e – 12e + 36
2
23. (a) R (6, – 3) (b) y + 2x = 9
(g) 4p 2 – 20p + 25
24. (a) (i) t=3 (ii) P(6, – 4) (h) 9t 2 + 36t + 36
(b) (i) Q(10, 2) (ii) 3y = –2x + 26 ( i) 25g 2 – 30gh + 9h 2
1 2
25. (a) D(0, 3) (b) C(– 4, 5) (c) E(–8, 7) ( j) 36y 2 – 3yz + z
16

Chapter 34 Algebraic Expressions III Test Yourself 34.2

1. (a) Factors of 3p = 1, 3, p and 3p

Flashback
(b) Factors of 9n = 1, 3, 9, n, 3n and 9n
1. (a) 12, 6, 3 (c) Factors of 6mp
(b) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,12 = 1, 2, 3, 6, m, 2m, 3m, 6m, p, 2p, 3p,
6p, mp, 2mp, 3mp and 6mp
2. 2, 3, prime factors
(d) Factors of 15pq
3. prime factorisation, 2, 2, 3 = 1, 3, 5, 15, p, 3p, 5p, 15p, q, 3q, 5q,
4. (a) Multiples of 2: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, ... 15q, pq, 3pq, 5pq and 15pq

(b)
Multiples of 3: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, ...
Common multiples of 2 and 3: 6, 12, ...
(e) Factors of 18p 2q
= 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18, p, 2p, 3p, 6p, 9p,
18p, q, 2q, 3q, 6q, 9q, 18q, p 2, 2p 2,
3p 2, 6p2, 9p2, 18p2, pq, 2pq, 3pq,
7 6 11 14
5. (a) (b) (c) (d) 6pq, 9pq, 18pq, p 2q, 2p 2q, 3p 2q,
9 17 12 15
6p 2q, 9p 2q and 18p 2q

48 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

 (f) Factors of 2xyz 3. (a) 2a + 2b – 2c = 2(a + b – c)
= 1, 2, x, 2x, y, 2y, z, 2z, xy, 2xy, xz, (b) 12p – 8q + 20r = 4(3p – 2q + 5r )
2xz, yz, 2yz, xyz and 2xyz (c) 4ab + 6ac – 10ad = 2a(2b + 3c – 5d )
(d) 5pq + 10pq 2 – 25p 2q = 5pq(1 + 2q – 5p)
2. (a) Common factors = 1 and 3 (e) 3xyz – 6xy 2z + 15x2y 2
(b) Common factors = 1 and 2 = 3xy(z – 2yz + 5xy)
(c) Common factors
(f) –12x2y 2z2 + 16x3y 2z3 – 36x2y 3z 4
= 1, 5, g, h, 5g, 5h, gh and 5gh
= – 4x2y 2z2(3 – 4xz + 9yz2)
(d) Common factors
= 1, 2, p and 2p 4. (a) ab + ac + bd + cd
(e) Common factors = (b + c)(a + d )
= 1, 3, r, 3r, t, 3t, r t and 3r t (b) bp – bq + cp – cq
(f) Common factors = (p – q)(b + c)
= 1, 2, x, 2x, y, 2y, xy and 2xy
(c) 2a + 2d + af + df
3. (a) H.C.F. = 3 = (a + d )(2 + f )
(b) H.C.F. = 5 (d) ay – az + 3y – 3z
(c) H.C.F. = 7 × d = 7d = (y – z)(a + 3)
(d) H.C.F. = 3 × 3 × e = 9e 5. (a) b2 + 2bd – 3b – 6d
(e) H.C.F. = f = (b + 2d )(b – 3)
(f ) H.C.F. = 2 × g2 = 2g2
(b) 2mn – 5np – 4mq + 10pq
(g) H.C.F. = 3 × y = 3y
= (2m – 5p)(n – 2q)
(h) H.C.F. = 13 × d 2 = 13d 2
(i) H.C.F. = p × q = pq (c) 7x + 14y – xz – 2yz
(j) H.C.F. = 3 × m × n = 3mn = (x + 2y)(7 – z)
(k) H.C.F. = 2 × 3 × r 2 × t = 6r 2t (d) 5cf – cg – 5f + g
(l) H.C.F. = 2 × 7 × x × y 2 = 14xy2 = (5f – g)(c – 1)
4. (a) H.C.F. = a 6. (a) b2 – 3b – b + 3
(b) H.C.F. = 2 = (b – 3)(b – 1)
(c) H.C.F. = 2 × d = 2d (b) 2p2 + 6pq – pr – 3qr
(d) H.C.F. = 2 × m × p = 2mp = (p + 3q)(2p – r)
(e) H.C.F. = p × q = pq
(f ) H.C.F. = 23 × x 2 × y = 8x 2y (c) t 2 – 5t – 4t + 20
(g) H.C.F. = 5x y = (t – 5)(t – 4)
(h) H.C.F. = 3xyz (d) xy + ty – 3xz – 3tz
= (x + t)(y – 3z)
Test Yourself 34.3
Test Yourself 34.4
1. (a) 2x + 6 = 2(x + 3)
(b) 3x – 15 = 3(x – 5) 1. (a) L.C.M. = 2 × 3 × a = 6a
(c) 2y + 10 = 2(y + 5) (b) L.C.M. = 22 × 3 × b = 12b
(d) 4 + 12a = 4(1 + 3a) (c) L.C.M. = 2 × 7 × d = 14d
(e) 7 – 21b = 7(1 – 3b) (d) L.C.M. = 24 × 3 × m × n
(f) 72 – 8y = 8(9 – y) = 48mn
(g) 12b + 16 = 4(3b + 4)
(e) L.C.M. = 22 × 5 × m × n
(h) 9x – 15 = 3(3x – 5)
= 20mn
(i) 25y – 35 = 5(5y – 7)
(j) a2 + 5a = a(a + 5) (f) L.C.M. = 2 × 3 × 5 × p × q
(k) b2 – 6b = b(b – 6) = 30pq
(l) 2x2 – 3x = x(2x – 3) (g L.C.M. = 23 × 32 × q × r 2
= 72qr 2
2. (a) ab – ad = a(b – d )
(b) 2b2 – 10bd = 2b(b – 5d ) (h) L.C.M. = 22 × 3 × 5 × x2 × y
(c) 4c 2 – 6cd = 2c(2c – 3d) = 60x2y
(d) 6pq + 28pq 2 = 2pq(3 + 14q) (i) L.C.M. = 22 × 32 × 5 × y 2 × z 2
(e) 15xy 2 – 35x 2y = 5xy(3y – 7x) = 180y 2z 2
(f) 16xy 3 – 24x 2y 2 = 8xy 2(2y – 3x)

Answers 49
 2. (a) L.C.M. = 3 × 4 × 5 × a
(b)
2b + 18 = b + 9
= 60a 2b b
(b) L.C.M. = 23 × 5 × b 4d 4
(c) =
= 40b d – 2d 2 1 – 2d
(c) L.C.M. = 22 × 3 × 5 × d 3g 2 = 3g
(d)
= 60d 2g – gh 2–h
(d) L.C.M. = 2 × 3 × 5 × g2 2p + 8p 2 = 1 + 4p
= 30g2 (e)
12pq 6q
(e) L.C.M. = 32 × 5 × p2 × q2 –10x yz
2 2
–2xz 2
= 45p2q2 (f) =
5xy – 20x y
2 2
1 – 4xy
(f) L.C.M. = 23 × 5 × q × r 3 × s 2
= 40qr 3s2 4. (a)
10h – 5k = 5
2h 2 – hk h
(g) L.C.M. = 22 × 3 × 5 × x × y 2 × z 3
= 60xy2z3 (b)
3ab – 6ab 2 = 3b
4a – 8ab 4
(h) L.C.M. = 2 × 3 × 5 × x2 × y × z 4
pq + 3p 2q p
= 30x2yz 4 (c) =
2q + 6pq 2
(i) L.C.M. = 2 × 5 × x × y × z
3 3 3

= 10x3y 3z 3 Test Yourself 34.6

3. p = 20, n = 3 a + 2a = 3a
1. (a)
7 7 7
Test Yourself 34.5
(b)
7b + 3b = 5b
1. (a)
6 = 3 12 12 6
8m 4m 3d + 5d = 4d
5a = a (c)
(b) 14f 14f 7f
10 2 8f – 6f = 2f
bd = d (d)
(c) 15 15 15
b2c bc 8g – 3g = 5g
7g = 1 (e)
(d) 11h 11h 11h
28g2 4g 3n + 5 + 2n – 3 = 5n + 2
h = 1 (f )
(e) 3d 3d 3d
4h2 4h
4x2y = 2x 2. (a)
2a + 3 + 5a – 5 = 7a – 2
(f) 4pr 4pr 4pr
10xy 2 5y
2pr 2 = r (b)
3 + 4b + 5 – 2b = 8 + 2b
(g) 2a – 1 2a – 1 2a – 1
18p2r 9p
15mn3 = 5n2 (c)
3x + 4y – x + 2y = x + y
(h) 8gh 8gh 4gh
3m2n m
–9xz 2 = –3 (d)
2a + 3b – a – 2b = a + 5b
(i) 3f – 2 3f – 2 3f – 2
24x 2z 3 8xz
2(a + b) = 2 3. (a)
2d + 2d = 2d + 2d × 3 = 8d
2. (a) 9 3 9 3×3 9
3(a + b)2 3(a + b)
4(b + c)2 = b + c (b)
4g + 3g = 4g × 2 + 3g = 11g
(b) 5 10 5×2 10 10
8(b + c) 2
6p(p + q) = 2 (c)
5 + 2 = 5 + 2×4 =
13
(c) 12f 3f 12f 3f × 4 12f
15p 2q(p + q) 5pq
(d)
4e – 3e = 4e × 2 – 3e = 5e
3a – 6 = a – 2 7 14 7×2 14 14
3. (a)
3a a (e)
3m + 1 – 2m + 3 = 7m
4 12 12

50 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

 (f )
7 – 3 = 7 – 3×2 = 1 (f)
3n – 3 = 3mn – 15
8r 4r 8r 4r × 2 8r 5p mp 5mp
m + 3mp + 1 = 5mp + 1 8. (a)
2d + 4e = 2d + 6e 2
4. (a)
4p 8p2 8p2 9ef 6f 9ef
5 – 2n – 5 = 13n + 5 (b)
3p – 5 = 27mp – 10
(b)
3m 9mn 9mn 4n 18mn 36mn
3 + 2n + 4 – 5r = 2nr + 12 – 12r (c)
3 – p + 2q – p = 13p – 5p2 + 4q
(c)
9p 3pr 9pr 4q 10pq 20pq
7 + 3t – 5 = 31t – 5 (d)
2p – 3r – q – 4p = 7pq – 15rq + 12p2
(d)
2s 8st 8st 6pr 10qr 30pqr
1 – y – 3 = 2y + 3 (e)
2z + 5z + 1 = 2z2 + 5xyz + xy
(e)
5z 15yz 15yz xy2 yz xy 2z
x – 4 – xy – 6 = 6 – 4y (f )
m + n – 2 + n = 2m + 2n – 2mn – mn2
(f)
y+2 y(y + 2) y(y + 2) m 2n 2m 2m2n

5. (a)
a + a = 8a
Test Yourself 34.7
3 5 15
b – b = 2b 1. (a)
b × 3a = 3ab
(b)
5 7 35 5 5
2g + 5g 29g (b) 4d ×
3c =
12cd
(c) =
3 7 21 5a 5a
4k – 2k 22k (c)
3e ×
g =
3eg
(d) =
3 7 21 2f 5h 10fh
2 + 3 25 (d)
–3p × 2r = – 6pr
(e) =
3h 8h 24h 5q q 5q2
4k + 6k 58k –7m ×
(f )
5a 7a
=
35a (e)
3np 1 –3q
4m =
2 28m2
9npq
f + h = 4f 2 + 5h 2 (f)
p+q × 3p = 3p(p + q)
6. (a)
5h 4f 20fh 2r 5q 10qr
(b)
2m – 3m = 4mpr – 15mn
1 3
5n 2pr 10npr 2a × 15b = 3b
2. (a)
(c)
2 + 5 = 2yz + 15x 5 4a 2
1 2
3x yz 3xyz 1 2

(d)
3m – n = 6m2p – n2 3c × 8df = 2cf
(b)
n 2mp 2mnp 4de 15 5e
 1 5
(e)
2x + 1 + x – 5 = 10x2 + 8x – 15
2 2
3y 5xy 15xy 6e × – 26gh = – 4eg
(f )
3a + b – b = 15ad + 5bd – 2bc (c)
13h 19f 3f 2
2c 5d 10cd 1 3
2 3p

7. (a)
5a + 3a = 31a 8mn × 9p2 = 6np
(d)
4 10 20 3p 20m2 5m
 1 5m
(b)
5b – 3b = 11b
2
6 8 24 – 8km × – 10nl = 16mn
(c)
1 + 3 = 13 (e)
15l 7k21 21k 2
4a a 4a   3 k

(d)
3 – a = 15 – 4af 1 3
5bq × – 12pr = – 3pq
8f 10 40f (f)
8r 1
25b2 10b 2
(e)
3m + 5 = 9m2 + 10   2 5 b

4n 6mn 12mn

Answers 51
 1 7
Mastery Practice 34
3. (a)
3 ×
14(a + b) = 7
4(a + b) 9b 6b 1. (a) H.C.F. = 5 × x2 × y = 5x2y
 2 3
(b) H.C.F. = 13 × p × r × s = 13prs
  3

(b)
2(d + 2c) × 15(ef ) = 6ef 2. (a) ab + bd = b(a + d )
35 (d + 2c) 7 (b) 5d 2 – 15df = 5d(d – 3f )
7
 
qr 3(2q – 5) = 3 (c) 6gh – 8gh2 = 2gh(3 – 4h)
(c) ×
2q – 5 4qr 2 4r (d) 32mn2 + 64mn = 32mn(n + 2)
r
  5 y
3. (a) ab + ac + be + ce
4x + y × 15y 2z = 5y = (b + c)(a + e)
(d)
6yz 2(4x + y) 4 (b) 3f + 6g + fh + 2gh
2
= (3 + h)(f + 2g)
2a ÷ d = 6ae (c) 2cd – 10ce + 3df – 15ef
4. (a) = (d – 5e)(2c + 3f )
b 3e bd
3d ÷ 5 = 9dg (d) 3f – 2fg + 6h – 4gh
(b) = (3 – 2g)(f + 2h)
2f 3g 10f
3 ÷ 5c = 3f 4. (a) m2 + mn – 2mp – 2np
(c)
4b f 20bc = (m + n)(m – 2p)
(b) 4ps + 6pt – 2qs – 3qt
5 ÷ – 3m = – 35p
(d)
2mn 7p 1
6m2n 2 = (2s + 3t)(2p – q)
5. (a) 2x2 – x – 6xy + 3y
3 ÷ 2p = – 33z
(e) 1–
5xy 11z 2
10pxy
= (2x – 1)(x – 3y)
(b) 6bx – 15by – 8cx + 20cy
(f )
10x2y ÷ 3z = 10x2y = (2x – 5y)(3b – 4c)
9 27z
6. L.C.M. = 2 × 3 × 5 × p2 × q × r
4 ÷ 2b = 6 = 30p2qr
5. (a)
3a 9 ab 7. L.C.M. = 23 × 3 × a2 × b2 × c 2
(b)
10d ÷ 5de = 8 = 24a2b2c 2
9 12 3e
8. L.C.M. = Amn2p3
5gh ÷ 10g = h
(c) Amn2p3 = 22 × 5 × 7 × m × n2 × p3
3f 6f
= 140 mn2p 2
6 4p = – 3
(d) 1– 25mn 2 ÷ 5mn 10np
2
A = 140
3a
3r ÷ – 9qr = – rp
2 9.
(e)
8p 4p2 1 6q 2 7bc
5e
8xy ÷ 4x2y = 10z 10.
(f ) d – 2e
3 15z x
r–1
11.
p p–q 2p pq
6. (a) ÷ =
r 2r p–q x–2
12.
3(a – 2) ÷ a – 2 = 9c y
(b)
10b 15bc 2 12b2e + 2d 2
13.
3(b – c) ÷ 9(b – c) = 5b 3bde
(c)
4a 10b 6a 5 – 3m 2p
14.
4x 8z 3x 3m
(d) ÷ =
(2x – y) 3(2x – y) 2z r+1
15.
2r 2

52 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

 8a + 1 (g) s = 8d 3 (h) q = – 64n 3
16.
2a(2a + 1) v–u
7. (a) a= (b) m = n(2k + h)
2p t
17. A
1 + 2p (c) v = 3(t – 2d) (d) r= +h
2p
5x + 2 m
18. (e) m = 6r v – 2n (f) n= +1
12 h
fv
3ac + b2 (g) Y=3– 2 (h) u=
19. Q v–f
3bc 2
 ps y
5m 1k2
3
20. – 8. (a) g= (b) r=
2n
5d (c) r= 3  3V
4p (d) u=  v 2 – 2as
21.
3 s at
(e) u= –
10x – 5y t 2
22.
4y(y – 2) T 2 gT 2
9
( f ) l=g
2p 1 2
or l =
4p2
23.
2( j + 2k) 9. (a) 29 (b) 12 (c) –7.5
–6 10. (a) 10 (b) 3 (c) 13
24.
y
11. 15 cm
p
25. – 12. F = 3 + 0.2d + 0.08t
4
F = taxi fare in $
Chapter 35 Algebraic Formulae d = distance travelled in km
t = travelling time during peak hours in minutes
Flashback $7.60

2
1. (a) –4 (b) 0.35 (c) Mastery Practice 35
5
2. (a) 9p (b) 4p + 2q
1. p = 8 – u
Test Yourself 35.1 3G
2. m =
V 2–h
1. (a) P = mgh (b) I= 9v + 2
R 3. u=–
1 6
(c) v = u + at (d) A= bh 9p 2
2 4. q=
2. (a) x = 3y – 1 (b) m = 3n + 1 3 – 5p
15km
3. (a) a (b) I 5. h=
6k – 1
(c) s (d) A pt
6. r=
4. (a) Yes (b) No 3(2t + 7)
(c) Yes (d) No
5. (a) l=k–p (b) q=m+d
7. f =  2(y7y+ 2)
(c) p = m + 2q (d) q = p – r2 p2
8. m =
4q V q(p – 1)
(e) r= (f) R=
m I 12p 2 2t – 3r
9. (a) r = (b) k=
(g) s = jq (h) R = 3mn 5 – 8p h
6. (a) m
n= (b) q= 3 p 4–q  3n – 7
10. (a) n = (b) m= 3
q–3
(c) y = 2 r (d) k = –3 3 h
(e) u = r2 (f) g = 16m 2
11. (a) f=  h(3k2k– 1)
2 (b) h=
4z
k–5

Answers 53
 1 1 – 3q (e)
12. (a) y=– (b) p=
27x + 16 9 2 3 1
3–
2
4 5 6 7 8 9
1 9v + 28
13. (a) 13 (b) w= (f )
2 4
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2
4 – 7m
14. (a) 183 (b)
6
3V – 16y 2 5. (a) x>2 (b) x,8
15. x = 1
24y 2 (c) x < –1.5 (d) x . –6
3
A – 8 pr 2
16. h = (e) –1 , x < 4 (f ) 3.5 < x , 10
12pr
17. (a) p = (15n + 4) 2 (b) 18
Test Yourself 36.2
18. (a) 3n – 1 (b) 5

19. p = 20x – 3y 1. (a) x.5 (b) x,8

2l 2 + 128 (c) x > –8 (d) x < 3.5
20. p =
l (e) –4 . x (f ) x < –11
(g) x > –9.4 (h) x , –10
Chapter 36 Linear Inequalities 1
(i) x,2
3
Flashback
2. (a) x,5 (b) x . –3
1. (a) x=7 (b) x = –3 (c) x < 21 (d) x > 1.6
1
(c) x = 6 (d) x = 20 (e) x . 15 (f ) x < –2.4
2
3
2. ab + ac (g) x.7 (h) x > 1.8
5
3. ab – ac 3
(i) x,7
8
Test Yourself 36.1
3. (a) x.7 (b) x , –8
1. (a) –5 , –3 (b) l < 20 3 –13
(c) w > 3 kg (d) N . 500 (c) x< (d) x<
2 2
1 (e) x > 11 (f ) y . 10
2. (a) 3 . 3.25 (b) – 8 , –5 2
3 (g) y , –27 (h) y>–
29 3 3 4 3
(c) ,7 (d) – 2 . –2 (i) y < 12
4 8 7 9

3. (a) x = –1, 0, 1, 2, … 4. (a) x . –8 (b) x < –5

(b) y = 4, 3, 2, 1, … 9
(c) x>5 (d) x,–
(c) p = 3, 4, 5, 6, … 2
(d) q = 5, 4, 3, 2, … 21
(e) x > –24 (f ) y.
(e) m = – 6, –5, – 4, –3, … 2
(f ) x = 9, 8, 7, 6, … 2
(g) y > 30 (h) y>–
3
4. (a) 2
(i) y<
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 9
(b) 5. (a) x 6, (b) x . –5
3 4 5 6 7 (c) x –11
< (d) x > 4
(c) (e) x 20
, (f ) y , –8
2 1
2– 3 4 5 6
(g) y 10
. (h) y < –24
2
1
(d) (i) y.
2
–8 –7 –6 –5 14– –5 –4
6. (a) x , –2 (b) x < 3

54 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

 13 –4 l x o 3
(c) x,7 (d) x <
2
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
15
(e) x<6 (f ) y,
2
(f ) xO 9
(g) y<7 (h) y . – 4
x l 15
(i) y,8
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

7. x + 20  25 8. y–5,4 \ 9 < x , 15
l 1 9 o x l 15
9. <7 10. 6m . 1.2
4 2 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Test Yourself 36.3 2. (a) x1

0 1 2 3 4
1. (a) x O –3

xO 1
(b) x  –7
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2
\ x>1 –10 –9 –8 –7 –6
xO 1
(c) –1  x  5
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2

–1 0 1 2 3 4 5
(b) x l –7
xo 0
(d) 2x6
–8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1
2 3 4 5 6
\ x , –7
x l –7
(e) –4  x  3
–8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3

(c) x O –1
xl 5 (f ) 9  x  15

–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
\ –1 < x , 5
–1 o x l 5 3. (a) x>3 (b) x , –1

–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
(c) No (d) No
(e) 2,x<8 (f) –7 , x , 9
(d) xL 2 (g) –6 , x < 10 (h) –3 < x < 4
xo 6
4. (a) 4,x<7 (b) –3 , x < 4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
(c) x<2 (d) x > 12
\ 2,x<6 (e) 10 , x < 18 (f) –4 < x < 6
2 lx o6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
5. (a) x = 0, 1, 2 (b) x = –2, –1, 0, 1
(c) x=3
(e) xo 3
x L –4
Mastery Practice 36
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4

\ –4 , x < 3 1. (a) x > 6.8

\ The least value of x is 6.8.

Answers 55
 (b) x > 6.8 16. 2 17. 0
\ The least integer value of x is 7. 4
18. (a) z , –2
7
6 (b)
2. (a) y> y > 1.2
5 4
–2 –
(b) y = 2, 3, 4 and 5 7
4
(c) z , –2 ,
3. (a) x<7 7
\ The greatest integer value of z is –2.
(b)
4 5 6 7 8 1
19. (a) p>
2
2 (b)
4. (a) x > –2 (b) –2, –1, 0
5 1
–
2
5. (a) m<4
1
(c) p> ,
(b) m4 2
1
4 \ The smallest value of p is .
2
6. (a) n > 3.8 (b) 4, 5, 6, 7 20. Shaun has 15 marbles.
Peter has 90 marbles.
7. (a) m > 4.9
(b) m = 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9
Chapter 37 Simultaneous Equations
1
8. (a) x < –2 Flashback
8
1
\ The greatest value of x = –2 . 1. (a) 12p – 42q (b) –20k + 25n
8
1 (c) 9x (d) 12 – 5x + y
(b) x < –2
8 2. (a) Yes (b) No
\ The greatest integer value of x is –3. (c) No (d) Yes
3. (a) x=7 (b) x=6
9. (a) b.8
(c) y=2
(b) b . 8,
\ The smallest integer value of b is 9. Test Yourself 37.1

10. (a) y,9 1. (a) Yes (b) Yes

(b) y , 9, (c) Yes (d) No
\ The greatest integer value of y is 9. (e) No (f) No
2. (a) x y (b) m n
11. (a) x > –2
(b) x > –2, 2 5 4 0
\ The smallest integer value of x is –2. 4 11 –2 1
–3 –10 –26 5
(c)
–2 3. (a) b = 15 (b) m = 42
(c) q = –7 (d) t = –2
12. p , –5; –6 1
(e) x = 17
2
5
13. q. ;1 4. (a) x y (b) t u
6
–1 –1 10
14. 0 –
–2 –1 0 1 2 0 6 3
–2, –1, 0, 1 1 13 2
2
3
15. (a) 15y . 18 (b) $19 14
4
3

56 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

 (c) k h (d) a b 2. m = –10, n = 66
–1 –1 –2 48 3. x = 3, y = –2
5 –1 36
0 4. p = – 4, q = 3
3 0 24
2 7 5. x = 4, y = 8

or other posibble answers. 6. p = 9, q = 6
5. Let x = the number of 10 cent coins spent 7. p = 2, q = –1
y = the number of 50 cent coins spent
(a) x + 5y = 52 8. x = 4, y = –1

(b) 9. p = 3, q = –2
x y
2 10 10. (a) x = 2, y = –3 (b) 5
7 9 11. (a) x = 5, y = –3 (b) 8
12 8
12. –3, 7
17 7
22 6 13. 8, –5
14. (a) 2x – y = 19, 3x – 4y = 16
Test Yourself 37.2 (b) x = 12, y = 5

1. (a) a = 10, b = 2 (b) h = 2, k = 4 15. (a) 3m + n = 180° (b) 82°, 98°

(c) m = 4, n = –1 (d) p = 5, q = 2 16. (a) 2x + y = 8, 4x – 3y = 1
1 (b) x = 2.5, y = 3
(e) r = –1, s = 2 (f) t = , u = –3
3
2 1 17. Length = 33 cm, breadth = 19 cm
(g) v= ,w= (h) x = 3, y = 6
3 2 18. 30 cm2
1 1
(i) x=– ,y= (j) y = 18, z = –3 19. a = 12, b = 7
4 5
2. (a) a = 5, b = –1 (b) c = 2, d = 1 20. 21 pieces
2
(c) g = 1, f = –1 (d) h = 3, k = 21. 15 years
3
(e) m = –2, n = 3 (f) p = 1, q = 3 22. $64
(g) r = 1, s = –2 (h) t = –3, u = 5
1 1 23. x = 32°, y = 54°
(i) v= ,w= (j) x = –7, y = – 6
2 3 24. (a) x + y = 163, 7x + 12y = 1616
1 (b) 95 cups
3. (a) x = , y = –1 (b) x = 3, y = 2
3 25. 18
(c) x = –12, y = –25 (d) x = 8, y = 6
1
(e) x = 3, y = –2 (f) x = 1, y = Chapter 38 Quadratic Expressions and
4
4. 74 Equations
5. 24, 32
Flashback
6. Each bun costs 45 cent and each muffin costs
60 cent. 1. b 2. b 3. – 4. +

7. $105 5. (a) (q + 7)(p + 3) (b) (l – m)(k – 4)

8. (a) 12 cm (b) 50°, 130° (c) (c – e)(d + 1)

6. (a) (x + 4)(x + 5) (b) (x – 6)(x + 2)

Mastery Practice 37 (c) 3(x + 5)(x + 2)

5 1 7. (a) 9x (b) 12 – 5x + y
1. x = ,y=–
2 3 (c) 3x + 10 (d) 9hk – 3mn

Answers 57
Test Yourself 38.1 5. (a) 2(x + 4)(x – 4) (b) 3(y + 2)(y + 3)
(c) 3(1 + 2m)(1 – 2m) (d) 4(y – 1)(y – 2)
1. (a) Not a quadratic expression in one unknown. (e) 5(p – 4)(p + 2) (f) –2(2y – 3)(y + 2)
(b) A quadratic expression in one unknown. (g) 4(q + 3)(q – 2) (h) –3(2y – 5)(y – 1)
(c) A quadratic expression in one unknown.
(d) A quadratic expression in one unknown.
Test Yourself 38.3
(e) Not a quadratic expression in one unknown.
(f) A quadratic expression in one unknown.
1. (a) A quadratic equation in one unknown
(g) Not a quadratic expression in one unknown.
(h) Not a quadratic expression in one unknown. (b) A quadratic equation in one unknown
(c) Not a quadratic equation in one unknown
2. (a) 8y 2 + 12y (b) p 2 + 5p + 6 (d) Not a quadratic equation in one unknown
(c) 3x 2 + 7x + 2 (d) 6m 2 – 7m + 2
(e) A quadratic equation in one unknown
(e) 3x 2 + 7x – 20 (f) 8y 2 + 10y – 7
(g) 6m 2 – 3m – 30 (h) 8q 2 – 14q – 15 (f) A quadratic equation in one unknown

3. (a) x 2 + 6x + 9 (b) y 2 – 10y + 25 2. (a) No (b) Yes (c) Yes

(c) 4m 2 + 4m + 1 (d) 9p 2 – 12p + 4 (d) No (e) No (f) Yes
(e) 16 + 24k + 9k 2 (f) 1 – 4q + 4q 2
(g) 4 + 20n + 25n 2 (h) 36h 2 + 84h + 49 3. (a) No (b) Yes
(c) Yes (d) No
3 (e) Yes (f) Yes
4. (x 2 + x – 1) cm 2
2 (g) No (h) Yes
5. 5x 2 + 18x + 9
4. (a) x2 – 3x – 2 = 0;
6. (16x 2 – 24x – 16) cm3 a = 1, b = –3, c = –2
(b) 6x2 + x = 0;
Test Yourself 38.2 a = 6, b = 1, c = 0
(c) 9x2 – 12x – 1 = 0;
1. (a) 2x(x – 2) (b) y(7 + 3y) a = 9, b = –12, c = –1
(c) 5m(5m + 1) (d) 3n(n – 3) (d) 2y2 – 5y – 3 = 0;
(e) – 4y(5y + 1) (f) – q(4q + 7) a = 2, b = –5, c = –3
(g) –2p(8 – 9p) (h) –3k(2 + 3k) (e) x2 + 4x + 2 = 0;
a = 1, b = 4, c = 2
2. (a) 3(y + 4)
2
(b) 4(1 – 2p )
2
(f) 2m2 + 5m + 2 = 0;
(c) 3(5p 2 – 2) (d) 9(x 2 + 3)
a = 2, b = 5, c = 2
(e) 2(5x 2 – 2) (f) 12(3 – 2q 2)
(g) 2(8 – 3m 2) (h) –2(4 – 7n 2) 5. (a) 2x2 + 3x – 4 = 0 (b) 3y 2 + 3y + 2 = 0
(i) –2(4y 2 + 3) (j) –3(1 + 7x 2)
(c) 3n 2 + n = 0 (d) 2q 2 – 15q – 1 = 0
3. (a) (1 – m)(1 + m) (b) (p – 7)(p + 7) (e) 8k – k – 3 = 0
2
(f) 2y 2 + y + 9 = 0
1 1
(c) 1 3 – x21 3 + x2 (d) 4(y – 3)(y + 3) (g) 4x – 7x – 11 = 0
2

(e) (3x – 1)(3x + 1) 6. (a) y = x2 + 4

1 1
( f ) 19 –
3 21 3 2
m 9+ m (b) y = 2x2 – 3x
1 1 (c) y = –3x2 – 2x + 5
(g) 1 y – 821 y + 82
6 6 (d) y = 4x2 – 4x + 1
3 3
(h) 15 – n215 + n 2 (e) y = 3x 2 + 4x – 4
4 4
(f) y = 2x2 – 6x + 7
4. (a) (x + 1)(x + 3) (b) (x + 2)(x + 5)
(c) (x + 3)(x + 7) (d) (x – 4)(x – 3)
(e) (x – 2)(x – 8) (f) (x – 4)(x + 2) Test Yourself 38.4
(g) (x + 6)(x – 2) (h) (m + 5)(m – 4)
3
( i ) (2y + 3)(y + 6) (j) (2x + 1)(x – 6) 1. (a) – ,0 (b) – 5 , –3
2
(k) (2n – 3)(n + 3) ( l) (3y – 4)(y + 3) 2 5
(c) –2, 10 (d) – ,
(m) (3x – 5)(x + 4) (n) (3p + 7)(p – 2) 3 2
(o) (4y + 5)(y – 2) (p) (3x – 7)(2x + 3) 7 5 3
(e) –3, (f) ,
4 6 2

58 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

 1 3 2 5
(g) , (h) –4, – 11. , –2
2 4 5 2
1
2. (a) y = 2 or y = –2 (b) p = 0 or p = 12. –1, – 4
2
(c) m = 0 or m = 6 (d) x = 3 or x = – 5 13. 3
1 4
(e) y = – or y = 3 (f) n = – or n = 2 14. 3.5 seconds
2 3
7 3
(g) k = –3 or k = (h) x= or x = – 4 15. (a) 7, 8
2 4
1 2 (b) 4, 6
(i) y= or y = –3 (j) x= or x = 3 (c) 7, 9
6 3
5 3
(k) p = 1 or p = (l) x= or x = 2 16. (a) x 2 + 3x – 180 = 0
3 2
(b) 15 cm × 12 cm
3. (a) –3.45, 1.45 (b) 0.47, 8.53 (c) 54 cm
(c) –1, 2.5 (d) –2, 1.33
(e) – 0.81, 0.31 (f) 0.67, 1 x 2 + 2x
17. (b)
(g) – 0.45, 1.12 (h) 0.78, 3.23 2
(c) x = 6, x = – 8
4. (a) x = 0.36 or x = – 8.36 (d) 24 cm2
(b) x = 4.30 or x = 0.70 (e) 24 cm
(c) x = 8.80 or x = – 0.80
(d) x = 0.28 or x = – 5.28 18. (a) a=3
(e) x = 2.67 or x = –1 (b) d=4
(f) x = 0.68 or x = – 3.68 (c) n = 20
(g) x = 5.15 or x = – 0.15
5. (a) – 0.47, 8.47 (b) –1.84, 1.64 Test Yourself 38.5
(c) – 0.82, 3.07 (d) –2.71, – 0.12
(e) 0.45, 1.68 (f) – 8.04, 1.37 1. (a) y

6. (a) x = 0.58 or x = –2.58 15

(b) x = 1.77 or x = 0.57
y = 2 x2 – 4x – 3
(c) x = 2.37 or x = 0.63 10
(d) x = 0.55 or x = – 4.55
(e) p = 1.18 or p = – 0.45
5
(f) n = 1.15 or n = – 0.65
3 x
7. (a) – 5, 2 (b) 4, 0
4 –2 –1 1 2 3 4
3 2 –5
(c) – 3, 6 (d) ,
4 3
7 7 (b) y
(e) 6, – (f) –1,
2 2
8
8. (a) x = – 8 or x = 3
(b) x = 3 or x = 9 6
(c) x = –2 or x = 8 y = 6 + x – x2
(d) x = –12 or x = 3 4
(e) x = – 0.65 or x = –3.85
(f) x = 0.39 or x = – 0.28 2
(g) x = 4 or x = 3
(h) x = 3.58 or x = 0.42 0
x
–3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4
9. (a) 0.28, – 5.28 (b) 2.67, –1 –2
(c) 0.68, –3.68 (d) 5.15, – 0.15
(e) 1.18, – 0.45 (f) 1.15, – 0.65 –4

10 1
10. (a) , –1 (b) ,5 –6
3 3
5 3 5
(c) – , (d) –1,
2 2 2

Answers 59
 2. (a) y 1
8. (a) x=– or x = 8
2
4
y = x(4 – x) (b) (i) m = –5 or m = 3
2
2 (ii) x = , x = –3
3
4
x 9. (a) x= – or x = 5 (b) 15 and 8
–1 0 1 2 3 4 5 3
3 1
–2 10. (a) x= or x = –7 (b) x= or x = –2
4 5
4
–4 11. (a) x= or x = –1 (b) x = – 4 or x = 1
3
(c) x= 7.90 or x = –1.90
–6
3 1
12. (a) x= or x = –2 (b) x = 9 or x =
(b) y 4 3
(c) x = – 0.76 or x = – 9.24
20
1
13. (a) p = 2 or p = –3 (b) x= or x = –2
15 2
y = 2x2 – 7x + 3 2
(c) x= or x = – 5
3
10
14. (a) 3x 2 + 2x – 8 = 0 (b) 8x2 – 10x + 3 = 0
5 (c) 2x2 + 17x – 8 = 0

15. (a) x = 7 or x = – 5 (b) x = 6 or x = – 5

x
–1 0 1 2 3 4 5
(c) number 5, 6

–5 16. (a) x = 2 or x = 10
(b) x = 4 or x = 7
(c) 8.639
3. (a) A parabola which opens upward with a
3
minimum point. 17. (a) x= or x = 6
4
(b) A parabola which opens downward with a
(b) (i) x + y = 12
maximum point.
(c) A parabola which opens upward with a (ii) x2 – 12x + 27 = 0
minimum point. (iii) 3 and 9
(d) A parabola which opens upward with a
18. (a) x = 1.721, x = – 0.387
minimum point.
(b) x = 1.175, x = – 0.4254
(e) A parabola which opens downward with a
maximum point. 19. (a) x = 4, y = 3 (b) 10 cm
(f) A parabola which opens downward with a
maximum point. 20. (a) x 2 + 5x – 84 = 0 (b) 12 cm
21. (b) 7 cm × 4 cm
Mastery Practice 38 2
22. (a) x= or x = 6 (b) x=4
3
1. (a) 10y 2 – 4y + 1 (b) (4x 2 + 4x – 15) cm2 1
23. (a) w= or w = – 4 (b) 2m
2
2. (a) x2 – x – 12 (b) 6(x – 2)(x + 2) 3
24. (a) x = 16 or x = 4 (b) p=– or p = 4
3. (a) 4p 2 + 12p + 9 (b) 4(p – 3)(p + 3) 2

4. (a) 6x2 – x – 12 (b) (x – 4)(x – 8) 25. (a) 2x 2 – 14x – 3 = 0 (b) 3x 2 + 2x – 8 = 0

(c) 8x 2 – 10x – 3 = 0 (d) 2x 2 + 17x – 8 = 0
5. (a) p (11p – 2) (b) (3x – 2)(x + 9)
26. (a) 2p2 + p = 0
6. (a) 2(3 + 2y)(3 – 2y)
(b) Yes, 2x 2 – 6x + 5 = 0 (b) (i) 2 s, 3s (ii) 5s
7. (a) 3(3x – 1)(2x + 3) (iii) No, the greatest height is 100 m when
(b) x 2 – 23x + 120 = 0 t = 2.5 s.

60 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

Chapter 39 Sets (c)
R
(d)
T
1 2 4 8
Flashback 5 10 12 16

1. a, e, i, o, u
2. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 9. (a) A = {11, 13}
(b) B = {a, b, c, d, e}
3. Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet (c) C = {red, blue, yellow, green}
4. Shirt, trousers, shoes, socks, dresses, watches, (d) D = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
skirts, … 10. (a) 5 (b) 6
5. Red, blue, yellow, green (c) 0 (d) 8
6. 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17 11. (a) True (b) False
(c) True (d) False
Test Yourself 39.1 (e) False (f) False
(g) True
1. (a) The set of the first five prime numbers.
(b) The set of the first six even numbers. 12. (a) A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
(c) The set of days in the week. B = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19}
(d) The set of vowels. (b) n(A) = 8
2. (a) A = {21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26} n(B) = 8
(b) B = {January, June, July}
(c) C = {red, orange, green} 13. { }, {1}, {2}, {3}, {4},
(d) D = {31, 33, 35, 37, 39} {1, 2}, {1, 3}, {1, 4},
3. (a)  (b)  {2, 3}, {2, 4}, {3, 4}
(c)  (d)  {1, 2, 3}, {1, 2, 4}, {1, 3, 4}, {2, 3, 4},
{1, 2, 3, 4}.
4. (a) True (b) True
The number of subsets of A = 24 = 16.
(c) False (d) False
5. (a) {M, A, T, H, E, I, C, S} 14. A = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16}
(b) {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12} B = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15}
(c) {1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81} ξ
A B
6. (a) (i) x = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8} 14 2 3 6
5
(ii) P = {1, 3, 5} 4
7
11
1
(iii) Q = {2, 4, 6, 8} 8 9
15
(b) (i) n(P) = 3 16 13
(ii) n(Q) = 4 12 10

7. (a) P (b) Q
15. (a) P=f (b) Q≠f
18 21 S P (c) R=f (d) S=f
24 27 D R
16. (a) P≠Q (b) M=N
(c) V=W (d) C≠D
(c) (d)
R S 17. 2 18. 7
12
red
blue
14 Test Yourself 39.2
green 16
1. (a) True (b) False
8. (a) (b) (c) False (d) True
E Q
3
2 4 2. (a) , (b)  (c) 
1 5
(d) , (e)  (f) ,
7 9 6

Answers 61
 3. (a) (b) (b) ξ A
N A 9 2
M B B
T 7 8
27 I 5
29 G E 11
23 R 12

(c) (d) 12. (a) (i) R' , ξ (ii) R,Q
P S
Q R
(iii) P , Q' (iv) R , P'
(v) R , Q , ξ
(b) ξ P Q
R
a
(e) f
V e
W c
1 2 b d
6 5
3 30
10 15
Test Yourself 39.3
4. (a) { }, {3}, {4}, {3, 4}
1. x = {x : 1 < x < 12}
(b) { }, {x}, {y}, {z}, {x, y}, {x, z}, {y, z},
{x, y, z} P = {1, 2, 4, 8}
(c) { }, {11}, {13}, {11, 13} (a) P' = {3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12}
(b) n(P') = 8
5. (a) (i) 16 (ii) 32
(b) 64 2. (a) E' = {6, 8, 9, 10}
6. (b) ξ
ξ P
A
B
Q
11 9
10
12

7. ξ F
7 13
3. (a) {7, 8, 9} (b) {9} (c) {9}
G
9
11 4. (a) {a, u}
15
(b) ξ
17 M N

a
i e
8. (a) {3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 12} u
(b) {4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11}
(c) {4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12} o
(d) {5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11}
(e) {3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 12} 5. x = {10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20}
P = {10, 13, 15, 18}
9. A' = {1, 2, 3, 5, 9, 10} (a) Q = {10, 15, 20}
B' = {2, 6, 8, 9, 10} P>Q
10. P' = {e, g} = {10, 13, 15, 18) > {10, 15, 20}
Q' = {a, b, e, g} = {10, 15}
(b) ξ
11. (a)
ξ 11 P 14 Q 17
11 12 C
5
13 20
2 10
7 8 18 15

9 19
12 16

62 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

 6. (a) {4, 6, 7, 10, 11} (b) {4, 6, 7, 9, 11} (c) (d)

7. (a) A > B' A B

(b) (A > B)' > C A B

8. x = {10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20}
X = {11, 13, 15, 17, 19}
(a) Y = {11,13,17,19} A  B AB
X<Y
= {11,13,15,17,19} < {11,13,17,19}
= {11,13,15,17,19} Mastery Practice 39
(b) ξ
X 1. (a) (i) The set of the first five prime
10
numbers
Y
11 17 15 16 (ii) {2, 3, 5, 7, 11}
13 19 20
(b) (i) False (ii) False
12 14
18 2. (a) {5, 7, 9, 11} (b) 4
(c)
A

9. (a) {2, 6, 9} (b) {2, 3, 6} 5 9

10. {16, 17} 7 11

11. (a) 5 (b) 16 (c) 2

3. (a) 7
12. 225 students (b) False (b) False
13. (a) (b) 4. (a) True (b) False
(c) True (d) True
A B A B
5. 18

6. (a) { }, {7}, {9}, {11}, {7, 9}, {7, 11}, {9, 11}, {7,
9, 11}
(b) P
A'  B A'  B' Q
(c) (d) 7 9 11

A B
A B
7. ξ A
7
B 11
10
A'  B' AB 8
12 9
14. (a) (b)
8. (a) ξ P Q
8
A B A B 3
2
6
4
9
5 7

A  B' (A  B)' (b) { }, {2}, {4}, {2, 4}

(c) {2, 4, 5, 7, 8}
(d) 6

Answers 63
 9. (a) { }, {4} (b) {2, 5, 7, 8, 10} 22. (a) x = 12
(c) 16 (d) 2 (b) The number of students who join both clubs
= 24
10. (a) (i) B , A (ii) B,ξ
(iii) A' , ξ
(b) Chapter 40 Scale Drawings
ξ A
B
Flashback

1. 10 mm, 100 cm, 1000 m, 100 mm2. 10 000 cm2,

1 000 000 m2

11. (a) {12, 18} 2. 3.75 cm

(b) {10, 12, 14, 16, 18}
12. (a) {6, 9} (b) 4 Test Yourself 40.1

13. (a) P = {20, 24, 28} 4. 10.5 cm

Q = {20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 30} 5. R
(b) {20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27}
(c) 1 60°
5 cm
14. (a) 5 (b) 26
(c) 11 (d) 16 8 cm
4.95 cm
(e) 15
15. (a) 1 (b) L'  M ' Q
7 cm
16. (a) 23 (b) 6
P
17. (a) 124 (b) 8
(a) 1 : 500
18. (a) {12, 15} (b) {12, 15} (b) 40 m
(c)(i) (ii) (c) 433 m2

A B Mastery Practice 40
A B
1. (a) 20 cm (b) 78.4 m 2
2. (a) 2.8 cm (b) 1 : 5000
A  B' A'  B 3. (a) D (b) 12.4 metres
(iii) (iv) 4. (a) 10 cm (b) 25 000 m
5. (a) 1.8 cm and 50º
A B A B
1
(b) 1:
2
6. (a) n=2 (b) 540 m 2
7. (a)
A'  B' (A  B)'

19. (a) M ' = {17, 19, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28}
(b) { }, {3}, {7}, (3, 7}
20. (a) {∅}, {p}, {q }, { p, q}
(b) P  Q = {12, 15}

21. (a) K  L = {1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 18} (b) 20 cm
(b) P  Q = {12, 15}

64 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

 8. (a) 4. (a) Bearing of A from B is 139°48'.
(b) Bearing of A from B is 310°36'.
(c) Bearing of A from B is 121°12'.
(d) Bearing of A from B is 229°18'.

5. Bearing of A from X = 035°

Bearing of B from X = 90° + 35° = 125°
Bearing of C from X = 270°
(b) 852 cm Bearing of D from X = 360° – 63° = 297°
1
9. (a) 1: 6. (a) (b) N
3 N

10. (a) 3600 cm 2 (b) 5

N A
5 143°
11. (a) 36 km (b) 1: D N
3
51°
12. (a) 1 : 300 (b) 2 cm B
(c) C

(c) N (d) N

F G
195°
N
N

13. (a) 10.82 305°

H

(b) E

7. (a) (b) N
N

A 150°
B
Chapter 41 Bearing θ

Flashback N
39° N
1. (a) 90° (b) 45°
A
(c) 135° (d) 225º B
θ
2. (a) p = 90° (b) q = 105°
(c) r = 42º (d) s = 148°
(c) N

Test Yourself 41.1 B

θ

1. (a) 180° (b) 000°

(c) 225° N

2. (a) 015° A
(b) 095° 308°
(c) 360° – 100.5° = 259.5°
(d) 360° – 34°26' = 325°34'

3. (a) Bearing of P from Q is 048°. 8. (a) 243° (b) 37°

(b) Bearing of P from Q is 140°. (c) 132°
(c) Bearing of P from Q is 231.8°.
(d) Bearing of P from Q is 329°24'.

Answers 65
Test Yourself 41.2 3. N N

1. N
c
X x Y
z a
124° y
C N
N
y x b
N 65°
z
q Z d
a A
q b
B
(a) ∠x = 50°
∠a = 220°
(a)
∠x = 56°
∠y = 34° \ The bearing of Z from Y is 220°.
∠a = ∠y
(b) ∠y = 40°
= 34°
∠b = 40°
\ The bearing of C from B is 034°.
\ The bearing of Y from Z is 040°.
(b)
∠q = 45°
(c) ∠c = 155°
∠z = ∠x
= 56° \ The bearing of Z from X is 155°.
∠b = 259° (d) ∠z = 25°
\ The bearing of B from A is 259°. ∠d = 335°
\ The bearing of X from Z is 335°.
2. N

4. N

K 172°
y
N P b
c N
x
23° z
a
c N y
z
M
O R
x

L a
b

(a) ∠x = 8° Q
∠y = 52°
∠a = 52°
(a) ∠x = 157°
\ The bearing of K from M is 052°.
∠a = 11.5°
(b) ∠b = 352° \ The bearing of P from Q is 011.5°.
\ The bearing of K from L is 352°. (b) ∠y = 67°
∠b = 191.5°
(c) ∠z = 60°
\ The bearing of Q from P is 191.5°.
∠c = 112°
\ The bearing of L from M is 112°. (c) ∠z = 56.5°
∠c = 146.5°
\ The bearing of R from P is 146.5°.

66 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

5. N 7. N

C
y Q 126°
N
42° 104°
c N
a a 50° 54°
z N
x p b
42° 46°
A P x
48° z O r
R
N c
b
y

B (a) (i) ∠x = 54°

(ii) ∠y = 130°
(iii) ∠z = 50°
(a) ∠x = 48°
∠a = 138° (b) (i) ∠z = 50°
\ The bearing of B from A is 138°. \ The bearing of Q from P is 050°.

(b) ∠y = 48° (ii) ∠a = 96°

∠z = 84° \ The bearing of R from P is 096°.
∠b = 186° (iii) ∠r = 30°
\ The bearing of B from A is 138°. ∠c = 276°
(c) ∠p = 96° \ The bearing of P from R is 276°.
∠c = 6° (iv) ∠b = 306°
\ The bearing of C from O is 006°. \ The bearing of Q from R is 306°.
(d) ∠x = 48°
\ The bearing of C from A is 048°. 8. N

c
E
6. N

F a
N
36° 36°
N N

36°
x x 68° G
E G b
x c d
a
b 68°
F

(a) (i) ∠FGE = 68°

(a) ∠a = 216° (ii) ∠FEG = 44°
\ The bearing of E from F is 216°.
(b) (i) ∠a = 68°
(b) ∠x = 54° \ The bearing of G from F is 068°.
∠b = 324°
\ The bearing of F from G is 324°. (ii) ∠b = 248°
\ The bearing of F from G is 248°.
(c) ∠c = 144°
\ The bearing of H from E is 144°. (iii) ∠c = 136°
\ The bearing of G from E is 136°.
(iv) ∠d = 316°
\ The bearing of E from G is 316°.

Answers 67
 9. N (b) (i)
Distance between Police Station Y and
Police Station Z.
19.2 cm × 10
N = 192 km
Y 175°
q (ii) 360° – 2° = 358°
65°
p
N
Bearing of Y from Z is 358°.
X 52°

4. (a) Figure not drawn to scale.

Z N
a
b
C
(a) ∠p = 5°
∠q = 65°
∠XYZ = 70° N
∠YZX = 58° 30°
B
∠a = 297°
\ The bearing of X from Z is 297°.
(b) ∠b = 355°
\ The bearing of Y from Z is 355°.

Test Yourself 41.3 A

1. (a) (i) 60 km (ii) 45 km (b) 450 m

(c) 230 m
(iii) 91 km
(d) 360° – 30° = 330°
(b) (i) 050° (ii) 110° Bearing of C from B is 330°.
(iii) 075°
5. (a) Figure not drawn to scale.
2. (a) Figure not drawn to scale. N

N P
N N
N
B K
87° C
85°
A

(b) (i) 2000 km N

(ii) Bearing of C from A is 087°. 25° 45°
R

3. (a) Figure not drawn to scale.

(b) 17.7 cm × 100
N = 1770 km
(c) Bearing of K from R is 070°.
Y
N

Mastery Practice 41
X
1. (a) 095º (b) 081º
2. 130º 3. 125º
4. (a) 335º
N
(b) (i) Bearing of Q from R is 055º.
Z (ii) Distance from R to P is 60 km.

68 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

5. N N 8. N
N

76° Q
P 54° 75°
64° P Q
40° 60°
45° b

62°

R N

a
(a) 76° + 64° = 140° 45°
Bearing of R from P is 140°. R

(b) 180° + 76° = 256° (a) ∠a = 15°

Bearing of P from Q is 256°. \ Bearing of Q from R is 015°.
(b) ∠b = 255°
\ Bearing of P from Q is 255°.
6. N
N
9. N
100°
80° R b
P 40°
100° b
Q

30°
N a 17°
a
13°
120° N
43° 30°
Q E
P 30°
77°
(a) ∠PQR = 40° R
∠a = 40° o

\ Bearing of Point R from Point Q is 040°. (a) ∠a = 73°

\ Bearing of E from P is 073°.
(b) ∠b = 360° – 100° – 40°
= 220° (b) ∠b = 193°
\ Bearing of Point Q from Point R is 220°. \ Bearing of E from Q is 193°.
(c) ∠c = 313°
\ Bearing of E from R is 313°.
7. N

138° 10.
F
R
18° 42°
N 32°
N
42° N
18°
55° N
65° G
E a
y
x r
32° Q
(a) 18° + 65° = 83° P

\ Bearing of Point G from Point E is 083°. (a) x = 55°, y = 10°

(b) 360° – 42° = 318° (b) ∠c = 106°
\ Bearing of Point F from Point G is 318°. ∠PQR = 116°
(c) ∠a = 87°
\ Bearing of Q from P is 087°.

Answers 69
11. N (ii) ∠b = 228°
\ Bearing of E from G is 280°.
(iii) ∠c = 48°
E 160°
\ Bearing of G from E is 048°.
y
N x (iv) ∠d = 20°
z N \ Bearing of F from E is 020°.
b

60°
F
H a
G 13. (a) N
N

(a) ∠FEG + 160° = 60° + 160°

10° B
= 220° 80°
\ Bearing of F from E is 220°. A
55°
20°
(b) ∠x = 20° 35°
∠a = 340° N

\ Bearing of E from G is 340°. b

x
a
(c) ∠y = 40° C
∠b = 100°
\ Bearing of G from F is 100°.

(d) ∠FEH = 90° – 60° (b) (i) ∠x = 35°

= 30° ∠a = 325°
∠z = 10° \ Bearing of A from C is 325°.
∠z + ∠x + 160° = 10° + 20° + 160°
(ii) ∠b = 20°
= 190°
\ Bearing of B from C is 020°.
\ Bearing of H from E is 190°.

14. (a) Figure not drawn to scale.

12. N N
N
H
F 30°
x z 60° N
20° 80° Gb
52° a 60°
30° M
60°
30°

N
c
y

E 28°

(a) (i) x = 160°

X
(ii) y = 20°
(iii) z = 80° (b) (i) 95 km
(ii) \ Bearing of City H from City X is
(b) (i) ∠a = 280°
350°.
\ Bearing of F from G is 280°.

70 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

15. (a) Figure not drawn to scale. 9. (a) –1.2799 (b) 0.7431 (c) –0.1045
N 10. (a) 32°, 148° (b) 36°
(c) 129° (d) 117°
A 135°
(e) 62° (f) 11°, 169°
30°
45° (g) 146° (h) 63°, 117°
45° N (i) 65° (j) 48°, 132°
75°
(k) 104° (l) 127°
B
60° 11. (a) 34°21', 145.88° (b) 119°48'
(c) 128°45'
N 1
30° 12. (a) 3.46 m (b)
2
C 4
13. (a) 6 cm (b) –
3
14. (a) 13 cm
(b) 800 m 12 5
(b) (i) –   (ii)
(c) Bearing of Point C from Point A is 210°. 13 13
5
(iii) –  
12
Chapter 42 Trigonometry II
Test Yourself 42.2
Flashback

4 4 3 1. 14.61 cm 2. 32.11 cm
1. (a) tan θ = , sin θ = , cos θ =
3 5 5 3. 41.04° 4. 19.45 cm
12 12 15
(b) tan θ = , sin θ = , cos θ = 5. (a) 32.03° (b) 102.97° (c) 33.08 cm
5 13 13
8 8 15 6. 23.69°
(c) tan θ = , sin θ = , cos θ =
15 17 17
7. (a) 45.83° (b) 6.684 cm
2. (a) 0.2679 (b) 0.3907 (c) 0.6820
(d) 0.3659 (e) 0.5135 (f) 0.2284 8. (a) 22.52° (b) 27.48° (c) 7.228 cm
9. 3.945 cm
Test Yourself 42.1
10. (a) 120.50° (b) 21.57 cm
1. (a) (i) 0.65 (ii) 0.75 (iii) 0.87 11. 10.65 cm
(b) (i) 0.75 (ii) –0.65 (iii) –1.15
12. (a) Yes; AB = 12.42 cm, ∠A = 53.46°, ∠C = 86.54°
2. (a) 0.3 (b) 0.95 (c) 0.32 or AB = 2.898 cm, ∠A = 126.53°,
(d) 0.95 (e) 0.3 (f) 3.17 ∠C = 13.47°
3. (a) (i) 0.64 (ii) –0.76 (iii) –0.84 (b) No; EG = 14.20 cm, ∠G = 26.02°,
∠F = 124.98°
4. (a) negative (b) positive (c) negative (c) Yes; MN = 8.542 cm, ∠M = 43.50°, ∠K = 101.50°
(d) negative (e) positive (f) negative or MN = 1.288 cm, ∠M = 136.50°,
5. (a) 1 (b) –3 ∠K = 8.50°

3 (d) No; TS = 10.47 cm, ∠R = 63.44°,
(c) (d) 1
∠T = 46.56°
6. (a) 6
3 (b) –3 13. 58.05°, 121.95°
(c) –8 (d) 6
14. ML = 18.04 cm, ∠L = 39.83°, ∠N = 110.02°;
7. (a) 44° (b) 52°20' (c) 19.7° ML = 3.280 cm, ∠L = 140.17°, ∠N = 9.83°
8. (a) cos 150° = –cos 30° 15. (a) 64°7 (b) 7.359 cm
(b) sin 136° = sin 44°
(c) tan 128° = –tan 52° 16. 14.37 cm
(d) cos 102° = –cos 78° 17. 219.29 m
(e) tan 159° = –tan 21°
(f) sin 167° = –sin 13°

Answers 71
Test Yourself 42.3 5 3
4. (a) (i) (ii) –
13 4
1. 12.34 cm 2. 15.33 cm (b) 70°, 110°
3. 43.05° 4. 77.32° 12 5
5. (a) (i) (ii) –
13 12
5. 30.52° (b) 118°
6. (a) 113.77° (b) 45.38° 4
6. (a) (i) 12 cm (ii)
3
7. (a) 9.539 cm (b) 54.79°
15 8
(b) (i) – (ii) –
8. 19.75 cm 9. 6.844 cm 8 17
5 12
10. (a) 44.22° (b) 6.566 cm 7. (a) (i) – (ii) –
12 13
11. 9.58 cm 8
(b)
17
12. (a) 4 cm (b) 4.883 cm 8. (a) 25.97° (b) 3.23cm
(c) 2.80 cm
9. (a) 8.41 cm (b) 85.66°
13. (a) 62.72° (b) 9.071 cm
10. (a) 26.45° (b) 17.54 cm
14. 26.45° 15. 47.90°
16. 8.206 cm 17. 6.05 cm 11. (a) 57.91° (b) 6.07 cm

12. (a) 4.84 cm (b) 66.95° (c) 2.54 cm

Test Yourself 42.4
13. (a) (i) 12.37 cm (ii) 30.00°
1. 47.31 cm2 2. 21.78 cm2 (b) 41.57 cm2
3. 32.51 cm2 4. 17.31 cm2 14. (b) 85.63 cm2
5. 47.81 cm2 6. 27.20° 15. (a) 17.35 cm (b) 45.30°, 134.70°
(c) (i) 4.365 cm (ii) 106.29 cm2
7. 71.74 cm2 8. 58.44 cm2
16. (a) 23.58° (b) 6.275 cm
9. 36.77 cm2 10. 90.64 cm2 (c) 125.27° (d) 47.21 cm2
11. (a) 8.544 cm (b) 19.49 cm2 17. (a) (i) 13.74 cm (ii) 19.16°
12. (a) 44.22° (b) 10.7 cm (b) (i) N M
19.16°
(c) 102.00° (d) 47.10 cm2
6 4.8 cm
13. (a) 5 cm (b) – Lʹ
5
L
14. (a) 18 cm (b) 12.76° (c) 35.79 cm2
(ii) 14.29 cm2
15. (a) 8.66 cm (b) 19.95° (c) 31.62°
18. (a) (i) 10.09 cm (ii) 17.38 cm
16. (a) 19.08° (b) 37.02 cm2
(b) 4.26 cm (c) 10.00°
17. (a) 63.23° (b) 37.19° (c) 74.31 cm2
19. (a) 10.78 cm (b) 10.34 cm
(c) 82.54° (d) 88.50 cm2
Mastery Practice 42 20. (a) 26.37° (b) 57.50 cm2 (c) 61.67°
12 6
1. (a) (i) (ii) –
13 5
Chapter 43 Statistics II
(b) 145°
12 5 Flashback
2. (a) (i) – (ii) –
13 12
(b) 132.98° 1. (a) 15 (b) 24 (c) 56 (d) 25
3. (a) (i) – 0.75 (ii) 0.6 2. (a) 60% (b) 30% (c) 62.5%
(b) 102°

72 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

Test Yourself 43.1 120 – (50 + 30) 1
6. (a) x= × 360° ×
120 2
1. Hot Beverages Sold = 60°
by a Cafe
30
Others (b) Angle of sector = × 360°
120
Chocolate 18°
= 90°
54° Coffee (c) Mode = 50
162°
126°
Tea
Test Yourself 43.2

2. Favourite Flavour of Ice Cream 1. (a) (b)

of 120 People Class interval Mass (kg)
Others
110 – 114 1.0 – 1.3

Chocolate 115 – 119 1.4 – 1.7

42°
102° Vanilla
57° 120 – 124 1.8 – 2.1

87° 72° 125 – 129 2.2 – 2.5

Coffee Strawberry 130 – 134 2.6 – 2.9

(c) (d)
Mark Length (cm)
3. (a) Others = 360° – 126° – 90°
= 144° 76 – 80 4.5 – 8.5
The highest amount of the family expenditure 81 – 85 9.5 – 13.5
is for others. 86 – 90 14.5 – 18.5
90° 1 91 – 95 19.5 – 23.5
(b) Rent = =
360° 4 96 – 100 24.5 – 28.5
360°
(c) × 9800 = $28 000
126° 2. (a) Class Lower Upper Lower Upper
1 interval limit limit boundary boundary
4. (a) (i) Sector of Myvi cars = × 360°
3 21 – 25 21 25 20.5 25.5
= 120° 26 – 30 26 30 25.5 30.5
(ii) Sector of Viva cars
31 – 35 31 35 30.5 35.5
= 360° – 120° – 17° – 167°
= 56° 36 – 40 36 40 35.5 40.5
41 – 45 41 45 40.5 45.5
360°
(b) Total car sales = × 2 100 000
56°
= $13 500 000 (b) Distance (km) 1.0 – 1.4 1.5 – 1.9 2.0 – 2.4

(c) Sales of Proton Saga Lower limit 1.0 1.5 2.0

167° Upper limit 1.4 1.9 2.4
= × 13 500 000 = $6 262 500
360° Lower
0.95 1.45 1.95
boundary

98.54 Upper boundary 1.45 1.95 2.45

5. (a) × 100% = 25.78%
382.3 Class size 0.5 0.5 0.5
68.81
(b) × 360° = 64.8°
382.3
3. (a) Area Lower Upper Lower Upper Class
45°
(c) × 382.3 = $47.8 billion (cm2) limit limit boundary boundary size
360°
12 – 15 12 15 11.5 15.5 4
25.96
(d) × 100% = 6.79% 16 – 19 16 19 15.5 19.5 4
382.3
20 – 23 20 23 19.5 23.5 4
6 3
(e) =
100 50

Answers 73
 (b) Time Lower Upper Lower Upper Class 35 – 39 |||| ||| 8
(s) limit limit boundary boundary size 40 – 44 |||| 4
3.0 – 3.9 3.0 3.9 2.95 3.95 1 45 – 49 ||| 3
4.0 – 4.9 4.0 4.9 3.95 4.95 1 50 – 54 || 2
5.0 – 5.9 5.0 5.9 4.95 5.95 1

Test Yourself 43.3

4. Mark
1. (a) 9 (b) 19.875
35 – 39
(c) 62.17 (d) 13.03
40 – 44 (e) 0.3583
45 – 49
2. (a) 5.179 (b) 17.36 (c) 6.728
50 – 54
55 – 59 3. (a) 17 (b) 87 (c) 7
60 – 64 4. 6
5. (a) 56 (b) 16
5. Radius (cm)
6. (a) 19 (b) No mode
4.0 – 4.2
(c) 7 and 9 (d) 26
4.3 – 4.5 (e) 31
4.6 – 4.8
7. (a) 11 (b) 19.5
4.9 – 5.1 (c) 4.43 (d) 11
5.2 – 5.4
8. (a) 12, 7 and 12
5.5 – 5.7
(b) x = 4, y = 8; x = 5, y = 7; x = 6, y = 6
5.8 – 6.0 (c) x = 13, y = 17; x = 14, y = 17;
x = 15, y = 17; x = 16, y = 17; x = 17,
y = 17
6. Length (cm)

30 – 34 9. (a) 59 , t < 62 (b) 50 < m , 60

35 – 39 10. $33.00 11. 64.3 kg
40 – 44
12. (a) 165.64 cm
45 – 49 (b) 165 < h , 170 cm
50 – 54
13. (a) $(100 , y < 110)
55 – 59
(b) $(90 , y < 100)
60 – 64
14. x = 8, y = 10; 40 < m , 60 marks
65 – 69
15. (a) 37 (b) 70

7. Mass (kg) Tally Frequency

Mastery Practice 43
42 – 44 ||| 3
45 – 47 |||| | 6 1. 100º 2. 23
48 – 50 |||| ||| 8 23
3. 4. 90
51 – 53 |||| |||| 10 90
54 – 56 |||| |||| 9
5. (a) x = 60º (b) 90º (c) Mode = 5
57 – 59 |||| 4 6. 1.5 7. 10
8. 16.5 9. 29.5
8. Height (cm) Tally Frequency 10. (a) 155 < h , 160 cm
20 – 24 ||| 3 (b) Mean : 10.57 g
25 – 29 |||| 4 Median : 10 g
30 – 34 |||| | 6 Mode : 10 g

74 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

11. (a) 11 (b) (i) 20 (ii) 10 18. 7% p.a.
12. (a) m=3 (b) 5 19. (a) $4500 (b) $19 500
(c) $812.50
13. (a) 17.5
(b) n = 10 20. (a) $18 000 (b) $63 000
(i) 11 (c) $2625
(ii) 11
8+p Test Yourself 44.2
14. (a) Median =
2
(b) p = 5, 6 1. (a) $1103 (b) $844
(c) 7 or 8 (c) $1740 (d) $2653
(e) $3800 (f) $12 453
15. (a) 9 (b) 51
2. (a) $22 050 (b) $49 172
16. (a) p = q, q = 14 (b) 9
(c) $74 464 (d) $112 736
(e) $183 846
3. (a) $1941 (b) $3322
Chapter 44 Personal and Small Business
(c) $5346 (d) $6968
Finance
(e) $14 356

Flashback 4. (a) $5507 (b) $5578

(c) $5616 (d) $5643
5 20 47
1. (a) (b) (c) 5. (a) $163 (b) $1470
12 57 49
(c) $568 (d) $1921
4 7 489
2. (a) (b) (c) (e) $2424 (f) $15 432
5 20 100
6. (a) $12 044 (b) $3044
3. (a) 10 cents (b) 2.7 kg
7. $83 695
Test Yourself 44.1
Mastery Practice 44
1. (a) $600 (b) $1000
(c) $3250
1. (a) $1165.38 (b) $5050
2. $2025 3. $1350
2. $547.75 3. $2296.67
4. $280.80 5. $2339.60
4. (a) $499.40 (b) 44 hours
6. $5475
7. (a) $31 096 (b) $54 286.20 5. $1050 6. $2800

8. (a) $501.60 (b) $506.55 7. $700 8. 15.5%

9. $7550 10. $4425 9. 30% 10. $650
11. (a) $5250 (b) $7060
11. 20% 12. $420
12. (a) $350 (b) $1920
(c) $12 350 (d) $15 300 13. $3500 14. 25%

13. (a) $1000 (b) $2500 15. $10 000 16. 20%
(c) $7500 (d) $12 000
17. $2520 18. 25%
14. (a) 5% p.a. (b) 3.5% p.a.
(c) 5% p.a. (d) 7% p.a. 19. $37 200 20. $2640
15. (a) $32 400 (b) $122 400 21. $23 250
16. (a) $13 440 (b) $15 456 22. (a) $2250 (b) $12 750
(c) $3456 (c) $3060 (d) $658.75
17. 3 years (e) $18 060

Answers 75
23. (a) $600 (b) 6.5% p.a. (d) y

24. (a) 3% p.a. (b) 5 months

x
25. (a) $62 071.73 (b) $22 071.73 –1 O

26. $30 216.03 –2

27. (a) $2200 (b) $8800 2x + y = –2

(c) $3379.20 (d) $253.73

(e) y 3x – 2y = 12

Chapter 45 Graphical Representation of x

Inequalities O 4

Flashback –6

1. (a) x . –1 (b) x < 12

2. x . –4 (f) y
4x = y – 16
3. (a) Yes (b) No
16

Test Yourself 45.1

x
–4 O
1. (a) (3, 4) satisfies y , 3x – 2
(b) (4, 10) satisfies y = 3x – 2
(c) (2, 7) satisfies y . 3x – 2 (g) y

2. (a) (5, 1) is below the line y = 2x + 5

(b) (–2, 1) is on the line y = 2x + 5 4
(c) (3, 13) is above the line y = 2x + 5 3x + 4y – 16 = 0

3. (a) y x=6 x
O 16
–
3

(h) y

x 8
–
O 6 5 5y + 4x – 8 = 0

(b) y x
O 2

x
O 4. (a) y>7 (b) x , –3
–4 y = –4 (c) x + 2y > 10 (d) 3y , 2x – 9

5. (a) 9y . 2x + 45 (b) x+y<8

(c) 5x + 8y + 17 > 0 (d) 9y , 8x + 25
(c) y
6. (a) y (b) y
x=2
2 5
4 y=5
1 4
x 3
0 1 2 3
–1 2
x 1
O 8 x
x + 2y = 8 –1 0 1 2 3
–1

76 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

 (c) y (d) y (e) y
4 3 x + y = 8 3y = 4x
y = 2x + 1
3 2 8
y=2–x
2 1 3y = x + 8
(3, 4)
1 x
x 0 1 2 3 4 (1, 3) (4, 4)
0 1 2 3 4 –1 x
O

7. y (f) y
x=5
y = 2x + 3
y=x
3 6)
(–,
2
5 (4, 3)
3
x x + 2y = 10
0
y = –x + 5 x
O 6
4x + 3y = 24
8. y
1
x
+ 11. y < x + 2, y > –x + 4 and x , 4
=
y
y=1 1
12. y> x, y , –x + 6 and x > 0
0
x 2
13. y . –2x + 4, y < x + 4 and x < 2
y = 2x – 2
14. (a) x > 0, (b) x > 0,
9. y
y = 3x x + 3y < 12, x + 2y . 8,
5 y > 1, y > 2x – 12,
4
5y , 2x + 15 5y < x + 30
y

3
=
–x

2 (c) y > 0, (d) 14y , 5x + 56,

+

y=1
5

1
x
2x + 5y > 18, x + 2y > 8,
0 x + y . 6, 5y > 4x – 11
1 2 3 4 5
2x + y > 7
10. (a) y
(e)
x > 0, (f) x > 0,
4y = x – 4
9y < 2x + 36, y > 0,
2 y . x – 3, 3y < 2x + 12,
x
x + 3y > 6 y > 4x – 26,
O 4 8 2x + 3y > 6
–1
x + 4y = 8
Mastery Practice 45
(b) y
2y + x = 18
y=x–3 1. y < x + 8, x + y . 8 and x < 8
9 y=7 2. y
O (8, 5) y = 3x
x
4
–3
y=x
(c) y
0
x
x=4
7 (4, 5) 7y = 3x – 14
3. y
(7, 1)
O x y=x+3
–2
x + 2y = 14
x
0
(d) y y = 2x – 3 y = –2x

3y = x + 16 4. y
(2, 6)
(5, 7)
y=4
x y=4
O
–3 y=x+4
x
0
y = 2x

Answers 77
 5. x + 2y . 6, x + y < 6 and x > 0 22. (a) Q
(b) R, T
6. y
x=3 (c) P, S
y=6
23. y
x 4
0 F
y = –2x + 6 2
2 y= x–2
3
J
7. y x
x=5 –2 0 2 4 G
7 K –2
6 1 +3
y = –x
2 –4
5 M
4 S
3
2 1 +3 (a) (i) J, M (ii) F, K, G, S
y = – –x
1 2 (b) (i) J, M (ii) F, K
x
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 (iii) G, S

8. y
24. y , 3x + 4
1
4 25. y . – x+2
2
2x + 3y = 12
26. y , –2x – 2
x
O 6 27. (a) P
(b) Q
9. x + 2y > 9
28. C
10. 7y , 3x + 15
29. (a) x –2 1 3
11. 2y > x + 6;
x < 4; y –22 11 3
y < 7; (b) y
x>0
10 y = 6 + 8x – 3x2
12. (a) 3x + 2y < 24; 3y < 2x + 12; y , 5
5
(b) 37
13. y > x + 1; 2x + y > 7; x + 2y < 14 x
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
14. A –5
20
15. y < 7; y > 2x + 7; y + x > 3 –10 –
4x
y=
16. y , –3x – 3 –15

17. x , 4 –20

–25
18. y
–30
y = 2x
–35
2y = x + 4
–40

3y + x = 21 –45

x
O (c) (i) x = –1.55 (ii) y = 8.5
(d) x = –2.35 or 3.7
19. Figure B
1 30. (a) x –3 –1 2
20. y < x, y > x and x , 3
2 y –6 12 9
21. y , x + 2, x + y > 4 and x < 4

78 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

 (b) & (d) y 4. 16 m, 24 m
y = 50 y=x –4+9
3
Distance, s (m)
50
R
40 24

30
16
20

10 8
x
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 Time, t (s)
–10 0
2 4
M

y=
–20

15
–
–30 5. Distance, s (km)

15
x
240
(c) –3.14, 2.2 and 0.94 200
160
120
Chapter 46 Graphs in Practical Situations 80
40
Flashback Time, t (h)
0 1 2 3 4
1. 26 km/h
6. (a)
2. 50 seconds
Distance (m)
6
3. 18 km/h 20
7

Test Yourself 46.1 16

1. (a) The acceleration of a movement. 12

(b) The density of an object.
(c) The rate of reduction in mass. 8

2. Distance from home (km)

4
50
40 Time (s)
0 2 4 6 8 10
30
20 (b) –2 m s–1
10
(c) The gradient is the speed of the object,
0
1100 1120 1140 the negative sign indicates the opposite
Time of day direction to the forward direction.

3. Distance from KLIA (km) 7. (a)

Time (s) 0 5 10
500 Distance (m) 10 20 30

400 (b) Distance, s (m)

30
300

20
200

10
100

Time, t (s)
0 5 10
0 10 20 30 40 50
Time (minutes)

Answers 79
 (c) 2 m s–1 (b) At 1040 (c) 21.82 km h–1
(d) The gradient is the speed of the particle. 15. –13 500 km/h2
16. –1.5 m s–2
8. Distance, s (km)
17. 66 000 km/h2
320
18. (a) Cost of petrol ($)
240 15

160
10

80
5

Time, t (hours)
0 1 2 3 4 Distance (km)
0 20 40 60
The gradient is the speed of the bus.
(b) $0.25 km–1, the cost of consumption of
9. Distance, s (m)
petrol per kilometre.
25
19. (a) Voltage, V (V)
20
18

15
12

10
6

5
Current, I (A)
0
0.5 1.0 1.5
Time, t (s)
0
1 2 3 4 (b) 12 V A–1 or 12 ohm (Ω), The electrical
resistance of a conductor.
The gradient is the speed of the particle.
10. (a) 1 m s–1 (b) –2.5 m s–1 20. (a) Interest ($)
(c) 10 s (d) 0.8 m s–1 1600
11. (a) 80 km (b) 80 km h–1
(c) 70 km h–1 (d) 60 km h–1 1200

(e) Speed (km h–1)

800
80
400
60

40 Premium ($)
0 5000 10 000 15 000 20 000
20 (b) 0.08, The yearly interest rate.
Time of
day
21. (a) Potential energy, E (J)
0800

0830

0900

0930

1000

1030

20

12. (a) 50 km (b) 42.86 km h –1

15
13. 33.3 m s –2

14. (a) Express bus X starts the journey at 0900, 10

after travelling half an hour for a distance of
60 km, it comes to a stop for half an hour, 5
it resumes its journey and take another
1 Height, H (m)
1 hours to reach the destination by 1130. 0
2 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

80 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

 (b) 10 J m–1, The rate of increase of energy with (d)
Acceleration (m s–2)
the height or The gravitational acceleration,
g, of the Earth 10

5
Test Yourself 46.2 0 Time (m)
6 12 20
–5
1. (a) The distance travelled in the duration.
(b) The total expansion in the duration. –10
(c) The energy of the work done.
2. (a) 120 unit2 (b) 325 unit2
Mastery Practice 46
(c) 104 unit 2

1. (a) 15 m s–1 (b) 30 m s–1 (c) 15 m s–1

3. v = 12
2. (a) u = 10 (b) 4.5 m s–1
4. t = 12
3. (a) 3 seconds (b) 4 m s–1
5. u = 10
(c) t = 14
6. (a) 1.5 km (b) 3 km (c) 31.5 km
4. (a) 1 hour (b) 55.56 km h–1
7. (a) 35 m (b) 260 m (c) (i) 50 km (ii) 1.5 hours
8. (a) 45 km (b) t=3 5. (a) 60 km h–1 (b) 56 minutes
9. (a) v = 15 (b) 6.33 m s–1 6. (a) 2 minutes (b) 38.4 km h–1
10. (a) 3 km (b) 12 km 7. (a) 10 km (b) 1.25 km min–1
(c) t = 20
11. t = 15 (d) Speed (km m–1)

12. (a) 8s (b) –2.75 m s –2

2
(c) 8.5 m s–1
13. (a) 30 minutes (b) 60 km h–1
1
(c) T = 1100
14. (a) 60 minutes (b) 0945
(c) 80 km h–1 Time
0 (min)
(d) Speed (km h–1) 4 8 12 16 20

200
160
8. (a) 8 minutes (b) 1.25 km min–1
120 (c) t = 42
80
40 9. (a) –1018.5 m s–2
Time of (b) (i) 8 km (ii) 12 km
day
0900

0930
0945

1030

1100

10. (a) Speed (m s–1)

40
15. (a) u = 12 (b) 13.8 m s–1
30
16. (a) – 0.5 m s–2 (b) T = 13 s 20
(c) Acceleration (m s–2) 10
0 Time (s)
10 20
1
0 Time (s) (b) –3 m s–2 (c) 18.9 m s–1
8 13
–1 (d) Distance (m)

–2 450

–3 300

17. (a) 6 km (b) 24.83 km (c) 74.5 km h–1 Time (s)
0 10 20

Answers 81
11. (a) –2.5 m s–2 (b) v = 10 m s–1 24. (a) 12 s (b) – 6 m s–2 (c) v = 18
12. (a) 10 seconds 25. (a) 9.84 m s–1 (b) –2 m s–2 (c) v=8
13. (a) 2<t<6 (b) 2ms –2
26. (a) 0.5 m s –2 (b) 700 m (c) 50 s
(c) 16 m
(d) ms –2
27. (a) (i) 18 m s–1 (ii) –1.8 m s–2
(b) v = 12
3

2 28. (a) 10 m s–1 (b) 5 m s–2 (c) m = 10

1
29. (a) 7s (b) – 6 m s–2 (c) 10 m s–1
t (s)
0 2 4 6 8 10 30. Distance (km)

14. (a) 0.5 m s–2 (b) t = 60 270

(c) Acceleration (m s–2) p= 190

0.6
0.5

0.4 0 Time (min)

65 q = 115 192
0.3
0.2 (b) 84.375 km h–1
0.1
Time (s)

0 20 40 60 80 100 Chapter 47 Function Notation
15. (a) 7 seconds (b) – 4 m s–2 Flashback
(c) u=8
1. (a) y=7 (b) p=2
16. (a) 100 m (b) 16.67 m s–1
(c) t = 15 2. (a) x = –17, y = 8 (b) x = –3, y = 4

17. (a) 8.8 m s–1 (b) T = 20 Test Yourself 47.1

18. (a) 41 m (b) u = 11 1. (a) A = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19}
40 m (b) B = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16}
19. (a) 12 m s–1 (b) v= (c) C = {2, 4, 6, ...}
s
(c) 2 m s–2
(d) Distance (m) 2. (a) (i) zone codes of telephone lines /
S according to countries C
1300
Malaysia 60
900
Singapore 65
150 Thailand 66
Time (s)
0 15 40 60
(ii) {(Malaysia, 60), (Singapore, 65),
20. (a) 5 minutes (b) 30 m min–1 (Thailand, 66)}
(c) d = 750 m (iii) 66
Set C

65
21. (a) 14 m s–1 (b) 2 m s–2
60
(c) t = 15
Malaysia

Singapore

Thailand

22. (a) 15.57 m s–1 (b) –2.67 m s–2

(c) v = 22

23. (a) 12 m s–1 (b) 4 m s–2 (c) T=7 Set S

82 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

 (b) (i) P power of 2 Q Images = 2, 3, 5;
Range = {2, 3, 5}
4 16
(c) Many-to-one relation;
5 25
Domain = {triangle, rectangle, rhombus};
6 36 Codomain = {3, 4};
Objects = triangle, rectangle, rhombus;
(ii) {(4, 16), (5, 25), (6, 36)} Images = 3, 4;
Range = {3, 4}
(iii) 36
(d) One-to-many relations;
Set Q

25
Domain = {Awang, Rosiah];
16 Codomain = {cycling, fishing, reading};
Objects = Awang, Rosiah;
4 5 6
Set P Images = cycling, fishing, reading;
Range = {cycling, fishing, reading}

(c) (i) N types of numbers T 6. (a) Many-to-many relation

(b) (i) positive, even
6 odd
(ii) – 4
3 even (iii) Range = {positive, negative, even}
2 prime 7. (a) x, y
(b) Range = {e, g}
(ii) {(6, even), (3, odd), (3, prime), (c) Many-to-one relation
(2, even), (2, prime)}
(iii) odd Test Yourself 47.2
Set T

even
1. (a) Yes; It is a many-to-one relation.
prime (b) No; It is a one-to-many relation.
(c) Yes; It is a one-to-one relation.
6 3 2
Set N
(d) No; It is a many-to-many relation.

1
2. (a) f : x → x2 (b) f:x→ ,x≠0
3. (a) Domain = {1, 3} x
Codomain = {3, 6, 9, 18}
3. (a) (i) Many-to-one relation
(b) 3, 6 (c) 1, 3
(ii) f : x → x2
(d) {3, 6, 18}
(b) (i) One-to-one relation
4. (a) Many-to-many relation (ii) f : x → 4x
(b) Many-to-one relation 4. (a) 3 (b) –1, 1
(c) Many-to-one relation
(d) One-to-one relation 5. (a) Domain = {1, 2, 3, 4}
(e) One-to-many relation Range = {4, 6, 8, 10}
(f) One-to-one relation (b) Domain = {x : 0° < x < 180°};
Range = {f (x) : 0 < f(x) < 5}
5. (a) One-to-one relation;
1 1
Domain = {1, , };
2 4 6. (a) f(x)
Codomain = {1, 2, 3, 4}; 2.5
1 1 2
Objects = 1, , ;
2 4 1.5
Images = 1, 2, 4; 1
Range = {1, 2, 4} 0.5
x
(b) Many-to-many relation; 0 2 4 6
Domain = {6, 15}; Range = {1, 1.5, 2, 2.5}
Codomain = {2, 3, 5};
Objects = 6, 15;

Answers 83
 (b) g(x) 12. 6
8 13. –6
3 1
1 2 3 14. (a) m= , n = –4 (b) 14
x 2
0
–2 2
15. (a) a = 3, b = –2 (b)
–7 3
Range = {–7, –2, 3, 8} 16. (a) p = 4, q = 1 (b) 11
(c) h(x)
Test Yourself 47.3
h(x) = sin x + 2
3
1. (a) y = 6x + 5
2
(b) z = –17 – 24x
(c) fg : x → 23 – 24x; gf : x → –17 – 24x

0
x 2. (a) fg (x) = 4x + 3; gf(x) = 4x + 12; f 2(x) = x + 6;
90° 180°
g 2 (x) = 16x
Range = {h(x) : 2 < h(x) < 3}
(b) fg(x) = 6x + 1; gf(x) = 6x – 3; f 2(x) = 9x – 8;
(d) f(x) g 2(x) = 4x + 3
3 7 11 – 8x
f(x) = 3 sin x (c) fg(x) = , x ≠ ; gf(x) = ,
1 10x – 7 10 2x + 1
3(2x + 1)
x ≠ – 1 ; f 2(x) = , x ≠ – 7 ; g2(x)
2 2x + 7 2
= 25x – 24
9
x (d) fg(x) = 2 + 4, x ≠ 0; gf(x) = – 2 3 ,
0 90° x x +4
f 2(x) = x4 + 8x2 + 20; g 2(x) = x
Range = {f(x) : 0 < f (x) < 3}
(e) g(x) 3. (a) fg : x → 2x 2 + 5
(b) gf : x → 4x 2 – 12x + 13
2 (c) g 2 : x → x 4 + 8x 2 + 20
1
x
4. (a) m = 1, n = 7 (b) –13
–2 –1 0 1 2
–1
5. (a) m = –2, n = 8
8
–2 (b) gf : x → ,x≠– 2
3x + 2 3
Range = {–2, –1, 2} (c) 1.6
(f) h(x) 6. (a) fg : x → 8x + 1 (b) 25
1 (c) Range = {fg(x) : –7 < fg(x) < 33}
7. (a) hg : x → 11 – x (b) 8
(c) 3 1
2
x 8. (a) 1 1 , –2
0 1 3.5 5 2
(b) fg : x → 8x2 + 42x + 55
Range = {1, 5, 9, 13, 17}
(c) 15
7. (a) 7, 3, –1 (b) 2
9. m = –1
4 4
8. (a) , (b) –3 10. (a) m = 1 (b) n = 0.9
5 9
(c) 7; – 36
9. (a) 9, 13 (b) 2
1 11. g : x → 5 – 2x
10. (a) –7, 8 (b)
2 2x – 5
11. –3 12. k : x → 5(x + 2) , x ≠ –2

84 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

13. g : x → 2x – 10 8 1
6. (a) p = – ,q=
5 6
14. g : x → x – 6 2
7 + 5x
(b) (i) q –1(x) =
x–3
15. (a) g : x → x2 + 6 (b) –2, –3 (ii) 3
16. (a) p = 5, q = –6 (b) 327 12 – 3x
7. (a) (i) –1 (ii) g(x) =
2
17. p = 4, q = 3 2
(b) (i) (ii) t = 14
3
18. (a) 4 (b) k = 3 4
8. (a) (i) f (x) = —
x , x ≠ 0 (ii) x = 18
Test Yourself 47.4 (b) (i) 12 (ii) n = 12
9. (a) (i) g(x) = x2 + 6 (ii) x = 2
1. p = 2, q = –1
(b) (i) p = 5, q = –2 (ii) x = –2, –4
2. a = 8, b = – 4
10. (a) (i) 4 (ii) 4
3. 6
5 + 3x
(b) (i) g : x → ,x≠0
5x – 2 px
4. g –1 : x →
3 (ii) m = – 3, 5
6
5. h–1 : x → ,x≠4
4–x 11. (a) (i) 2 (ii) 3
2x – n
6. g –1 : x → ,x≠m x–3
m–x (b) (i) g –1(x) = (ii) h –1(x) = 4x + 4
8–x 2
7. (a) p = –2, q = 8 (b) f –1 : x →
2 12. (a) (i) p = 5, q = – 2 (ii) x=2
8. (a) No (b) Yes
1 1
(c) Yes (d) Yes (b) (i) (ii) –
2 2
6
9. (a) f –1 : x → 5 – ,x≠0 13. (a) m = 2, n = –1; m = – 2, n = 3
x
(b) 2 5 – 2x
(b) (i) f : x → (ii) 3
2x + 5 a
10. (a) f:x→ (b) m=1
m 14. (a) (i) p = 4, q = – 3 (ii) x = –1
5 1 1
11. (a) g:x→n– ,x≠0
x (b) (i) (ii) –
1 5 4 2
(b) n=– ,
2 2 1
15. (a) (i) –16 (ii)
12. (a) 1, 3 (b) – 5, 2 3
5 + 3x
(b) (i) g : x → px , x ≠ 0
Mastery Practice 47 (ii) 4
1. (a) p = –5 1 3
16 16. (a) (i) – (ii) –
(b) (i) fg : x → x – 1, x ≠ 0 3 5
9x + 20
4 1 (b) (i) f  –1g : x → 2(x + 4) , x ≠ – 4
(ii) gf : x → 4x – 1, x ≠ 4 4
(ii) –
2. (a) 1 (b) a = 0, b = 9 5
5
3. (a) 7 17. (a) (i) – 5 (ii) –
2–x 3
(b) (i) h –1(x) = , (ii) 2 x – 30
3 (b) (i) m = 4, n = 6 (ii) (g –1)2(x) = 16
4. (a) –10
4 18. (a) (i) 11 (ii) 31
(b) (i) f –1(x) = 5 – , x ≠ 0
x 1
(ii) 3 (b) (i) (ii) gf (x) = 16x2 + 2
2
5. (a) 1 x–3 x – 16
x 1 19. (a) g –1(x) = 2
(b) g –1h(x) =
8
(b) (i) p (x) =
–1
,x≠
2x – 1 2 (c) f (x) = 8x + 15
3
(ii)
5

Answers 85
 11 2. Mark of students
3. Length of sticks
20. (a) – (b) –2
3 10 10
2
21. (a) (i) 1 (ii) –2 8 8
3

Frequency
Frequency
5 – 2x
(b) (i) f : x → a (ii) 3 6 6

4 4
22. (a) (i) f (4) = 2 (ii) k=6
10 + x 2 2
(b) (i) p = 5, q = –3 (ii) (h –1)2(x) =
9
0 0

20  y  30
30  y  40
40  y  50
50  y  60
60  y  70
70  y  80
27.5
32.5
37.5
42.5
47.5
52.5
Chapter 48 Statistics III Mark

Flashback Length (cm)

4. Hour of revision
1. (a) 20 (b) A (c) 7m

2. (a) 5 (b) 1 20

Frequency density
3. (a) 5 (b) 3.7 (c) 64.4 kg
10

Test Yourself 48.1

0
1 2 3 4
Hour
1. (a) Lower Upper
Time (s) Frequency
boundary boundary
5. (a) Mass of oranges

10 < t , 15 3 10 15
4
Frequency density

15 < t , 20 7 15 20
3
20 < t , 25 9 20 25
2
25 < t , 30 8 25 30
1

30 < t , 35 4 30 35 0
80 100 120 140 160 180 200
35 < t , 40 2 35 40 Mass (g)
(b) 137.2 g
(b) Time taken in a
6. (a) 600
100-metre race
(b) Population of small town P
10

8 90
Frequency

80
Frequency density

6 70
60
4 50
40
2 30
20
0 10
10
15
20
25
30
35
40

0
Time (s) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Age (years)

86 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

 7. (a) (35 < a , 40) years (b) 40 (b) Length of cloths
(c) 10 (d) 8
14
(e) 22
12
8. (a) 90
(b) 0 , m < 5, 5 , m < 10, 10 , m < 15, 10

Frequency
15 , m < 20, 20 , m < 25, 25 , m < 30 8
(c) 15 , m < 20 (d) 18
(e) 16.67 6

9. (a) $600  s < $700 (b) 160 4

(c) 50 (d) 62.5% 2
(e) $643.75
0
10. (a) r = 100 (b) 61 g 11.5 14.5 17.5 20.5 23.5 26.5 29.5 32.5
Length (m)

Test Yourself 48.2 3. (a) 30

(b) 16.03 g
1. (a) Area of zinc sheets (c) 16.5 – 18.5 g
(d) 10.5 – 12.5 g
25
4. (a) 150 (b) 164 – 166 cm
20
(c) 5:2 (d) 164.72 cm
Frequency

15

10 Test Yourself 48.3

5
1. (a) Number of babies born
12 13 14 15 16 17
0 per day
29.5
34.5
39.5
44.5
49.5
54.5
59.5

Frequency 5 4 8 6 3 2
Area (cm2)
Cumulative frequency 5 9 17 23 26 28

(b) Diameter of balls

(b) Cumulative
Age a (years)
50 frequency

a < 10 0
40
Frequency

a < 15 5
30
a < 20 13
20
a < 25 25
10 a < 30 41

0 a < 35 50
2.95
3.45
3.95
4.45
4.95
5.45
5.95

a < 40 54

Diameter (cm)
2. (a) Cumulative
Price x ($)
2. (a) Length l (m) Midpoint Frequency
frequency

10 < l , 13 11.5 0 x < 12 0

13 < l , 16 14.5 10 x < 15 4

16 < l , 19 17.5 6
x < 18 9
19 < l , 22 20.5 9
x < 21 17
22 < l , 25 23.5 5
25 < l , 28 26.5 7 x < 24 23
28 < l , 31 29.5 13 x < 27 26
31 < l , 34 32.5 0
x < 30 28

Answers 87
 (b) Number of books Cumulative Test Yourself 48.4
Frequency
sold per day frequency
20 5 5 1. (a) 13 (b) 1.6
21 10 15 (c) 55 g (d) 28 cm
22 13 28 2. (a) 12
23 8 36 (b) 20
24 3 39 (c) 20
25 1 40
3. (a) 57.5 g (b) 54 g
(c) 59.5 g (d) 5.5 g
3. Score of pupils
(e) 57.5 g
30 4. (a) 169 cm (b) 160 cm
(c) 176 cm (d) 16 cm
25 (e) 176 cm (f) 40
Cumulative frequency

(g) 10
20

5. (a)
15 Distance d Cumulative
Frequency
(m) frequency

10
d < 4.0 0 0

5 d < 5.0 3 3

d < 6.0 7 10
0
1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 7.5
d < 7.0 10 20
Score
d < 8.0 17 37
4. (a) Length l Cumulative Upper class
Frequency
(cm) frequency boundary d < 9.0 14 51

l < 23 0 0 23 d < 10.0 6 57

l < 28 7 7 28
d < 11.0 3 60
l < 33 8 15 33
l < 38 14 29 38
l < 43 18 47 43 (b) Distance of discus

l < 48 8 55 48
60
l < 53 5 60 53
50
Cumulative frequency

(b) Length of crocodiles

40
60
Median
30

50
20
Cumulative frequency

40 10
7.6
30 0
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Distance (m)
20

(c) (i) 7.6 m

10
(ii) 20
(iii) 6.5 m
0
23 28 33 38 43 48 53
Length (cm)

88 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

 6. (a) 4. (a) y
Upper
Cumulative
Mark m Frequency class
frequency 25
boundary

m < 30 0 0 30 20

4 4 35 15
m < 35
10
m < 40 6 10 40
5
m < 45 9 19 45
x
m < 50 14 33 50 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
m < 55 15 48 55
(b) y = 15
m < 60 5 53 60

m < 65 4 57 65 Mastery Practice 48

m < 70 3 60 70 1. (a) 27
(b) Lower Upper
Age a
f Midpoint class class
(b) Mark of students (years)
boundary boundary
60 20 < a , 25 5 22.5 20 25
25 < a , 30 9 27.5 25 30
50
Cumulative frequency

Q3
30 < a , 35 7 32.5 30 35
40
35 < a , 40 4 37.5 35 40
Median 2 42.5 40 45
30 40 < a , 45
23 45 < a , 50 3 47.5 45 50
20
Q1

10
(c) (i) 25 < a , 30 years
(ii) 32.17 years
43 46.5 49 53.5
0
30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 (d) Age of workers

Mark 10

8
(c) (i) 49 (ii) 10.5
Frequency

(iii) 50 (iv) 46.5 6

Test Yourself 48.5 2

0
1. D 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Age (years)
2. A
3. (a) y
2. (a) Class interval m Frequency Midpoint

25 14 , m < 17 1 15.5
20 17 , m < 20 2 18.5

15 20 , m < 23 3 21.5
10 23 , m < 26 5 24.5
5 26 , m < 29 7 27.5
x 29 , m < 32 8 30.5
0
2 4 6 8 10 12
32 , m < 35 4 33.5
(b) y=9
35 , m < 38 2 36.5

Answers 89
 (b) 29 , m < 32 kg (c) 27.59 kg 4. (a) Class interval y Midpoint Frequency

(d) Mass of goats

30 , y < 35 32.5 4
8
35 , y < 40 37.5 7
7
40 , y < 45 42.5 8
6
45 , y < 50 47.5 10
5
Frequency

50 , y < 55 52.5 6
4
55 , y < 60 57.5 5
3

2
(b) $45.35

1
(c) Price of articles

10
0
14 17 20 23 26 29 32 35 38 9
Mass (kg)
8

3. (a) Mark Midpoint Frequency 7

Frequency
30 < m , 35 32.5 4 6

5
35 < m , 40 37.5 6
4
40 < m , 45 42.5 8
3
45 < m , 50 47.5 10
2
50 < m , 55 52.5 7
1
55 < m , 60 57.5 5
0
60 < m , 65 62.5 2 27.5 32.5 37.5 42.5 47.5 52.5 57.5 62.5
Price ($)
(b) (i) 45 < m , 50 (ii) 46.43
(d) The modal class is $(45 , y < 50).
(c) Mark of students

10 5. (a) (11.0 < t , 11.5) s

(b) 11.0 (c) 11.42 s
9

8
6. (a) Class interval l Frequency Midpoint
7
10 < l , 15 0 12.5
Frequency

6
15 < l , 20 3 17.5
5

4 20 < l , 25 7 22.5

3 25 < l , 30 10 27.5

2 30 < l , 35 6 32.5

1
35 < l , 40 4 37.5
0
30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 40 < l , 45 0 42.5
Mark
(b) (25 < l , 30) cm (c) 27.67 cm

90 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

 (d) Length of ribbons (d) x = 49 kg
Frequency
8. (a) Length l (cm) Frequency
Cumulative
10 frequency

9 10 , l <15 2 2
15 , l < 20 3 5
8 20 , l < 25 5 10
7 25 , l < 30 10 20
30 , l < 35 11 31
6
35 , l < 40 7 38
5 40 , l < 45 2 40

4 (b) Length of threads

3 40

2 35

Cumulative frequency
1 30

25
0 12.5 17.5 22.5 27.5 32.5 37.5 42.5
Length (cm)
20

(e) 20 15

7. (a) (i) (50 < m , 55) kg 10

(ii) 53.25 kg
5
(b) 34.5
Upper boundary (kg) Cumulative frequency 0
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
35 0
Length (cm)
40 4
(c) 34.5 cm; 30 threads are less than 34.5 cm.
45 13

50 23 9. (a) Upper Cumulative

Score s Frequency
boundary frequency
55 45
s < 10 0 10 0
60 66 s < 15 2 15 2
65 77 s < 20 3 20 5
s < 25 9 25 14
70 80
s < 30 11 30 25
s < 35 16 35 41
(c) Mass of scouts
s < 40 7 40 48
80 s < 45 2 45 50

70 (b) Score of students

60 50
Cumulative frequency

Cumulative frequency

50 40

40
30
25
30
20
20
10
10
34
49 0
0 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70
Score
Mass (kg)

Answers 91
 (c) (i) 34 (ii) 25 (c) Height of trees

10. (a) Class interval m (kg) Midpoint Frequency 80

30 < m , 35 32.5 5 70

Cumulative frequency
35 < m , 40 37.5 6 60

40 < m , 45 42.5 8 50

45 < m , 50 47.5 10 40

50 < m , 55 52.5 6 30

55 < m , 60 57.5 5 20

(b) 45.13 kg 10

(c) Mass of the pupils

0

135

140

145

150

155

160

165

170
10
Height (cm)
9

8 (d) 149 cm

7
Number of pupils

12. (a)
Class interval a Frequency Midpoint
6
14 < a , 17 1 15.5
5
17 < a , 20 2 18.5
4
20 < a , 23 3 21.5
3
23 < a , 26 5 24.5
2

1 26 < a , 29 7 27.5

29 < a , 32 8 30.5
0 27.5 32.5 37.5 42.5 47.5 52.5 57.5 62.5
Mass (kg) 32 < a , 35 4 33.5

(d) The modal class is (45 < m , 50) kg. 35 < a , 38 2 36.5

11. (a) (i) (150  h  155) cm (b) (29 < a , 32) years
(ii) 153.31 cm
(c) 27.59 years
(b) (d) Age of passengers
Upper boundary (cm) Cumulative frequency
8
135 0
7
140 3
6
145 11
5
Frequency

150 23
4
155 46
3
160 66
2
165 78
1
170 80
0
14 17 20 23 26 29 32 35 38
Age (years)

92 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

13. (a), (c) Times taken for 40 students to complete a class project

Number of ice cream sold vs Temperature

Frequency Density
1.5
100
1.0
98
0.5
96
94 0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
92 Time (min)
90
15. (a), (c)
88
Weight vs Height
86
84 64
62
82
60
Number of ice cream sold

80 58
78 56
54
76 52

Weight (kg)
74 50
48
72 46
70 44
42
68
40
66 38
64 36
34
62 32
60 30
28
58
134
136
138
140
142
144
146
148
150
152
154
156
158
160
56 Height (cm)
54
52 (b) Strong positive correlation
50 (d) 48 kg
48
14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
Chapter 49 Probability
Temperature (°c)

(b) Strong positive correlation Flashback

(d) 82.5 7 1 1
1. (a) (b) (c)
9 30 24
14. (a) 40 4 37
(d) (e)
(b) 7 50
Time t (min) f w f/w 1 1 3
2. (a) (b) (c)
6 4 14
20 , t < 30 5 10 0.5
14 7
(d) (e)
30 , t < 40 10 10 1.0 45 60

40 , t < 50 13 10 1.3
Test Yourself 49.1
9
50 , t < 60 6 10 0.6 1.
10
1 1 1
60 , t < 100 6 40 0.15 2. (a) (b) (c)
3 2 2

Answers 93
 1 9 (c) 0.200 (d) 0.225
3. (a) (b)
10 10 (e) 0.175
2 1 39
4. (a) (b) 1
3 2 2. (a) (b)
8 80
1 5
5. (a) (b) 7
2 12 (c) (d) 0
20
1 1 153 1
(c) (d) 1
2 2 3. (a) (b) (c)
8 200 10
5 3
6. (a) (b) 4. 32
8 4
1 1 5. 60
7. (a) (b)
2 2
3 7 1 6. 20
8. (a) (b) (c)
20 20 20
1 1 7. 25
9. (a) (b)
4 20 1
1 3 8. (a) (b) 3
10. (a) (b) 200
5 5 9. (a) 120 (b) 90 (c) 30
33 13
11. (a) (b) 19 7
50 50 10. (a) ; Less likely (b) ; Least likely
3 30 20
12.
5 41
4 (c) ; Most likely
13. 60
5
3 Test Yourself 49.4
14.
7
3 10 1. {3, 6, 9, 11, 13}
15. (a) (b)
13 13
1 2. {A, E, H}
16. (a) (b) 12
3 3. (a) {(1, H), (2, H), (2, T), (3, H), (4, H), (4, T)}
3
17. (a) (b) 24 (b) {(1, T), (2, H), (2, T), (3, H), (3, T), (4, T)}
4
1 4. {7}
18.
4
7 5. (a) {(1, 3)} (b) {(1, 3), (3, 3)}
19. (a) (b) 72
12
1
6. (a) 1 (b)
Test Yourself 49.2 6
2 1
7. (a) (b)
1. (a) Mutually exclusive and exhaustive 5 5
(b) Neither mutually exclusive nor exhaustive 5 4
8. (a) (b)
(c) Mutually exclusive and exhaustive 9 9
2 1
9. (a) (b)
2. (a) Mutually exclusive and exhaustive 3 6
(b) Neither mutually exclusive nor exhaustive 12 6 9
10. (a) (b) (c)
(c) Neither mutually exclusive nor exhaustive 25 25 25

3. (a) Neither mutually exclusive nor exhaustive Test Yourself 49.5

(b) Neither mutually exclusive nor exhaustive
(c) Mutually exclusive and exhaustive 1. Independent

2 17 14 16
4. (a) (b) 2. (a) (b)
5 25 33 33
11 9 7 1
5. (a) (b) (c) 3.
20 20 10 36
4 8 5 4. 0.04
6. (a) (b) (c)
11 11 11
5. 0.48
Test Yourself 49.3 1 1
6. (a) (b)
4 8
1. (a) 0.208 (b) 0.192

94 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

 12 17 1 7
7. (a) (b) 18. (a) (b)
35 35 64 64
1 9 3 19
8. (a) (b) 19. (a) (b)
10 20 50 50
1 1 7 38
9. (a) (b) 20. (a) (b)
36 12 25 75
10. (a) 0.125 (b) 0.125 (c) 0.375 1 1
21. (a) (b)
4 10
11. (a) 0.216 (b) 0.144
7 2 5
22. (a) (b) (c)
12. (a) 0.144 (b) 0.056 9 3 9
(c) 0.224 (d) 0.336 23. (a) 0.681 (b) 0.002 (c) 0.279
13. (a) 0.512 (b) 0.008 (c) 0.128 24. (a) 0.029 (b) 0.439 (c) 0.016
21 9 9
14. (a) (b) (c) 25. (a) 0.159 (b) 0.090 (c) 0.404
100 25 20
15. (a) 0.414 (b) 0.294 (c) 0.594
Chapter 50 Graphs of Functions
Mastery Practice 49
3 3 Flashback
1. (a) (b)
8 10 1
1. (a) m = –2, c = 3 (b) m= , c = –4
1 1 2
(c) (d) 4
5 8 2. m =
2 3
2 3. (a) y = 2x + 4 (b) y = –3x – 5
2. (a) (b)
15 3
41 1 Test Yourself 50.1
3. (a) (b)
100 5
4. (a) 392 (b) 245 (c) 196 1. (a) x –2 –1 0 1 3 5
y –1 2 5 8 14 20
5. 930
1 (b) x –1 0 1 2 3 4 4.5
6. (a)
3 y 1 6 3 –2 –3 6 16.13
1 1
(b) (i) (ii)
10 5 (c) x –2 –1 0.5 1 3 4 5 6
1
(iii) y –4 –9 –5.25 –1 31 56 87 124
2
3 7
7. 8. 10 2. (a) x –16 –12 –8 –4 0 4 8
8
7 y 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
9. (a) (b) 35
30
2 5 y
10. (a) (b)
5 24 10

11. (a) 0.65 (b) 0.35 9

8
12. 0.42
7
1 5 1x+8
y=—
13. (a) (b) 4
6
3 6
2 1 5
14. (a) (b)
15 5
4
2 1
15. (a) (b) 3
5 3
3 1 2
16. (a) (b)
4 4
1
1 1
17. (a) (b) x
4 2 –16 –12 –8 –4 0 4 8

Answers 95
 (b) x –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 4. y
6
y 11 1 –5 –7 –5 1 11
4
y y = 3 – 2x – x2
2 2
y = 2x + 4x – 5 12
x
10 0
–4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3
8 –2

6 –4

4 –6

2 –8
x
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 –10
–2
–12
–4

–6

–8 5. y
20
y = x3 – 4x + 2
(c) x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 15
y –17 2 9 10 11 18 37
10

y 5
40
x
y = x 3 + 10 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
30
–5
20
–10
10
–15
x
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
–10

–20 6. y
3

3. y 2
10
1 3
y=–
y = x2 – 2x + 1 x
8
x
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
6
–1
4
–2
2
–3
x
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
7. (a) y = –9 (b) x = –1, 3
8. (a) 16 (b) –2.1, 0.5, 1.5

96 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

 9.x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 (f) y

y –4 0 2 2 0 –4
y 0 x
3
2 y = 2 – x – x2 y=––
x
1.6
–2.8 1.8
0.6 1
x
–3 –2 –1.6 –1 0 2
–1.8
Test Yourself 50.2
–2
1. (a) x = 0.2, 4.8
–4
(b) x = – 0.65, 5.65
(c) x = 0.15, 5.75
(a) (i) 1.6 (ii) –1.8
(b) (i) –1.6, 0.6 (ii) –2.8, 1.8 2. (a) x –1 3
10. (a) A linear graph (b) A cubic graph y 12 –4
(c) A quadratic graph (d) A reciprocal graph (b) y
(e) A quadratic graph (f) A reciprocal graph 12
y = x2 – 6x + 5

11. (a) n=3 (b) p = –3 10

8
1 x+
2
12. (a) n = –1, k = y=
2 6
13. (a) y
4
y = x2 – 16
y=2
2

x 5.45 6.6
x
–4 0 0

0.55
0.45
4 –1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
–16 –2

(b) y –4
50 y = 50 – 2x 2
(c) (i) x = 1, 5
x (ii) x = 0.55, 5.45
–5 0 5
(iii) x = 0.45, 6.6
3. (a) x –1 4
(c) y
y –2 23
16 (b) y
y = 2x 3 + 16
x 40
0 y = 2x2 – x – 5
–2
35

30
(d) y
25
y = 125 – x 3
125 20
x
0 5 15

10 y = 2x + 4
(e) y 7.5

6 5
y=–
x
4.15
x
0 x –1.5 0 2.8
–2 –1 1 2 3 4 5
–5

(c) (i) y = 7.5 (ii) x = 4.15

(d) Suitable line is y = 2x + 4; x = –1.5, 3

Answers 97
4. (a) x 3 5 (c) (i) y = 3.25
y 2.7 1.6 (ii) x = –2.75, 1.25
(d) Suitable line is y = x + 6; x = –1.8, 0.85
(b) y
8
7. (a) x 1.5 5
7
y 10.7 3.2
6
(b) y
5 16
16
y=–
4 y = x+ 1 x
14

3 12

2 8 10
1.8 y=– y = 2x
x
1 8
1.55 2.4
x 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
4
(c) (i) y = 1.8 (ii) x = 1.55 2.9
(d) Suitable line is y = x + 1; x = 2.4 2
1.75 2.8
x
5. (a) x –2 1 2.5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
y 10 4 11.1
(c) (i) y = 2.9
(b) y
(ii) x = 1.75
25
(d) Suitable line is y = 2x; x = 2.8
20
y = x3 – 5x + 8
8. (a) x 1 5
15
y 19 –9
y = 2x + 4 y
10 (b)
35
5
–2.9
30
0.6 2.3
x
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 25 y = 11 + 11x – 3x2
–5
20

15
(c) Suitable line is y = 2x + 4; x = –2.9, 0.6, 2.3
10 y=1
0–x

6. (a) x –2 1.5 5

y 5 12 –0.1 4.1
x
–1 0 1 2 3 4 5
(b) y
–5
25
–10

20
y = 2x2 + 3x + 3 (c) x = – 0.8, 4.5
15 (d) Suitable line is y = 10 – x; x = – 0.1, 4.1

y = 10 9. (a) A = –x 2 + 2x + 3
10
(b) x 0.5 2
y=x+6
5 A 3.75 3
3.25

–2.75 –1.8 0.85 1.25

x
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2

98 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

 (c) A (a) 36.75 m
4 (b) 2.9 seconds
3.6

A= –x2 + 2x + 3
3
12. A = 7x – x 2
2
x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
1
–0.25 A 0 6 10 12 12 10 6
x
–1 –0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
A (cm2)
(d) (i) 3.6 cm 2
(ii) 1.25 cm 14
10. (a) 12 A = 7x – x 2
x –2 1 11.8

y 16 7 10

(b) y 8

35 6

4
30
y = 8 – x3
2
25
y = 10x x
0 11.2 2 3 4 5 5.8 6 (cm)
20
(a) 11.8 cm2
15
(b) 1.2 cm,
10 5.8 cm
(c) 12.3 cm2
5
2

–1.5 0.75
x
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 13. x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2
–5
y 0.008 0.04 0.2 1 5 25
–10 (a) y = 11
(b) x = 1.9
(c) (i) y = 2 (ii) x = –1.5
(d) Suitable line is y = 10x; x = 0.75 y

y = 5x
11. (a)t 0 1 2 3 4 25
h 50 47 38 23 2
20
h (m)
50
15
h = 50 – 3t 2
45
11
40 10
36.75
35
5
30
x
25 –3 –2 –1 0 1 1.9
2
20

15

10

t (s)
0 1 2 2.93 4

Answers 99
14. x –2 –1 0 1 2 3 17. y

y 1.78 1.33 1 0.75 0.56 0.42

y = 4x y = 3x y = 2x
y

1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
y = (0.75)x x
1.0 0
0.85
0.8
0.6

 12 
x
0.4 18. (a) y= (b) y = 3x
0.2

 32 
x
x
–2 –1 0 1
1.75
2 3 (c) y=

(a) y = 0.85 (b) x = 1.75

19. A: y = 4(2x), B: y = 4x, C: y = 2(4x)
15. x –2 –1.5 –1 – 0.5 0 0.5 1
Test Yourself 50.3
y 0.22 0.38 0.67 1.15 2 3.46 6
1. x –2 –1 0 1 2
y
y 8 2 0 2 8
7 y = 2(3) x 4
6 Gradient of the curve at the point (1, 2) =
1
5
y =4
4.5
4 y = 2x 2
8
3
7
2
6
1 5
x 4
0 0.4
–2 –1.5 –1 –0.5 0.5 1 3
(1, 2) 4
2
(a) y = 4.5
1
(b) x = 0.4 1
x
–2 –1 0 1 2

16. x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
2. (a) x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
y 8 4 2 1 0.50 0.25 0.125
y 7 2 –1 –2 –1 2 7
1 x y
y=( )
2 (b) y
8
7 y = x2 – 2
7
6
6
5
5
4
4
3
2.8 3
2
2
1
1
x
–3 –2.6 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 x
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
–1
(a) y = 2.8 4
(–1, –1) –2
(b) x = –2.6 –3
2

(c) Gradient of the curve at the point (–1, –1)

4
= – = –2
2

100 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

3. (a) x – 4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 1.5 2 (b) y

y 8 3 0 –1 0 3 5.25 8 15
y = 5 – 6x – 2x 2
(b) 10
y
y = 2x + x 2 (–3, 5)
8
20 5

x
6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
–5
3
4
10
–10
(1, 3)
2 (2, –15)
–15
30
x
0 –20
–4 –3 –2 –1 1 2
–25
–2 3

–30
2
(c) Gradient of the curve at the point (1, 3)
10 –35
=
3
20
(c) (i) Gradient =
3
4. (a) x –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 30
y 28 11 0 –5 –4 3 16 (ii) Gradient = – 2 = –15
(d) (–1.5, 9.5)
(b) y
y = 3x 2 + 4x – 4
30 Mastery Practice 50

25
1. (a) x –2 –1 0 0.5 1.5 2.5 3 4 5
20
y 1 –5 –9 –10.3–11.3–10.3 –9 –5 1
15
(b) y
10 2
y = x 2 – 3x – 9
x
5 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
(–2, 0) –2
x
–4 20 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 –4

–5 –6
–8
–10
3 –10
–12
(c) Gradient of the curve at the point (–2, 0)
20
=–
3 2. (a) x –2 –1 0 0.5 1 2 3 3.5

5. (a) y –2 7 12 13 13 10 3 –2
x –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 2.5 3
y –3 5 9 9 5 –3 –15 –22.5 –31
h = 5, k = 9

Answers 101
 (b) y (c) (i) The straight line is y = 0; x = 0.7, 5.2
14 y = 12 + 3x – 2x 2 (ii) The straight line is y = 2; x = 0.35, 5.65
12 (iii) The straight line is y = –x + 3; x = 0.2,
4.75
10

8
8. (a) x –2 3
6
y –1 –11
4
y
2
20
x
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
10
–2 y = 2x – 3
5
–1 2.2
x
3. (a) Figure 2 –3 –2 0 1 2 3 4
(b) (i) n = 3 (ii) p = –2 –10
4. (a) n = –1, p = –2
–20
(b) y
y = 2x2 – 50 y = –x3 + 5x + 1
–30

x –40
–5 0 5
–50 –50

5. (a) (i) n=2 (ii) c=4

(c) (i) y=5
(b) y
36 (ii) x = –2.1, – 0.15, 2.3
y = 36 – 9x2
(d) The straight line is y = 2x – 3; x = 2.2
x
–2 0 2
9. (a) x –1 4
y 2 –23
6. (a) p = 3, q = 9
(b) y
(b) y
y = 2x3 – 16 5
y=4–x
–0.35 2.7
x 1.35
x
0 2 0
–2 –1 1 2 3 4
–16
–5

7. (a) x 2 5 –10
y –4 –1
(b) y –15
y = x2 – 6x + 4 –16
4
–20
y=2 y = 5 + x – 2x2
2

4.75 –25
x
0 5.65
0.2
0.35

1 2 3 4 5 6
–2 (c) (i) y = –16
y = –x + 3 (ii) x = 2.7
–4
(d) The straight line is y = 4 – x; x = – 0.35, 1.35
–6

102 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

10. (a) m = 13, n = 3 12. (a) x –2 1.5
(b) y y –10 13.3
30 y = 2x2 – 4x – 3
(b) y
25
20 20
y=–
x
20
15
15 10
8 y = 2x – 1
10 y=
–3 5
x+
5.5 10 –2.9 1.35
5 x
3.5
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
x –5
0
2.8

–2 –1 1 2 3 4 5
–5 –10

–15
(c) (i) y = 5.5
–20
(ii) x = – 0.55, 2.6
(d) The straight line is y = –3x + 10; x = 2.8
(c) (i) y=8
(ii) x = 1.35
11. (a) x –1 4 (d) The straight line is y = 2x – 1; x = –2.9, 3.5
y –1 24
(b) y
13. (a) x –2 2.5
45
y= 2x2 –x–4 y –14 9.6
40
(b) y
35
20
y = x3 – 6
30 10
y = –x + 10
25
0 1
x
2.4
20 –3 –2 –1 –2 2 3

15 –10
13
y = 2x + 6

10 –20

5
–30
–1.9
–1.65 2.4 3.1
x
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 (c) (i) y = –2
–5
(ii) x = 1.8
(d) The straight line is y = –x + 10; x = 2.4
(c) (i) y = 13
(ii) x = –1.9, 2.4
(d) The straight line is y = 2x + 6; x = –1.65, 14. (a) x –2 1
3.1 y 2.5 –5

Answers 103
 (b) y 16. (a) m = – 4, n = 2
10
5 (b) y
y=–
x 8
y = x2 + x – 4
6 2

4
1
2 1.6 –2.6 1.6
x
0.8 2.2
x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2
–4 –3 –2 –1.2
–1 0 1 2 3 4
–1
–2
(–2, –2)
y = –2x + 2 –2
–4 6

–6 –3

–8 –4

–10
–5
2

(c) (i) y = 1.6 (ii) x = 0.8

(d) The straight line is y = –2x + 2; (c) x = 1.6 , x = –2.6
x = –1.2, 2.2
(d) Gradient = –3
15. (a) x –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 2.5 3
y –3 5 9 9 5 –3 –15 –22.5 –31
17. (a) x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
(b) f(x) 27 8 1 0 –1 –8 –27

y (b) f (x)
20 30
f(x) = –x3
15 20

10 15
10
(–3, 5)
25 5 x
–3
–2.45
–2 –1 0 1 2 3
35 (2, –8)
x –10
–5 –4 –3 –2
–1.5
–1 0 1 2 3
–5 –20
4 3
–10 –30

–15
(c) (i) x = –2.45
35
–20 (ii) Gradient = –
3
≈ – 11.67
–25

–30 18. (a) m = 8, n = 4, p = –2

y = –2x2 – 6x + 5

–35

25
(c) Gradient of tangent = = 6.25
4
(d) x = – 1.5

104 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

 (b) y (b) s (m)
y = x3 + 5x2 – 8 55
20

50
15 s = 5t + 2t 2
(–3, 10) 10.5 45
10
10
40

3
5
35
x
–5 –4
– 3.5
–3 –2 –1 0 1
1.8
2 30

–5 (2.5, 25)
25
30

–10 20

15

(c) (i) y = 10.5

10
(ii) x = 1.8 2

10 5
(d) Gradient = –
3
≈ –3.33 0 1 2 3 3.1 4
t (s)

30
(c) (i) Gradient = ≈ 15
2
19. (a) x –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 (ii) velocity
y 0.25 0.50 1 2 4 8 16 (d) t = 3.1 s

(b) y 21. (a) p = 2, q = 8

16
y = 2x (b) y
14
16
12 1
y = 2 × 2x
14
10
12
8 1
+
2x
y= 10
6
5.6 (4, 8)
8
10
4
6
6
2
2 4
x
–2 –1 0 1 2 2.25 3 3.3 4 2
2
y = 6 – 2x
(c) (i) y = 5.6
x
(ii) x = 3.3 0 1 2 3 4 5
(d) Equation of straight line : y = 2x + 1
10
Solutions : x = 0, x = 2.25 (c) Gradient = ≈5
2
6 (d) Equation of straight line: y = 6 – 2x; x = 2
(e) Gradient = ≈3
2

20. (a) m = 18, n = 42

Answers 105
Chapter 51 Direct and Inverse Proportion in
Algebraic Terms 1
11. x ∝
z
Flashback 126
12. (a) p = 2 (b) 6
q
1. (a) m=p+3 (b) m=k–q
t Mastery Practice 51
(c) m = 4u (d) m=
h
R = 3 1
2. (a) R = P2 (b) S 1. R ∝ 
T 2.
2
v–u
3. a = 3. 5
t
1
Test Yourself 51.1 4. (a) 2 (b)
3
3 2
1. D varies directly as T. 5. (a) J= e (b) 6
8
D (m)
1
25 6. (a) 3 (b)
20
2
15 7. (a) M = 2s2 (b) 162 g
10
5 8. 14
0 T (s)
1 2 3 4 5 24
9. (a) P= (b) 6 (c) 2
Q
2. y does not vary directly as x. 12
44 10. (a) 12 (b) F= (c) 2
3. (a)
2
L= T (b) C= r (c)
3
p= q
T
3 7 4 648
11. (a) V= (b) 72
4. (a) 7 (b) 16 W2

5. (a) G = 4H 2 (b) 144 12. e = 10, f = 100

2
2 2 2 13. (a) h = r 2 (b) h = 360 (c) r = ±15
6. (a) M= x (b) 10 g 5
3 3
4  14. (a) a = 8bc (b) 936 (c) 6
7. (a) K = L (b) 20.25
3 32
8. 64 15. (a) y= +2 (b) y = 10
x
9. (a) 4 (b) 432 (c) x = 64
3 5
10. (a) h= k (b) l = 3
m 16. p = 8, q = 441 17. f=
2 6
11. (a) b = 8c 2 (b) i ∝ h2 1  1
18. m= n 19. g =
9 2 5
12. (a) (b) y = ±24 1
8
20. R = 27
2
(c) x=
9
Test Yourself 51.2 Chapter 52 Transformation
1. (a) Yes (b) No
Flashback
32 12
2. (a) y= (b) R=
x t
3. (a) 9 (b) 4.5 1.

4. (a) 2.25 (b) 0.6

ABC
1 4
5. 6.
16 27
7. 8 8. x = 3
8 3
9. y = 10. b=
3 8

106 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

 2. (a) 3. (a) (i) 4 units to the right followed by 4
(b) units upwards.
4
(ii) 1 2
4
(b) (i) 2 units to the left followed by 3 units
downwards.
–2
3. y (ii) 1 2
–3
N
5
4
A' (1, 4) (c) (i) 2 units to the right followed by 5 units
3 downwards.
2
2
1
M0 1 2 3 4 5 6
A
x
(ii) 1 2
–5
(d) (i) 5 units upwards.
4. 0
4
y
(ii) 1 2
5
A
3
2
3 –1
1 A' (3, 0)
x
4. A → A' : T = 2 1 2 B → B' : T = 132
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 –5
C → C' : T = – 4 1 2 1 2
D → D' : T = – 4
Test Yourself 52.1
2 2
1. (a)
M
5. AB → A'B' : T = 2 1 2 CD → C'D' : T = –5 1 2
–5 –3
EF → E'F' : T = – 4 1 2 GH → G'H' : T = 142
M'
8 –5
6. A → A' : T = 4 1 2 B → B' : T = 182
(b)
–3 –5
C → C' : T = – 6 1 2 D → D' : T = –11 2
M'

M 7. (a)
3 up

(c) 2 right

M' (b) 2
M up
3 left

(c) 2 right
(d)
3
down

(d) 2 left
M'
3
down
2. (a) True (b) False
(c) False

Answers 107
 –5
8. y (b) 1 2
T = –4
3
A y
2
1 3 B
A'' A'
x 2 A
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
–1 1
x
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
–1
B'
5 6
1 2 1 2
–2
9. (a) OA' = 2 + –3 A'
–3
11
= 1 –1 2
\ A'(11, –1) 2
(c) 1 2
T = –3
–2 –3
(b) 1 2 1 2 OB' = 8 + 6 y

–5
= 1 14 2
3
A B 2
\ B'(–5, 14) 1
x
8 0 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1
(c) 1 2 1 2 OC' = –5 + 4 A' –1
–2
B'

8
= 1 –1 2
\ C'(8, –1) –4
–1 –6
(d) T= 112
(d) 1 2 1 2 OD' = –3 + –7
y
–7
= 1 –10 2 A'
1
x
\ D'(–7, –10) –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
–1 A
–2
3
10. (a) T= 2 1 2 B'
–3
–4
B
y

5 A'
4
4
A
11. (a) 1 2
T = –3
3 B'
2 y
1 B
6
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 5
4
3
2
1
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6

108 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

 –4 Coordinate of image
(b) 1 2
T = –4 = [(–7 + 8), (11 – 15)]
= (2, – 4)
y

–7 –5
1 10 2 = 1 –2 2 + T
4
13.
3
2 –7 –5
1 T = 10 – –2 1 2 1 2
x
–2
1 2
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
–1 = 12
–2
–3 Coordinates of object
= [(8 – (–2), (6 – 12)]
= (10, – 6)
6
(c) 1 2
T= 7 Test Yourself 52.2

y 1. (a) P
7
6
5 A' A
4
3
2
1 Q
x
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 (b)
–1 A
–2 P
–3
–4
–5

Q A'
–5
(d) 1 2
T= 8 (c) A'

3 P Q
2
1
x
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 A
–1
–2
–3
–4 2. (a) P
M M'
–5
–6
–7
–8
–9
N N'

5 –4
1–62 = 1 9 2 + T
Q
12.

5 –4
1 2 1 2
T = – 6 – 9

9
= 1 – 16 2

Answers 109
 (b) N' 4. (a) M
M'
P

M P Q

M'
N
(b) P
(c) M
N

P Q
M M'
N'
M'

3. (a) P
Q

(c) P

A A'
M

Q M'

(b)
B' Q

5. (a)
P Q
A'

B A

(c)
P
C B'

C'

Q (b) A

B'

A'

110 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

 (c) B (b) y

6
5
4
3 p p'
2
B'
1
A
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
A'

(c) y

4
p
3
6. (a)
2
1
x
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
–1
A B –2 p'

(d) y

4
3
p
(b) 2
1
x
A –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
–1
p' –2

8. (a) y
B

7
6
5
4
3
(c) 2
1
A x
0 1 2 3 4 5

(b) y

7
B 6
5
4
3
2
1
7. (a) y p
x
0 1 2 3 4 5
6
5 9. (a) (–2, 6) (b) (6, 2)
4 (c) (4, 3) (d) (0, 2)
3
2
(e) (2, 4)
1 p' 10. (a) (2, –6) (b) (–2, 6)
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 (c) (–2, 4) (d) (8, – 6)
(e) (7, 3)

Answers 111
11. (a) A reflection in the line passing through 14. (a) and (b)
(3, 4) and parallel to the x-axis.
(b) A reflection in the line passing through y

(–1, 1) and parallel to the y-axis. 6

(c) A reflection in the line passing through C 5 C'
(1, –3) and (5, 1). 4
(d) A reflection in the line passing through A' 3 F A
(6, 1) and (2, 5).
2
1
12. (a) (6, –3) (b) (– 4, 2) E' E
x
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
–1
D –2 D'
13. (a) P
–3
B' –4 B
M M
–5
–6

Q 15. (a)
y

(b) 8
M 6
Q
R S 4
M 2
x
0 2 4 6 8
–2
(c) –4 Q'
M –6
T
–8
M

(b)
y

U 7
6
(d) 5
V
4
M 3
Q' Q
2
1
M x
W –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4

(c)
y

7
y=x
6
5
4 Q
3 Q'
2
1
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

112 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

Test Yourself 52.3 (c) A

1. (a) Yes (b) No

(c) Yes (d) Yes
2. (a) A'

60°
O
O

(d)
(b) A'

60° A
O

(c) (e)

O
A'

(d)
0°
18
O

O A

3. (a) A
4. (a) P'

Q'

O
A'

(b) A'
Q

Answers 113
 (b) P Q (c) y
5
A
4
3
O 2
1
x
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6
Q' –1
–2
A' –3
(–5, –2)
–4
–5
–6

6. (a) A
P'

(c)
O
Q P'

A'

P Q'
(b) A'

5. (a) y
O
5
4 A
3
2
1 A
x
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6
–1 (c) A
–2
–3 A' (4, –3)
–4
–5
–6
A'

(b) y
60°
5
4 A
O
A' (–4, 3) 3
2
1 (d) A'
x
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6
–1
–2
–3
–4
–5
–6 60°
O A

114 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

 (e) 8. (a) y
5
4 A
A' 3
2
1
0° x
18 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6
–1
O –2
–3 A' (4, –3)
–4
–5
A –6

(b)
7. (a) P'
y
5
4 A
A' (–4, 3) 3
2
1
Q' x
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6
–1
P –2
–3
O –4
–5
–6

Q (c) y
5
(b) P Q 4
A
3
2
1
x
O –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6
–1
–2
A' –3
Q' (–5, –2)
–4
–5
–6

9. (a) y
P' 6
5
4 A (2, 4)
(c)
3
Q P' 2 B (4, 2)
1
x
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6
–1
O –2 A'
–3
–4 B'
–5
–6
P Q'

Answers 115
 (b) y 11. (a) B'
6
B' 5 A A'
4
3 O
A' 2 B A
1
x
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6 B
–1
–2
–3
–4
–5 (b)
–6 B A'

(c) y

6 O
5 A
4
3 A B'
2 B
B' 1 (1, 1)
x
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6
–1
–2 A'
12. (a) Q R
–3
–4
–5
–6
P O P'

10. (a) y
R' Q'
A B
4

2 C
(b) R'

x
–2 O 2 4 6
–2 A'
Q
P'
O
–4 B'
C' P
Q'

(b) y
R
5 C'
4 B'
A' 3
2
A
1
C
Mastery Practice 52
x
–2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5 6
–1 B
1. A

A
(c) y
B
3 C
B
2 B
C
1 C
A x
–3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5
–1
–2 A'
(1, –1)
–3 C'
–4 B'

116 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

2. P 8. y
M
(0, 6) C' 6 C
A' 5 A
(–2, 5) 4
3
2
M 1
Q x
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
B –1 B' (2, –1)
–2
3. P C
B
(a) The coordinates of Point A' are (–2, 5).
D The coordinates of Point B' are (2, –1).
B (b) The coordinates of the image of Point C are
A
(0, 6).
9. y
D A
4
C
Q 2

Q x
4. –4 –2 O 2 4
P
–2

–4
R
S

S P 10.
K L

Q K
M
L
R
N
M N
5. (a) y

6
5 11. (1, 2)
4 P' Q
3 12. (a) K L
2 P
1
Q' M
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 K
L O M
(b) The coordinates of Q' are (1, 0).

6. (a) Reflection in the x-axis. (b)

(b) The coordinates of the image of
Point H are (2, 4). R

7. (a) y O
7
6 K' L
(2, 5)
5 R
4
y =3
3
2 13. (a) (i) Clockwise
1
K (2, 1) L'
x
(ii) (3, 5)
0 1 2 3 4 5

(b) The coordinates of the image of

(b) A translation 1 ––75 2
Point (2, 5) are (2, 1).

Answers 117
14. y (a) (i) The coordinates of M are (0, –1).
(ii) The angle of rotation is 90°.
6 O (1, 5) A
5
B (iii)The direction of rotation is
4 clockwise.
3 (b) The coordinates of A" are (5, 1).
2 A'
1
0
–1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
x 19. (a) A translation 1 –56 2
B' (1, –1)
–2

(a) The coordinates of the centre of rotation O

(b) A translation 1 –8
–4 2
are (1, 5).
(b) The coordinates of the image of Chapter 53 Vectors in Two Dimensions
Point B are (1, –1).
Flashback
15. y
1. (a) p and q are equal.
A 3 ~ ~
2 P (b) r and s are not equal.
~ ~
O1 (c) t and u are not equal.
x ~ ~
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 →
–1 2. PQ = – m
Q –2 A' (1, –2) ~
–3 →
RS = –2 m
~
(a) The angle of rotation is 180°. → 5
UT = m
The centre of rotation is (–1, 0). 3 ~
(b) The coordinates of the image of
Point A are (1, –2).
Test Yourself 53.1

16. 1. ~
a = 3i~ + 2j b = –6i~ – 2j
y ~ ~ ~
c = –i – 5j d = 4i + 2j
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1
x ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
e = ~i – 2j ~f = –2i~ + 3j
–1
A –2 C' ~ ~ ~
C –3 B g = –4i~ + j h = 3i~ + 3j
(–4, –3) –4 ~ ~ ~ ~
2. (a) 3i~ + 5j (b) 4i~ – 13j
(a) The anticlockwise rotation of 90° about the ~ ~
point (–2, 0). (c) –10i~ + 9j (d) ~i – 7j
~ ~
(b) The coordinates of C are (– 4, –3).
1 –5
17. y
3. ~a=
3 1 2 b=
~ –2 1 2
4 –2
1 2 1 2
Q
~c = –3
3 d=
P 2
P' ~ 2
R S'
5 3
1 S
–1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
R' Q'
x e=
~ –2 1 2 ~f = –5 1 2
–1 O (2, –1) –3 5
g=
~ –6 1 2 h=
~ 1 1 2
(a) The value of x is 90°.
(b) The coordinates of O are (2, –1). –3 9
4. (a) 182 (b) 152
18. 7 –4
y
B
(c) 1 –8 2 (d) 182
3
2
A C A'' (5, 1) 5. (a) 74 units (b) 116 units
1
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 (c) 65 units (d) 145 units
–1 M
–2 (0, –1) A'
–3 (e) 101 units (f) 65 units

118 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

   19
6. |a
~| = 37 units |b
~| = 20 units (c) 1 –6 2
|c 
~| = 29 units |d
~| = 5 units
11. (a) –11i~ + 4j (b) 3i~ + 6j
7. ~ ~
12. (a) –16i~ + 40j (b) – 6i~ + 15j
~ ~
(a) 10 25
(c) – i~ + j
(b) 3 3~
27 6
(c) (d)
13. (a) 1– 45 2 (b) 1 –10 2

1 2
27
(c) 5
–9
8. (a) –r (b) 2r
~ ~ 14. (a) 31i~ + j (b) 793 units
5 3 ~
(c) – r (d) r
2~ 2~ 35
9 5
15. (a) 122 (b) 16 units
9. (a) 1 2
–6
(b) 1 –20 2 →
16. (a) (b) 5m
~ + 3n
PQ ~

1 2
3 17. (a) (i) 16m (ii) –4m – 6n
4 ~ ~ ~
(b) (i) 8m (ii) 8m
(c) (d) 1 – 0.2
2 ~ ~ + 6n
~
1 0.8
– 18. (a)
2 b
~
a+b
~ ~

a
Test Yourself 53.2 ~

(b)
1. b
~
a+b
(a) ~ ~
(b) a
~

(c)
(c)
b
~
a+b
~ ~
35 a
2. (a) 13x (b) m ~
~ 3 ~
3. (a) 37v
~ (b) 185 units
7 → → 1
4. v ; 17.5 units 19. PR = 2a
2~ ~ + 3b
~; PT = 2 (2a
~ + 3b
~)
81 → → →
5. a 20. (a) PS (b) PS (c) PU
5 ~
6. (a) 3i~ + 10j (b) 7i~ + 2j 21. (a) (b) 0~
~ ~
(c) 11i~ + 5j
~
8 0 –2
7. (a) 142 (b) 1 –3 2 (c) 152 (c)

8. 3i~ + 3j
~
9. (a) 8i~ – 21j (b) –5i~ + 19j
~ ~
(c) –3i~ + 2j
~
–20 1
10. (a) 1 16 2 (b) 1 –10 2 22. (a) (i) 5b
~ (ii) 4a
~ – 5b
~
→
(b) 2RQ

Answers 119
 → → → → → →
4 6. ST and RQ , PS and SR , PT and TQ .
23. (a) 3m
~ –~n (b) (3m – n)
7 ~ ~ →
1 7. MN = 10p
(c) (9m + 4n
7 ~ ~) ~
1 →
24. (a) 6m p= MN
~ + 8n (b) 6m
~ ~ – 8n
~ ~ 10
(c) 12m
~ – 8n
→
~ NR = –2p
~
Test Yourself 53.3 1 →
= –2( MN )
→ → → → 10
1. (a) SP = RQ (b) ST = TQ 1 →
→ → → → = – MN
(c) PQ = SR (d) TP = RT 5
→ →
2. (a) False (b) True MN = – 5NR
(c) True (d) True → →
\ MN and NR are parallel.
21 1
3. m = 3; n = or 10 Since N is a common point, hence M, N and R
2 2
are collinear.
5 –2
1 2
→ →
4. (a) (i) PQ =
3 1 2 (ii) QR = 3
8. (a)
→
PQ = 6u
–5 –2 ~
1 2 1 2
→ → →
(iii) RS = –3 (iv) PS = 3 (b) RQ = – 8u
~
→ → → → 4 5
(b) PQ = SR , PS = QR or 9. m = – , n =
→ → → → 3 3
QP = RS , SP = RQ
5 11
→ 10. u = – ,v=
5. (a) PQ = 5 v 3 4
~
1→ 11. p = –14
v = PQ
~ 5 12. n = 3
→ 1
SR = – v 113
3~ 13. (a) m= , n = –30
5
1 1→
= – ( PQ ) (b) 12 ~i – 9 j
3 5 ~
1 → 14. m = 9
= – PQ
15 4
15. (a) ~i + 5j (b) – ~i – 4j
a = lb ~ 5 ~
~ ~ 34
→ → (c) i~ – 3j
\ PQ and SR are parallel. 5 ~
→ → → 8
(b) MN = 5 a 16. (a) AB = –10~i – 4j (b) OC = – 4i~ – j
~ 5~
~ → 13 → 7
1 → (c) AC = –12i~ – j (d) BC = –2i~ + j
a = 5 MN 5~ 5~
~
→
RS = 4 a 17. (a) 6b
~ – 4a (b) 2a
~ ~ ~ – 3b
~
(c) 2a
~ + 3b (d) 2b
1 → ~ – 4a
= 4 MN
5 1 2 ~ ~
20 35
4 → 18. (a) – s (b) s– 7r~
= MN 11 ~ 11 ~
5
7 10 7 45
2 → (c) r – s (d) r + s
→ 2~ 11 ~ 2~ 11 ~
PQ = – RS
3
3 4
2 4 → 19. (a) (i)5p + 10mq (ii) p+ q
= –
3 5
MN 1 2 ~
2 3
~ n~ n~
(b) m= ;n=
3 5
8 →
= – MN
15 20. (a) (i) 3r~ (ii) 3r~ – 5p
~
a = lb 15 15
~ ~ (iii) p (iv) p + 6r~
→ → 4 ~ 4 ~
\ MN and PQ are parallel.

120 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

 15 8 9
(b) (i) hp + 6hr~ (ii) 5(1 – k)p + 3kr~ (b) m= ,n=
4 ~ ~ 11 11
8 4 (c) 43.08 units
(c) k= ,h=
11 11
16. (a) 8m (b) 48 units
(d) 99 unit2 ~
17. (a) (i) 30q – 15p (ii) 15p + 6q
~ ~ ~ ~
Mastery Practice 53 (c) 75 units

5 4
18. (a) (i)
– 4x x + 2y
~ + 3y (ii)
1. (a) m = – 4, n =
3 ~ 3~ ~
(b) (i) 12p + 8q (ii) 15p + 10q 3 1
~ ~ ~ ~ (b) m= ,n=
4 4
2. (a) m = 6, n = 5 16
19. (a) (i) 6y – 4x (ii) x – 2y
3 12 ~ ~ 3 ~ ~
(b) (i) ~b– ~ a (ii) a+b 1 1
5 5 ~ ~ (b) h= ,k=
9 3 3 2
3. (a) m= ,n=– (b) 36 units → →
20. (a) EB = 3a – ~ , DC = –b ~ + 15a
2 2 b
~ ~
4. (a) (i) 9m – 6n (ii) 6m
~ ~ ~ + 2n
~ (b) (i) (4 + 3p)a ~ – pb
~
18 9 1 1
(ii) 15qa
(b) (i) x + y ~ – qb~;p= 3 ;q= 3
5 ~ 5~
→ 21. (a) (i) –8x ~ + 24y (ii) 6x
5. (a) (i) a+~
~ b – ~c + ~
d (ii) QS ~ ~ + 6y
~
(b) 7i~ + 5j (b) 1:2
~
6. (a) m = –1, n = 2 22. (a) (i) –10y + 20x (ii) 10y + 10x
~ ~ ~ ~
(b) a = 1, b = 3 1
(b)
3
11 12
(c) (i) 1 –13 2 (ii)
13
23. (a) (i) 2a
~ + 2b
~ (ii) –3a
~ + 3b
3
~
1
–1 (b) 21 units (c) m= ,n=
4 2
7. (a) 122 24. (a) (i) 3(–5x
~ + 8y ) (ii) 25x
~ ~ + 5y
~
(b) (i) 5i~ + (3 + h)j (ii) h = –15, 9
~
(c) m = 2, k = 21 Specimen Paper 1 Core
8. (a) 12i~ + j
~ 9 1. (a) Forty-two thousand and eighty-five
(b) (i) (–2, –3) (ii)
2 (b) 78 409
p+7
9. (a) 1 6
2 (b) 1, –15
2. –1, –
6
,–
13 5 4
, ,
7 18 4 3
6 3
10. (a) m= ,n= (b) 3:4 3. (a) 16 or 64 (b) 16 or 64
7 7
11. (a) (i) 6y – 3x (ii) (c) 5
~ ~ ~x + 6y
~
1
(b) 4. (a) 6 (b) 400
3
12. (a) (i) 4v (ii) 2u
~ ~ – 4v
~ 5. (a)
(iii) –2u~
(b) –2u~ + 28v
~
13. (a) 6y – 5x (b) 3.2 units
~ ~
3
14. (a) (i) p – 8q (ii) p + 2q Number of axis of symmetry = 3
~ ~ 4~ ~
3 1
(b) m=– ,n=– (b) Order of rational symmetry =
2 2
20 15 6. (a) HCF = 14 (b) LCM = 24
15. (a) (i) x – 8y (ii) x + 2y
3 ~ ~ 2~ ~
7. (a) 82 (b) 94 or 70

Answers 121
 8. $552 Specimen Paper 2 Extended
9. $122.50
1. (a) 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24
10. R (b) 540
4.5 cm 6.0 cm 2. (a) 970 000 (b) 14.4

3. 1.5
P Q
7.5 cm
4. (a) 360 (b) 50
19 1
11. (a) (b) – 1
24 16 5. 7
5
12. (a) 30 000 (b) 0.0036
6. 1700
13. 72 7. 3.5 kg
14. (a) 2 y 8. 5.10 p.m.
3
9. x = 34º, y = 78º
15. p = 9.75 cm, q = 4.5 cm
5a – 24
3 1 10. b=
16. (a) (b) 6
7 2
11. (a) ∠CAB = 65º (b) ∠BAC or ∠CAB
17. 30 cm
(c) DF (d) BC = 10.65 cm
18. (a) p8 (b) p–6 (c) m16 n10
12. (a) m = 3, 4, 5
19. x = 13 (b) y
y=x
20. 4x – 20x + 25
2 5 y=5

21. z = 12 cm
22. x = 28.1º
x
0
5x+y=5
23. (a) Time t (m) 10 20 30 40 50 60
Cumulative 13. (a) 27 (b) 54
4 9 18 29 40 48
frequency
14. (a) 120 cm (b) 576 cm2
(b) Amount of travelling time required 15. (a) 50 cm (b) 150 cm2
50 16. (a) M
N R
45

40

35
Cumulative frequency

(b) (P ∩ R)' ∩Q '

30
17. (a) –1 + 4x – x 2 (b) –2q – 3q 2
25
x–1
18. (a) (i) fg(x) = 10x – 7 (ii) f –1(x) =
20 2
(b) n = –14
15
19. (a) 14 cm (b) 3416 cm3
10 → → → →
20. (a) (i) QS // RT (ii) PS // ST
5 → → →
(b) (i) AB = 8h (ii) |AB + DC | = 112
~
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 21. (a) Weight:
Time (m) x̄ = 46.8 kg

(c) 35 Range = 18 kg

122 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

 Waist circumference: (ii) ξ M N
x̄ = 20.7 cm
Range = 7 cm
(b)(c)

60 4. (a) 6x – 7y (b) – 4x + 6
(c) (i) x = –7 (ii) x = –2 (iii) x = 3
55
(d) y=8
50
49 (e) a box of chocolate = $9
Weight (kg)

45 a packet of sweets = $4
40
39 5. (a) (i) 38º (ii) 30º (iii) 73º
35
(b) x = 100º, y = 150º
30 (c) (i) right angle (ii) acute angle
25 (iii) reflex angle
(d) x = 32 (e) 60 cm
20
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 21.6 22 23
Waist circumference (cm) 6. (a) h=6
(d) (i) 21.6 cm (ii) 39 kg (b)
(e) Positive correlation

22. (a) v = 100 kmh–1 (b) Distance = 30 km

(c) Average speed = 52 km/h

(c) 36 cm3
Specimen Paper 3 Core
7. (a) – 4.5, –1.5
1. (a) (i) 2 300 000 VND (b) & (c)
(ii) 1 040 000 Indonesian rupiah y
(b) (i) 18ºC (ii) 17ºC
1.2 1.6 10.3
x
(c) (i) 2200 (ii) 1835 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
(d) (i) $72 (ii) $3377.70 –2
–2.2 y = – 18
x
–4
2. (a) 87 045 (b) –2
3 –6
(c) (i) (ii) 25% y = x – 12
4
3 –8
(d) 0.1, 47%,
4 –10
(e) 0.6 (f) 5m7
(g) 6 (h) 17 –12

–14
3. (a) (i) 13 (ii) 8 (iii) 1
–16
(b) (i) 1.28 × 109 (ii) 3 × 108
(c) (i) –18
ξ P Q
–20
20 18 9
10

7 15 13
(c) (i) y = –2.2 (ii) x = 1.2

(d) x = 1.6, 10.3

Answers 123
 (b) (i) 2m2 + m – 9 = 0 (ii) 1.886 hours
8. (a) (i) Translation 1 –10
2 2 (iii) 189 km/h
(ii) Clockwise rotation of 180º about the
origin 88 2
11. (a) A= r (b) 3.5 cm
7
(iii) Reflection in the x-axis
(c) A
(b) Triangle V
y
10
8 (b)
R 6 V
r2
4 S 0

2
x
– 10 – 8 – 6 – 4 – 2 0 2 4 6 8 10
12. (a) x=7 (b) 0 (c) 4
–2
–4 13. (a) (i) 54 marks (ii) 24 marks
Q –6
T (b) 60 marks
–8
(c) (i)
– 10

1 1 3 1 10
9. (a) (i) (ii) (iii) or 9
6 3 6 2
19 8
(b) (i) x = 18 (ii) y = 20 (iii)
80 7

Frequency density
11 57 6
(iv) (ii)
40 80 5
10. (a) (i) T4 = 37 (ii) Tn = 2n 2 + (n + 1)
4
(iii) n = 8 3
(b) (i) –11 (ii) 94 2
1

Specimen Paper 4 Extended 0 20 40 60 80 100

Mark (m)
1. (a) 6.16 × 108 (b) 1.35 × 10–3
–4 (ii) 350 pupils (iii) 57.5 marks
2. x =
7
3. b  – 6 14. (a) x 7 9
4. 3pq(q – 2 p) y 1.5 1.2

5. 6 f 3 (b) y
13
6. –1 + 4x – x 2 12
11
7. y  3 10
y = 6x – 3
9
yx–2 8
3 7
y– x 6
2 5
8. (a) (i) 30.43% (ii) $22.38 (iii) $82.14 4
3
(b) US$234.78 2
1
x+7 x
9. (a) x=5 (b) f –1 (x) = 1.3
4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
(c) fg(x) = 24x – 3 (d) fg(2) = 45
450 2
10. (a) V= (c) –
m 3
(d) (i) y = 6x – 3 (ii) x = 1.3

124 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics

15. (a) 5y + 4x (b) 5y – 4x 19. (a) QS = 43.11 cm (b) 600 cm2
~ ~ ~ ~
(c) 10 y – 4 x (c) Let PQR = base of PRS
~ ~
–11 and h = height of PRS
(d)
→
(i) AB =
2 1 2 (ii) k = 9, k = –15
1
Area of PQS =
× 45 × h
16. (a) Volume = 2000 cm 3 2
πr 2h = 2000 45h
=
2000 2
h = 1
πr 2 Area of QRS = × 30 × h
Surface area of container, A 2
= 2πr 2 + 2πr h = 15h
45h
= 2πr 2 + 2πr 1 2000
πr
2 2 2 45 3
Ratio : = =
4000 15h 30 2
= 2πr 2 +
r
∴ Ratio is 3 : 2
dA 4000
(b) = 4πr – 3
dr r2 20. (a) – (b) RS = 25 (c) Q(–20, 25)
4
For minimum cost, the surface area should 21. (a) (i) The bearing of B from A = 090º
be minimum. (ii) The bearing of C from B = 202. 62º
dA (iii) 5 km
=0
dr (b) (i) h = 74.61 m (ii) θ = 36.73º
4000
4πr – =0
r2 22. (a) coordinate of P(0, –5)
4000 (b) k = – 6, n = –14
4πr =
r2
1000 23. (a) Perimeter = 66 cm
r3 = π
(b) 252 cm2
r = 6.828

17. (a)(i) & (ii), b(ii)

y
X (b)(ii)
K 6
5
(a)(i)
4 Q
3 (a)(ii)
2
P R
1
x
0
–4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4
–1 Y
–2 L

(iii) Reflection in the y-axis or the line x = 0

(b) (i) y = – x + 4
(c) y=x+3
18. (a) x 2 = 3x – 10 = 0
(b) x = 10 cm
(c) (i) DC = 10.77 cm
(ii) Perimeter = 46.77 cm
(iii) ∠ACD = 97.73º

Answers 125