J. Agric. Sci. Mansoura Univ.

, 32 (4): 3253 - 3268, 2007

SHORT TERM INFLUNCES OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC

FERTILIZERS ON NITARATE CONTENT AND SQUASH
PRODUCTION
Hammad, S.A.; H.A. Meshref; T.M. El-Zehery and K.F. Fouda
Soil Sci. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ., Egypt.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted on a sandy soil for winter season 2004 at
the Agricultural Experimental Station, Kalapshoo, Dakahlia governorate, to study the
combined effects of different types of organic materials (Corn straw, FYM and Mix)
with three levels of them i.e. without addition, 14 and 28 ton /fed and three levels of
mineral nitrogen fertilizers were used in this study i.e. without addition, 300 and 600
kg (NH4)2SO4/fed. While potassium and phosphorus were added in two levels,
P1K1=150 kg Ca (H2PO4)2/fed + 50 kg K2SO4/fed and P2K2=300 kg Ca (H2PO4)2/fed
+ 100 kg K2SO4/fed on plant content of nitrate and crop productivity. The treatments
were arranged in a split split split plot design. The results obtained were as follows:
The individual and combined treatments of organic matter and inorganic
fertilizers gave significant increase in shoot, root, yields and fruit of squash plant.
Concerning individual traits, there was significant increase in dry weight of
shoot, root and fruit with adding FYM at the harvest. Whereas with organic levels it
was noticeable that increase in dry weight of shoot, root and fruit with adding 28
ton.fed-1 organic manure. With increasing nitrogen fertilizer till double recommended
doses.
The combined effect of results show that, the combination of double
recommended dose of N + 28 ton.fed -1 of FYM fertilization treatments gave
significant increase in dry weight, and nitrate content.
Concerning combined traits, there was a significant increase in fruit dry weight
with adding 28 ton.fed-1 of organic manure + double recommended dose of nitrogen
(N2).
Organic manure and inorganic fertilizers gave significant increases in nitrate
and nitrite contents, the highest value of plant NO3- content with adding 28 ton.fed-1
with double recommended doses of nitrogen fertilizer, the same influence of the
farmer treatments was found with NO2- content.
So, it is recommended to add great amounts of organic and inorganic
fertilizers to sandy soil for two benefits, firstly to give the plants their nutrients
requirements, secondly to easies releasing nutrients in available forms through
activating the decomposition process of organic matter. Also, we must be
attentioned for vegetable crops and their contents of nitrate to prevent health hazard
for human.
INTRODUCTION
Nitrogen is a costly and rate-limiting element in plant growth.
Nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for 40% of costs associated with crops.
Increasing the efficiency of nitrogen use would be cost-effective and would
minimize problems of ground water contamination by excess nitrate
application (Sheldrick, 1987).
From the standpoint of plant nutrition, NH4+, NO2- and NO3- are the
most important and are produced from aerobic decomposition of soil organic
matter or from the addition of N fertilizers. These three forms usually
Hammad, S. A. et al.

represent 2 to 5% of the total soil-N. N2O and NO are important forms of N

lost through denitrification (Hammad, 1996 and Tisdale et al., 1999).
Any excess N remaining is likely to be leached. Furthermore,
additional inorganic N may become available if irrigation increases net N
mineralization rates of soil organic matter (Polglase et al., 1995). The
accumulation of nitrate in plant parts is a natural phenomenon that occurs
when the uptake of NO3- by the roots exceeds its reduction and subsequent
assimilation within the plant. The amount, source and timing or N-application
all govern the effect of N-fertilizer on NO3- accumulation (EL-Sissy, Laila,
2000).
Generally, application of organic resides is beneficial to crop as a
source of essential nutrients such as N, P, and K, and micronutrients, and
improve the soil properties, physically, chemically, microbiologically and soil
fertility. (Giusquiani et al., 1988).
Nitrogen losses through leaching are an important water quality issue.
Combined manure and fertilizer N additions are a significant source of
excessive soil NO3–N (Jokela, 1992; Angle et al., 1993). However, the
effects of independent organic manure and fertilizer N applications, each
applied at agronomically optimum rates, are more variable. There is
evidence that organic manure increases NO3–N leaching compared with
fertilizer N applied at equivalent N rates (Roth and Fox, 1990; Jemison and
Fox, 1994). This increase was attributed to mineralization of organic N,
producing NO3–N during periods without crop uptake. Alternatively, some
studies show that organic manure reduces NO3–N leaching compared with
equivalent N rates from fertilizer (Sims, 1987;and Jokela, 1992). The
additional organic C from organic manure may increase denitrification and
macropores flow, or N mineralization rates may be synchronized with N
uptake by the crop (Ma et al., 1999).
Adams et al. (1994) suggested that organic manure should be applied
in late spring or early summer, when crops and microorganisms are rapidly
taking up N, to minimize winter NO3–N leaching to ground water.
So nitrate is a wide spread contaminant of ground and surface waters
worldwide. Also accumulation of nitrate in the environment spread in the
recent years to be found in the plants in a free manner which could be
harmful for human health.
The objectives of this study are:
Firstly, evaluate the effect of organic materials, inorganic fertilizers
and their interactions on squash plant. Secondly study the effect of studied
factors on content of nitrate and nitrite in squash plant, which leads us to
further examination of balanced fertilization effects of organic and inorganic
fertilizers on crop yield especially in sandy soils.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A field experiment was conducted on a sandy soil during season
2004 at the Agricultural Experimental Station, Kalapshoo, Farm of Fac.
Agric., Mansoura Univ., which belong to Belkass district, Dakahlia
governorate, to study the combined effect of organic materials sources and
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J. Agric. Sci. Mansoura Univ., 32 (4), April, 2007

mineral nitrogen fertilizers rates on soil properties and plant composition.

These effects were studied during successive growth stages of squash plant
(30, 45 and 60 days) after planting in a split split split plot design. The
interaction of different types of organic materials (Corn straw, FYM and Mix)
with three levels of them (L0=without addition, L1=14 ton /fed and L2=28 ton
/fed. And three levels of nitrogen fertilizers were used in this study;
N0=control (without addition), N1=300kg (NH4)2SO4/fed and N2 = 600 kg
(NH4)2SO4/fed. Two levels of potassium and phosphorus; P1K1=150 kg Ca
(H2PO4)2/fed + 50 kg K2SO4/fed and P2 K2=300 kg Ca (H2PO4)2/fed + 100 kg
K2SO4/fed were used. Results in Table 1 show the physical and chemical
properties of the experimental soil before planting.
Soil samples were sieved and routine analysis in the beginning of
the experiment was done according to Hesse (1971) Mechanical analysis
was determined according to the international pipette method as described
by Piper (1950).

Table 1: Some physical and chemical properties of the soil before

planting.
Soil properties value Soil properties value
H.C, cm/h 135.00 pH value 7.8
BD, g/cm3 1.65 EC, dSm-1 0.41
RD, g/cm3 2.74 O.C % 0.25
Total porosity% 39.78 O.M % 0.43
Coarse sand % 78.95 O.P, ppm 4.9
Fine sand % 14.41 CaCO3% 1.43
Silt % 2.48 H.W % 0.81
Clay % 4.16 S.P % 25.61
Soil texture class Sandy Ca++ 2.20
cations,
Soluble

meq/L

Avi. NH4, ppm 32.00 Mg++ 1.35

Avi. NO3, ppm 30.00 Na+ 3.35
Avi. P, ppm 21.68 K+ 1.00
Avi. K ,ppm 123.93 CO3- 0.00
Soluble
anions,
meq/L

Total N, ppm 205 HCO3 2.25

Total P, ppm 29.00 Cl- 4.00
Total K, ppm 427.47 SO4- 1.65

Plant samples of leaves, stems and roots were taken at three stages
(30, 45, 60 days after planting). Samples were oven dried at 70 oC till
constant weight then grained to a fine powder and then 0.2 g was taken to
wet digestion using a mixture of sulfuric and perchloric acids according to
Jackson, (1967) to determine the percentage of total nitrogen which
determined by Kjeldahl method as described by Hesse, (1971). Nitrate and
nitrite were determined according to the method described by Singh (1988).
Organic materials were analyzed before cultivation to be added before
planting by two weeks. Data in table 2 show the chemical properties of FYM
and corn straw (organic materials).

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Hammad, S. A. et al.

Table 2: Some chemical properties of farmyard manure and corn

straw.
Total Total Total O.C O.M pH EC,
Organic materials C:N
N % P, ppm K, ppm % % dSm-1
FYM 0.81 27.396 567.16 15.38 19:1 26.53 6.4 2.45
Corn Straw 0.53 14.603 548.26 5.64 27:1 9.73 6.43 1.18

Organic materials analysis:

Electrical conductivity (EC) was determined in (1:10) organic
material extract according to Jackson, (1967). pH value was determined in
(1:10) extract according to Jackson, (1967). Total carbon (C %) content was
determined according to Walkly & Black method as described by Hesse,
(1971). Total nitrogen was determined using the conventional method of
kjeldahl Jackson, (1967). Total phosphorus was determined calorimetrically
by using spectrophotometer as described by Hesse, (1971). Total potassium
was

Statistical analysis :
The statistical analysis of the experimental data was done according
to the methods described by Gomez and Gomez, (1984) using LSD to
compare the means of treatments values and Minitab software to gave the
regression formula using the data means.

RESULTS AND DESSCUION

Effect of organic materials and inorganic fertilizers on squash dry
weight.
Data in Table (3) show that adding FYM, corn straw and mixed
between them to sandy soil leads to high significant increases in dry weight
of squash plant after 30 days from planting, while it was significant only after
45 days from planting. At the harvest, these treatments obtained high
significant increase in dry weight of shoots, while with roots and fruits, it was
just significant.
The highest value of dry weight was found after 45 days from adding
FYM. At harvest there was high significant increase in dry weight of shoots,
and the highest value was occurred with FYM.
Also, there was significant increase in dry weight of roots and fruits by
adding FYM at the harvest stage.
As for the effect of organic materials levels on dry weight of squash
plant, there is high significant increase in dry weight after 30, 45 days from
planting and at the harvest. The highest value of dry weight was found at
plant age 45 days with 28 ton.fed-1 organic materials. Moreover at the
harvest the highest value was occurred in shoots with adding 28 ton.fed-1
organic materials.
The effect of farmyard manure on plant dry weight may be due to
adding organic manures which considered as a source of essential
nutrients, such as N, P, K and also micronutrients as well as improving
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J. Agric. Sci. Mansoura Univ., 32 (4), April, 2007

physical, chemical and biological properties of the studied soil which

reflected on the encourage of vegetative growth and root development. This
leads to higher plant yield. These results are agreeable with those obtained
by Gomaa (1982) on tomato and squash. Similar results were reported by
Awad and Griesh (1992), Nakagawa et. al., (1992), Brito and Hadley (1993)
and El-Zehery (2003).
Data in Table (3) stated that there was high significant increase in dry
weight with adding nitrogen fertilizer at all growth stages. At harvest the
highest value of dry weight was obtained with shoots at N2 treatment.
Moreover in roots and fruits the highest value was recorded with N 2
treatment.
These results could be due to the role of nitrogen for plant
metabolism, i.e., protein synthesis, nuclic acids and chlorophyll content
(Purekar et al., 1992). Therefore, increasing nitrogen levels increased
multiplication of cells which enhances the amount of metabolites necessary
for building plant organs and consequently the vegetative growth of plants
while,the increment in plant growth due to P could be interpretated as a
reflection to its role in root proliferation and growth, photosynthesis, energy
storage, cell division and enlargement. These results are in agreement with
those obtained by Farag, (1984), Hegazi and Attia (2002), Singh et al.,
(2000) and Ibrahim(2001).
Table 3 : Effect of organic sources, inorganic fertilizers and their levels
on dry weight (g/plant) of squash plant at different growth
stages during season 2004.
Treatments dry weight of plant (g/plant)
Day after planting At harvest (60 days)
(A)Organic Sources 30 days 45 days Shoot Root Fruit
FYM 7.81 8.35 19.09 3.52 8.19
Corn Straw 6.83 6.84 12.87 2.85 6.93
Mixed of them 7.16 7.28 15.41 3.29 6.98
F. Test ** * ** * *
LSD at 0.05 0.30 0.50 0.08 0.03 0.06
(B)Organic Levels
L0 5.88 6.31 11.64 2.25 6.32
L1 6.96 7.22 15.34 3.15 7.13
L2 8.81 9.08 20.39 4.26 8.65
F. Test ** ** ** ** **
LSD at 0.05 0.50 0.30 0.06 0.02 0.04
(C) N levels
N0 6.77 6.98 14.15 2.82 6.88
N1 7.24 7.42 15.56 3.17 7.43
N2 7.91 7.95 17.66 3.66 7.79
F. Test ** ** ** ** **
LSD at 0.05 0.20 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.024
(D) PK levels.
P1 K1 7.16 7.31 15.34 3.09 7.16
P2 K2 7.45 7.59 16.24 3.35 7.57
F. Test ** * ** ** **
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Hammad, S. A. et al.

The results in Table (3) indicate that PK fertilizers have high

significant increase in plant dry weight production. The highest value of dry
weight was occurred at 45 days with P2K2. At the harvesting time, there is
high significant increase in dry weigh where the highest value was obtained
with shoots at P2k2 treatment. Where as the highest value of root was found
with adding P2K2 treatment. Moreover the highest value of fruits was
occurred by applying P2K2 treatment.

The combined effect of organic materials, and inorganic fertilizers on

squash dry weight:
Data in Table (4) show the combined effect of organic materials
levels and nitrogen rates on dry weight. There is no significant increase in
dry weight as a result of adding organic materials levels with nitrogen
fertilizers rates. The highest values of dry weight (g/plant) were observed
with the highest N level with 0, 14 and 28 ton.fed-1 organic materials,
respectively. The highest value was found with adding 28 ton.fed-1 of
organic materials levels + adding double recommended doses of nitrogen
fertilizer rate (N2).

Table 4 : Means of fruits dry weight of squash plant (g/plant) as

affected by the combined effect of organic materials levels
and nitrogen fertilizer rates during season 2004.
Organic levels
N-Treatments L0 (Control) L1 L2
dry weight (g/plant)
N0 (Control) 5.78 6.94 8.23
N1 6.40 7.077 8.78
N2 6.76 7.65 9.43
F. Test NS
LSD at 0.05 --

Nitrogen fertilizer may increase the decomposition of soil organic

matter, so it would increase the efficiency of native soil NPK, also the root
growth maybe increased by the addition of N-fertilizers. The application of
organic materials along with chemical fertilizers may be helpful in
conserving the fertilizer N and in assuring its continued availability to
subsequent crops. This result is in accordance with findings of Mahmoud
and Abd El-Aziz, (1981) and Metwally and Khamis (1998).

The combined effect of organic materials, and PK fertilizers on squash

dry weight:
Data in Fig (1) showed that the highest value was occurred with
adding FYM + double recommended doses of phosphorus and potassium
fertilizers. Also, it was observed that FYM gave the highest value of dry
weight (g/plant) either with p1k1 or p2k2 treatments.

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J. Agric. Sci. Mansoura Univ., 32 (4), April, 2007

P1 K1 P2K2

9
8

Dry weight (g/plant)

7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Mix Corn FYM
Organic sources

Fig 1: Means of fruits dry weight of squash plant (g/plant) as affected

by PK fertilizers rates and organic material sources during
season 2004.

Effect of organic materials, and inorganic fertilizers on plant NO 3-

content:
Data revealed that adding FYM, corn straw and mixing them to
sandy soil has significant effect on some stages and non significant
increase from other treatments on NO3- content of squash plant. At 30 days
after planting there was no significant increase in NO 3- content in squash
plant, the highest value was found with adding FYM. While at 45 days after
planting there was high significant increase in NO 3- content, the highest
value was occurred with FYM.
Data in Table (5) revealed that at the harvest there is highly
significant increase in NO3- content, in shoot part the highest value was
occurred with FYM, but in root there was no significant increase in NO 3-
content the highest value was found with adding corn straw, while in fruit
part there is significant increase in NO3- content with corn straw.
Concerning the effect of organic levels on NO3- content in different
stages of squash growth, data in Table 5 stated that there is high significant
increase in NO3- content at 30 days after planting, the highest value was
occurred with 28 ton.fed-1 compared with control, and also at 45 days after
planting, where the highest value was found with 28 ton.fed-1 compared
with control.
At the harvest the highest value was occurred with 28 ton.fed-1 in
shoot, root and fruit. This increase in NO3- concentration could be due to
that organic materials considered as a good source of plant nutrients and
produce some substances which promoting plant growth leading to more
absorption of available nitrogen. These results are in agreement with those
obtained by Dominguez (1994) and Castro et al., (1998).

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Hammad, S. A. et al.

Data in Table (5) found that NO3- contents at different plant growth
stages obtained high significant increase by using N fertilizers. At 30 days
after planting the highest value was occurred with double recommended
doses of nitrogen fertilizer.

Table 5: Effect of organic materials sources, inorganic fertilizers

levels, and their interactions on NO3- content (ppm) in plant
parts at different plant growth stages during season 2004.
NO3- contents of plant parts (ppm)
Treatments Day after planting At harvest(60 days)
(A)Organic 30 days 45 days Shoot Root Fruit
Sources
FYM 43.14 42.37 45.77 41.53 45.31
Corn Straw 40.84 40.30 42.60 41.68 47.24
Mixed 42.14 40.71 41.22 40. 50 45.66
F. Test NS ** ** NS *
LSD at 0.05 -- 0.06 0.05 -- 0.02
(B)Organic Levels
L0 33.12 42.369 36.66 31.85 40.35
L1 43.44 40.299 43.30 42.77 47.01
L2 49.56 40.71 49.62 49.08 50.85
F. Test ** ** ** ** **
LSD at 0.05 1.02 0.08 0.08 0.06 0.004
(C) N levels
N0 39.42 37.65 40.64 37.54 44.05
N1 41.89 41.25 43.29 41.97 46.23
N2 44.81 44.48 45.65 44.21 47.93
F. Test ** ** ** ** **
LSD at 0.05 1.28 0.07 0.06 0.08 0.005
(D) PK levels
P1 K1 41.36 40.11 42.47 39.42 44.81
P2 K2 42.72 42.14 43.92 43.05 47.33
F. Test * ** ** ** **

After 45 days from planting the highest value was found with double
doses recommended of nitrogen fertilizers. At the harvest the highest value
was found with double recommended doses of nitrogen fertilizers in shoot
and also in roots and fruits parts compared to control (No). At 30 days after
planting there is significant increase in NO3- content, the highest value was
occurred with double recommended doses of phosphorus and potassium,
while at 45 days after planting there is high significant increase in NO3-
content. The highest value was found with P2K2 treatment.
At the harvest there is high significant increase at all stages of plant
growth, the highest values were occurred with P2k2 treatment respectively in
shoots, roots and fruits.
These increases may be attributed to nitrogen which is vital to the
growth of plants. Under double recommended applications, most soil
nitrogen especially in alluvial soils will be in form NO3- and plants may
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J. Agric. Sci. Mansoura Univ., 32 (4), April, 2007

absorb great quantity of nitrogen than its assimilation capacity, the

difference between N-absorption and assimilation may be great as the
unutilized nitrogen will be stored as nitrate in plant tissues. The present
results are in agreement with the findings of Gabal (1980), Green world and
Hunt (1986) and Pavlovic et.al., (1997).
Using ammonium sulfate fertilizer in combination with high levels of
organic materials, more accumulation of NO3- was noticed, this phenomena
may be due to the high available N release from this fertilizer, which
increases the rate of N uptake by plants than its assimilation rate,
particularly at the higher N fertilization rate.
El-Sissy, Laila (2000), Szwonek (1986) and Custic et. al., (1994) also came
to the same conclusion.

The combined effect of organic materials, and inorganic fertilizers on

plant NO3-content:
Data in Table 6 revealed that there was high significant increase in
NO3- (ppm) as affected by the combined effect of organic materials levels
and nitrogen fertilizers rates. The highest value of plant NO3- was observed
with the highest N level with 0, 14 and 28 ton.fed-1 organic materials,
respectively. Concerning combined effects, the highest value was found
with adding 28 ton.fed-1 + double recommended doses of nitrogen fertilizer.
As shown in Fig (2) the highest value of NO3- was found by adding FYM with
double recommended doses of phosphorus and potassium. Also, it was
observed that FYM give the highest value of NO3- (ppm) either with p1k1 or
p2k2 treatments.

Table 6:Means of NO3- content in fruit dry weight of squash plant (ppm)
as affected by the combined effects of organic materials
levels and nitrogen fertilizers rates during season 2004.
Organic levels
N -Treatments L0 (Control) L1 L2
NO3- in plant (ppm)
N0 (Control) 25.82 39.33 47.79
N1 32.08 41.83 49.84
N2 36.80 45.13 51.51
F. Test **
LSD at 0.05 1.41

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Hammad, S. A. et al.

P1 K1 P2K2

44
43

No3- content(ppm)
42
41
40
39
38
37
FYM Corn Mix
Organic sources

Fig 2: Means of NO3- content in fruit dry weight of squash plant (ppm)
as affected by PK rates and organic sources during 2004
season.

Effect of organic materials, and inorganic fertilizers on plant NO 2-

content.
Data presented in Table (7) pointed out the effect of organic
materials sources on NO2- content at different stages of squash plant
growth. Data revealed that there is non significant increase in NO2- (ppm) at
30 days after planting, the highest value was occurred with adding FYM at
30 days after planting, while at 45 days after planting this increase is high
significant. The highest value was found by adding FYM.
At the harvest in shoot part there is highly significant increase in
NO2- (ppm), The highest value was found with FYM, but in root part there is
significant increase in NO2- the highest value was occurred with FYM. On
the other hand, there is high significant increase in NO2- in fruit part. The
highest value was found with FYM.
Concerning the effect of organic materials levels on NO2- (ppm) in
squash plant, data in Table (7) illustrated that there is high significant
increase in all stages of squash plant. At 30 days after planting the highest
value was occurred with 28 ton.fed-1, At the harvest in shoot part the
highest value was occurred with 40m3.fed , and also in root and fruit parts
the highest values were occurred with 40m3.fed respectively compared with
control.
The increase in NO3- concentration due to organic manures may be
attributed to organic matter producing some substances which promoting
plant growth leading to more adsorption of available nitrogen. Similar results
were reported by Dominguez (1994) and Castro et al (1998).

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J. Agric. Sci. Mansoura Univ., 32 (4), April, 2007

Table 7: Effect of organic materials sources, inorganic fertilizers, its

effects on NO2- content (ppm) of plant part at different plant
growth stages during season 2004.
Treatments No2- content of plant (ppm)
Day after planting At harvest(60 days)
(A)Organic Sources 30 days 45 days Shoot Root Fuit
FYM 1.89 1.69 2.67 2.06 2.25
Corn Straw 1.82 1.94 1.69 1.94 1.94
Mixed 1.94 2.25 1.93 1.79 1.69
F. Test NS ** ** * **
LSD at 0.05 -- 0.01 0.003 0.07 0.01
(B)Organic Levels
L0 1.43 1.48 1.36 1.59 1.48
L1 1.81 1.86 2.050 1.92 1.86
L2 2.42 2.54 2.87 2.27 2.54
F. Test ** ** ** ** **
LSD at 0.05 0.012 0.01 0.01 0.08 0.004
(C) N levels
N0 1.72 1.70 1.85 1.75 1.70
N1 1.84 1.88 2.06 1.92 1.88
N2 2.104 2.30 2.37 2.11 2.30
F. Test * ** ** ** **
LSD at 0.05 0.01 0.004 0.01 0.06 0.01
(D) PK levels
P1 K1 1.82 1.77 2.00 1.81 1.77
P2 K2 1.95 2.15 2.18 2.04 2.15
F. Test ** ** ** ** **

As for the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on NO2-content, the data in

Table (7) showed that there is high significant increase in NO2-. At 30 days
after planting the highest value was found with N2 treatment compared to
control and at 45 days after planting the highest value was occurred with N2.
At the harvest the highest value was occurred with N2 treatment in shoot,
and also the highest value in roots and fruits were occurred with N2
treatment compared to the control.
Appling phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to the soil have a high
significant increase in NO2- at different growth stages of squash plant. At 30
days after planting the highest value was occurred with P2K2 treatment.
At the harvest in shoot part the highest value was found with adding p2k2
treatment, and also in root and fruit parts the highest values were occurred
with applying P2K2 treatment.

The combined effect of organic materials, and inorganic fertilizers on

plant NO2- content.
As shown in Table (8) data showed a high significant increase in
No2- as affected by the combined application of organic materials levels with
nitrogen fertilizer rates. The highest value of plant NO2- (ppm)was observed
with the highest N level with 0, 14 and 28 ton.fed-1 organic manure,
respectively. The highest value was found with adding 28 ton.fed-1 of
organic materials levels with double recommended doses of nitrogen
fertilizers.
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Hammad, S. A. et al.

Table 8: Means of fruit NO2- content of squash plant (ppm) as affected

by the combined effect of organic levels and nitrogen rates
during 2004 season.
Organic levels
N -Treatments L0 (Control) L1 L2
plant NO2- (ppm)
N0 (Control) 1.22 1.90 2.64
N1 1.44 2.19 2.88
N2 1.65 2.40 3.37
F. Test **
LSD at 0.05 0.095

The combined effect of organic materials, and PK fertilizers on plant

NO2- content.
As shown in Fig (3) data showed that the highest value was found
with adding FYM as combined with double recommended doses of
phosphorus and potassium. Also, it was observed that FYM gave the
highest value of NO2- (ppm) either with p1k1 or p2k2 treatment.

P1 K1 P2K2

3
NO2- content(ppm)

2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
FYM Corn Mix
Organic sources

Fig 3: Means of NO2-content in fruit of squash plant (ppm) as affected

by PK fertilizer rates and organic materials sources during
season 2004.

Also, data show that these increases may be attributed to that

organic material produce some substances which have a role in increasing
availability of soil nutrients which led to more absorption of available
nitrogen. The release of available N (NH4+ +NO3-) from organic materials
sources was slow, steady and took along time. While, combination between
organic and inorganic N resulted in greater values of apparent net N release
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J. Agric. Sci. Mansoura Univ., 32 (4), April, 2007

than those obtained when each applied singly. Similar results were recorded
by Dominguez (1994) and Metwally and Khamis (1998). Also It may be due
to application of corn straw which increased the reduction conditions beside
its effects on increasing nitrate immobilization and the reduction of NO3-to
NH4+ by microorganisms which is in accordance with findings of IRRI,
(1984).
By using Minitab software, we have the following regression formula
which show the interaction influences on total dry yield.
The expected equation to predicted the total yield was:
Total dry yield (g/plant) =6.69 + 0.0709 Total N – 0.159 NO3 +0.121 NH4
Finally, O.M had significant effect on N-forms that may be due to
decomposition of O.M and release N forms.

CONCLUSION:
Results indicated that usage of organic material with different
sources and huge amount would enrich poorly sandy soil. Also considering
inorganic fertilizers, it is recommended to be added in a great amounts to
this soil for obtaining two benefits, firstly inorganic fertilizers give the plants
their nutrients requirements, secondly it helps microorganisms to easies
releasing nutrients in available forms through activating the decomposition
process of organic material.

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Gomez, K. A. and A. A. Gomez (1984). Statistical Procedures for
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Hammad, S.A. (1996) statues and behavoir of nitrogen in soils under
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‫‪Hammad, S. A. et al.‬‬

‫التأثير الزمنى القصير لألسمدة العضوي ِة والمعدنية علىى متتىوا النتىراا وانتة يىة‬
‫نبةا الكوسة‬
‫سىىىىةمى عبىىىىد التميىىىىد تمىىىىةد‪ ،‬تسىىىىد عبىىىىد اللىىىى م ىىىىر ‪ ،‬طىىىىةرم متمىىىىد الز يىىىىرا و‬
‫كريم فكرا فودة‬
‫قسم األراضى ‪ -‬كلية الزراعة ‪ -‬ةمعة المنصورة ‪ -‬مصر‪0‬‬

‫تمما راممترر تاتقممة على ممة ىممي تتقممة ت ى ممة م عطممة رجتامماتز رجيتر م بة قل ق م‬
‫ق عا ظممة رجهليى ممة ممي ام ب ممتار ‪ 4002‬ذجممل جهبترةممة رجتممال بت رج ممتتلب جلمم رةب رج تى م بة م‬
‫ى م ط مي مما) قل لممة ةممت ا دممي قممه‬ ‫مِ ذتاب ة م اه رج يت ممة ‪FYM‬‬ ‫رج م ر به رجوي م بة لم ‪،‬‬
‫دمذ رجهترةم بة‬ ‫إيا بة ‪ 42 42‬ط ‪ / ،‬هر كذجل تا رةت هرا ة اه م تت ا مي قل لة ةت ا‬
‫ك ا ىي ‪ :‬قه إيا بة ‪ 000 000‬ك ى اترا ةى ا ر م ا‪ /‬هر ‪ .‬كذجل تا ريا ة ةت ا‬
‫‪ 450‬ك ىممم اترا ةممم قت ةممم ا رعممماه‪ +‬رجكاجةممم ا ‪50‬‬ ‫رجق تاةممم با رج ةممم بت وممما ر‬
‫ك ىممم اترا ةمممى ا ق تاةممم ا رجلمممامي ‪ 000‬ك ىممم اترا ةممم قت ةممم ا رعممماه‪ +‬رجكاجةممم ا ‪400‬‬
‫ك ى اترا ةى ا ق تاة ا ذجل قاةت هرا تا ا رجلطع رج م لة ل ث تر تال ت دذا رج وا‬
‫كام رجمتائبج ك ا ىي‪:‬‬ ‫رجمتتر رجم تت‬ ‫ىي رج اها رجاا ة جمقا رجك ةة عت ر‬
‫رج تتكةُ جى اها رجوي بة ر ة ها رج وهم ة ي ماهاب‬ ‫رج ته ةُ رجت ا‬ ‫أ ط ْ رج وا‬
‫وم ة ر ترق رجاذ ت رجل ات جمقا رجك ةة‪.‬‬
‫رج ته م بة كمما دمممال ي مماها ُ وم ممة م رج م ي ب رجامما ب جممل ترق‬ ‫مما توىممل قاج ومما‬
‫رجامممذ ت رجل مممات ممممه رجعاممما به مممع ريممما ة ةممم اه رج يت مممة ‪ FYM‬ك ممما ىمممي ‪0.54 ,41.01‬‬
‫‪ 2.41‬اترا‪ /‬مقما ) ىمي رجتم رج ‪ .‬ق م ما جم عظ مع ومهف ريما ة رجويم بة ر رجم ي رجاما‬
‫جل ترق رجاذ ت رجل ات ا رجي ‪ 2.05 2.40 40.01‬اترا‪ /‬مقا ) ىي رجت رج قإيا ة‬
‫اي قي با‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪ 42‬ط َّ ‪ /‬هر اها ي ة‪ .‬كذجل قي اْها وه رجة اه رجمتت ا ب عتي يو رجات ة رج‬
‫أ طممم رج بلممم ا ر ىمممي جىممم ي ب رجاممما ب جمممل ترق رجامممذ ت رجل مممات ‪1.11 0.00 , 41.00‬‬
‫اترا‪/‬مقا ) ىي رجت رج ‪.‬‬
‫اميا ت يح أ ‪ ،‬رجت ا رج متتل قم رجم تمت ا رج ومهمي‬ ‫ا توىل قمتائبج رجت ا‬
‫ق وه يو رج اي قه ‪ 42‬ط ‪ / ،‬هر ب ْ رجة اه رج يت ي ‪ FYM‬أ ط ْ ي ماها وت مة م‬
‫رج ي ب رجاا ب جمقا رجك ةة عت ردا رجمتتر ‪.‬‬
‫رج ممتتكة عممه ث ي مماها ُ وم ممة ُ م رجم ي رجامما جىل ممات‬ ‫كمما م متممائج رجت مما‬
‫امي‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪ 1.20‬اترا‪ /‬مقا ) ذجل قإيا ة ‪ 42‬ط َّ ‪ /‬هر ب ْ رج اها رجويم بة يمو رجات مة رج‬
‫قيا ب ْ رجمتت ا ب رج وهمي‪.‬‬
‫عت ‪ +‬رجمتتر رجم تت‬ ‫ك ا رظيت رج اها رجوي ةُ ر ة ها رج وهم ة ي اها ُ دا ‪ ،‬ةُ‬
‫كام رجل ة ر ىي ج عت ‪ +‬رجمقما م رجمتمتر ‪ )ppm 54.54‬كمت امة فيما ة ‪42‬‬ ‫قاجمقا‬
‫اي قيا ب ْ رجمتمت ا ب رج ومهمي كمذجل ظيمت م م‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫ط ‪،‬ب ‪ /‬هر اها ي ة يو رجات ة رج‬
‫رجم تت ع ث ا رجي ‪.)ppm 0.01‬‬ ‫رجتال ت جى وا ىة رجةاقلة ىي عت ‪ +‬رجمقا‬
‫جذر امه ُ ا قإيا ة ك ا ب كق تا ر ة ها رجوي بة رج وهم ة إجي رجتتق بة رجت ى م بة‬
‫كمذجل جتعةم ت ةم ت رمطم ق رجوماامت رجذذرئ مة م‬ ‫إل ْطار رجمقاتا ب رعت اااتيا م رج ذمذ ا‬
‫ا تا ةؤا جىمقا م م ت ْم م ط ى م بة تعىم رج ماها رجويم ةب‪ .‬كمذجل بامزُ أ ْ مم جي ردت ماا‬
‫إمتقادا ً ج عاا ب رج يت عت ردا ب ْ رجمتتر ب ج ط تتيا ىي اع بة رإلمةا ب ‪.‬‬

‫‪3268‬‬
J. Agric. Sci. Mansoura Univ., 32 (4), April, 2007

3269