CHAPTERS 6 AND 3, PART 2-INTERMOLECULAR FORCES

Read sections 6.7-6.9 and section 3.7. Answer the assigned problems from these
sections.
Goals:
 Define and describe a polar covalent bond. (6.7)
 Define and describe a non-polar covalent bond. (6.7)
 Using an electronegativity chart, determine whether a covalent bond is polar or non-polar. (6.7)
 Determine whether a molecule is polar or non-polar. (6.8)
 Define intermolecular force. (6.9)
 For the three different intermolecular forces: (6.9)
o Describe them.
o Rank them from strongest to weakest.
o Explain how each occurs.
 Determine the intermolecular force that occurs between separate molecules of the same
chemical.(6.9)
 Draw the Hydrogen Bonding interaction between 2 appropriate molecules. (6.9)
 Describe how intermolecular forces affect the boiling point of molecular chemicals. (3.7, 6.9)
 Given several molecular chemicals, rank them by their relative boiling points. (6.9)

Useful Videos

A) Polar and non-polar covalent bonds:

B) Polar and non-polar molecules:

C) Intermolecular forces
 London Dispersion Forces
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H37-r-t0bf4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5OT5l-NZS24

 Dipole-Dipole Forces
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dmmy3OklX1Y

 Hydrogen Bonding
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=PyC5r2mB4d4&list=RDCMUCj3EXpr5v35g3peVWnVLoew&start_radio=1&t=15

D) Boiling

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hg7jN32q9A0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ag4lLUXKuSM
 BONDING BETWEEN ATOMS AND ATTRACTIONS BETWEEN SEPARATE MOLECULES

Propenol is a relatively simple organic molecule with the formula C3H6O. Its Lewis structure is
presented below:

1. Determine the molecular geometry for the oxygen atom and for each carbon atom.

2. What kind of bonds, ionic or covalent, do the black lines between the atoms of propenol
represent? Describe this specific bond by its composition and how it is formed.

To answer many of the following questions, you will need to access Figure 6.6, page 199, and
table 6.15, page 200 of your text.

3. Which of the following occurs between the C and H of propenol? Explain. Be specific.
 ionic bond
 polar covalent bond
 non-polar covalent bond
 hydrogen bonding
 dipole-dipole force
 London (dispersion) force

4. Which of the following occurs between the C and O of propenol? Explain. Be specific.
 ionic bond
 polar covalent bond
 non-polar covalent bond
 hydrogen bonding
 dipole-dipole force
 London (dispersion) force
5. Which of the following occurs between the O and H of propenol? Explain. Be specific.
 ionic bond
 polar covalent bond
 non-polar covalent bond
 hydrogen bonding
 dipole-dipole force
 London (dispersion) force

6. Is propenol a polar molecule or a non-polar molecule? Explain. Be specific.

7. Which of the following is the strongest intermolecular force that occurs between two
molecules of propenol? Explain. Be specific.
 Ionic bond
 polar covalent bond
 non-polar covalent bond
 hydrogen bonding
 dipole-dipole force
 London (dispersion) force

8. Draw the interaction between two propenol molecules.

9. Which of the following is the strongest intermolecular force that occurs between two
molecules of butane? Explain. Be specific.
 Ionic bond
 polar covalent bond
 non-polar covalent bond
 hydrogen bonding
 dipole-dipole force
 London (dispersion) force

10. Select all the correct choices that completes the following statement:

For a molecular chemical, boiling occurs when energy is added to the liquid
 so that the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the external pressure in contact with
the surface of the liquid.
 and breaks the covalent bond(s) holding atoms of the molecule together.
 and overcomes the intermolecular attraction holding molecules of the liquid together.
 increasing the quantity of vapor that leaves the liquid.
 so that the liquid chemical decomposes.

11. Select all the correct choices that completes the following statement:

When comparing the boiling points of two different molecular compounds with the same
(or similar) masses, the chemical with the stronger intermolecular force
 has the higher boiling point.
 has the lower boiling point.
 will boil at a higher temperature as a result of stronger covalent bonds in that
chemical.
 will boil at a lower temperature since it is the more stable chemical of the two
chemicals being compared.
 will boil at a higher temperature since it is the more stable chemical of the two
chemicals being compared.
 has a relative boiling point that can’t be determined relative to the other chemical.

(over)
12. Calculate the formula weight of:
a. Propenol.

b. Butane.

13. Which compound, propenol or butane, has the lower boiling point? Explain
 INTERMOLECULAR FORCES

1) Identify the strongest intermolecular force that exists between molecules of the following
compound. If it is hydrogen bonding, then draw this interaction between two molecules of that
compound.

2) Identify the strongest intermolecular force that exists between molecules of the following
compound. If it is hydrogen bonding, then draw this interaction between two molecules of that
compound.

3) Identify the strongest intermolecular force that exists between molecules of the following
compound. If it is hydrogen bonding, then draw this interaction between two molecules of that
compound.

4) Identify the strongest intermolecular force that exists between molecules of the following
compound. If it is hydrogen bonding, then draw this interaction between two molecules of that
compound.

5) Identify the strongest intermolecular force that exists between molecules of the following
compound. If it is hydrogen bonding, then draw this interaction between two molecules of that
compound.