Abstract:
This experiment uses Cadence develop Systems' Virtuoso tool suite to develop and verify the
architecture of CMOS universal gates. The main goal is to design and verify the NAND and
NOR gate configurations. Schematic development, layout generation, and verification using
Layout Versus Schematic (LVS) analysis and Design Rule Check (DRC) are all steps in the
design process. To guarantee connection and adherence to design guidelines, the Virtuoso
Layout Suite XL is used. The outcomes show that the implemented designs are accurate and that
there are no DRC or LVS mistakes in the designed layouts.
Introduction:
Common logic gates like NAND and NOR are essential for creating intricate digital circuits in
contemporary Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) design. Because NAND or NOR gates alone
may be used to create any digital logic function, these gates are essential. Achieving high-
performance, dependable, and manufacturing-ready integrated circuits requires that their layouts
be accurate.
This experiment's main goal is to obtain practical expertise utilizing the Cadence Virtuoso tool
suite to develop and validate CMOS layouts with universal gates. Through Layout Versus
Schematic (LVS) validation and Design Rule Check (DRC), the experiment seeks to strengthen
comprehension of layout design concepts, connection verification, and adherence to design rules.
By effectively carrying out these procedures, the experiment aids in the development of the
abilities required for expert VLSI design and production.
Theory:
The arrangement of digital circuits in VLSI design is essential for maximizing manufacturability,
performance, and power efficiency. Because of its great dependability and low power
consumption, CMOS technology is frequently employed. Because they may be used to construct
any Boolean function, universal gates like NAND and NOR serve as the fundamental
components of complicated logic circuits. The complimentary switching of nMOS and pMOS
transistors, whose configuration dictates the logic operation, is the basis for the operation of
these gates.
Cadence Virtuoso is used in the layout design process to turn a schematic diagram into a tangible
representation. This entails positioning and joining transistors while following design
specifications such minimum feature sizes and spacing. The Layout Versus Schematic (LVS)
check confirms that the layout corresponds to the anticipated circuit functioning, while the
Design Rule Check (DRC) makes that the layout conforms with production regulations. In order
to avoid fabrication defects and guarantee circuit dependability, these verification procedures are
essential.
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This experiment improves knowledge of CMOS layout design concepts by successfully creating
and validating the layouts of NAND and NOR gates. It explains the fundamental verification
methods needed for expert VLSI design and gives practical experience using industry-standard
tools. The layouts' accuracy and suitability for fabrication are confirmed by the outcomes of the
DRC and LVS inspections.
Methodology:
Opening Virtuoso:
Fig 1: Code for opening Virtuoso
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Schematic Layout:
Fig 2: Schematic for a NAND gate
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Fig 3: Schematic for a NOR gate
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Analog design:
Fig 4: Analog design for NAND Gate
Fig 5: Analog design for NOR Gate
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Layout:
Fig 6: Layout for NAND Gate
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Fig 7: Layout for NOR Gate
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Stick Diagram:
Fig 8: Stick diagram of NAND gate
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Fig 9: Stick diagram for NOR gate
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Simulations and Results:
Transient Analysis:
Fig 10: Transient Analysis for NAND Gate
Fig 11: Transient Analysis for NOR Gate
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DRC:
Fig 12: DRC for NAND gate
Fig 13: DRC for NOR gate
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LVS:
Fig 14: LVS of a NAND gate
Fig 15: LVS of a NOR gate
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Result Analysis:
The goal of the project was to use the Cadence Virtuoso tool suite to design CMOS universal
gate layouts, with an emphasis on the NAND and the NOR gate. The layout was successfully
created by following the described process, guaranteeing that it complied with the design
requirements. The main goal of the experiment was accomplished, as evidenced by the visual
verification against the schematic, which verified the layout's precision and completeness.
To confirm that the layout complies with production requirements and matches the schematic
design, Design Rule Check (DRC) and Layout Versus Schematic (LVS) tests were then carried
out. The layout complied with all design requirements and faithfully depicted the intended circuit
functioning, as evidenced by the lack of DRC and LVS defects. Overall, the experiment was
deemed successful as the successful completion of these checks shows how well the Cadence
Virtuoso tool suite works for developing and confirming VLSI circuits.
Conclusion:
In summary, the experiment effectively accomplished its main goal of using the Cadence
Virtuoso tool suite to design and validate the layouts of CMOS universal gates, with a particular
emphasis on the NAND and the NOR gate. Scenario formulation, layout creation, and
subsequent checks for design rules and schematic compatibility were all part of the methodical
process, which was carefully adhered to. The layout's successful generation and the lack of
mistakes in the Layout Versus Schematic (LVS) and Design Rule Check (DRC) tests show that
the design satisfies the requirements for manufacturing.
In conclusion, the experiment successfully achieved its primary objective, which was to design
and evaluate the layouts of CMOS universal gates, with a focus on the NAND and the NOR gate,
utilizing the Cadence Virtuoso tool suite. The rigorous approach, which was closely followed,
included scenario conception, layout preparation, and subsequent tests for design rules and
schematic compatibility. The design meets manufacturing requirements, as evidenced by the
layout's successful generation and the absence of errors in the Layout Versus Schematic (LVS)
and Design Rule Check (DRC) tests.
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