EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE BARANGAY

PEACEKEEPING ACTION TEAM IN STRENGTHENING

CRIME PREVENTION INITIATIVES

AL-ASHIF JHON B. SIMBUANGAN

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

OCTOBER 2024
 EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE BARANGAY
PEACEKEEPING ACTION TEAM IN STRENGTHENING
CRIME PREVENTION INITIATIVES

AL-ASHIF JHON B. SIMBUANGAN

Thesis Outline Submitted to the Department of Criminal Justice Education,

College of Arts and Social Science, University of Southern Mindanao,
Kabacan, Cotabato in Partial Fulfilment of the
Requirements for the Degree of

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

OCTOBER 2024
 ii

UNIVERSITY
AL-ASHIF OF B.
JHON SOUTHERN MINDANAO
SIMBUANGAN
Kabacan, Cotabato
Philippines

APPROVAL OF THESIS OUTLINE

Name
Major N/A
Degree Sought BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY
Specialization N/A
Thesis Title EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE BARANGAY
PEACEKEEPING ACTION TEAM IN STRENGTHENING
CRIME PREVENTION INITIATIVES

APPROVED BY THE GUIDANCE COMMITTEE

RICHARD T. CAMARA, PhD ___________________________

Adviser Co-Adviser
______________ _____________
Date Date

_____________________ RICHARD T. CAMARA, PhD

Statistician Department Research Coordinator
______________ _____________
Date Date
MARIZ P. BALQUIN, PhD
Department Chairperson
______________
Date
DATU MODEN C. TALANDIG, MA MARYLN A. RESURRECCION,
PhD,
College Research Coordinator Dean
______________________ ______________________
Date Date
Study No:
Index No: ________________
Recorded by: _____________
RECORDED:
LYDIA C. PASCUAL
Director for Research and Development Office
_________________
Date
Recorded by: __________
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page

PRELIMINARIES

APPROVAL OF THESIS OUTLINE................................................................ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................................................................iii

LIST OF FIGURES.........................................................................................v

LIST OF APPENDICES.................................................................................vi

INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................1

Research Objectives......................................................................................5

Expected Outputs of the Study......................................................................6

Place and Time of the Study..........................................................................6

Scope and Limitations of the Study................................................................6

Significance of the Study............................................................................... 7

Operational Definition of Terms......................................................................8

Theoretical Framework..................................................................................9

Conceptual Framework................................................................................10

Hypothesis of the Study...............................................................................11

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE.............................................................12

BPAT’s Role in Community Policing.............................................................12

Effectiveness of BPAT in Crime Prevention.................................................13

Challenges in BPAT Implementation............................................................13

Challenges in BPAT Operation.....................................................................14

Socio-demographic Factor and Performance..............................................15

METHODOLOGY..............................................................................................16
 Research Design......................................................................................... 16

Respondents................................................................................................16

Sampling Procedure.................................................................................... 17

Research Instrument....................................................................................17

Data Collection Procedure...........................................................................18

Data Analysis Procedure..............................................................................18

Ethical Considerations.................................................................................20

Voluntary Participation.................................................................................20

LITERATURE CITED........................................................................................23

APPENDICES...................................................................................................25

CURRICULUM VITAE.......................................................................................31
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Title Page

1 Conceptual Framework 10
 LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix Title Page

A Application for Research Adviser 26

B Application for Research Title 27

C Estimated Budget for the Research 29

D Application for Thesis Outline Defense 30

 1

INTRODUCTION

A well-organized settlement of native Filipinos known as "barangays"

was found by the Spaniards when they arrived in the late 16th century; the

name barangay is derived from the Malay word balangay, which means

"sailboat." Historically, a barangay is a relatively small community of 50 to 100

families, each of which is governed by a chieftain or Datu leader (Borlaza &

Hermandez, 2021). In addition, the datu is the community's Chief Justice,

Legislator, and Executive. Additionally, it facilitates treaties and truces in

international affairs and serves as the commander in chief of the armed forces

on the battlefield (Manarang, 2011).

The smallest administrative unit is a barangay, which is headed by a

single person known as the barangay chairman (according to the law),

barangay chairperson (GAD Advocates), or barangay captain (street term)

(Viray, 2021). When it comes to creating and carrying out government policies,

programs, and services for the people, the Punong Barangay (Barangay

Chairperson) is essential (Flores, 2019). With the assistance of barangay

councilors, the barangay captain acts as the administrator of one barangay.

His main responsibility is to maintain security, peace, and order within his or

her jurisdiction (Antonio, 2020).

However, this role remains an immense responsibility for one individual,

given the large population and extensive area of each barangay (Goldstein,
 2

2020). To enhance the effectiveness of these duties, the Barangay Captain

has the authority to appoint barangay police officers or members of the

Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team. These appointees monitor the “puroks”

or zones within the barangay and help extend services focused on maintaining

peace, security, and order. Their responsibilities include crime response,

regular patrolling, and identifying potential hazards (Gapangada, 2018).

The Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) was established to

enhance police services within communities. BPAT is a national initiative by

the Philippine National Police (PNP) aimed at empowering communities to

provide immediate response in situations involving peace, security, or rescue

needs (Pajarillo-Guadamor, 2018). Fundamentally, BPAT encourages PNP

members to lead efforts against all forms of criminal activity in their specific

areas, actively involving the community in this mission (Saligan, 2018).

Community leaders play a crucial role in addressing criminality, promoting

safety, and supporting law enforcement in maintaining peace and order within

their barangays.

Barangay Peacekeeping Action Teams (BPAT) play a key role in

maintaining peace and order within barangays across the country, especially

given that police presence cannot cover all areas simultaneously (Vicente,

2019). The Barangay Peacekeeping Operations (BPO) and BPATs, as its

implementers, were established to address issues related to peace, order, and

safety at the grassroots level within barangays (Caliguid, 2019). Through

 3

these efforts, BPAT aims to positively impact citizens' lives in real-time,

directly benefiting the most fundamental and significant unit of the community:

the Filipino family (Demeter, 2022).

The Philippine Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG), in

its Memorandum Circular No. 2003-02, identifies maintaining peace and order

as essential for community and national progress (Laru-an & Penny, 2018). To

support this, the Philippine National Police (PNP) and Local Government Units

(LGUs), especially at the barangay level, have implemented various

peacekeeping initiatives (Alkire, 2019). According to Section 391 (16) of the

Local Government Code of 1991, barangays may establish a community

brigade or service group to aid LGUs in peace and order efforts.

Consequently, the Barangay Peace and Order Committee was formed under

Executive Order No. 366 (1996) to enhance community-level peacekeeping.

The Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) serves as a community

brigade made up of civilian volunteers officially appointed by the Punong

Barangay, based on the Barangay Peace and Order Council’s

recommendations (PNP, 2019). Following the Lead PNP Manual, BPAT’s

duties include organizing and engaging community sectors to support peace,

safety, crisis management, disaster response, search and rescue, and relief

efforts. Additionally, BPAT reinforces the Barangay Justice System and

conducts crime prevention measures to safeguard vulnerable groups within

 4

the community. Equipped with nightsticks, BPAT members often face

significant risks (Estonio, 2018).

Although there has been thorough research conducted on Barangay

Peacekeeping Action Teams (BPATs) and their contribution to upholding

peace and order in communities, various deficiencies still exist. Many studies

typically examine the overall functions and efficiency of BPATs, yet they do not

thoroughly investigate how sociodemographic factors like age, gender, and

education impact their effectiveness. This space raises inquiries about how

these factors influence the effectiveness and reception of BPATs in the

community. Comprehending these elements may offer valuable perspectives

for customizing strategies to enhance results.

Another important issue is the lack of community perspectives being

included in the assessment of BPAT operations. Despite a focus on the

perspectives of local government and law enforcement, little research has

been done on how community members view the effectiveness of BPATs and

their influence on feelings of safety. Including residents' input would offer a

comprehensive evaluation of BPAT operations and identify areas for

enhancement that have a direct impact on the community they serve.

By addressing these gaps, this research contributes a nuanced

understanding of BPAT effectiveness and offers evidence-based

recommendations for strengthening community peacekeeping efforts.

 5

Research Objectives

The study generally aims to determine the effectiveness of the

barangay peacekeeping action team in strengthening crime prevention

intiatives.

Specifically, it aims to:

1. Describe the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents in

terms of the following:

1.2 Sex

1.3 Age

1.4 Civil Status

1.5 Occupation

1.6 Educational Attainment

2. Determine the effectiveness of the barangay peacekeeping action team

in strengthening crime prevention initiatives in terms of the following:

2.1. Duties and Responsibilities of BPAT

2.2. Plans and Strategical Methods in the Prevention of Crime.

3. Determine the significant relationship between the effectiveness of the

barangay peacekeeping action team in strengthening crime prevention

intiative and the socio-demographic profile of the respondents.

 6

Expected Outputs of the Study

The study aims to produce a criminological research publication,

providing a comprehensive understanding of the significant relationship

between effectiveness of the barangay peacekeeping action team in

strengthening crime prevention initiatives and the socio-demographic profile of

the respondents. By determining the effectiveness of the barangay

peacekeeping action team in strengthening crime prevention strategies, the

study seeks to inform the barangay officials of Barangay Bulit, Datu Montawal

Maguindanao Del Sur regarding the effectiveness of their barangay

peacekeeping action team. Ultimately, these insights are expected to support

the continuous development of the effectivity of barangay peacekeeping

action team in Barangay Bulit.

Place and Time of the Study

This study will be conducted in Barangay Bulit, Datu Montawal,

Maguindanao Del Sur during the second semester of the academic year 2024-

2025.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

 7

This study aims to assess the effectiveness of Barangay

Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) in implementing crime prevention

measures as outlined in DILG Circular 2003-42.

Significance of the Study

The importance of this research lies in its ability to make meaningful

contributions to both academic understanding and its applications concerning

the effectiveness of the barangay peacekeeping action team in strengthening

crime prevention strategies.

Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT). The study provides

BPAT members with a chance to review their performance and pinpoint

specific areas for improvement. It could also result in the introduction of more

support systems, like training programs, to enhance their ability to prevent

crime.

Barangay Officials. The research offers barangay officials

understanding of how well their peacekeeping tactics are working. It can help

with decision-making, resource allocation, and training programs to better

prepare BPAT members for their duties.

Philippine National Police. This study supports the PNP's objective of

promoting community-oriented policing and collaborations. The findings could

guide the PNP in improving partnerships with barangay-level peacekeeping

units to strengthen local security efforts.

 8

Community Members. The results of this research will help residents

by pinpointing the strengths and areas needing enhancement in BPAT

operations. Improved methods for preventing crime lead to safer

neighborhoods, fostering a feeling of safety and happiness among residents.

Future Researchers. This research can serve as a valuable guide for

students interested in exploring similar topics. It offers a helpful reference for

those planning to conduct studies related to community peacekeeping and

crime prevention. Beyond that, it provides students with knowledge they can

use and benefit from in their academic and professional pursuits. By

contributing to a deeper understanding of this area, the study supports the

development of new ideas and approaches that can be implemented to

strengthen peace and order initiatives. Moreover, the findings of this research

can act as a foundation for future studies on the effectiveness of BPAT in

preventing crime and maintaining community safety.

Operational Definition of Terms

Barangay The tiniest administrative division in the Philippines, in charge of

local governance and welfare of the community.

Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team refers to a local volunteer group

assisting barangay officials and police in maintaining peace, preventing crime,

and ensuring community safety.

 9

Crime Prevention refers to efforts and tactics aimed at decreasing criminal

behavior and enhancing community safety.

DILG Memorandum Circular 2003-042 refers to government guidelines

have been issued for local peacekeeping programs, which

include the establishment of BPATs.

Level of Effectiveness refers to t he assessment of the BPAT's success in

crime prevention and upholding peace and order.

Theoretical Framework

This study is based on Cohen and Felson's (1979) Routine Activity

Theory, stating that a crime occurs when a motivated offender, a suitable

target, and the absence of a capable guardian all come together. Based on

this theory, if any of these elements are disturbed, the probability of criminal

behavior decreases.

In this situation, the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) acts

as the capable guardian in the barangay, proactively stopping crime and

upholding peace and order. They patrol, monitor susceptible locations, and

react to possible dangers, efficiently decreasing chances for criminals to

engage in illegal activities.

This study examines how well BPAT fulfills their roles by analyzing how

their actions and presence correspond to Routine Activity Theory principles.

The framework emphasizes the significance of BPAT in aiding in crime

 10

prevention and maintaining community safety by deterring offenders and

upholding barangay security.

Conceptual Framework

INDEPENDENT VARIABLES DEPENDENT VARIABLES

Socio-demographic profile:
 Age
EFFECTIVENESS OF
 Sex BARANGAY PEACEKEEPING
ACTION TEAM (BPAT)
 Civil Status
 Occupatio  Duties and Responsibilities of
BPAT
 Educational Attainment
 Plans and Strategical Methods

Figure 1. This conceptual framework illustrates the relationship between the

sociodemographic profile of BPAT members (independent variable) and the

effectiveness of BPAT in implementing crime prevention initiatives (dependent

variable). The study seeks to determine how factors such as sex, age, civil

status, occupation, and educational attainment influence the BPAT's ability to

perform activities like patrolling, emergency response, crime deterrence, and

community engagement. By examining this relationship, the study aims to

identify areas for improvement and ensure that BPAT operations are

optimized to maintain peace and order in the community.

 11

Hypothesis of the Study

The hypothesis of the study will be tested at .05 level of significance.

Ho1: There is no significant relationship between the effectiveness of the

Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) and socio-demographic profile

of the respondents .
 12

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

The Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) is essential in

upholding peace and order in Philippine neighborhoods, serving as the first

responders in dealing with crime, emergencies, and security issues. Its

significance is emphasized by its grass-roots strategy, promoting direct

interaction with residents to guarantee safety and stability within the

community.

BPAT’s Role in Community Policing

BPAT acts as a primary program to enhance local crime prevention

tactics. Its establishment coincides with the goal of the Philippine National

Police (PNP) to improve peacekeeping efforts at the barangay level. The

BPAT works closely with the barangay captain and collaborates with the

Barangay Peace and Order Council to carry out programs that enhance

security, address disputes, and prevent criminal activities (PNP, 2019). The

program embodies a collaborative method to policing, involving civilian

volunteers as active members in local security measures (Estonio, 2018).

BPAT is in charge of patrolling barangay areas, attending emergencies, and

evaluating hazards as part of a grassroots effort. As per DILG Memorandum

Circular 2003-042, BPAT members serve as force multipliers for the PNP,

connecting law enforcement with community needs. This joint endeavor

 13

enables faster reactions to security issues, creating a more secure

atmosphere for inhabitants (PNP, 2019; Estonio, 2018).

Effectiveness of BPAT in Crime Prevention

Several studies have examined how effective BPAT is at maintaining

peace and order. A study by Baisac et al. (2015) in Barangay Tubod,

Bansalan, Davao del Sur, highlighted the strong connection between the

effectiveness of BPAT members and the training and assistance given by local

government units. The research discovered that villages with properly trained

BPAT volunteers had decreased crime rates and increased trust in their

neighborhood security forces. This discovery emphasizes the significance of

capacity-building programs in improving BPAT performance.

Caliguid (2019) conducted a different research that evaluated BPAT’s

impacts in urban and rural barangays. The success of the program is largely

reliant on the active participation of barangay officials, sufficient funding, and

strong leadership. Although BPAT has shown success in numerous areas, the

research also highlighted obstacles like varying training requirements and

inadequate logistical backing that may impede its effectiveness in producing

the best outcomes.

Challenges in BPAT Implementation

Although BPATs have achieved success, they still encounter

numerous obstacles that impede their effectiveness. An important problem is

 14

the insufficient availability of resources, such as funding, equipment, and

training. According to Estonio (2018), BPAT members typically have basic

tools like nightsticks, which restrict their capacity to effectively deal with

emergencies and criminal acts.

Another important obstacle is the lack of uniformity in training programs.

Some barangays prioritize extensive training for their BPAT members, while

others find it challenging to offer even fundamental guidance. This

discrepancy impacts the program's overall effectiveness since inadequately

trained participants may not have the necessary skills to handle challenging

security issues.

In order to tackle these issues, researchers suggest boosting

government assistance with improved funding and standardized training

initiatives. These actions would not just improve BPAT's ability to operate but

also guarantee its long-term viability (Caliguid, 2019).

Challenges in BPAT Operation

Rodriguez-Lirios (2022) offered valuable perspectives on the

performance of Barangay Peacekeeping and Safety Officers (BPSOs),

emphasizing the impact of community reactions on their efficiency. The

research found obstacles like low attendance, insufficient support for PPE,

inconsistent hazard pay, and a lack of coping strategies among BPSOs. The

operational difficulties affect the overall effectiveness of barangay

 15

peacekeeping officers and emphasize the importance of structured support

systems to improve their operational performance.

De Asis et al. (2020) emphasized the challenges faced by Barangay

Tanods in maintaining peace and order, which includes problems with police

vehicle maintenance and a lack of essential items like raincoats and

communication devices. The obstacles presented by infrastructure and

equipment hinder the success of patrol and monitoring activities key to

preventing crime. It is crucial to tackle these challenges in order to enhance

the barangay tanods' operational capabilities and enhance their effectiveness

in maintaining peace and order in their communities.

Socio-demographic Factor and Performance

The sociodemographic profiles of BPAT members impact the

effectiveness of the organization. Baisac et al. (2015) found that age, level of

education, and years of experience all play a significant role in influencing how

well members are able to carry out their responsibilities. Likewise, research

emphasized by Wakat (2024) and Laruan (2015) indicate that younger, highly

educated individuals typically perform well in positions that demand flexibility

and managerial skills, whereas seasoned members contribute significant

institutional expertise.
 16

METHODOLOGY

This section shows the methods that will be used in the collection and

analyses of the data to be gathered in the study. It is composed of research

design, locale of the study, respondents of the study, sampling method,

research instrument, data to be gathered, data gathering procedure, and

method of data analysis.

Research Design

The study will employ a descriptive-correlational research design to

assess BPAT's effectiveness and identify relationships between their

effectiveness and the sociodemographic profile of the respondents. The

descriptive component will detail BPAT activities and performance, while the

correlational aspect will explore the influence of demographic factors such as

age, sex, educational attainment, and occupation on BPAT effectiveness.

Respondents

The respondents of this study will be 337 community residents from

Barangay Bulit, Datu Montawal, Maguindanao Del Sur.

 17

Sampling Procedure

In this study, the sampling process will use stratified random sampling

to guarantee equal representation from the four puroks in the barangay.

Having a population of 2,734 people and a sample size of 337 participants

determined, each purok will be assigned respondents according to its

population percentage. The sample size was computed using Cochran's

formula with a 95% confidence level and a 5% margin of error. This technique

guarantees that the sample represents the various demographics of the

barangay while also ensuring random and representative selection of

respondents.

Research Instrument

The researcher will use a survey questionnaire in gathering data from

the residents of Barangay Bulit, Datu Montawal, Maguindanao Del Sur. A

survey questionnaire is a tool for research that is utilized to carry out surveys.

It comprises a series of questions that gather data from a group of people

based on their answers (Check & Schutt, 2012). The survey questionnaire

consists of two (2) components. First, the socio-demographic profiles of the

respondents. It comprises their sex, age, civil status, occupation, and

educational attainment.

The second part is the survey questionnaire, it will be the set of questions

regarding the duties and responsibilities of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action

 18

Team (BPAT). The research instrument to be utilized in this study is adapted

from the undergraduate thesis titled "Effectiveness of Barangay Peacekeeping

and Security Officer in Crime Prevention in Lapaz, Leyte" by Songalia,

Amador, and Vergara (2022).

Data Collection Procedure

To begin the study among the residents of Barangay Bulit, the

researcher will first request permission from the College Dean to conduct the

research outside the University premises. Following this the researcher will

ask permission throught a communication letter to the Barangay Chairperson

for the conduct of this study. Another letter will be given to the respondents in

the form of a Consent Form detailing the nature, objectives, and significance

of the study, allowing them to make a choice before participating.

Once the necesarry permissions have been obtained, the researcher

will administer the survey questionnaire to the respondents. To insure the

confidentiality of the respondents, the researcher will inform them that all data

collected will be kept confidential and it will be used for research purposes

only.

Data Analysis Procedure

The data of the study will be analyzed using various statistical tools.
 19

Frequency Counts will be used to determine how many respondents

fall into each category of the variables, such as age, gender, educational

attainment, and civil status.

Percentage Distribution will complement frequency counts by

calculating the proportion of respondents within each category relative to the

total sample size.

Weighted Means will be used to calculate the average effectiveness

ratings of BPAT activities based on the Likert-scale responses.

Furthermore, Chi-Square Test will be used to determine the

association between categorical variables, such as respondents’ demographic

characteristics (e.g., educational attainment, gender) and their effectiveness

ratings of BPAT activities.

Each questionnaire had a response scale for the respondents to

choose from 4 for very effective, 3 for moderately effective, 2 for slightly

effective, and 1 for not effective. Moreover, the range of means provides a

descriptive level and interpretation of how frequently a measure is manifested.

A mean between 3.50 and 4.00 is interpreted as Very Effective, indicating that

the measure of the latent variables is always manifested or observed. A range

of 2.50 to 3.49 is classified as Moderately Effective, meaning the measure of

the latent variables is sometimes manifested or observed. A mean of 1.50 to

2.49 is labeled Slightly Effective, suggesting the measure of the latent

variables is seldom manifested or observed. Finally, if the mean falls between

 20

1.00 to 1.49, it is considered Not Effective, indicating that the measure of the

latent variables is not manifested or observed.

Ethical Considerations

To uphold knowledge and truth, promote collaborative work and public

accountability, and maintain the integrity of the research process, the author

will stringently follow the essentials of research ethics in accordance with the

policies and standards implemented by the university ethics research

committee.

Voluntary Participation

The researcher will ensure that participation in any aspect of the study

is not coerced or compelled. In order to motivate respondents to participate,

she will verbally and in writing explain the purpose of the study to each

respondent. This is to ensure that all individuals can make an informed choice

regarding their participation in the study. Additionally, every participant has the

freedom to opt out of the survey at any point. However, they must notify the

researcher of their choice so that a replacement can be selected for them.

There will be no repercussions or negative outcomes for individuals who

decide not to continue with the survey.

Privacy and Confidentiality

Researchers are required to safeguard respondent's ability to control

their involvement in the study and their personal data by maintaining privacy
 21

and confidentiality. In order to comply with this rule, the study will avoid

gathering any information that could be linked back to the subjects. The

surveys will not request participants' names or any identifying information;

coding will be utilized to maintain anonymity. Finally, the information will be

combined instead of shown separately to enhance the privacy and

confidentiality of the study.

Informed Consent Process

A document called the Informed Consent Form (ICF) will be created

with details regarding the study's aim and methods. Prior to taking part in the

study, every participant will be required to review and comprehend the

information in the ICF, and they may inquire about the research if they have

any queries. The researcher will clarify the items by explaining the ICF to the

participants. Following that, they will be required to put their signature on the

form after agreeing to all its contents. After signing the form, the participants

will receive a series of survey questionnaires to complete. They have a

deadline of one week to complete the research tool.

Risks

The researcher will assure the participants that there are no risks

involved in taking part in the study. In addition to ensuring privacy and

confidentiality, she will make sure that no question in the survey is

inappropriate or could incriminate the respondent. It will also refrain from

 22

requesting their personal details. This is done to ensure that they feel secure

and at ease when responding to the surveys.

Benefits

The study will not produce a singular benefit to the respondents but a

common benefit to their organization as it will help their management to

develop informed policies and relevant programs that would improve the

overall quality of an institution. The research provides significant advantages,

such as better crime prevention tactics with increased BPAT performance,

empowerment of BPAT members through improved training and

acknowledgment, and informed policy-making for barangay and local

government leaders. It further enhances academic research on community

policing and advocates for the importance of BPAT initiatives, promoting

increased cooperation between locals and peacekeeping units.

 23

LITERATURE CITED

Antonio, J. (2020). The role of barangay captains in local governance.

Philippine Journal of Local Governance, 15(3), 45–60.

Borlaza, G. & Hermandez, M. (2021). The historical evolution of barangays in

the Philippines. Philippine Sociological Review, 19(2), 102–118.

Caliguid, E. (2019). Effectiveness of barangay peacekeeping action teams in

crime prevention: A grassroots perspective. Asian Journal of Public
Administration, 12(3), 109–121.

Check, J., & Schutt, R. K. (2012). Research methods in education. Thousand

Oaks, CA: Sage

Demeter, M. (2022). Enhancing grassroots initiatives: A focus on the Filipino

family and community security. Journal of Community Development,
14(2), 88–104.

Department of the Interior and Local Government (2003). DILG Memorandum

Circular No. 2003-02: Guidelines on the organization and mobilization
of BPAT.

Estonio, R. M. (2018). Exploring challenges faced by BPAT members: A

qualitative study. Philippine Journal of Law Enforcement Studies, 5(1),
88–102.

Flores, L. (2019). The barangay captain’s role in implementing government

services. Public Administration Quarterly, 17(4), 125–140.

Gapangada, C. (2018). Local governance and the role of barangay

peacekeeping teams. Journal of Philippine Local Government Studies,
11(2), 90–110.

Goldstein, S. (2020). Evaluating administrative challenges in barangay

governance. Public Management Review, 18(3), 56–74.

Laruan, P., & Penny, R. (2018). A review of barangay justice and

peacekeeping committees. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 25(1),
33–49.

Manarang, J. (2011). Barangay governance in Philippine history. Historical

Studies Quarterly, 10(4), 12–25.
 24

Philippine National Police. (2009). Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team

(BPAT) Manual. Quezon City: PNP Directorate for Police-Community
Relations.

Philippine National Police. (2019). Strengthening community-based policing

through BPAT. PNP Bulletin, 11(4), 34–39.

Pajarillo-Guadamor, R. (2018). Community policing in the Philippines: The role

of barangay peacekeeping action teams. Criminology and Public Safety
Journal, 7(2), 66–78.

Saligan, M. (2018). The role of community leaders in crime prevention

initiatives. International Journal of Community Policing, 5(1), 56–72.

Songalia, M. L. D., Amador, R. S., & Vergara, K. (2022). Assessing the

effectiveness of barangay peacekeeping teams in urban communities.
University of the Philippines Press.

Vicente, R. (2019). Barangay-level crime prevention: An analysis of BPAT

operations. Philippine Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies, 9(2),
78–90.

Viray, R. (2021). Gender dynamics in barangay leadership roles. Philippine

Social Science Review, 20(1), 45–63.

Wakat, I. M. (2024). Exploring performance and challenges faced by Tanods:

A comprehensive review of related literature. Cognizance Journal of
Multidisciplinary Studies, 4(4), 22–25.
 25

APPENDICES
 26

Appendix A. Application for Research Adviser

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO

Kabacan, Cotabato
Philippines
APPLICATION FOR RESEARCH ADVISER

Date: ____________

RICHARD T. CAMARA, PhD

Department of Criminal Justice Education
College of Arts and Social Science
USM, Kabacan, Cotabato

Sir:

I would like to request that you will be my research adviser effective 1 st

semester, SY 2024-2025. I intend to work on a study titled: “EVALUATING THE
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE BARANGAY PEACEKEEPING ACTION TEAM IN
STRENGTHENING CRIME PREVENTION INTIATIVES”.

I am hoping for your most favorable approval on this request. Thank you very
much.

Very truly yours,

AL-ASHIFJHON B. SIMBUANGAN
Printed Name and Signature of Student

APPROVED

RICHARD T. CAMARA, PhD

Adviser
___________
Date

USM-EDR-F01-Rev.4.2022.10.18
 27

Appendix B. Application for Research Title

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO

Kabacan, Cotabato
Philippines

APPLICATION FOR RESEARCH TITLE

(Date) __________

MARIZ P. BALQUIN, PhD

Chairperson, Department of Criminal Justice Education

SIR/MADAM:

I would like to request your office to allow me to research on the study titled
“Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team in
Streangthening Crime Prevention Initiatives ”.

General objective:
The study generally aims to determine the socio-demographic profile of the
respondents that correlates the Effectiveness of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action
Team in Strengthening Crime Prevention Initiatives.

The study has the following objectives:

1. Determine the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents in forms of
the following:
1.1 Sex
1.2 Age
1.3 Civil Status
1.4 Occupation
1.5 Educational Attainment
2. Determine the effectiveness of the barangay peacekeeping action team in
strengthening crime prevention initiatives in terms of the following:
2.1 Duties and Responsibilities of BPAT
2.2 Plans and Strategical Methods in the Prevention of Crime
3. Determine the relationship between the socio-demographic characteristics of the
respondents and the effectiveness of the barangay peacekeeping action team.

Very truly yours,

AL-ASHIF JHON B. SIMBUANGAN

Printed Name and Signature of Student

NOTED
 28

RICHARD T. CAMRA, PhD ________________

Adviser Date

RICHARD T. CAMARA, PhD ________________

Department Research Coordinator Date

DATU MODEN C. TALANDIG, MA ________________

College Research Coordinator Date

APPROVED

MARIZ P. BALQUIN, PhD

Department Chairperson Date

USM-EDR-F02-Rev.4.2021.11.04
 29

Appendix C. Estimated Budget of the Research

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO

Kabacan, Cotabato
Philippines

ESTIMATED BUDGET OF THE RESEARCH

Title of Study
Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team in
Strengthening Crime Prevention Initiatives.

ITEMS/DESCRIPTION ESTIMATED
COST
Outline Defense Fee 1650
Snack 300
Printing 300
Other Expenses 400

Grand Total 2650

Prepared and submitted by:

AL-ASHIF JHON B. SIMABUANGAN

Printed Name and Signature of the Student

NOTED

RICHARD T. CAMARA, PhD ___________________________

Adviser Date

RICHARD T. CAMARA, PhD ___________________________

Department Research Coordinator Date

MARIZ P. BALQUIN, PhD ___________________________

Department Chairperson Date

USM-EDR-F06-Rev.3.2020.02.24
 30

Appendix D. Application for Thesis Outline Defense

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
Kabacan, Cotabato
Philippines

APPLICATION FOR THESIS OUTLINE DEFENSE

Name AL-ASHIF JHON B. SIMBUANGAN
Degree/Major BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY
Thesis Title EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE BARANGAY
PEACEKEEPING ACTION TEAM IN STRENGTHENING CRIME
PREVENTION INITIATIVES .
Date of Examination
Time
Place UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO, POBLACION KABACAN,
COTABATO

MEMBERS OF THE EXAMINING COMMITTEE

Name Signature Date

BERNARD ESCARZA, MA _______________ ____________

ROSELYN M. CLEMEN, RN, MPA, JD _______________ ____________
VICENTE T. DELOS REYES, PhD _______________ ____________

RECOMMENDING APPROVAL:

RICHARD T. CAMARA, PhD _______________________________

Adviser Co-Adviser
APPROVED:

_________________________ MARIZ P. BALQUIN, PhD

College Statistician Department Chairperson

RICHARD T. CAMARA, PhD

Department Research Coordinator

REPORT ON THE RESULT OF EXAMINATION

Name Signature Remarks
BERNARD ESCARZA, MA _______________ _____________
ROSELYN M. CLEMEN, RN, MPA, JD _______________ _____________
VICENTE T. DELOS REYES, PhD _______________ _____________

APPROVED:

RICHARD T. CAMARA, PhD

Department Research Coordinator
_________________
Date
USM-EDR-F07-Rev.3.2020.02.24
 31

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO

Kabacan, Cotabato
Philippines

CURRICULUM VITAE
CURRICULUM VITAE

Al-Ashif Jhon B. Simbuangan

Bulit, Datu Montawal, Maguindanao Del Sur
09097407072
[email protected]

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Last Name Simbuangan

First Name Al-Ashif Jhon

Middle Name Buday

Nickname Al

Age 20

Nationality Filipino

Religion Islam

Civil Status Single

Father’s Name Alitoto B. Simbuangan

Mother’s Name Mariam Sheila B. Simbuangan

Educational Background
Kabacan Pilot Central Elementary
Elementary
School
Junior High School University Laboratory School- USM
University Laboratory School -
Senior High School
USM
Tertiary University of Southern Mindanao